Description
Title

Hiswelókë's Sindarin dictionary

Compiled, edited and annotated by Didier Willis

Edition

Edition 1.8-Beta

Lexicon 0.994821

2460 entries (1803 unique entries).

Publication

1999-2004, Didier Willis and The Sindarin Dictionary Project

Availability

Status: free.

License: This material may be distributed only subject to the terms and conditions set forth in the Creative Commons Attribution, Non-Commercial, Share-Alike License, version 2.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.0/).

Additional limitation of scope: Sindarin, as one of the languages invented by J.R.R. Tolkien, is his artistic and intellectual property. The editor does not claim any intellectual property on the Sindarin language itself and, as a whole, on this dictionary, beyond the editorial annotations, the arrangement of entries and the encyclopaedic discussions or interpretations appended to these entries. The above-mentioned license applies to such elements only.

J.R.R. Tolkien's texts and books are copyrighted by the Tolkien Estate and/or Tolkien's publishers. As of yet, this material is not approved by the Tolkien Estate or Tolkien's publishers, and is henceforth an unauthorized Sindarin dictionary. This material is however provided under the editor's assumption that compiling, arranging, analyzing, normalizing and annotating entries in order to produce a dictionary for a language, even if it is an invented one, does not violate the copyright of the inventor.

Shall any third party include this material in a derived work, under the above-mentioned license or under any other applicable license, the editor will not be liable for possible infringement of copyright on the derived work. Every derived use of this material is left under the sole responsability of the third party.

Notwithstanding, this material is neither a verbatim reproduction of information from Tolkien's published works, nor a simple rearrangement of such information in a different order. Many entries are deduced from indirect evidences (such as compounds, inflected forms, etc.) or are normalized according to our current knowledge of the Sindarin phonology and morphology. As a consequence, some deductions, as presented by the editor or by other contributors to the dictionary, might actually prove incorrect or inaccurate when new information is published.

Any violation of copyright regarding yet unpublished texts by J.R.R. Tolkien is unintended. The compiler does not have any access to hitherto unpublished texts. Would it be the case, such texts would not be used in the dictionary. Therefore, this dictionary only contains entries based on published texts, either from direct attestations or based on deductions and conclusions drawn from these texts by careful comparisons.

Notes

The editor would like to thank all the persons who made this work possible. This dictionary would not have existed without the efforts of many other peoples. Lisa Star (editor of Tyalië Tyelelliéva) and Helge Kåre Fauskanger (webmaster of Ardalambion) gave me precious advices and encouragements at the very beginning of the project. David Salo sent me his own lexicons and kindly answered some of my questions about them. Cédric Fockeu (webmaster of J.R.R. Tolkien en Version Française) offered his technical skill in scripting languages, as well as disk space to host the original on-line search engine. My thanks are also addressed to Ryszard Derdzinski, Dorothea Salo, B. Philip Jonsson, Sébastien Mallet and the members of the ELFLING mailing-list, for their support during the early phases of this long project; and later to Jim Allan (editor and co-author of An Introduction to Elvish), Bertrand Bellet, Carl Hostetter (editor of Vinyar Tengwar), Per Lindberg (from Mellonath Daeron), Elena Liria, Emanuele Vicentini, Patrick Wynne and all the other members of the Sindarin dictionary discussion group for their contributions and continual feedback, with a special mention for Javier Lorenzo for all the corrections he sent to the mailing-list. The Dragon Flame application would not have existed without Benjamin Babut. Likewise, this revised edition of the dictionary would not have seen the light without Benjamin's work and enthousiasm for Dragon Flame and its set of related tools. I am also indebt to Sylvain Veyrié and Thomas Deniau for having ported Dragon Flame to other operating systems. Last but not least, this work is dedicated to Christopher Tolkien and to the Vinyar Tengwar & Parma Eldalamberon editorial staffs, whose efforts to publish J.R.R. Tolkien's linguistic papers have made such a dictionary possible.

Source

Dictionary based on J.R.R. Tolkien's works, and extended with etymological notes, phonetics and other information.

Sindarin is the language of the Grey Elves, invented by J.R.R. Tolkien and exemplified in his masterful epic story The Lord of the Rings.

This work aims at being a complete Sindarin dictionary, addressing not only Tolkien's fans wishing to understand the elvish sentences from The Lord of the Rings or to build simple sentences in Sindarin, but also scholars wanting to study Sindarin for what it is: the complex linguistic invention of a philology professor, and also a beautiful piece of art.

The Sindarin dictionary project began on October 23, 1999, and is still under development. By no mean shall this version be regarded as definitive. The editor is all too well aware that the dictionary is not as perfect or complete as it might be. Nevertheless, it seems better to encourage the study of Sindarin by the provision of a working dictionary rather than delay the publication perhaps for years, until the editor's ideals are satisfied — a condition which might never be attained.

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Status: high.

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A

a* I [ɑ] (ar*) conj. and ◇ LotR/II:IV, LotR/VI:IV, S/428, SD/129-31, LB/354, Letters/308See ah for the form that this conjunction might take before a vowel

a* II [ɑ] interj. O! ◇ Letters/308See also ai I and ae I

ab-* [ɑb] pref. after, later ← Abonnen WJ/387

abonnen* [ɑbˈɔnnɛn] pl. ebœnnin* [ɛbˈɛnnin] n. and adj. 1. born later, born after ○ 2. as a noun, man, one born later than the Elves, a human being (elvish name for men) ◇ WJ/387ab-+onnen "after-born"

acharn* [ˈɑxɑrn] n. vengeance ◇ WJ/254, WJ/301OS *akkʰarna, CE *atkarnâ "reaction"

achas* [ˈɑxɑs] n. dread, fear ← Daerachas WJ/187This might also be *gachas, mutated in composition

ad- [ɑd] pref. back, again, re- ◇ Ety/349, VT/45:6

ada [ˈɑdɑ] n. hypo. of adar, father, daddy ◇ Ety/349

adab [ˈɑdɑb] pl. edaib* [ˈɛdɑjb] (edeb) n. building, house ◇ Ety/390, WR/379-80, X/EI

adan* [ˈɑdɑn] pl. edain* [ˈɛdɑjn] n. man, one of the Second People (elvish name for men) ◇ LotR/A(v), S/427, PM/324, WJ/387, Letters/282Q. atanadanath* n. coll.

adanadar* [ɑdˈɑnɑdɑr] pl. edenedair* [ɛdˈɛnɛdɑjr] n. man, one of the Fathers of Men ◇ MR/373adan+adar

adanath* [ˈɑdɑnɑθ] n. coll. of adan, men ◇ MR/373

adaneth* [ˈɑdɑnɛθ] n. f. (mortal) woman ◇ MR/349adan+-eth

adar* [ˈɑdɑr] pl. edair* [ˈɛdɑjr] (eder, edeir) n. father ◇ Ety/349, PM/324, MR/373, LotR/II:II, VT/44:21-22, X/EIada n. hypo.

adel [ɑdɛl̡] prep. behind, in rear (of) ◇ Ety/392

adertha-* [ɑdˈɛrθɑ] v. to reunite ← Aderthad S/409ad- + ertʰa- "to make one again", OS *atertʰa-aderthad* ger.

aderthad* [ɑdˈɛrθɑd] ger. of adertha-, reuniting, reunion ◇ S/409OS *atertʰata

adlann* [ˈɑdlɑnn] (atland) adj. sloping, tilted ◇ Ety/390, X/TL, X/ND4

adlanna-* [ɑdlˈɑnnɑ] v. to slope, slant ◈ adlanno* v. inf.

adlanno* [ɑdlˈɑnnɔ] (atlanno) v. inf. of adlanna-, to slope, slant ◇ Ety/390, X/TL

adlant* [ˈɑdlɑnt] (atlant) adj. oblique, slanting ◇ Ety/390, X/TL

aduial* [ɑdˈuj.ɑl] n. the evening, time of star-opening, "evendim" ◇ LotR/Dad + uial "second twilight"

ae* I [ˈɑɛ] interj. O! ◇ VT/44:21,22See also ai I and a II

aeII conj. if ◇ [PJ-Movie]Dialogs: Bruinen Raid II (source: Gwaith i Phethdain). Conceivably reconstructed after Quenya ai-quen "if anybody, whoever" (WJ/372). Highly hypothetical, as it conflicts with ae I

aear* [ˈɑɛ.ɑr] n. sea ◈ Tolkien changed this word several times, see gaear

aearon* [ˈɑɛ.ɑrɔn] n. great sea, ocean ◈ Tolkien changed this word several times, see gaearon

aeg* [ˈɑɛg] n. point ← aeglir, aeglos, etc.The adjective oeg "sharp, pointed, piercing" from Ety/349 is perhaps rejected: Tolkien later decided that no cognate of Quenya aica "fell, terrible, dire" was used in Sindarin, "though aeg would have been its form if it had occurred" (PM/347). On the other hand, we have words such as aeglos and aeglir, so there must be a noun aeg "point"

aegais* pl. of aegas

aegas* [ˈɑɛgɑs] (oegas) pl. aegais* [ˈɑɛgɑjs] (oeges) n. mountain peak ◇ Ety/349, X/OE

aeglir* [ˈɑɛglir] (oeglir) n. range of mountain peaks ← Hithaeglir LotR, Ety/349, X/OEaeg+lîr

aeglos* [ˈɑɛglɔs] n. 1. Bot. snowthorn, a plant like furze (gorse), but larger and with white flowers ○ 2. Geol. icicle (a pendent spear of ice formed by the freezing of dripping water) ◇ UT/417, LotR/Indexaeg+loss

ael* [ˈɑɛl] (oel) pl. aelin* [ˈɑɛlin] (oelin) n. lake, pool, mere ◇ Ety/349, S/427, X/OE

aelin* pl. of ael

aen* [ˈɑɛn] unkn. (unknown meaning) ◇ SD/129-31Some scholars believe this word to be cognate to Quenya nai "may it be". Other think that it is the pronoun "they". The context in which this word occurs (The so-called "King's Letter") is not clear enough to intepret it with certainty

aer* I [ˈɑɛr] n. sea ◈ Tolkien changed this word several times, see aear, gaear

aer* II [ˈɑɛr] adj. holy ◇ VT/44:21,24

aerlinn* [ˈɑɛrlinn] n. (unknown meaning, perhaps a song about the sea, or possibly holy song) ◇ RGEO/70, X/ND4aer+lind (?)"sea-song" or (?)"holy song", OS *airelinde

aes [ˈɑɛs] n. cooked food, meat ◇ Ety/349

aew* [ˈɑɛw] n. (small) bird ◇ Ety/348, S/434

aewen* [ˈɑɛwɛn] adj. of birds ← Linaewen S/434

agar* [ˈɑgɑr] n. blood ← Agarwaen S/378

agarwaen* [ɑgˈɑrwɑɛn] adj. bloodstained ◇ S/378agar+gwaen

aglar* [ˈɑglɑr] n. glory, brilliance ◇ Ety/348, S/427, LotR/II:I, LotR/VI:IV, RGEO/73

aglareb* [ˈɑglɑrɛb] adj. glorious ◇ Ety/348, S/427, WJ/412

aglonaglonn

aglondaglonn

aglonn* [ˈɑglɔnn] (aglond, aglon) n. defile, pass between high walls ◇ Ety/348, X/ND4

agor I [ˈɑgr̩] (agr) adj. narrow ◇ Ety/348

agor* II irreg. pa. t. of car-

agragor I

ah* [ɑh] prep. and conj. and, with ◇ MR/329The title Athrabeth Finrod ah Andreth is translated as "converse of Finrod and Andreth", but some scholars actually believe this word to be unrelated with the conjunction a I, ar "and", and they render it as "with". Other scholars consider that "and" and "with" (in the comitative sense) are not exclusive of each other, and regard ah as the form taken by this conjunction before a vowel. That a, ar and ah are etymologically related has finally been confirmed in VT43:29-30. Compare also with Welsh, where the coordination "and" also takes different forms whether it occurs before a vowel or a consonant (respectively ac and a). In written Welsh, a often triggers the aspirate mutation: bara a chaws "bread and cheese". This usage is seldom applied in colloquial Welsh (Modern Welsh §510)

ai* I [ˈɑj] interj. ah! ◇ LotR/I:XIIThough attested in LotR, this word might relate to ae I, with the regular change from ai to ae between Noldorin and Sindarin

ai* II [ɑj] pron. for those who ◇ VT/44:21,30

aith [ˈɑjθ] n. spearpoint ◇ Ety/355

al- [ɑl] pref. no, not ◇ Ety/367

alae* [ˈɑlɑɛ] interj. (?) behold! ◇ UT/40Compare with Quenya ela! "imperative exclamation directing sight to an actually visible object" (WJ/362)

alag [ˈɑlɑg] adj. rushing, impetuous ◇ Ety/348, VT/45:5

alagos [ˈɑlɑgɔs] n. storm of wind ◇ Ety/348

alfalph

alfirin* [ˈɑlfirin] n. and adj. 1. immortal ○ 2. Bot. as a noun, name of a flower, bell-like and running through many soft and gentle colours ○ 3. Bot. as a noun, also used for another small white flower ◇ LotR/V:IX, Letters/402, UT/55, UT/303, UT/316, UT/417al-+firin

alph* [ˈɑlf] (alf) pl. eilph* [ˈɛjlf] n. Orn. swan ◇ Ety/348, S/427, LotR/E, VT/42:7, X/PH

am I [ɑm] prep. 1. up, upwards ○ 2. upon ◇ Ety/348

am* II nasal assim. of an

amar [ˈɑmɑr] (ambar) n. earth ◇ Ety/372

amarth* [ˈɑmɑrθ] (ammarth) n. fate, doom ◇ Ety/372, S/427, LotR/A(i), TC/183

ambaramar

ambenambenn

ambendambenn

ambenn [ˈɑmbɛnn] (ambend, amben) adv. uphill, sloping upwards ◇ Ety/348, Ety/380, X/ND3, X/ND4am+pend

amdir* [ˈɑmdir] n. hope based on reason ◇ MR/320am+tîr "looking up"

amloth* [ˈɑmlɔθ] n. Mil. flower or floreate device used as crest fixed to the point of a helmet ◇ WJ/318am+loth "uprising flower"

amlug [ˈɑmlug] n. dragon ◇ Ety/349, Ety/370

ammarthamarth

ammen* [ˈɑmmɛn] pron. of us, for us, toward us ◇ LotR/II:IV, LB/354, VT/44:21,27an+men

amon* [ˈɑmɔn] pl. emyn* [ˈɛmyn] (emuin) n. hill, steep-sided mount ◇ Ety/348, LotR/E

amrûn* [ˈɑmruːn] n. east, orient ◇ Ety/348, Ety/384, S/437, LotR/Eam+rhûn "uprising, sunrise"

an- [ɑn] pref. with, by ◇ Ety/374

an* [ɑn] prep. to, towards, for ◇ LotR/II:IV, UT/39, SD/129-31With suffixed article and elision in aglar'ni Pheriannath

anann* [ˈɑnɑnn] adv. long, for a long time ◇ LotR/VI:IV, Letters/308an+and, OS *ananda

anc [ˈɑŋk] n. jaw, row of teeth ◇ Ety/348, Ety/374

and* [ˈɑnd] (ann) adj. long ◇ Ety/348, S/427, X/ND1

andabonannabon

andaith* [ˈɑndɑjθ] (andeith) n. long-mark, sign used in writing alphabetic tengwar over a vowel, to indicate that it is lengthened. ◇ LotR/E, Ety/391, X/EIand+taith

andeithandaith

andrann* [ˈɑndrɑnn] (anrand) n. cycle, age (100 Valian Years) ◇ Ety/382, X/ND4Helge Fauskanger notes: the element and "long" would normally be preserved before r-, but d is lost because there is another d in the word (VT/41:9); however, this second d later disappeared in the change from -nd to -nn, and it is unclear whether or not an- would then revert to and-and+*rand "long cycle"

anfang [ˈɑnfɑŋ] pl. enfeng* [ˈɛnfɛŋ] n. one of the Longbeards (a tribe of dwarves) ◇ Ety/348, Ety/387, WJ/322and+fanganfangrim* n. class pl.

anfangrim* [ɑnfˈɑŋgrim] n. class pl. of anfang, Longbeards (a tribe of dwarves) ◇ WJ/322anfang+rim

ang* [ˈɑŋ] n. iron ◇ Ety/348, S/428, PM/347

angerthas* [ɑŋgˈɛrθɑs] n. Ling. runic alphabet, long rune-rows (extended version of the Cirth) ◇ S/427, LotR/Eand+certhas

anglenna-* [ɑŋglˈɛnnɑ] v. to approach ← anglennatha SD/129-31an+*glenna-, OS *añglenna-, CE *angledna-anglennatha* v. 3rd

anglennatha* [ɑŋglˈɛnnɑθɑ] v. 3rd of anglenna-, (he) will approach ◇ SD/129-31

angol I [ˈɑŋgɔl] n. stench ◇ Ety/378

angol II [ˈɑŋgɔl] n. Arch., Poet. deep lore, magic ◇ Ety/377

angren* [ˈɑŋgrɛn] pl. engrin* [ˈɛŋgrin] adj. of iron ◇ Ety/348, S/428

angwedh [ˈɑŋgwɛð] n. chain ◇ Ety/397ang+gwedh "iron-bond"

anim* [ˈɑnim] pron. for myself ◇ LotR/A(v)See also ennian+im

aníra-* [ɑnˈiːrɑ] v. to desire ◇ SD/129-31an+*íra- or *níra- (?) OS *anîra-

ann-thennath* [ˈɑnn.θˈɛnnɑθ] n. pl. a verse mode, lit. "long-shorts" (alternance of long and short vowels, or rather alternance of long and short verse units, possibly of masculine and feminine rhymes) ◇ LotR/I:XIThe word is not translated by Tolkien. Refer to Tolkien's Legendarium p. 115 for a discussion of its probable meaning

annand

anna- [ˈɑnnɑ] v. to give ◈ anno v. inf.ónen* irreg. pa. t. 1stanno* v. imp.

annabon [ˈɑnnɑbɔn] (andabon) n. Zool. elephant ◇ Ety/372, X/ND2and+*bond "long-snouted"

anno I [ˈɑnnɔ] v. inf. of anna-, to give ◇ Ety/348

anno* II [ˈɑnnɔ] v. imp. of anna-, give! ◇ VT/44:21,27

annon* [ˈɑnnɔn] pl. ennyn* [ˈɛnnyn] n. great door or gate ◇ Ety/348, S/428, LotR/II:IV, TAI/150

annui* [ˈɑnnuj] adj. western ◇ SD/129-31

annûn* [ˈɑnnuːn] n. west, sunset ◇ Ety/376, S/428, LotR/VI:IV, LotR/E, LB/354, Letters/308

annúnaid* [ɑnnˈuːnɑjd] n. Ling. the "Westron" language (one of the names for Common Speech) ◇ PM/316OS *andûneitè

Anor* [ˈɑnɔr] n. sun ◇ Ety/348

anrandandrann

ant [ˈɑnt] n. gift ◇ Ety/348

anu* [ˈɑnu] (anw) adj. male ◇ Ety/360, X/WA literal interpretation of the Etymologies would class this word as a noun, but David Salo notes that the punctuation in The Etymologies is not always reliable. Noldorin anw cannot be cognate to the Quenya noun hanu (*3anû) because the final -u would drop. It must rather be cognate to the Quenya adjective hanwa (*3anwâ) attested under the stem INI, where it is also stated that inw, corresponding to Quenya inya "female", has been remodelled after anw. The combination of these two entries, along with the phonological evidences, clearly indicates that anw is actually an adjective

anwanu

anwar* [ˈɑnwɑr] n. awe ◇ UT/418, VT/42:23

aphad-* [ˈɑffɑd] v. to follow ◇ WJ/387In WJ/387, the verbal stem is given as aphad-, and the etymology as *ap-pata. If we follow the latter, the verb should perhaps read aphada-ab-+pad- "to walk behind, on a track or path"

aphadon* [ˈɑffɑdɔn] pl. ephedyn* [ˈɛffɛdyn] n. 1. follower ○ 2. by ext. man (elvish name for men) ◇ WJ/387aphadrim* n. class pl.

aphadrim* [ɑffˈɑdrim] n. class pl. of aphadon, followers, men (elvish name for men) ◇ WJ/387aphad-+rim

ar- I [ɑr] pref. 1. Arch. etym. beside ○ 2. by ext. without ◇ Ety/349

ar-* IIara-

ar* → a I

âr [ˈɑːr] n. king (used of a lord or king of a specified region) ◇ Ety/389See also taur I

ara-* [ɑrɑ] (ar-*) pref. high, noble, royal ◇ S/428Reduced form of aran, element in the names of the kings of Arnor and Arthedain

arad [ˈɑrɑd] n. daytime, a day ◇ Ety/349

aran* [ˈɑrɑn] pl. erain* [ˈɛrɑjn] n. king (used of a lord or king of a specified region) ◇ Ety/360, S/428, LotR/II:IV, LotR/VI:VII, SD/129-31, Letters/426

aranarth* [ˈɑrɑnɑrθ] n. kingdom, "king-holding" ◇ VT/44:22,25In Tolkien's manuscript, this form was rejected in favor of arnad

aras* [ˈɑrɑs] n. Zool. deer ◇ WJ/156-157

ardh [ˈɑrð] n. realm, region ◇ Ety/360

ardhon* [ˈɑrðɔn] n. 1. great region, province ○ 2. by ext. world ← Calenardhon S/386, PM/348

arn* [ˈɑrn] adj. royal ← arn(a)gon-ath Letters/427See also arnen

arnad* [ˈɑrnɑd] n. kingdom ◇ VT:44:21,25

arnediad [ɑrnˈɛdi.ɑd] (arnœdiad*) adj. innumerable, countless, endless, without reckoning, numberless ◇ Ety/349, Ety/378, S/428ar-+nediad

arnen* [ˈɑrnɛn] pl. ernin* [ˈɛrnin] adj. (?) royal ← Emyn Arnen, Lonnath-Ernin LotR/V:I, WR/294, WR/370Originally, Lonnath-Ernin might have been intended to mean 'royal havens', assuming the second element to be a regular adjective. However, the second element in Emyn Arnen 'hills of Arnen' is singular, and Tolkien later decided that it should mean 'Hill beside the water', see VT/42:7 and HL/119-124. Nevertheless, this meaning cannot apply to Lonnath-Ernin (havens are near water by definition), so unless we entirely reject this earlier form, we may assume that an adjective 'royal' is still possible. See also arn

arnœdiad* → arnediad

arod* [ˈɑrɔd] adj. noble ◇ PM/363, VT/41:9

aronoded [ɑrˈɔnɔdɛd] adj. innumerable, countless, endless ◇ Ety/378See also arnediadar-gonoded

arphen* [ˈɑrfɛn] pl. erphin* [ˈɛrfin] n. a noble ◇ WJ/376ar-+pen

arphent* pa. t. "and (he) said" ◇ TL/21:09ar+pent "and (he/she) said"

arth* [ˈɑrθ] adj. (unknown meaning, perhaps noble, lofty, exalted) ← Arthedain LotRQ arta or OS *artʰa, CE *arâtâ

arwen* [ˈɑrwɛn] n. f. noble woman ← Arwen (name) LotRar-+gwend

ascarasgar

asgar [ˈɑsgɑr] (ascar) adj. violent, rushing, impetuous ◇ Ety/386

asogant pa. t. of soga-

ast [ˈɑst] n. dust ◇ Ety/349

ath- [ɑθ] pref. on both sides, across ◇ Ety/349

athan* [ɑθɑn] prep. beyond ◇ SD/62

athelas* [ˈɑθɛlɑs] n. Bot. "kingsfoil", a healing herb brought to Middle-earth by the Númenóreans ◇ LotR/V:VIIIQ athea "benefical, helpful" + CS las "leaf"

athra-* [ɑθrɑ] pref. across ← Athrabeth MR/329

athrabeth* [ˈɑθrɑbɛθ] n. debate, converse ◇ MR/329athra-+peth "cross-talk"

athrad* [ˈɑθrɑd] pl. ethraid* [ˈɛθrɑjd] n. (river-)crossing, ford, way ◇ Ety/349, Ety/383, UT/437

athrada- [ˈɑθrɑdɑ] v. to cross, traverse ◇ ath-+rada-athrado v. inf.

athrado [ˈɑθrɑdɔ] v. inf. of athrada-, to cross, traverse ◇ Ety/383

atlandadlann

atlannoadlanno

atlantadlant

aur* [ˈɑur] n. day, sunlight, morning ◇ Ety/349, S/439See also calan

auth I [ˈɑuθ] n. war, battle ◇ Ety/365, Ety/379

auth* II [ˈɑuθ] n. a dim shape, spectral or vague apparition ◇ VT/42:9

ava-* [ˈɑvɑ] aux. will not ◈ avad* ger.avo* v. imp.avon* v. 1stavam* v. 1st pl.

avad* [ˈɑvɑd] ger. of ava-, refusal, reluctance ◇ WJ/371

avam* [ˈɑvɑm] v. 1st pl. of ava-, we won't ◇ WJ/371

avo* [ˈɑvɔ] v. imp. of ava-, don't! ◇ WJ/371Used as a negative adverb before an imperative: avo garo "don't do it!". Sometimes used as prefix: avgaro

avon* [ˈɑvɔn] v. 1st of ava-, I won't ◇ WJ/371

avorn* [ˈɑvɔrn] adj. staying, fast ← Baravorn Hamfast, SD/129-31

awarth [ˈɑwɑrθ] n. abandonment ◇ Ety/397

awartha- [ɑwˈɑrθɑ] v. to forsake, abandon ◇ Ety/397

B

bach [bˈɑx] n. article (for exchange), ware, thing ◇ Ety/372

bachor [bˈɑxr̩] n. pedlar ◇ Ety/372

bâd [bˈɑːd] n. beaten track, pathway ◇ Ety/351

badhor [bˈɑðr̩] n. judge ◇ Ety/350

badhron [bˈɑðrɔn] n. judge ◇ Ety/350

bain* [bˈɑjn] (bein) adj. beautiful, fair ◇ Ety/351, Ety/359, X/EI

bair* pl. of bar

balan* [bˈɑlɑn] pl. belain* [bˈɛlɑjn] (belein, belen) n. Theo. Vala, divine power, divinity ◇ Ety/350, S/439, Letters/427, X/EI

balch [bˈɑlx] adj. cruel ◇ Ety/377

band* [bˈɑnd] (bann) n. duress, prison, custody, safe-keeping ◇ Ety/371, S/428, MR/350, X/ND1

banga- [bˈɑŋgɑ] v. to trade ◇ Ety/372

bannband

bar* [bˈɑr] pl. bair* [bˈɑjr] n. 1. dwelling, home ○ 2. by ext. inhabited land ◇ S/428, WR/379-80, SD/129-31

bara [bˈɑrɑ] adj. 1. fiery ○ 2. eager ◇ Ety/351

barad I [bˈɑrɑd] adj. doomed ◇ Ety/372

barad* II [bˈɑrɑd] pl. beraid* [bˈɛrɑjd] n. tower, fortress ◇ Ety/351, S/428, LotR/B

baradh [bˈɑrɑð] adj. steep ◇ Ety/351

baran* [bˈɑrɑn] n. brown, swart, dark brown, golden brown, yellow brown ◇ Ety/351, LotR/F, TC/179

bartha- [bˈɑrθɑ] v. to doom ◈ bartho v. inf.

bartho [bˈɑrθɔ] v. inf. of bartha-, to doom ◇ Ety/372

basgorn [bˈɑsgɔrn] n. loaf (of bread) ◇ Ety/372, Ety/365bast+corn "round bread"

bass* [bˈɑss] n. bread ← besain, besoneth, imbas PM/404-405, VT/44:21In the Etymologies, the word for 'bread' is given as bast, Quenya masta, but it seems that Tolkien later changed his mind and updated the word to bass, as shown in Quenya massánie, Sindarin besain, besoneth 'bread-giver', and in the mutated form mbas. These later Sindarin forms are however dubious; we would rather have expected bessain (as a regular cognate of Quenya massánie) and bassoneth (without i-affection)

bassoneth* [bˈɑssonɛθ] (besoneth*) n. f. bread-giver ◇ PM/404-405, X/ZSee bass for a discussion regarding this wordbass+oneth

bast [bˈɑst] n. bread ◇ Ety/372See bass

batha- [bˈɑθɑ] v. to trample ◈ batho v. inf.

batho [bˈɑθɔ] v. inf. of batha-, to trample ◇ Ety/352

baudh [bˈɑuð] n. judgement ◇ Ety/350

baug [bˈɑug] adj. tyrannous, cruel, oppressive ◇ Ety/372

baugla- [bˈɑuglɑ] v. to oppress ◈ bauglo v. inf.

bauglir [bˈɑuglir] n. tyrant, oppressor ◇ Ety/372

bauglo [bˈɑuglɔ] v. inf. of baugla-, to oppress ◇ Ety/372

baul [bˈɑul] n. torment ◇ Ety/377

baur [bˈɑur] n. need ◇ Ety/372

baw* [bˈɑw] interj. no, don't! ◇ WJ/371

bêd* soft mut. of pêd

beinbain

belain* pl. of balan

beleg* [bˈɛlɛg] adj. great, mighty ◇ Ety/352, S/428

belein pl. of balanbelain

belen pl. of balanbelain

bell* [bˈɛl̡l] (belt) adj. strong in body ◇ Ety/352, X/LD

bellas [bˈɛl̡lɑs] n. bodily strength ◇ Ety/352

beltbell

ben* [bɛn] prep. according to the, in the ◇ SD/129-31OS *be, with suffixed article (?)

benn [bˈɛnn] n. m. man, male ◇ Ety/352, VT/45:9"husband"

bennas [bˈɛnnɑs] n. angle, corner ◇ Ety/352, Ety/375

beorbŷr I

beraid* pl. of barad II

berein pl. of bôrbŷr II

beren I [bˈɛrɛn] adj. bold ◇ Ety/352

beren II pl. of bôrbŷr II

bereth* [bˈɛrɛθ] n. queen, spouse ◇ Ety/351, RGEO/74

beria- [bˈɛri.ɑ] v. to protect ◈ berio v. inf.

berio [bˈɛri.ɔ] v. inf. of beria-, to protect ◇ Ety/351

bertha- [bˈɛrθɑ] v. to dare ◈ bertho v. inf.

bertho [bˈɛrθɔ] v. inf. of bertha-, to dare ◇ Ety/352

besain* → bessain

besoneth* → bassoneth

bess* [bˈɛss] n. f. 1. (young) woman ○ 2. wife ◇ Ety/352, SD/129-31

bessain* [bˈɛssɑjn] (besain*) n. f. bread-giver ◇ PM/404-405, X/ZSee bass for a discussion regarding this word

beth* soft mut. of peth

biorbŷr I

blab- [blˈɑb] v. to beat, batter, flap (wings, etc.) ◈ blâb v. 3rdblebi v. inf.

blâb [blˈɑːb] v. 3rd of blab-, (he) flaps, beats ◇ Ety/380The Etymologies seem to list this word as a noun, but it is clearly the third person singular of the verb

blebi [blˈɛbi] v. inf. of blab-, to beat, batter, flap (wings, etc.) ◇ Ety/380

bo* [bɔ] prep. on ◇ VT/44:21,26

boda-* [bˈɔdɑ] v. to ban, prohibit ◇ WJ/371

boe* [bˈɔɛ] (bui) v. impers. to need ◇ Ety/372, X/Z

bôr (corr. bór) [bˈɔːr] pl. bŷr (corr. býr) [bˈyːr] (berein, beren) n. steadfast, trusty man, faithful vassal ◇ Ety/353

born* [bˈɔrn] adj. hot, red ◇ Letters/426-27

both [bˈɔθ] n. puddle, small pool ◇ Ety/372

bragol* [brˈɑgɔl] adj. sudden ◇ S/429

brand [brˈɑnd] (brann) adj. 1. lofty, noble, fine ○ 2. high (in size) ◇ Ety/351, TAI/150, X/ND1

brannbrand

brannon [brˈɑnnɔn] n. m. lord ◇ Ety/351

brass [brˈɑss] n. white heat ◇ Ety/351

brassen [brˈɑssɛn] adj. white-hot ◇ Ety/351

brêg (corr. brerg) [brˈɛːg] adj. wild, fierce ◇ Ety/373

breged [brˈɛgɛd] n. violence, suddenness ◇ Ety/352

bregol [brˈɛgɔl] adj. violent, sudden, fierce ◇ Ety/352, Ety/373

bregolas [brˈɛgɔlɑs] n. fierceness ◇ Ety/352

breitha- [brˈɛjθɑ] v. to break out suddenly ◈ breitho v. inf.

breitho [brˈɛjθɔ] v. inf. of breitha-, to break out suddenly ◇ Ety/352

brennil [brˈɛnnil̡] n. f. lady ◇ Ety/351

brethelbrethil I

brethil* I [brˈɛθil̡] (brethel) pl. brethil* n. Bot. beech, beech-tree, silver birch ◇ Ety/352, Ety/376, S/429

brith [brˈiθ] n. gravel ◇ Ety/353

brôg [brˈɔːg] n. Zool. bear ◇ Ety/374

brona- [brˈɔnɔ] v. to last, to survive ◈ bronad ger.brono v. inf.

bronad [brˈɔnɑd] ger. of brona-, survival ← bronadui Ety/353

bronadui [brˈɔnɑduj] adj. enduring, lasting ◇ Ety/353

brenia- [brˈɛni.ɑ] v. to endure ◈ brenio v. inf.

brenio (corr. bronio) [brˈɛni.ɔ] v. inf. of brenia-, to endure ◇ Ety/353, VT/45:7

brono [brˈɔnɔ] v. inf. of brona-, to last, to survive ◇ Ety/353

bronwe* [brˈɔnwɛ] n. endurance, lasting quality, faith ◇ Ety/353, SD/62

brui* [brˈuj] adj. loud, noisy ← Bruinen LotR/Index

brûn [brˈuːn] adj. old, that has long endured, or been established, or in use ◇ Ety/353

buiboe

buia- [bˈuj.ɑ] v. to serve, to hold allegiance to ◈ buio v. inf.

buio [bˈuj.ɔ] v. inf. of buia-, to serve, to hold allegiance to ◇ Ety/353

bund [bˈund] (bunn) n. 1. snout, nose ○ 2. by ext. cape (of land) ◇ Ety/372, X/ND2

bunnbund

bŷr* I [bˈyːr] (bior, beor) n. follower, vassal ◇ Ety/352, X/IU

bŷr (corr. býr) II pl. of bôr

C

cab-* [kˈɑb] v. to leap ← cabed S/386, WJ/100cabed* ger.

cabed* [kˈɑbɛd] ger. of cab-, 1. leap ○ 2. by ext. deep gorge ◇ S/386, WJ/100Emended by Tolkien from earlier cabad. This is our sole late example that basic verbs should perhaps form their gerund in -ed, whereas derived verbs are well attested to use -ad (cf. aderthad)

cabor [kˈɑbr̩] (cabr) n. Zool. frog ◇ Ety/362MS *kabr, OS *kapro "leaper"

cabrcabor

cadu* [kˈɑdu] (cadw) adj. shaped, formed ◇ Ety/362-363, X/W

cadwcadu

cadwarcadwor

cadwor [kˈɑdwr̩] (cadwar) adj. shapely ◇ Ety/363

cae* [kˈɑɛ] (coe) n. earth ◇ Ety/363, X/OEThis word is indeclinable, according to the Etymologies

cael [kˈɑɛl] n. lying in bed, sickness ◇ Ety/363

caeleb [kˈɑɛlɛb] adj. bedridden, sick ◇ Ety/363

caer [kˈɑɛr] adj. num. ten ◇ Ety/363See also pae

caew [kˈɑɛw] n. lair, resting-place ◇ Ety/363

cai* [kˈɑj] n. hedge ◇ UT/282

cail* [kˈɑjl] n. fence or palisade of spikes and sharp stakes ◇ UT/282

caint* pl. of cant

cair* [kˈɑjr] (ceir) n. ship ◇ Ety/365, LotR/A(iv), X/EI

calad* [kˈɑlɑd] ger. light ◇ Ety/362, UT/65

calan* [kˈɑlɑn] n. day, period of actual daylight ◇ aLotR/DAttested in the first edition of LotR, but omitted from the second. See also aur

calar* [kˈɑlɑr] n. lamp ← celerdain LotR/V:I, WR/287

calardan* [kɑlˈɑrdɑn] pl. celerdain* [kɛlˈɛrdɑjn] n. lampwright ◇ LotR/V:I, WR/287calar+tân

calben* [kˈɑlbɛn] pl. celbin* [kˈɛl̡bin] n. 1. elf of the Great Journey (lit. "light person") ○ 2. by ext. all Elves but the Avari ◇ WJ/362, WJ/376-377, WJ/408-409

calen* [kˈɑlɛn] pl. celin* [kˈɛlin] adj. green ◇ Ety/362, S/429, Letters/282Etymologically "bright-coloured"

calfcalph

callon [kˈɑllɔn] n. hero ◇ Ety/362

calph* [kˈɑlf] (calf) n. water-vessel ◇ Ety/362, X/PH

cam* [kˈɑm] (camb, camm) n. hand ◇ Ety/361, Ety/371, S/429

cambcam

camlandcamlann

camlann* [kˈɑmlɑnn] (camland) n. palm of hand ◇ Ety/367, X/ND4cam+land

cammcam

can-* [kˈɑn] v. to cry out, shout, call ◇ PM/361-362

canad* [kˈɑnɑd] adj. num. four ◇ Ety/362, VT/42:24,25

canath* [kˈɑnɑθ] n. 'quarter', silver coin used in Gondor, the fourth part of a 'mirian' → mirianPM/45

cand* [kˈɑnd] (cann) adj. bold ◇ Ety/362, X/ND1

canncand

cannas [kˈɑnnɑs] n. shaping ← Dorgannas WJ/192, WJ/206

cant [kˈɑnt] pl. caint* [kˈɑjnt] n. outline, shape ← morchaint S/432, Ety/362, VT/42:28

canthui* [kˈɑnθuj] adj. num. fourth ◇ VT/42:25,27

car-* [kˈɑr] irreg. pa. t. agor* [ˈɑgɔr] v. to do ← avo garo WJ/371, WJ/415cared ger.cerir* v. 3rd pl.caro* v. imp.

car [kˈɑr] (cardh) n. house, building ◇ Ety/362

carab* [kˈɑrɑb] n. hat ◇ WJ/187

carach* [kˈɑrɑx] n. jaw ◇ S/429

caraes [kˈɑrɑɛs] n. jagged hedge of spikes ← Helcharaes Ety/362

carag [kˈɑrɑg] n. spike, tooth of rock ◇ Ety/362

caran* [kˈɑrɑn] adj. red ◇ Ety/362, S/429, LotR/E

caras* [kˈɑrɑs] n. city (built above ground) ◇ Ety/362, LotR/II:VII

carch* [kˈɑrx] n. tooth, fang ◇ Ety/362, S/429

cardh Icar

cardh II [kˈɑrð] n. deed, feat ◇ Ety/362Dialectal carth

cared [kˈɑrɛd] ger. of car-, making, doing ← ceredir Ety/354

caro* [kˈɑrɔ] v. imp. of car-, do! make! ◇ VT/44:21,25

cast* [kˈɑst] n. cape, headland ← Angast VT/42:28

cathrae* [kˈɑθrɑɛ] n. tressure, net for combining the hair ◇ VT/42:12

caul* [kˈɑul] n. great burden, affliction ◇ VT/39:10

caun* I [kˈɑun] n. outcry, clamor ◇ PM/361-362conath* n. coll.

caun II [kˈɑun] n. valour ◇ Ety/362

caun IIIcofn

caun* IV [kˈɑun] pl. conin* [kˈɔnin] n. prince, ruler ◇ LotR/VI:IV, Letters/308MS *kaun, Q. cáno

caw [kˈɑw] n. top ◇ Ety/362

ceber* [kˈɛbɛr] pl. cebir* [kˈɛbir] n. stake, spike, stone ridge ◇ Ety/363, LotR/II:VIII, S/437

cebir* pl. of ceber

cef [kˈɛv] pl. ceif [kˈɛjv] n. soil ◇ Ety/363

cefn [kˈɛvn] (cevn) adj. earthen ◇ Ety/363, X/Z

ceif pl. of cef

ceircair

ceirdancírdan

celair* [kˈɛlɑjr] (celeir) adj. brilliant ◇ Ety/362, X/EI

celbin* pl. of calben

celeb* [kˈɛlɛb] n. silver ◇ Ety/367, S/429, LotR/E, Letters/426

celebren [kɛlˈɛbrɛn] pl. celebrin* [kɛlˈɛbrin] adj. like silver (in hue or worth) ◇ Ety/367, S/429

celebrin* pl. of celebren

celefncelevon

celeg* [kˈɛlɛg] adj. swift, agile, hasty ◇ Ety/366, PM/353, VT/41:10

celeircelair

celerdain* pl. of calardan

celevon [kˈɛlɛvn̩] (celefn) adj. of silver ◇ Ety/367

celin* pl. of calen

cell* [kˈɛl̡l] adj. 1. running ○ 2. by ext. flowing (of water) ← Celduin LotR/Map

celon [kˈɛlɔn] n. river ← Celon (name) Ety/363

celu* [kˈɛlu] (celw) n. spring, source ◇ Ety/363, X/W

celwcelu

cen- [kˈɛn] v. to see ← cenedril TI/184cened ger.

cened [kˈɛnɛd] ger. of cen-, seeing, sight ← cenedril TI/184

cenedril [kɛnˈɛdril̡] n. looking-glass, mirror ◇ TI/184, RS/466cened+rill

cennan [kˈɛnnɑn] n. potter ◇ Ety/390cêf+tân

cerch [kˈɛrx] n. sickle ◇ Ety/365

ceredir [kˈɛrɛdˌir] n. doer, maker ◇ Ety/354cared+dîr

cerin* [kˈɛrin] n. 1. circular enclosure ○ 2. by ext. mound ◇ Ety/365, S/429

cerir* [kˈɛrir] v. 3rd pl. of car-, they do ◇ VT/44:22,30

certh* [kˈɛrθ] pl. cirth* [kˈirθ] n. rune ◇ WJ/396, LotR/EEtymologically "cutting"

certhas* [kˈɛrθɑs] n. Ling. runic alphabet, rune-rows ◇ LotR/Ecerth+-as

cerveth* [kˈɛrvɛθ] n. Cal. july (month) ◇ LotR/D

ceven* [kˈɛvɛn] n. Earth ◇ VT/44:21,27

cevncefn

chaered* soft mut. of haered

chebin* soft mut. of hebin

cherdir* soft mut. of herdir

chîn* pl. nasal mut. of hên II

chwandhwand

chwannhwand

chwesthwest

chwînhwîn

chwindhwind

chwiniohwinio

chwiniolhwiniol

chwinnhwind

cîl [kˈiːl] n. cleft, pass between hills, gorge ◇ Ety/365

cirbancírbann

círbann* [kˈiːrbɑnn] (cirban) n. haven ◇ Ety/380, X/ND4cair+pand

cirdancírdan

círdan* [kˈirdɑn] (cirdan, ceirdan) n. shipbuilder ◇ Ety/365, Ety/390, LotR/VI:IXcair+tân

cirion* [kˈiri.ɔn] n. m. shipman, sailor ← Cirion (name)

cirith* [kˈiriθ] n. cleft, high climbing pass, narrow passage cut through earth or rock ◇ S/387, UT/426, TC/181

cirth* pl. of certh

claur [klˈɑur] n. Poet. splendour, glory ◇ Ety/362

coecae

côf* [kˈɔːv] n. bay ◇ VT/42:15

cofn [kˈɔvn] (caun) adj. empty, void ◇ Ety/366

côl [kˈɔːl] n. gold (metal) ◇ Ety/365

coll I [kˈɔll] adj. (golden) red ◇ Ety/365, X/LD

coll* II [kˈɔll] adj. hollow ◇ WJ/414

coll* III [kˈɔll] n. cloak, mantle ← Thingol S/421, MR/385

conath* [kˈɔnɑθ] n. coll. of caun I, 1. many voices ○ 2. by ext. lamentation ◇ PM/361-362

condir* [kˈɔndir] n. m. mayor ◇ SD/129-31caun+dîr

conin* pl. of caun IV

conui* [kˈɔnuj] adj. commanding, ruling (?) ← Argonui LotR/A(ii)caun+-ui

corch [kˈɔrx] n. crow ◇ Ety/362

cordof* [kˈɔrdɔv] n. Bot. pippin (seed of certain fruits, or more probably small red apple) ◇ SD/129-31

corn [kˈɔrn] adj. round, globed ◇ Ety/365

coron* [kˈɔrɔn] n. 1. globe, ball ○ 2. by ext. mound ◇ Ety/365, S/429

coru* [kˈɔru] (corw) adj. cunning, wily ◇ Ety/366, X/W

corwcoru

cost [kˈɔst] n. quarrel ◇ Ety/365

coth [kˈɔθ] n. 1. enmity ○ 2. enemy ◇ Ety/365

craban* [krˈɑbɑn] pl. crebain* [krˈɛbɑjn] n. kind of crow of large size, raven ◇ LotR/II:III

cram* [krˈɑm] (cramb) n. cake of compressed flour or meal (often containing honey and milk) ◇ Ety/365, LotR/II:VIII

crambcram

crann [krˈɑnn] adj. ruddy (of face) ◇ Ety/362

crebain* pl. of craban

criss [krˈiss] n. cleft, cut, slash ◇ Ety/365, VT/45:23

crist [krˈist] n. cleaver, sword ◇ Ety/365

critha- [krˈiθɑ] v. to reap ◈ critho v. inf.

critho [krˈiθɔ] v. inf. of critha-, to reap ◇ Ety/365

crom [krˈɔm] n. left ◇ Ety/366

crum [krˈum] n. left hand ◇ Ety/366

crumui [krˈumuj] adj. left-handed ◇ Ety/366

* [kˈuː] n. 1. arch, crescent ○ 2. by ext. bow ◇ Ety/365, S/429

cugu [kˈugu] n. dove ◇ Ety/365

cuia-* [kˈuj.ɑ] v. to live ◈ cuio* v. imp.

cuil [kˈujl] n. life ◇ Ety/366

cuin [kˈujn] adj. alive ◇ Ety/366

cuina- [kˈujnɑ] v. to be alive ◈ cuino v. inf.cuinar* v. 3rd pl.

cuinar* [kˈujnɑr] v. 3rd pl. of cuina-, (they) live ← i-chuinar Letters/417

cuino [kˈujnɔ] v. inf. of cuina-, to be alive ◇ Ety/366

cuio* [kˈuj.ɔ] v. imp. of cuia-, live! ◇ LotR/VI:IV, Letters/308

cum [kˈum] (cumb) n. mound, heap ◇ Ety/365

cumbcum

cûn [kˈuːn] adj. bowed, bow-shaped, bent ◇ Ety/365

cund* [kˈund] (cunn) n. Arch. prince ◇ Ety/366, VT/45:24, X/ND1

cunncund

cúrancúron

cúron* [kˈuːrɑn] (cúran) n. the crescent moon ◇ Ety/365, X/Zcû+raun

curu [kˈuru] (curw) n. craft, skill ◇ Ety/366, X/W

curunircurunír

curunír* [kˈurunˌiːr] (curunir) n. m. wizard ◇ Ety/366, LotR/III:VIII, LotR/Bcuru+dîr "man of skill"

curwcuru

cyll* [kˈyll] n. bearer ← Taengyl, Tengyl MR/385

D

dad [dˈɑd] adv. down, downwards ◇ Ety/354

dadbendadbenn

dadbenn [dˈɑdbɛnn] (dadben) adv. downhill, inclined, prone ◇ Ety/354, Ety/380, X/ND4dad+pend

dae* [dˈɑɛ] n. shadow ◇ Ety/354, S/430

daedelu [dˈɑɛdɛlu] n. canopy ◇ Ety/391dae+telu

daen [dˈɑɛn] n. corpse ◇ Ety/375

daer* I [dˈɑɛr] adj. great ◇ UT/450, WJ/187, WJ/335, VT/42:11

daer* II [dˈɑɛr] (doer) n. bridegroom ◇ Ety/375, X/OE

dâf [dˈɑːv] n. permission ◇ Ety/353

dag- [dˈɑg] v. to slay ◈ dangen pp.degi v. inf.

dagnir* [dˈɑgnir] n. 1. slayer ○ 2. by ext. bane ◇ S/430dag-+dîr

dagor* [dˈɑgr̩] (dagr) n. battle ◇ Ety/375, S/430dagorath* n. coll.

dagorath* [dˈɑgɔrɑθ] n. coll. of dagor, all the battles ◇ UT/395-396

dagrdagor

dagra- [dˈɑgrɑ] v. to battle ◈ dagro v. inf.

dagro [dˈɑgrɔ] v. inf. of dagra-, to battle ◇ Ety/375

dalathtalath

dalftalf I

dalwtalu

dam [dˈɑm] n. hammer ◇ Ety/375

dambeth* [dˈɑmbɛθ] n. answer, response ◇ PM/395In Tolkien's manuscript, this form was rejected in favor of dangweth, with a slightly different meaning. However, it must be assumed that the word is valid per sedan+peth "back word"

damma- (corr. damna) [dˈɑmmɑ] pa. t. dammant (corr. dammint) [dˈɑmmant] v. to hammer ◇ Ety/375, VT/45:37It was long considered that damna-, dammint might have been a misreading. VT/45:37 confirms this, though the reading is actually uncertain

dammant pa. t. of damma-

dan* [dɑn] prep. 1. against ○ 2. etym. back ◇ LotR/II:IV

dangen [dˈɑŋgɛn] pp. of dag-, slain ◇ Ety/375

dangweth* [dˈɑŋgwɛθ] n. answer, reply giving new information ◇ PM/395OS *ndanagwetʰa "back report"

danna-* [dˈɑnnɑ] pa. t. dant* [dˈɑnt] v. to fall ◇ Ety/354, X/ZWritten dant- in the Etymologiesdannen pp.

dannen [dˈɑnnɛn] pp. of danna-, fallen ◇ Ety/354

dant* I [dˈɑnt] n. fall ◇ MR/373

dant* II pa. t. of danna-

danwaith* [dˈɑnwɑjθ] n. Pop. the Nandor (a tribe of Elves) ◇ WJ/385dan+gwaith

danwedh* [dˈɑnwɛð] n. ransom ◇ S/384dan+gwedh

dar- [dˈɑr] v. to stay, wait, stop, remain ◈ daro* v. imp.deri v. inf.

daro* [dˈɑrɔ] v. imp. of dar-, halt! stop! ◇ Ety/353, LotR/II:VI

dartha- [dˈɑrθɑ] v. to wait, stay, last, endure, remain ◇ Ety/353, VT/45:8

dath [dˈɑθ] n. hole, pit ◇ Ety/354

daug [dˈɑug] n. warrior, soldier (chiefly used of orcs) ◇ Ety/375

daul pa. t. Arch. of doltha-

daur* [dˈɑur] n. 1. pause, stop ○ 2. by ext. league (about 3 miles) ◇ UT/279, UT/285

daw [dˈɑw] n. night-time, gloom ◇ Ety/354

degi [dˈɛgi] v. inf. of dag-, to slay ◇ Ety/375

del [ˈdɛl̡] n. fear, disgust, loathing, horror ◇ Ety/355

deleb [dˈɛlɛb] adj. horrible, abominable, loathsome ◇ Ety/355

delia- [dˈɛli.ɑ] v. to conceal ◈ delio v. inf.

delio [dˈɛli.ɔ] (dœlio) v. inf. of delia-, to conceal ◇ Ety/355

delos [dˈɛlɔs] (deloth) n. abhorrence, detestation, loathing ◇ Ety/355del+gos

delothdelos

delu* [dˈɛlu] (delw) adj. hateful, deadly, fell ◇ Ety/355, X/W

delwdelu

dem [dˈɛm] adj. sad, gloomy ◇ Ety/354No language indication in the Etymologies, but Noldorin from context and phonological evidence

den* soft mut. of ten

denwaith* [dˈɛnwɑjθ] n. the Nandor (a tribe of Elves), the people of Denwe ◇ WJ/385Den(we)+gwaith

deren pl. of doron

deri [dˈɛri] v. inf. of dar-, to stay, wait, stop, remain ◇ Ety/353

dess [dˈɛss] n. f. young woman ◇ Ety/375

di-* [di] pref. beneath, under ← di-nguruthos LotR/IV:X, RGEO/72, Letters/278, VT/45:37The only known usage of this word is as prefix, but VT/45:37 lists it as a unitary word di

di* soft mut. of ti

[dˈiː] n. f. Poet. woman, lady ◇ Ety/352, Ety/354

díhena-* [dˈiːhɛnɑ] v. to forgive (with matter forgiven as object?) ◇ VT/44:29See also gohena-díheno* v. imp.díhenam* v. 1st pl.

dihenam* → díhenam

díhenam* [dˈiːhɛnɑm] (dihenam*) v. 1st pl. of díhena-, we forgive ◇ VT/44:22,29In Tolkien's manuscript, the form dihenam was rejected in favor of gohenam

díheno* [dˈiːhɛnɔ] v. imp. of díhena-, forgive! ◇ VT/44:21,28

dîl [dˈiːl] n. stopper, stopping, stuffing ◇ Ety/354

dilia- [dˈili.ɑ] pa. t. diliant [dˈili.ɑnt] v. to stop up ◇ Ety/354, VT/45:9dilio v. inf.

diliant pa. t. of dilia-

dilio [dˈili.ɔ] v. inf. of dilia-, to stop up ◇ Ety/354

dîn* I [dˈiːn] n. silence ◇ S/430, LB/354Adjectival use seems to be attested in several place names (Amon Dín "Silent Hill", etc.), though an adjective dínen is also attested

dîn II [dˈiːn] n. opening, gap, pass in mountains ◇ Ety/354

dîn* III soft mut. of tîn

dínen* [dˈiːnɛn] adj. silent ◇ S/430, WJ/194

dineth [dˈinɛθ] n. bride ◇ Ety/377-378dî+neth

dîr [dˈiːr] n. m. Arch. man, referring to an adult male (elf, mortal, or of any other speaking race) ◇ Ety/354, Ety/352

diriel* soft mut. of tiriel

díriel* soft mut. of tíriel

dírnaith* [dˈiːrnɑjθ] n. Mil. a military wedge-formation launched over a short distance against an enemy massing but not yet arrayed, or against a defensive formation on open ground ◇ UT/282dîr+naith "man spearhead"

dîs [dˈiːs] n. f. bride ◇ Ety/352, Ety/375

doerdaer II

dofn [dˈɔvn] adj. gloomy ◇ Ety/355

dol* → dôl

dôl [dˈɔːl] (dol*) n. 1. head ○ 2. by ext. hill or mountain ◇ Ety/376, S/430

dolen [dˈɔlɛn] pp. of doltha-, concealed, hidden ◇ Ety/355

dœliodelio

doll [dˈɔll] (dolt) adj. dark, dusky, obscure ◇ Ety/355, Ety/376, X/LD

dolothen* soft mut. of tolothen

dolt Idoll

dolt II [dˈɔlt] pl. dylt [dˈylt] n. round knob, boss ◇ Ety/376

doltha- [dˈɔlθɑ] pa. t. Arch. daul [dˈɑul] v. to conceal ◇ Ety/355dolen pp.

donn [dˈɔnn] adj. swart, swarthy ◇ Ety/355, X/ND1

dor* → dôr

dôr* [dˈɔːr] (dor*) n. land, dwelling-place, region where certain people live ◇ Ety/376, S/430, WJ/413, Letters/417, VT/45:38The form dor in the Etymologies is a misreading, see VT/45. In composition and in toponyms, the word is nevertheless reduced to Dor

dorn* [dˈɔrn] adj. stiff, tough ◇ WJ/413

dornhoth* [dˈɔrn.hɔθ] n. class pl. "the thrawn folk", dwarves ◇ WJ/388dorn+hoth

doron [dˈɔrɔn] pl. deren (dœrœn) n. Bot. oak ◇ Ety/355, VT/45:11

dœrœin pl. of doronderen

dortha- [dˈɔrθɑ] v. to dwell, stay ◈ dortho v. inf.

dortho [dˈɔrθɔ] v. inf. of dortha-, to dwell, stay ◇ Ety/376

drafn [drˈɑvn] adj. hewn ◇ Ety/354

dram* [drˈɑm] (dramm, dramb) n. heavy stroke, a blow (of axe, etc.) ◇ Ety/354, X/MB

drambdram

drambor [drˈɑm.bɔr] n. 1. clenched fist ○ 2. by ext. blow with fist ◇ Ety/354dram+paur

drammdram

drammen pa. t. of drava-

drann* soft mut. of trann

drannail* soft mut. of trannail

draug* [drˈɑug] n. Zool. wolf ◇ Ety/354, S/430

drava- [drˈɑvɑ] pa. t. drammen [drˈɑmmɛn] v. to hew ◇ Ety/354dravo v. inf.

dravo [drˈɑvɔ] v. inf. of drava-, to hew ◇ Ety/354

drega-* [drˈɛgɑ] v. to flee ◈ Only the imperative drego is attested. Therefore, the verb may also be dreg- (inf. dregi)drego* v. imp.

drego* [drˈɛgɔ] v. imp. of drega-, flee! ◇ UT/65

dring* [drˈiŋ] n. hammer ← Glamdring H, Ety/355

dringa- [drˈiŋgɑ] v. to beat ◈ dringo v. inf.

dringo [drˈiŋgɔ] v. inf. of dringa-, to beat ◇ Ety/355

drû* [drˈuː] pl. drúin* [drˈuː.in] n. wild man, wose, púkel-man ◇ UT/385In PE/11:31, an older Gnomish word drû, drui meant "wood, forest", and in PE/13:142, the early Noldorin word drú was assigned the meaning "dark". Drû pl. Drúin later came to be used for the name of the Woses, with other derivatives (Drúadan, etc.). "Wose" is actually the modernization of an Anglo-Saxon word wasa only found in the compound wudu-wasa "wild man of the woods", cf. UT/385 sq. In the drafts of the "Ride of the Rohirrim" in WR/343-346, the Woses first appear as "the dark men of Eilenach". Though internally said to derive from drughu in their own tongue, Tolkien's choice for the Sindarin name of the Woses was apparently influenced by earlier meanings assigned to this word MS *druγ, Dr druγudrúath* n. coll.

drúadan* [drˈuːɑdɑn] pl. drúedain* [drˈuːɛdɑjn] n. Pop. wild man, one of the Woses ◇ UT/385drû+adan

drúath* [drˈuːɑθ] n. coll. of drû, Pop. the people of the Drû (q.v.), the Woses ◇ UT/385

drúedain* pl. of drúadan

drúin* pl. of drû

drúnos* [drˈuːnɔs] n. a family of the Drû-folk (q.v.) ◇ UT/385drû+nos(s)

drúwaith* [drˈuːwɑjθ] n. the wilderness of the Drû-men (q.v.) ◇ UT/385drû+gwaith

* [dˈuː] n. nightfall, late evening, night, dimness ◇ Ety/354, S/430, VT/45:9dúath* n. coll.

dúath* [dˈuːɑθ] (dúwath) n. coll. of , 1. darkness, shadow ○ 2. nightshade ◇ Ety/354, S/430Either the collective plural of , or a compound dû+gwath "night shade" (hence dúwath)

duin* [dˈujn] n. (long and large) river ◇ S/430, LotR/F, TC/179

duir* pl. of dûr

dúlin* → dúlinn

dúlinddúlinn

dúlinn [dˈuːlinn] (dúlind, dúlin*) n. Orn. nightingale ◇ Ety/354, Ety/369, S/430, X/ND4dû+lind "dusk singer"

dûn* [dˈuːn] n. west ◇ Ety/376, S/428, LotR/E-F

dúnadan* [dˈuːnɑdɑn] pl. dúnedain* [dˈuːnɛdɑjn] n. man of the west, Númenórean ◇ LotR/I:XII, WJ/378, S/390dûn+adan

dúnedain* pl. of dúnadan

dúnedhel* [dˈuːnɛðɛl̡] pl. dúnedhil* [dˈunːɛðil̡] n. elf of the West, elf of Beleriand (including Noldor and Sindar) ◇ WJ/378dûn+edhel, OS *ndûnedelo

dúnedhil* pl. of dúnedhel

dûr* [dˈuːr] pl. duir* [dˈujr] adj. dark, sombre ◇ Ety/354, S/430, UT/434

dúven [dˈuːvɛn] pl. dúvin [dˈuːvin] adj. southern(?) ◇ Ety/376, VT/45:38

dúvin pl. of dúven

dúwathdúath

dylt pl. of dolt II

E

e* [ɛ] pron. he ◇ SD/129-31The meaning "he" is deduced from the apparent function of this word in the so-called "King's Letter", but it also seems possible to interpret it as "indeed" (as in Q. e, LR/63, VT/45:11), used here in a way of formal address expressing the wishes of the King

ebœnnin* pl. of abonnen

ech [ˈɛx] n. spine ◇ Ety/355, VT/45:12The Etymologies as published gloss this word as "spear", but the correct reading is provided in VT/45. See also egnas

echad- [ˈɛxɑd] pa. t. echant* [ˈɛxɑnt] v. to fashion, make ◈ echedi v. inf.

echad* [ˈɛxɑd] n. camp ◇ UT/431

echant* pa. t. of echad-

echedi [ˈɛxɛdi] v. inf. of echad-, to fashion, make ◇ Ety/363, LotR/II:IV

echil* [ˈɛxil̡] n. 1. follower ○ 2. by ext. human being ◇ WJ/219

echor* [ˈɛxɔr] n. outer circle, encircling, outer ring ◇ LotR/V:I, LotR/Index, S/430

echui* [ˈɛxuj] (echuiw) n. awakening ◇ Ety/366, S/429

echuir* [ˈɛxujr] n. Cal. a season, the beginning of spring ◇ LotR/D, SD/129-31Etym. "stirring"

echuiwechui

ecthel [ˈɛkθɛl̡] (egthel) n. point (of spear) ◇ Ety/388êg+thela "thorn-point"

ed- [ɛd] pref. forth, out ◇ Ety/356

edaib* pl. of adab

edaid* [ˈɛdɑjd] adj. double ◇ VT/42:26-27

edain* pl. of adan

edair* pl. of adar

edeb pl. of adabedaib

edeir pl. of adaredair

eden [ˈɛdɛn] adj. new, begun again ◇ Ety/349

edenedair* pl. of adanadar

eder pl. of adaredair

edhel* [ˈɛðɛl̡] pl. edhil* [ˈɛðil̡] n. elf ◇ Ety/356, S/430, WJ/363-364

edhelharn* [ɛðˈɛl̡hɑrn] n. elf-stone ◇ SD/128-129edhel+sarn

edhellen* [ɛðˈɛl̡lɛn] adj. elvish, of the Elves ◇ LotR/II:IV, RS/463edhel+-ren

edhil* pl. of edhel

edinaredinor

edinor* [ˈɛdinɑr] (edinar) n. anniversary day ◇ Ety/400, X/Zad+în+aur

edledhia-* [ɛdlˈɛði.ɑ] v. to go into exile ◈ edledhio* v. inf.

edledhio* [ɛdlˈɛði.ɔ] (egledhio (corr. eglehio), egledhi) v. inf. of edledhia-, go into exile ◇ Ety/368, X/TL

edledhron* [ɛdlˈɛðrɔn] (egledhron) n. exile (person who is exiled) ◇ Ety/368, X/TL

edlenn* [ˈɛdlɛnn] (eglenn) adj. exiled ◇ Ety/368, X/TL

edlothia-* [ɛdlˈɔθi.ɑ] v. to blossom, flower ← edlothiand WR/293, X/TLThe sentence from WR/293 is hardly legible and is not translated, but this word is however a plausible formedlothiad* ger.

edlothiad* [ɛdlˈɔθi.ɑd] ger. of edlothia-, blossoming, flowering ← edlothiand WR/293Actually, edlothiand might be a misreading, according to David Salo who checked the original manuscript at Marquette and reported that his reading was unmistakably edlothiad

edonna- [ɛdˈɔnnɑ] v. to beget ◇ Ety/379ed+*onna-

edra-* [ˈɛdrɑ] v. to open ◈ edro* v. imp.

edrain* [ˈɛdrɑjn] (edrein) n. border ◇ Ety/383, X/EIed+rain

edraith* [ˈɛdrɑjθ] n. saving ◇ LotR/II:IV, TI/175

edregol* [ˈɛdrɛgl̩] adv. in especial ◇ SD/129-31

edreinedrain

edro* [ˈɛdrɔ] v. imp. of edra-, open! ◇ Ety/357, LotR/II:IV

edwen* [ˈɛdwɛn] adj. num. second ◇ SD/129-31

êg [ˈɛːg] n. thorn ◇ Ety/355

egladhrim* [ɛglˈɑðrim] n. class pl. of eglan, "The Forsaken", Elves of the Falathrim ◇ WJ/189, WJ/365, WJ/379eglan+rim

eglain* pl. of eglan

eglan* [ˈɛglɑn] pl. eglain* [ˈɛglɑjn] n. and adj. 1. forsaken ○ 2. as a noun, an elf of the Falathrim ◇ WJ/365, WJ/379-380egladhrim* n. class pl.

eglath* [ˈɛglɑθ] n. coll. of egol, "The Forsaken", Elves of the Falathrim ◇ WJ/189, WJ/344

egledhiedledhio

egledhio (corr. eglehio) → edledhio

egledhronedledhron

eglennedlenn

egleria-* [ɛglˈɛri.ɑ] v. to glorify, to praise ◈ eglerio* v. imp.

eglerio* [ɛglˈɛri.ɔ] v. imp. of egleria-, glorify! praise! ◇ LotR/VI:IV, Letters/308

egnas [ˈɛgnɑs] n. 1. sharp point ○ 2. by ext. peak ◇ VT/45:12

ego* [ˈɛgɔ] interj. be off! ◇ WJ/365

egol* [ˈɛgl̩] n. someone forsaken, an elf of the Falathrim ← Eglath WJ/189, WJ/344eglath* n. coll.

egor* [ˈɛgɔr] conj. or ◇ SD/129-31

egthelecthel

eilianeiliant

eiliant [ˈɛjli.ɑnt] (eilianw, eilian) n. rainbow ◇ Ety/360, Ety/400See ianu and iant for a discussion"sky-bridge"

eilianweiliant

eilph* pl. of alph

einior* [ˈɛjni.ɔr] adj. elder ◇ PM/358an+iaur (?) "very, extremely old"

eirch pl. of orchyrch

eirien* [ˈɛjri.ɛn] n. Bot. daisy (flower) ◇ SD/129-31Q Arien "day-maiden" (AS1)

eitha-* [ˈɛjθɑ] v. 1. to prick with a sharp point, to stab ○ 2. by ext. to treat with scorn, insult ◇ WJ/365eithad* ger.

eithad* [ˈɛjθɑd] ger. of eitha-, insult ◇ WJ/365

eithel* [ˈɛjθɛl̡] pl. eithil* [ˈɛjθil̡] n. spring, issue of water, well ◇ Ety/363, S/430, S/433, WJ/85, TC/187

eithil* pl. of eithel

êl* [ˈɛːl] pl. elin* [ˈɛlin] n. Arch., Poet. star (little used except in verses) ◇ WJ/363, MR/373, RGEO/73, Letters/281elenath* n. coll.

elanor* [ˈɛlɑnɔr] n. Bot. a flower, a kind of enlarged pimpernel bearing golden and silver flowers ◇ LotR/VI:IX, UT/432, Letters/402êl+anor "star-sun"

elei pl. of ôl

elenath* [ˈɛlɛnɑθ] n. coll. of êl, starry host, all the host of the stars of heaven ◇ LotR/II:I, RGEO/73-75, WJ/363

elin* pl. of êl

elleth* [ˈɛl̡lɛθ] n. f. elf-maid ◇ WJ/148, WJ/256, WJ/363-364

ellon* [ˈɛl̡lɔn] n. m. elf ◇ WJ/363-364

elloth* [ˈɛl̡lɔθ] n. Bot. (single) flower ◇ VT/42:18er- + loth

elo* [ˈɛlɔ] interj. an exclamation of wonder, admiration, delight ◇ WJ/362

elu* [ˈɛlu] (elw) n. (pale) blue ◇ Ety/360, X/W

elvellon* [ɛl̡vˈɛl̡lɔn] pl. elvellyn* [ɛl̡vˈɛl̡lyn] n. elf-friend ◇ WJ/412

elvellyn* pl. of elvellon

elwelu

emelinemlin

emlin [ˈɛmlin] (emmelin, emelin) n. Orn. yellow bird ◇ Ety/386"yellow hammer"

emmelinemlin

emuin pl. of amonemyn

emyn* pl. of amon

en* [ɛn] art. of the (genitival article) ◇ LotR/VI:IV, Letters/308i+na (?)

enchui* [ˈɛnxuj] adj. num. sixth ◇ VT/42:25,27

ened* [ˈɛnɛd] (enedh) n. core, centre, middle ◇ Ety/356, Ety/376, UT/450, Letters/224, VT/41:12,16While the word is written enedh in the Etymologies, it seems that Tolkien considered and reconsidered its form throughout his life. Late rough jottings (c. 1968), as well as the text of letter no. 168 and the fact that the toponym Enedwaith was never changed on the LotR map, seems to imply that ened is the (most) definitive form. See also the possibly related preposition ned, which has been suggested to mean "in" (while again a prefix nedh- is seen in the Etymologies)

enedhened

eneg* [ˈɛnɛg] adj. num. six ◇ Ety/356, VT/42:25

eneth* [ˈɛnɛθ] n. name ◇ VT/44:21,24

enfeng* pl. of anfang

engrin* pl. of angren

ennas* [ˈɛnnɑs] adv. there, in that place ◇ SD/129-31

enni* [ˈɛnni] pron. to me ◇ VT/41:11See also animan+ni

ennin I [ˈɛnnin] n. Valian year ◇ Ety/400and+în "long year"

ennin* II pl. of onnen

ennor* [ˈɛnnɔr] n. central land, middle-earth ◇ LotR/E, X/ND2ennorath* n. coll.

ennorath* [ˈɛnnɔrɑθ] n. coll. of ennor, central lands, middle-earth ◇ LotR/E, LotR/II:I, RGEO/72-75

ennyn* pl. of annon

enyd* pl. of onod

ephedyn* pl. of aphadon

ephel* [ˈɛffɛl̡] n. outer fence, encircling fence ◇ S/436, LotR/Eet+pêl

er- [ɛr] pref. alone, one ◇ VT/42:19

erain* pl. of aran

erch I [ˈɛrx] n. prickle ◇ Ety/356

erch II pl. of orchyrch

ercha- [ˈɛrxɑ] v. to prick ◈ ercho v. inf.

erchamion* [ɛrxˈɑmi.ɔn] adj. one-handed ◇ WJ/51, WJ/231,

erchammui [ɛrxˈɑmmuj] (erchamui) adj. one-handed ◇ Ety/361, X/Z

erchamuierchammui

ercho [ˈɛrxɔ] v. inf. of ercha-, to prick ◇ Ety/356

ereb* [ˈɛrɛb] pl. erib* [ˈɛrib] adj. isolated, lonely ◇ Ety/356, S/431, UT/422, VT/42:10

ered* pl. of orod

eredh [ˈɛrɛð] n. seed, germ ◇ Ety/356

ereg* [ˈɛrɛg] pl. erig [ˈɛrig] n. Bot. holly-tree, thorn ◇ Ety/356, S/431

eregdos [ɛrˈɛgdɔs] n. Bot. holly, holly-tree ◇ Ety/356, Ety/379, Ety/395ereg+toss

ereid pl. of orodered

eria- [ˈɛri.ɑ] v. to rise ◈ erio v. inf.

erib* pl. of ereb

erig pl. of ereg

erin* [ɛrin] prep. on the ◇ SD/129-31or+i, MS *œrin

erio [ˈɛri.ɔ] v. inf. of eria-, to rise ◇ Ety/379

ernil* I [ˈɛrnil̡] pl. ernil* n. prince ◇ LotR/VI:IV, Letters/308, UT/428, RGEO/75

ernil* II pl. of ernil I

ernin* pl. of arnen

erphin* pl. of arphen

ertha-* [ˈɛrθɑ] v. to unite ← Aderthad S/409erthad* ger.

erthad* [ˈɛrθɑd] ger. of ertha-, union, uniting ← Aderthad S/409

eru [ˈɛru] n. waste, desert ◇ Ety/356

erui* [ˈɛruj] adj. 1. single, alone ○ 2. by ext. first (incorrect use by the Gondorians) ◇ TI/312, WR/436, VT/42:10The proper word for first in Sindarin was minui

eryd* pl. of orodered

eryn* [ˈɛryn] n. wood ◇ UT/436, LotR/BOS *oroni- (?), "trees", plural noun, used as a singular.

esgal* [ˈɛsgɑl] n. veil, screen, cover that hides ◇ S/431

esgeri [ˈɛsgɛri] v. inf. of osgar-, to cut round, to amputate ◇ Ety/379

espalass [ˈɛspɑlɑss] n. foaming, (?)fall (reading of gloss uncertain) ◇ Ety/381

essn. name ◇ [PJ-Movie]Inscription on Aeglos, Gil-galad's Spear, Official Movie Magazine #3 (source: Gwaith i Phethdain). Updated from Quenya essë. The correct Sindarin word, eneth, has been published since

esta-* [ˈɛstɑ] v. to name ← estathar SD/129-31estathar* v. 3rd pl.

estathar* [ˈɛstɑθɑr] v. 3rd pl. of esta-, (they) will name ◇ SD/129-31

estel* [ˈɛstɛl̡] n. hope, trust, a temper of mind, steady fixed in purpose, and difficult to dissuade and unlikely to fall into despair or abandon its purpose ◇ WJ/318-319, LotR/A(v), MR/320

estent* [ˈɛstɛnt] adj. (very?) short ◇ UT/146, WJ/311, WJ/315See also then and thent. The slash sign in minlamad thent/estent might indicate either variant forms of an adjective, or a sequence of two short verse units, possibly of alliterating half-lines, see Tolkien's Legendarium p. 122

estolad* [ˈɛstɔlɑd] n. encampment ◇ UT/77, S/396

ethir* I [ˈɛθir] n. mouth of river, estuary ◇ LotR/II:X, Ety/356ed+sîr "outflow"

ethir* II [ˈɛθir] n. spy ◇ S/379, UT/418ed+tirn "out-watcher"

ethraid* pl. of athrad

ethuil* [ˈɛθujl] n. Cal. season of spring ◇ LotR/D, SD/129-31

evair* [ˈɛvɑjr] n. pl. the Avari, a tribe of Elves ◇ WJ/380This plural name was known to the loremasters, but went out of daily use at the time of the Exile

F

faeg* [fˈɑɛg] (foeg) adj. mean, poor, bad ◇ Ety/387, X/OE

fael* I [fˈɑɛl] adj. fair minded, just, generous ◇ PM/352Etym. "having a good fëa"

fael* II [fˈɑɛl] n. gleaming brilliance (of the sun) ← Faelivrin LB/376, S/209-210

faen* [fˈɑɛn] (foen) adj. radiant, white ◇ Ety/381, X/OE

faer* [fˈɑɛr] n. spirit ◇ MR/349

fain* [fˈɑjn] (fein) adj. white ◇ Ety/387, WR/288, X/EI

fair* I [fˈɑjr] (feir*) pl. fîr* [fˈiːr] n. mortal ◇ Ety/381, WJ/387, X/EIQ firyafiriath* n. coll.

fair* II [fˈɑjr] (feir, fœir) n. right (hand) ◇ Ety/382

falas* [fˈɑlɑs] pl. felais* [fˈɛlɑjs] (feles) n. 1. beach, shore, line of surf ○ 2. as a proper noun, the western coast of Beleriand ◇ Ety/381, S/431, X/EI

falathren* [fɑlˈɑθrɛn] n. and adj. 1. of the shore ○ 2. Ling. as a noun, Shore-language (one of the names for Common Speech) ◇ Ety/381, PM/32, PM/55falas+-ren

falathrim* [fɑlˈɑθrim] n. class pl. people of the Falas ◇ WJ/378falas+rim

falch* [fˈɑlx] n. deep cleft, ravine ← Orfalch Echor UT/468

falf [fˈɑlv] n. foam, breaker ◇ Ety/381

faltha- [fˈɑlθɑ] v. to foam ◈ faltho v. inf.

faltho [fˈɑlθɔ] v. inf. of faltha-, to foam ◇ Ety/381

fân* [fˈɑːn] n. 1. veil ○ 2. by ext. cloud (applied to clouds, floating as veils over the blue sky or the sun or moon, or resting on hills) ◇ RGEO/74Q fana

fang [fˈɑŋ] n. beard ◇ Ety/387

fanui* [fˈɑnuj] adj. cloudy ◇ RGEO/74

far [fˈɑr] adj. or adv. sufficient, enough, quite ◇ Ety/381

fara- [fˈɑrɑ] v. to hunt ◈ faro v. inf.farad ger.

farad [fˈɑrɑd] ger. of fara-, hunting ← faradrim Ety/387

faradrim [fɑrˈɑdrim] n. class pl. of feredir, hunters ◇ Ety/387farad+rim

faras [fˈɑrɑs] n. hunting ◇ Ety/387

farn [fˈɑrn] adj. or adv. enough ◇ Ety/381

faro [fˈɑrɔ] v. inf. of fara-, to hunt ◇ Ety/387

faron [fˈɑrɔn] n. m. hunter ← Elfaron Ety/387

faroth* [fˈɑrɔθ] n. (?) hunter, (?) group of hunters ← Taur-en-Faroth S/431, Ety/387

fast [fˈɑst] n. shaggy hair ◇ Ety/381

faug [fˈɑug] n. thirsty ◇ Ety/381

faun [fˈɑun] n. cloud ◇ Ety/387

feinfain

feir* Ifair I

feir IIfair II

fela [fˈɛlɑ] pl. fili [fˈili] n. cave ◇ Ety/381

felais* pl. of falas

feles pl. of falasfelais

fen* [fˈɛn] (fend, fenn) n. door, threshold ◇ Ety/381, LotR/V:IV, WR/341, X/ND1

fendfen

fennfen

fennas* [fˈɛnnɑs] n. doorway, gateway ◇ LotR/II:IV, RS/463, RGEO/75

fêr [fˈɛːr] pl. ferin [fˈɛrin] n. Bot. beech-tree ◇ Ety/352, Ety/381

feredir [fˈɛrɛdˌir] n. hunter ◇ Ety/387farad+dîrfaradrim n. class pl.

ferin pl. of fêr

fern [fˈɛrn] pl. firn [fˈirn] n. and adj. 1. dead (of mortals) ○ 2. as a noun, dead person ◇ Ety/381

fileg [fˈilɛg] pl. filig [fˈilig] n. Orn. small bird ◇ Ety/381Singular formed by analogy

fili pl. of fela

filig pl. of fileg

filigod [fˈiligɔd] n. sing. of filig, Orn. small bird ◇ Ety/381

fim* [fˈim] adj. slim, slender ← Fimbrethil LotR/Index

fîn* [fˈiːn] (find*, finn-*) n. a tress ◇ PM/361-362

find* → fîn

findelfinnel

finn-* → fîn

finnel [fˈinnɛl̡] (findel) n. (braided) hair ◇ Ety/387, X/ND2

fîr* pl. of fair I

fíreb* [fˈiːrɛb] pl. fírib* [fˈiːrib] adj. mortal ◇ WJ/387fair+-eb

firen [fˈirɛn] adj. human ◇ Ety/381fair+-en (PHIR)

firiath* [fˈiri.ɑθ] n. coll. of fair I, mortals, human beings ◇ WJ/219, WJ/387

fírib* pl. of fíreb

firielfíriel

fíriel* [fˈiri.ɛl̡] (firiel) n. f. mortal maid ◇ Ety/382, PM/195, PM/232

firieth* [fˈiri.ɛθ] n. f. mortal woman ◇ WJ/387fair+-eth (PHIR)

firion* [fˈiri.ɔn] n. m. mortal man ◇ WJ/387

firith* [fˈiriθ] n. Cal. season of fading ◇ LotR/D

firn pl. of fern

flâd* [flˈɑːd] n. skin ← Fladrif LotR/E, TC/169, TC/173

flaewlhaew

fliwlhîw

flosslhoss

foegfaeg

foenfaen

fœirfair II

forgam [fˈɔrgɑm] adj. right-handed ◇ Ety/382fôr+cam

forn* [fˈɔrn] n. right, north ◇ Ety/382, UT/426, S/431

forod* [fˈɔrɔd] n. north ◇ Ety/382, S/431, LotR/E

forodren [fɔrˈɔdrɛn] adj. northern ◇ Ety/382forod+-ren (PHOR)

forodrim [fɔrˈɔdrim] n. class pl. northmen ◇ Ety/392forod+rim

forodwaith [fɔrˈɔdwɑjθ] (forodweith) n. pl. 1. northmen ○ 2. by ext. lands of the north ◇ Ety/382, Ety/398, X/EIforod+gwaith

forodweithforodwaith

forven [fˈɔrvɛn] n. north ◇ Ety/382fôr+mên

fuia- [fˈuj.ɑ] v. to feel disgust at, abhor ◈ fuio v. inf.

fuin* [fˈujn] n. night, dead of night, gloom, darkness ◇ Ety/354, Ety/382, S/431

fuio [fˈuj.ɔ] v. inf. of fuia-, to feel disgust at, abhor ◇ Ety/381

fuir* [fˈujr] adj. north ◇ VT/42:20

G

gad- [gˈɑd] v. to catch ◇ Ety/358gedi v. inf.

gador [gˈɑdr̩] (gadr) n. prison, dungeon ◇ Ety/358

gadrgador

gae [gˈɑɛ] n. dread ◇ Ety/358

gaear* [gˈɑɛ.ɑr] (oear) n. sea ◇ Ety/349, PM/363, RGEO/73

gaearon* [gˈɑɛ.ɑrɔn] (gaeron*) n. great sea, ocean ◇ PM/363, PM/348, RGEO/72-73

gael [gˈɑɛl] adj. pale, glimmering ◇ Ety/358

gaer I [gˈɑɛr] adj. dreadful ◇ Ety/358

gaer* II [gˈɑɛr] (goer) adj. red, copper-coloured, ruddy ◇ Ety/358, X/OE

gaer* III [gˈɑɛr] (oer) n. sea ◇ Ety/349, S/431, PM/363

gaeron* → gaearon

gaeruil* [gˈɑɛrujl] (oeruil) n. Bot. seaweed ← gaer PM/363, Ety/396gaer+uil

gail I [gˈɑjl] n. bright light ◇ Ety/362

gail* II pl. of gîlgeil

gal- [gɑl] pref. light ← galvorn, etc.

gala- [gˈɑlɑ] v. to grow ◈ galo v. inf.

galad* [gˈɑlɑd] n. light, radiance, glittering, reflection (from jewels, glass or polished metal, or water) ◇ VT/45:13, PM/347, Letters/425

galadh* [gˈɑlɑð] n. tree ◇ Ety/357, S/427, LotR/E, LB/354, RGEO/73, Letters/426

galadhremmen* [gˌɑlɑð.rˈɛmmɛn] pl. galadhremmin* [gˌɑlɑð.rˈɛmmin] adj. tree-woven, tree-tangled ◇ LotR/E, LotR/II:I, RGEO/72galadh+remmen

galadhremmin* pl. of galadhremmen

galadhrim* [gɑlˈɑðrim] n. class pl. Elves of Lothlórien ◇ LotRgaladh+rim "people of the trees"

galas [gˈɑlɑs] n. growth, plant ◇ Ety/357

galenas* [gˈɑlɛnɑs] n. Bot. pipe-weed (leaf) or "westmansweed", a variety of Nicotiana ◇ LotR/V:VIII

galo [gˈɑlɔ] v. inf. of gala-, to grow ◇ Ety/357

galu* [gˈɑlu] (galw) n. (?) blessings, (?) blessedness, (?) good fortune(?) (meaning not entirely clear) ◇ Ety/357, X/W

galvorn* [gˈɑlvɔrn] n. a black metal devised by the dark elf Eol ◇ WJ/322-323, S/398gal-+morn

galwgalu

gammas [gˈɑmmɑs] n. Ling. s-sign (special sign used to mark a final -s in Tengwar) ◇ VT/45:14

gamp [gˈɑmp] n. hook, claw ◇ Ety/357

gandelgannel

ganna- [gˈɑnnɑ] v. to play a harp ◈ ganno v. inf.

gannada- [gˈɑnnɑdɑ] v. to play a harp ◈ gannado v. inf.

gannado [gˈɑnnɑdɔ] v. inf. of gannada-, to play a harp ◇ Ety/377

gannel [gˈɑnnɛl̡] (gandel) n. harp ◇ Ety/377, X/ND2

ganno [gˈɑnnɔ] v. inf. of ganna-, to play a harp ◇ Ety/377

gar- [gˈɑr] v. to hold, have ◈ garo v. inf.gerin v. 1st

garaf [gˈɑrɑv] n. wolf ◇ Ety/377

gardh* [gˈɑrð] n. 1. bounded or defined region ○ 2. by ext. world ◇ WJ/402

garn [gˈɑrn] n. own, property ◇ Ety/360

garo [gˈɑrɔ] v. inf. of gar-, to hold, have ◇ Ety/360

garth [gˈɑrθ] n. fort, fortress ◇ Ety/360

gas [gˈɑs] n. hole, gap ◇ Ety/357

gasdil [gˈɑsdil̡] n. Ling. "stopgap", name of a diacritic sign used to indicate that g had been lenited to zero ◇ Ety/354, Ety/357gas+dîl

gath [gˈɑθ] n. cavern ◇ Ety/358

gathrod [gˈɑθrɔd] n. cave ◇ Ety/358gath+grôd (GAT(H))

gaud [gˈɑud] n. device, contrivance, machine ◇ Ety/358

gaul [gˈɑul] n. wolf-howl ◇ Ety/377

gaur [gˈɑur] n. werewolf ◇ Ety/377gaurhoth* n. class pl.

gaurhoth* [gˈɑur.hɔθ] n. class pl. of gaur, group of werewolves ◇ LotR/II:IVgaur+hoth "wolf-host"

gaurwaith* [gˈɑur.wɑjθ] n. wolf-men ◇ UT/85, UT/90gaur+gwaith

gaw-gawa-

gaw [gˈɑw] n. void ◇ Ety/358

gawa- [gˈɑwɑ] (gaw-) v. to howl ◇ Ety/377, X/Zgawad ger.

gawad [gˈɑwɑd] ger. of gawa-, howling ◇ Ety/377

gedi [gˈɛdi] v. inf. of gad-, to catch ◇ Ety/358

geil (corr. gîl) pl. of gîl

geleidh pl. of golodhgelydh

gelir* [gˈɛlir] n. merry, happy, gay person ◇ SD/129-31

gell [gˈɛl̡l] n. joy, triumph ◇ Ety/359

gellam [gˈɛl̡lɑm] n. jubilation ◇ Ety/359gell+glam (GJEL)

gellui [gˈɛl̡luj] adj. triumphant ◇ Ety/359

gelydh* pl. of golodh

gem [gˈɛm] (gemb) adj. sickly ◇ Ety/358

gembgem

genedia-* [gɛnˈɛdi.ɑ] v. to reckon ← genediad SD/129-31genediad* ger.

genediad* [gɛnˈɛdi.ɑd] ger. of genedia-, 1. reckoning ○ 2. by ext. calendar ◇ SD/129-31

gerin [gˈɛrin] v. 1st of gar-, I hold, I have ◇ Ety/360

gerir* soft mut. of cerir

gern [gˈɛrn] adj. worn, old, decripit (used of things only) ◇ Ety/360

gil* → gîl

gîl (corr. geil) [gˈiːl] (gil*) pl. geil (corr. gîl) (gail*) n. star, bright spark ◇ Ety/358, LotR/E, S/431, RGEO/73, X/EIgiliath n. coll.

gildin [gˈil̡din] n. silver spark ◇ Ety/393gîl+tinu

gilgalad [gˈil̡.gɑlɑd] n. starlight ◇ Ety/358gîl+calad (GIL)

giliath [gˈili.ɑθ] n. coll. of gîl, all the host of stars ◇ Ety/358

gir- [gˈir] v. to shudder ◈ giri v. inf.

giri [gˈiri] v. inf. of gir-, to shudder ◇ Ety/358

girith* [gˈiriθ] n. shuddering, horror ◇ Ety/358, S/431

girithron* [girˈiθrɔn] n. Cal. december (month) ◇ LotR/D

glad* [glˈɑd] n. wood ← Methed-en-Glad UT/452

gladha-* [glˈɑðɑ] v. to laugh ← gladh- PM/359

glaer [glˈɑɛr] n. long lay, narrative poem ◇ Ety/359Written glær (with ae-ligature) in the Etymologies

glaew [glˈɑɛw] n. salve ◇ Ety/369

glam* [glˈɑm] (glamm*, glamb*) n. 1. barbarous speech, shouting, confused noise ○ 2. din, uproar, the confused yelling and bellowing of beasts ○ 3. by ext. as a coll. noun, any body of orcs ◇ Ety/358, Ety/377, WJ/390, WJ/416glamhoth* n. class pl.glamog* n. sing.

glamb* → glam

glambrglamor

glamhoth* [glˈɑm.hɔθ] n. class pl. barbaric host of Orcs ◇ Ety/358, Ety/364, Ety/377, UT/39, UT/54, WJ/390glam+hoth "the dinhorde, the yelling horde"

glamm* → glam

glamog* [glˈɑmɔg] n. sing. of glam, an Orc, "a yelling one" ◇ WJ/390

glamor [glˈɑmr̩] (glambr) n. echo ◇ Ety/358

glamren [glˈɑmrɛn] adj. echoing ◇ Ety/358

glân* I [glˈɑːn] adj. bright, shining white ← Curunír 'Lân UT/390The word is deduced from its mutated form, but it is worth mentioning that a stem GALÁN "bright", with glan "daylight" and later "clear" as derivative, is listed in the Etymologies (not included in the published text), see VT/45:13. Most of the words meaning "white" in the Indo-Eureopean languages come from the original notion of "brightness", e.g. Greek leukós "white" is cognate with Latin lucere "to shine", lux "light". This association of sense is also found in Gnomish, PE11:39 (glan "clean, pure", from "bright" originally) and in Early Noldorin (PE13:144, glann "clean"). The similarity with Welsh glan (where the vowel, incidentally, is long, which is concealed by Welsh orthographic convention) is also striking

glân* II [glˈɑːn] n. hem, border (of textile and other hand-made things) ◇ VT/42:8

gland* [glˈɑnd] (glann*) n. boundary ← Glanduin, Glanhír UT/264, UT/318, UT/441, VT/42:8

glandagol* [glˈɑndɑgɔl] n. boundary mark ◇ VT/42:8gland+tagol

glann* → gland

glasglass

glass [glˈɑss] (glas) n. joy ◇ Ety/357

glaur [glˈɑur] (glor-) n. Theo. golden light (of the golden tree Laurelin) ◇ Ety/358, Ety/368

glavra- [glˈɑvrɑ] v. to babble ◈ glavro v. inf.glavrol part.

glavro [glˈɑvrɔ] v. inf. of glavra-, to babble ◇ Ety/358

glavrol [glˈɑvrɔl] part. of glavra-, babbling ◇ Ety/358

glaw [glˈɑw] n. radiance ◇ Ety/362

glawar [glˈɑwɑr] n. Theo. sunlight, radiance (of the golden tree Laurelin) ◇ Ety/368, VT/45:15

gleina-* [glˈɛjnɑ] v. to bound, enclose, limit ◇ VT/42:8, VT/42:28This entry should perhaps read gleinia-, cf. VT/42:28, note 13

glî [glˈiː] n. honey ◇ Ety/369

glîn* [glˈiːn] (glînn*) n. gleam, glint (usually of fine slender but bright shafts of light; particularly applied to light of eyes) ◇ WJ/337, S/431

gling [glˈiŋ] n. hang, dangle ◇ Ety/359, Ety/369

glînn* → glîn

glinna-* [glˈinnɑ] (glintha-*) n. to glance at ◇ WJ/337, X/ZThe form glintha- is theorically impossible in Sindarin, and can only be regarded as an (earlier) Old Sindarin form: according to our current understanding of the Sindarin phonology, it should evolve into glinna-

glinnel* [glˈinnɛl̡] pl. glinnil* [glˈinnil̡] n. elf, one of the Teleri ◇ WJ/378, WJ/385glind("teleri")+el

glinnil* pl. of glinnel

glintha-* → glinna-

glîr [glˈiːr] n. song, poem, lay ◇ Ety/359

glir- [glˈir] v. to sing, trill, to recite a poem ◈ gliri v. inf.

gliri (corr. glin) [glˈiri] v. inf. of glir-, to sing, trill, to recite a poem ◇ Ety/359, Ety/369

glithui* [glˈiθuj] adj. (unknown meaning) ◇ UT/448, WJ/182, WJ/186

glor-glaur

gloss* [glˈɔss] adj. snow-white, dazzling-white ◇ Ety/359, RGEO/70, VT/42:18

glûdh (corr. glúdh) [glˈuːð] n. soap ◇ Ety/369

go- [gɔ] pref. together ◇ Ety/399, WJ/367

gobel [gˈɔbɛl̡] n. walled house or village, town ◇ Ety/380

gobennas [gɔbˈɛnnɑs] n. history ◇ Ety/366go-+pennas

gobennathren [gˌɔbɛnnˈɑθrɛn] adj. historical ◇ Ety/366gobennath+-ren

gódhel* [gˈɔːðɛl̡] pl. gódhil* [ˈgɔːðil̡] n. "deep elf" or "gnome", one of the wise folk ◇ WJ/364, WJ/379go(lodh)+ódhel, or OS *wådelogódhellim* n. class pl.

gódhellim* [gɔːðˈɛl̡lim] n. class pl. of gódhel, "deep Elves" or "gnomes", the wise folk ◇ WJ/364gódhel+rim

gódhil* pl. of gódhel

godrebhgodref

godref [gˈɔdrɛv] (godrebh) adv. through together ◇ TAI/150go-+tre-+be, OS *wotrebe, CE *wo-tere-be (?)

goe* [gˈɔɛ] n. terror, great fear ◇ PM/363

goen* pl. of gwaun

goeol* [gˈɔɛ.ɔl] adj. dreadful, terrifying ◇ PM/363

goergaer II

gohena-* [gˈɔhɛnɑ] v. to forgive (with person forgiven as object?) ◇ VT/44:29See also díhena-gohenam* v. 1st pl.

gohenam* [gˈɔhɛnɑm] v. 1st pl. of gohena-, we forgive ◇ VT/44:21,29

golf [gˈɔlv] n. branch ◇ Ety/359

goll [gˈɔll] adj. wise ◇ Ety/377

gollor [gˈɔllɔr] n. magician ◇ Ety/377

golodh* [gˈɔlɔð] pl. gelydh* [gˈɛlyð] (gœlydh*, gœlœidh, geleidh) n. "deep elf" or "gnome", one of the wise folk ◇ Ety/377, S/431, WJ/364golodhrim* n. class pl.

golodhrim* [gɔlˈɔðrim] n. class pl. of golodh, deep Elves, gnomes ◇ Ety/377, WJ/323golodh+rim

gœlœidh pl. of golodhgelydh

golwen [gˈɔlwɛn] adj. wise, learned in deep arts ◇ Ety/377

gœlydh* pl. of golodhgelydh

goloth* [gˈɔlɔθ] n. Bot. inflorescence, a head of small flowers ◇ VT/42:18

gonathra- [gɔnˈɑθrɑ] v. to entangle, enmesh ◇ Ety/375

gonathras [gɔnˈɑθrɑs] n. entanglement ◇ Ety/375

gond* [gˈɔnd] (gonn) n. great stone, rock ◇ Ety/359, S/431, X/ND1

gondrafn [gˈɔndrɑvn] n. hewn stone ◇ Ety/354gond+drafn

gondram [gˈɔndrɑm] n. hewn stone ◇ Ety/354gond+drafn

gondren* [gˈɔndrɛn] adj. (made) of stone ← Toll-ondren TI/268, TI/287

gonngond

gonod- [gˈɔnɔd] v. to count, count up, reckon, sum up ◇ Ety/378, Ety/399

gorf [gˈɔrv] n. impetus, vigour ◇ Ety/359

gorgor* [gˈɔrgɔr] n. extreme horror ◇ WJ/415

gorn I [gˈɔrn] adj. impetuous ◇ Ety/359

gorn* II [gˈɔrn] n. valor ← Aragorn PM/xii

gorog* [gˈɔrɔg] n. horror ◇ WJ/415

goroth [gˈɔrɔθ] n. horror ◇ Ety/377

gorth* [gˈɔrθ] n. horror ◇ WJ/415

gorthad* [gˈɔrθɑd] pl. gœrthaid* [gˈɛrθɑjd] n. barrow ◇ LotR/A(iii), PM/194gorth+-sad "place of the dead"

gœrthaid* pl. of gorthad

gortheb (corr. gorthob) * [gˈɔrθɛb] adj. horrible ◇ WJ/415

gost [gˈɔst] n. dread ◇ Ety/359

gosta- [gˈɔstɑ] v. to fear exceedingly ◇ Ety/359

govad-* [gˈɔvɑd] v. to meet ← mae govannen LotR/I:XII, Letters/308Etym. "to walk together"govannen* pp.

govannasn. fellowship ◇ [PJ-Movie]Dialogs: Lórien Dialog II, FotR DVD extended version (source: Gwaith i Phethdain)

govannen* [gɔvˈɑnnɛn] pp. of govad-, met ◇ LotR/I:XII, Letters/308

gowest [gˈɔwɛst] n. contract, compact, treaty ◇ Ety/399go-+gwest

graug* → raug

groga-* [grˈɔgɑ] v. to feel terror ◇ WJ/415

grond [grˈɔnd] n. club ◇ Ety/384, X/ND1

groth* [grˈɔθ] n. 1. large excavation ○ 2. delving, underground dwelling ◇ WJ/415, S/431

gruin [grˈujn] adj. ruddy ◇ Ety/384

gruitha-* [grˈujθɑ] v. to terrify ◇ WJ/415

gûdn. foe ◇ [PJ-Movie]Inscription on Aragorn's Hunting Knife and Glamdring, Official Movie Magazine #2 (source: Gwaith i Phethdain)

guin pl. of gwaungoen

gûl* [gˈuːl] n. 1. magic lore, long study (being used mostly of secret knowledge, especially such as possessed by artificers who made wonderful things) ○ 2. by ext. perverted or evil knowledge, sorcery, necromancy ◇ Ety/377, S/432, MR/350, WJ/383

guldur* [gˈuldur] n. (dark) sorcery ◇ gûl+dûr

gûr* I [gˈuːr] n. heart (in the moral sense), counsel ◇ VT/41:11,15

gûr II [gˈuːr] n. death ◇ Ety/377

guren* [gˈurɛn] n. my heart ◇ VT/41:11Apparently the word gûr I with a suffixed possessive. See lammen for a similar formgûr+-en

gurth* [gˈurθ] n. death ◇ S/432, UT/39, UT/54

guruth [gˈuruθ] n. death ◇ Ety/377

guruthos* [gˈuruθɔs] n. the shadow of death, death-horror ← di-nguruthos LotR/IV:X, RGEO/72, Letters/278

gwa-* [gwɑ] pref. Arch. together (only in old compounds, the living form is go-) ◇ Ety/399, WJ/367

gwachaedir* [gwɑxˈɑɛdir] n. seeing-stone, palantír ← Gwahaedir PM/186gwa-+hae+tirn

gwador [gwˈɑdɔr] pl. gwedeir n. m. brother (especially used of those not brothers by blood, but sworn brothers or associates) ◇ Ety/394

gwaedh [gwˈɑɛð] n. bond, troth, compact, oath ◇ Ety/397

gwael* [gwˈɑɛl] n. Orn. gull ◇ WJ/418

gwaen* [gwˈɑɛn] adj. stained ← Agarwaen S/378

gwaeren* [gwˈɑɛrɛn] adj. windy ◇ VT/42:15

gwaeron* [gwˈɑɛrɔn] n. Cal. march (month) ◇ LotR/D

gwaew [gwˈɑɛw] n. wind

gwain* [gwˈɑjn] pl. gwîn* [gwˈiːn] adj. new ← Narwain (Narvinyë) LotR/D, Cf. Ety/399

gwaith* [gwˈɑjθ] n. 1. troop of able-bodied men, people ○ 2. by ext. region, wilderness ◇ Ety/398

gwaloth [gwˈɑlɔθ] n. Bot. blossom, collection of flowers ◇ Ety/370gwa-+loth

gwanath [gwˈɑnɑθ] n. death (act of dying, not death as a state or abstract) ◇ Ety/397

gwann [gwˈɑnn] adj. departed, dead ◇ Ety/397

gwanna- [gwˈɑnnɑ] v. to depart, die ◈ gwanno v. inf.

gwanno [gwˈɑnnɔ] v. inf. of gwanna-, to depart, die ◇ Ety/397

gwanod [gwˈɑnɔd] n. tale, number ◇ Ety/378

gwanu* [gwˈɑnu] (gwanw) n. death (act of dying, not death as a state or abstract) ◇ Ety/397, X/W

gwanûn* [gwˈɑnuːn] n. a pair of twins ◇ WJ/367

gwanunig* [gwˈɑnunig] n. sing. of gwanûn, a twin (one of a pair of twins) ◇ WJ/367

gwanur [gwˈɑnur] n. 1. a pair of twins ○ 2. brother or kinsman, kinswoman ◇ Ety/378, Ety/392, LotR/A(iv)

gwanwgwanu

gwarth [gwˈɑrθ] n. betrayer ◇ Ety/397

gwass [gwˈɑss] n. stain ◇ Ety/397

gwastar [gwˈɑstɑr] n. hummock ◇ Ety/388, Ety/399gwa-+thâr

gwath* [gwˈɑθ] n. 1. shade, shadow, dim light ○ 2. stain ◇ Ety/397, S/432

gwatha- [gwˈɑθɑ] v. to soil, stain ◈ gwatho v. inf.

gwathel [gwˈɑθɛl̡] pl. gwethil [gwˈɛθil̡] n. f. sister, associate ◇ Ety/392

gwatho [gwˈɑθɔ] v. inf. of gwatha-, to soil, stain ◇ Ety/397

gwathra-* [gwˈɑθrɑ] v. to overshadow, dim, veil, obscure ◇ VT/42:9

gwathren* [gwˈɑθrɛn] pl. gwethrin* [gwˈɛθrin] adj. shadowy, dim ← Ered Wethrin S/432, VT/42:9

gwathui* [gwˈɑθuj] adj. shadowy ← Gwathuirim PM/330

gwathuirim* [gwɑθˈujrim] n. class pl. Pop. The Dunlendings or People of Dunland ◇ PM/330gwathui+rim "shadowy people"

gwaun [gwˈɑun] pl. goen* [gˈɔɛn] (guin) n. Orn. goose ◇ Ety/397, X/Z

gwaur [gwˈɑur] n. soiled, dirty ◇ Ety/397

gwedeir pl. of gwador

gwedh- [gwˈɛð] pa. t. gwedhant [gwˈɛðɑnt] (gwend, gwenn) v. to bind ◇ Ety/397, X/ND1gwedhi (corr. gwedi) v. inf.

gwedh [gwˈɛð] n. bond ◇ Ety/397

gwedhant pa. t. of gwedh-

gwedhi (corr. gwedi) [gwˈɛði] v. inf. of gwedh-, to bind ◇ Ety/397, X/ND1

gwelu* [gwˈɛlu] (gwelw) n. air (as substance) ◇ Ety/398, X/W

gwelwgwelu

gwelwen [gwˈɛl̡wɛn] n. air, lower air (distinct from the upper air of the stars, or the outer) ◇ Ety/398gwelu+men

gwend I pa. t. of gwedh-gwedhant

gwend II [gwˈɛnd] n. bond, friendship ◇ Ety/397-398, X/ND1

gwend III [gwˈɛnd] (gwenn) n. f. maiden ◇ Ety/398, X/ND1

gweneth [gwˈɛnɛθ] n. virginity ◇ Ety/398

gwenn I pa. t. of gwedh-gwedhant

gwenn IIgwend III

gwenyn* [gwˈɛnyn] n. pl. twins ◇ PM/353, PM/365

gweria- [gwˈɛri.ɑ] v. to betray, cheat ◈ gwerio v. inf.

gwerio [gwˈɛri.ɔ] v. inf. of gweria-, to betray, cheat ◇ Ety/397

gwest [gwˈɛst] n. oath ◇ Ety/397

gwesta- [gwˈɛstɑ] v. to swear ◈ gwesto v. inf.

gwesto [gwˈɛstɔ] v. inf. of gwesta-, to swear ◇ Ety/397

gweth [gwˈɛθ] n. 1. manhood ○ 2. by ext. man power, troop of able-bodied men, host, regiment ◇ Ety/398

gwethil pl. of gwathel

gwethrin* pl. of gwathren

gwî [gwˈiː] n. net, web ◇ Ety/398

gwilith [gwˈiliθ] n. air (as a region) ◇ Ety/398

gwilwileth [gwˈil̡wilɛθ] n. Zool. butterfly ◇ Ety/398

gwin* [gwˈin] n. wine, vine ← Dorwinion LotR/Map, LB/11,26,17,112, LR/334,338, H/IXThe wine of Dor-Winion occurs in the Lay of the children of Húrin and the place located either in the "burning South" in the first version, or probably east of the Blue Mountains in the second. Then we have Dorwinion as a meadow-land in Tol Eressëa at the end of the Quenta Silmarillion. It reappears in The Hobbit, and was finally placed North-West of the Sea of Rhûn in the decorated map by Pauline Baynes (see HL/115-117 for discussion). The meaning of this name is unknown and has been largely discussed. What do we have indeed in this "Winion", or rather gwinion since the initial w- must come from lenition? According to Christopher Tolkien, the Lay was begun c. 1918 and was composed during his father's stay at Leeds, a date meaning that the word can be Gnomish, possibly Early Noldorin, or in an indigenous language of Beleriand. In Gnomish and later in Doriathrin and Ilkorin there is a genitive plural ending -ion which may very well be contained in this word. Then we would segment gwin-ion "of gwin". The context calls for "wine", "vine" or something similar. It can hardly be a coincidence that gwin is precisely the Welsh word for "wine", a loan from the Latin vinum, as the English "wine" itself

gwîn* pl. of gwain

gwing* [gwˈiŋ] n. 1. spindrift, flying spray ○ 2. foam (properly a flying spume or spindrift blown off wavetops) ◇ Ety/398, PM/392

gwirith* [gwˈiriθ] n. Cal. april (month) ◇ LotR/D, SD/129-31

gyrth* [gˈyrθ] n. pl. the dead ◇ Letters/417

H

ha [hɑ] (hana) pl. hain* [hɑjn] (hein) pron. it ◇ Ety/385, LotR/II:IV, X/EI

hab- [hˈɑb] v. to clothe ◇ Ety/363

habad [hˈɑbɑd] pl. hebaid* [hˈɛbɑjd] (hebeid) n. shore ◇ Ety/386, X/EI

habar* soft mut. of sabar

had- [hˈɑd] pa. t. hant [hˈɑnt] v. to hurl ◇ Ety/363hedi v. inf.

hâdh [hˈɑːð] n. Arch., Poet. (?) cleaver ◇ Ety/389

hadhod* [hˈɑðɔd] n. dwarf ◇ WJ/388, WJ/414Kh khazâdhadhodrim* n. class pl.

hadhodrim* [hɑðˈɔdrim] n. class pl. of hadhod, dwarves, as a race ◇ WJ/388hadhod+rim

hadlath [hˈɑdlɑθ] (haglath) n. sling ◇ Ety/363, Ety/368, X/TL

hador* [hˈɑdr̩] n. thrower (of spears and darts) ◇ Ety/363, WJ/234

hadron [hˈɑdrɔn] n. m. thrower (of spears and darts) ◇ Ety/363

hae* [hˈɑɛ] adj. far, remote, distant ← Gwahaedir PM/186, VT/45:21

haered* [hˈɑɛrɛd] n. remote distance, the remote ← na-chaered LotR/II:I, RGEO/72

haeron* [hˈɑɛrɔn] adj. far, remote, distant ◇ PM/273

haew [hˈɑɛw] n. custom, habit ◇ Ety/364Written hæw (with ae-ligature) in the Etymologies

haglathhadlath

hain* pl. of ha

hair* [hˈɑjr] (heir) n. and adj. left (hand) ◇ Ety/365, X/EI

half [hˈɑlv] n. seashell ◇ Ety/389

hall I [hˈɑll] adj. exalted, high ◇ Ety/363

hall II [hˈɑll] adj. veiled, hidden, shadowed, shady ◇ Ety/386

haltha- [hˈɑlθɑ] v. to screen ◇ Ety/386

hamma- (corr. hamnia) [hˈɑmmɑ] v. to clothe ◇ Ety/363, VT/45:20hammad ger.

hammad [hˈɑmmɑd] ger. of hamma-, clothing ◇ Ety/363

hamp [hˈɑmp] n. garment ◇ Ety/363

hanaha

hand [hˈɑnd] (hann) adj. intelligent ◇ Ety/363, X/ND1

hannhand

hannas [hˈɑnnɑs] n. understanding, intelligence ◇ Ety/363

hant pa. t. of had-

harad* [hˈɑrɑd] n. south ◇ Ety/365, S/432, LotR/E

haradren [hɑrˈɑdrɛn] adj. southern ◇ Ety/365

haradrim* [hɑrˈɑdrim] n. class pl. southerners, "southrons" ◇ LotRharad+rim

hargam [hˈɑrgɑm] n. left-handed ◇ Ety/365

harn I [hˈɑrn] adj. southern ◇ Ety/365

harn II [hˈɑrn] adj. wounded ◇ Ety/386

harn* III soft mut. of sarnEdhelharn SD/129-131

harna- [hˈɑrnɑ] v. to wound ◈ harno v. inf.

harno [hˈɑrnɔ] v. inf. of harna-, to wound ◇ Ety/386

hartha-* [hˈɑrθɑ] v. to hope ← Harthad SD/62harthad* ger.

harthad* [hˈɑrθɑd] ger. of hartha-, hope ◇ SD/62

haru* [hˈɑru] (harw) n. wound ◇ Ety/386, X/W

harwharu

hast [hˈɑst] n. axe-stroke ◇ Ety/389

hasta- [hˈɑstɑ] v. to hack through ◈ hasto v. inf.

hasto [hˈɑstɔ] v. inf. of hasta-, to hack through ◇ Ety/389

hathalhatholHathaldir LR/433

hathelhathol

hathol* [hˈɑθl̩] (hathel, hathal) n. 1. broadsword-blade, axe-blade ○ 2. axe ◇ Ety/389, WJ/234, UT/444, LR/433See orchal for a discussion about syllabic consonants

havov. imp. sit! ◇ [PJ-Movie]Dialogs: Council of Elrond (source: Gwaith i Phethdain). Derived from Ety/363 (KHAM), where Christopher Tolkien only lists Q. ham- ("the other derivatives are too chaotic and unclear to present"). Other scholars rather proposed *har- for this verb, on the model of Q. hárar "they sit" (UT/305,317)

haudh* [hˈɑuð] n. (burial) mound, grave, tomb ◇ Ety/363-364, S/432, LotR/A(iv)

haust [hˈɑust] n. bed ◇ Ety/364"resting"

he [hɛ] (hen, hene) pl. hîn [hiːn] pron. she ◇ Ety/385

heb-* [hˈɛb] v. to retain, keep, do not give away or release, keep hold of ← *khep VT/41:6hebin* v. 1st

hebaid* pl. of habad

hebeid pl. of habadhebaid

hebin* [hˈɛbin] v. 1st of heb-, I keep, I have kept ← ú-chebin LotR/A(v), VT/41:6Because of the mutation triggered by the first person pronominal ending, it is impossible to guess whether the stem of this should be heb-, *hab- or *hob-. The root KHEP listed in VT/41:6 apparently implies that heb- is the correct form

hedi [hˈɛdi] v. inf. of had-, to hurl ◇ Ety/363

hein pl. of hahain

heirhair

helch [hˈɛl̡x] n. bitter cold ◇ Ety/364

heledh* [hˈɛlɛd] n. glass ◇ S/433

heledir [hˈɛlɛdˌir] (heledirn) n. Orn. kingfisher (bird) ◇ Ety/363, Ety/386, Ety/394"fish-watcher"

heledirnheledir

heleg [hˈɛlɛg] n. ice ◇ Ety/364

helegnenpl. helegninadj. icy ◇ [PJ-Movie]Inscription on Aeglos, Gil-galad's Spear, Official Movie Magazine #3 (source: Gwaith i Phethdain)

heleth [hˈɛlɛθ] n. fur, fur-coat ◇ Ety/386

helf [hˈɛl̡v] n. fur ◇ Ety/386

hell [hˈɛl̡l] adj. naked ◇ Ety/386

heltha- (corr. helta) [hˈɛl̡θɑ] v. to strip ◇ Ety/386The form helta- in the Etymologies is either a misprint or a misreading, unless the word is actually meant to be Quenya (and in that case, a Q is missing before the entry). Its Sindarin cognate would anyway still be heltha-

hen Ihe

hên Ihen II

hên* II [hˈɛːn] pl. hîn* [hˈiːn] n. child (mostly used as a prefix in patronymics or metronymics) ◇ WJ/403

hen* II [hˈɛn] (hend*, henn*, hên) pl. hin* [hˈin] (hîn) n. Biol. eye ◇ Ety/364, LotR/II:IX, WR/128, X/ND1

hend* → hen II

henehe

heneb* [hˈɛnɛb] adj. of eye, eyed, having eyes ← maecheneb "sharp-eyed", WJ/337

henia- [hˈɛni.ɑ] v. to understand ◈ henio v. inf.

henio [hˈɛni.ɔ] v. inf. of henia-, to understand ◇ Ety/363

henn* → hen II

henneth* [hˈɛnnɛθ] n. window ◇ S/428

herdir* [hˈɛrdir] n. m. master ← i-Cherdir SD/129-31hîr+dîr

heria- [hˈɛri.ɑ] v. to begin suddenly and vigorously ◈ herio (corr. heno) v. inf.

herio (corr. heno) [hˈɛri.ɔ] (hœrio (corr. hœno)) v. inf. of heria-, to begin suddenly and vigorously ◇ Ety/364, VT/45:22

heron [hˈɛrɔn] n. m. master ◇ VT/45:22

herth [hˈɛrθ] n. Mil. household, troop under a "hîr" (master, lord) ◇ Ety/364

hervenhervenn

hervenn [hˈɛrvɛn] (herven) n. m. husband ◇ Ety/352, Ety/364, X/ND4hîr+benn

herveshervess

hervess [hˈɛrvɛs] (herves) n. f. wife ◇ Ety/352, Ety/364hîr+bess

heryn* [hˈɛryn] n. f. lady ← Roheryn S/436hîr+dî

hethu* [hˈɛθu] (hethw) adj. foggy, obscure, vague ◇ Ety/364, X/W

hethwhethu

hi* soft mut. of si

hîl* [hˈiːl] n. heir ← Eluchíl PM/369

him I [hˈim] adj. 1. steadfast, abiding ○ 2. as an adverb, continually ◇ Ety/364

him* II [hˈim] adj. cool ◇ S/432

hin* I pl. of hen II

hin* II pl. soft mut. of sen

hîn I pl. of he

hîn II pl. of hen IIhin I

hîn* III pl. of hên II

hîr* [hˈiːr] n. m. master, lord ◇ Ety/364, S/432, SD/129-31, Letters/382, LB/354, VT/45:22

hiril [hˈiril̡] n. f. lady ◇ Ety/364

hithhîth

hîth* [hˈiːθ] (hith) n. mist, fog ◇ Ety/364, S/432

hithlain* [hˈiθlɑjn] n. mist-thread, a substance used by the Elves of Lothlórien to make strong ropes ◇ LotR/II:VIII, LotR/Indexhîth+lain

hithu* [hˈiθu] (hithw) n. fog ◇ Ety/364, X/W

hithui* [hˈiθuj] n. and adj. 1. foggy, misty ○ 2. Cal. as a noun, the month of november ◇ LotR/D

hithwhithu

hîw [hˈiːw] adj. sticky, viscous ◇ Ety/364

hmaelmael I

hmaesmaw

hniofnŷw

ho [hɔ] (hon, hono) pl. hyn* [hyn] (huin) pron. he ◇ Ety/385, X/Z

hobas [hˈɔbɑs] n. harbourage ◇ Ety/364

hollen* [hˈɔllɛn] pp. closed ← Fen Hollen LotR/V:IVIt might also be sollen (q.v.), mutated in adjectival position

honho

honoho

hœrio (corr. hœno) → herio

horn [hˈɔrn] adj. driven under compulsion, impelled ◇ Ety/364

hortha- [hˈɔrθɑ] v. to urge on, speed ◇ Ety/364

host [hˈɔst] n. gross (144) ◇ Ety/364

hoth* [hˈɔθ] n. Pej. host, crowd, horde (nearly always in a bad sense) ◇ Ety/364, S/432

[hˈuː] n. Zool. dog ◇ Ety/364

hûb [hˈuːb] n. haven, harbour, small landlocked bay ◇ Ety/364

hûd [hˈuːd] n. assembly ◇ Ety/364

huin pl. of hohyn

hûl [hˈuːl] n. cry of encouragement in battle ◇ Ety/386

hûn [hˈuːn] n. heart (physical) ◇ Ety/364

hûr [hˈuːr] n. readiness for action, vigour, fiery spirit ◇ Ety/364

hwand [ʍˈɑnd] (chwand, chwann) n. sponge, fungus ◇ Ety/388, X/ND1, X/HW

hwest* [ʍˈɛst] (chwest) n. puff, breath, breeze ◇ Ety/388, X/HW

hwîn* [ʍˈiːn] (chwîn) n. giddiness, faintness ◇ Ety/388, X/HW

hwind* [ʍˈind] (chwind, chwinn) adj. twirling, whirling ◇ Ety/388, X/ND1, X/HW

hwinia-* [ʍˈini.ɑ] v. to twirl, whirl, eddy ◈ hwinio* v. inf.hwiniol* part.

hwinio* [ʍˈini.ɔ] (chwinio) v. inf. of hwinia-, to twirl, whirl, eddy ◇ Ety/388

hwiniol* [ʍˈini.ɔl] (chwiniol) part. of hwinia-, whirling, giddy, fantastic ◇ Ety/388

hyn* pl. of ho

I

i* [i] pl. in* [in] art. and pron. 1. the ○ 2. who ◇ Ety/361, SD/129-31, Letters/308, Letters/417

ia I

* [jˈɑː] (ia) n. 1. gulf ○ 2. abyss, void ◇ Ety/400, S/432, Letters/383

ia IIio

iach* [jˈɑx] n ford, crossing ← Arossiach S/382, Brithiach S/286, Cirith Ninniach S/387Probably OS *jakkʰ- (YAK), see Quenya yatta "neck, isthmus" in Ety/400

iaeth [jˈɑɛθ] n. neck ◇ Ety/400

iaew [jˈɑɛw] n. mocking, scorn ◇ Ety/400

iant* [jˈɑnt] n. bridge ◇ Ety/400, S/432

ianu* [jˈɑnu] (ianw) n. (?) yoke ◇ Ety/400, X/WIt originally meant "bridge" in the Etymologies, but was apparently switched with iant

ianwianu

iâr [jˈɑːr] n. blood ◇ Ety/400

iarwain* [jˈɑrwɑjn] adj. oldest ◇ LotR/II:IIiaur+-wain (?)

iâth* [jˈɑːθ] n. fence ◇ S/433, WJ/369

iathrim* [jˈɑθrim] n. class pl. Elves of Doriath ◇ WJ/378iâth+rim

iau I [jˈɑu] n. Bot. corn ◇ Ety/399

iau II [jˈɑu] n. ravine, cleft, gulf ◇ Ety/400

iaun [jˈɑun] n. holy place, fane, sanctuary ◇ Ety/400Q yána

iaur* [jˈɑur] adj. 1. ancient, old, original ○ 2. older, former ◇ Ety/358, Ety/399, S/433, UT/384

iavas* [jˈɑvɑs] n. Cal. season of autumn ◇ LotR/D

îdh* [ˈiːð] n. rest, repose ◇ WJ/403

idheridhor

idhor* [ˈiðr̩] (idher) n. thoughtfulness ◇ Ety/361, X/Z

idhren [ˈiðrɛn] adj. pondering, wise, thoughtful ◇ Ety/361

idhrinidhrinn

idhrindidhrinn

idhrinn* [ˈiðrinn] (idhrind, idhrin) n. year ◇ Ety/383, Ety/400, X/ND4în+rind

iell [jˈɛl̡l] n. f. 1. daughter ○ 2. girl, maid ◇ Ety/385, Ety/400Stated to be an alteration of sell, remodelled after ion "son" (OS *jondo). It was "a change assisted by the loss of s in compounds and patronymics", hence the ending -iel in several feminine words

iest [jˈɛst] n. wish ◇ Ety/400

ifantiphant

ilaurui* [ilˈɑuruj] adj. daily ◇ VT/44:21,28

im* I [ˈim] pron. I ◇ LotR/II:IV, LB/354

im* II [ˈim] (imm, imb) n. dell, deep vale ← imlad, imloth, imrath, VT/45:18

imbim II

immim II

imlad* [ˈimlɑd] n. narrow valley with steep sides, deep valley ◇ S/433, LotR/Index, VT/45:18im+lad

imloth* [ˈimlɔθ] n. flower-valley ◇ LotR/V:VIII, VT/42:18This word only occurs in the place name Imloth Melui, a vale where roses grewim+loth

imrath* [ˈimrɑθ] n. long narrow valley with a road or watercourse running through it lengthwise ◇ UT/465im+rath

in* pl. of i

în* I [ˈiːn] adj. his (referring to the subject) ◇ SD/129-31

în II [ˈiːn] n. year ◇ Ety/400

inc [ˈiŋk] n. guess, idea, notion ◇ Ety/361

ind [ˈind] (inn) n. inner thought, meaning, heart ◇ Ety/361, X/ND1

ingem [ˈiŋgɛm] adj. old (of person, in mortal sense: decripit, suffering from old age) ◇ Ety/358, Ety/399, Ety/400New word coined by the Elves after meeting with menîn+gem "year-sick"

ínias [ˈiːni.ɑs] n. annals ◇ Ety/400

innind

innas* [ˈinnɑs] n. will ◇ VT/44:21,26

inu* [ˈinu] (inw) adj. female ◇ Ety/361, X/WMS *inw (reformed after CS anu, MS *anw)

inwinu

io [jɔ] (ia) adv. ago ◇ Ety/399

iolfylf I

ion* [jˈɔn] (iond*, ionn) n. m. 1. son ○ 2. by ext. scion, male descendant ◇ Ety/400, MR/373, X/ND1, X/ND2For the second meaning, cf. Hadorion, a Húrin's epithet in WJ/294, Hurinionath referring to the house of Húrin the Steward in PM/202-3,218, and Gil-Galad's epithet Ereinion, cf. also the gloss of the old Qenya cognate yondo "descendant of" in PE/12:106, or the use of the same suffix in later Quenya names such as Isildurioni and Anárioni "Heirs of Isildur (resp. Anárion)" in PM/192,196ionnath* n. coll.

iôn* [jˈɔːn] n. son ◇ WJ/337

iond* → ion

ionnion

ionnath* [jˈɔnnɑθ] n. coll. of ion, all the sons ◇ SD/129-31

iôrŷr

iphant* [ˈiffɑnt] (ifant) adj. aged, long-lived, old (with no connotation of weakness) ◇ Ety/358, Ety/399, X/PHîn+pant "year-full"

ir* [ˈir] conj. when(?) ◇ LB/354This word is not translated. It could be related to Quenya íre "when". Some scholars also consider that it could be the form taken by the article i before a vowel, on a pattern similar to ah. To this respect, it might be interesting to note the ir was the allative/dative form of the article in the old Gnomish lexixon, PE/11:9

ist [ˈist] n. lore, knowledge ◇ Ety/361

ista- [ˈistɑ] v. to have knowledge ◈ isto v. inf.

isto [ˈistɔ] v. inf. of ista-, to have knowledge ◇ Ety/361

istui [ˈistuj] adj. learned ◇ Ety/361

ithil* [ˈiθil̡] n. the moon, lit. 'The Sheen' ◇ Ety/361, Ety/385, Ety/392, LotR/E, LB/354

ithildin* [iθˈil̡din] n. a silver-colored substance, which mirrors only starlight and moonlight ◇ LotR/II:IVithil+tinu "moon-star"

ithron* [ˈiθrɔn] pl. ithryn* [ˈiθryn] n. wizard ◇ UT/448, Letters/448

ithryn* pl. of ithron

iuith [jˈujθ] n. use ◇ Ety/400

iuitha- [jˈujθɑ] v. to employ, to use ◈ iuitho v. inf.

iuitho [jˈujθɔ] v. inf. of iuitha-, to employ, to use ◇ Ety/400The gloss was hardly legible. Christopher Tolkien reads 'to enjoy' but the meaning 'to employ' is much more probable (cf. iuith)

iûl [jˈuːl] n. embers ◇ Ety/400The word is classed as Old Noldorin (ON) in the Etymologies, but rather seems to be Noldorin

ivanneth* [ivˈɑnnɛθ] n. Cal. september (month) ◇ LotR/D

ivor* [ˈivr̩] n. (?) crystal ← Ivorwen LotR/A(v)(?) MS *iυr, OS *imre (I-MIR, augmented form of mîr "jewel")

ivren* [ˈivrɛn] pl. ivrin* [ˈivrin] adj. (?) of crystal, crystalline ◇ S/392, WJ/85The reading Eithel Ivrin in S/392 seems erroneous and should probably be corrected into the plural Eithil Ivrin as in WJ/85, unless Ivrin is actually a proper noun (Eithil Ivrin is also rendered as "Ivrin's Well", see WJ/139). The meaning is interpolated from the description of this place in various sources: 'crystal fountains' (Lay of Húrin, verse 1526), 'reflecting their pallid faces' (ibid., verse 2177), 'glassy pools' ( Lay of Leithian, verses 1932-1940)OS *imrinè (?) (Í-MIR)

ivrin* pl. of ivren

L

laba-* [lˈɑbɑ] v. to hop ← Labadal UT/60This entry is interpolated from Sador's nickname, Labadal, which is rendered as "Hopafoot" in the text

lach* [lˈɑx] (lhach) n. leaping flame ◇ S/433, X/LH

lacha-* [lˈɑxɑ] v. to flame ◈ lacho* v. imp.

lachend* → lachenn

lachenn* [lˈɑxɛnn] (lachend*) pl. lechenn* [lˈɛxinn] (lechind*) n. deep elf (Sindarin name for the Ñoldor) ◇ WJ/384, X/ND4lach+hend "flame-eyed"

lacho* [lˈɑxɔ] v. imp. of lacha-, flame! ◇ UT/65

lad* [lˈɑd] n. plain, valley ◇ S/433

laden* [lˈɑdɛn] (lhaden) pl. ledin* [lˈɛdin] (lhedin) adj. open, cleared ◇ Ety/368, X/LH

laeb* [lˈɑɛb] (lhoeb) adj. fresh ◇ Ety/368, X/OE, X/LH

laeg* I [lˈɑɛg] (lhaeg) adj. keen, sharp, acute ◇ Ety/368, X/LH

laeg* II [lˈɑɛg] adj. 'viridis' fresh and green ◇ Letters/282, Letters/382Seldom used (replaced by calen)

laegel* [lˈɑɛgɛl̡] pl. laegil* [lˈɑɛgil̡] n. a green elf ◇ WJ/385laeg+-ellaegrim* n. class pl.

laegeldrim* → laegrim

laegil* pl. of laegel

laegrim* [lˈɑɛgrim] (laegeldrim*) n. class pl. of laegel, the people of the green Elves ◇ WJ/385laegel+rim

laer* I [lˈɑɛr] n. Cal. season of summer ◇ LotR/D

laer* II [lˈɑɛr] n. song ← Laer Cú Beleg S/406

laes* [lˈɑɛs] (lhaes) n. babe ◇ Ety/367, X/LH

lâf* [lˈɑːv] (lhâf) v. 3rd of lav-, (he) licks ◇ Ety/367, X/LH

lagor* [lˈɑgr̩] (lhagr) adj. swift, rapid ◇ Ety/367, X/LH

lain* I [lˈɑjn] (lhein, lhain) adj. free, freed ◇ Ety/368, X/LH

lain* II [lˈɑjn] n. thread ← hithlain LotR/II:VIII, LotR/Index

lalaith* [lˈɑlɑjθ] n. laughter ◇ S/406MS *laleiθ, Q lala- "laugh"

lalf [lˈɑlv] pl. lelf [lˈɛl̡v] n. Bot. elm-tree ◇ Ety/348

lalorn* [lˈɑlɔrn] (lhalorn) n. Bot. elm-tree ◇ Ety/367, X/LHlalf+orn

lalven [lˈɑlvɛn] pl. lelvin [lˈɛl̡vin] n. Bot. elm-tree ◇ Ety/348

lalwen* [lˈɑlwɛn] (lhalwen) pl. lelwin [lˈɛl̡win] n. Bot. elm-tree ◇ Ety/367, X/LH

lam* I [lˈɑm] (lhamb, lham) n. physical tongue ◇ Ety/367, WJ/394, X/LHlamath* n. coll.

lam* II [lˈɑm] n. Ling. language ◇ WJ/394

lamath* [lˈɑmɑθ] n. coll. of lam I, echoing voices ◇ PM/349

lammas* [lˈɑmmɑs] (lhammas) n. Ling. account of tongues ◇ LR/167, WJ/206, WJ/393, X/LH

lammen* [lˈɑmmɛn] n. my tongue ◇ LotR/II:IVThere was a long controverse between linguists, as to know whether this form was and adjective ("of the tongue, related to the tongue") or the word lam I with a suffixed possessive ("my"). See guren for a similar form

lanc* I [lˈɑŋk] n. naked ◇ UT/418

lanc* II [lˈɑŋk] (lhanc) n. throat ◇ Ety/367, X/LH

lanc* III [lˈɑŋk] n. sharp edge (not of tools), sudden end (as a cliff-edge, or the clean edge of things made by hand or built) ◇ VT/42:8

land* I [lˈɑnd] (lhand) adj. open space, level ◇ Ety/368, X/LH, X/ND1

land* II [lˈɑnd] (lhand, lhann) adj. wide, broad ← Landroval LotR/VI:IV, Ety/367, X/LH, X/ND1

lang* [lˈɑŋ] (lhang) n. cutlass, sword ◇ Ety/367, X/LH

lant* I [lˈɑnt] (lhant) n. clearing in forest ◇ X/LH

lant* II [lˈɑnt] n. fall ← Lanthir S/406, PM/349Q lanta

lanthir* [lˈɑnθir] n. waterfall ◇ S/406, PM/349lant+sîr "falling stream"

lasbelin* [lˈɑsbɛlin] (lhasbelin) n. Cal. season of autumn ◇ Ety/366-367, X/LHlass+pelin "leaf withering"

lass* [lˈɑss] (lhass) n. leaf ◇ Ety/367, Letters/282, TC/169, X/LH

lasta-* [lˈɑstɑ] v. to listen ◈ lasto* v. imp.

lasto* [lˈɑstɔ] v. imp. of lasta-, listen! ◇ LotR/II:IV, RS/463, LB/354

lath* [lˈɑθ] (lhath) n. (?) thong of leather ◇ Ety/368, X/LH

lathra-* [lˈɑθrɑ] v. to listen in, eavesdrop ◈ lathro* v. inf.

lathrada-* [lˈɑθrɑdɑ] v. to listen in, eavesdrop ◈ lathrado* v. inf.

lathrado* [lˈɑθrɑdɔ] (lhathrado) v. inf. of lathrada-, to listen in, eavesdrop ◇ Ety/368, X/LH

lathro* [lˈɑθrɔ] (lhathro) v. inf. of lathra-, to listen in, eavesdrop ◇ Ety/368, X/LH

lathron* [lˈɑθrɔn] (lhathron) n. hearer, listener, eavesdropper ◇ Ety/368, X/LH

laug* [lˈɑug] (lhaug) adj. warm ◇ Ety/368, X/LH

lav-* [lˈɑv] v. to lick ◈ lâf* v. 3rdlevi* v. inf.

lavan* [lˈɑvɑn] pl. levain* [lˈɛvɑjn] n. Zool. animal (usually applied to four-footed beasts, and never to reptiles or birds) ◇ WJ/388, WJ/416

laws* [lˈɑws] (lhaws) n. hair ringlet ◇ Ety/370, X/LH

le* [lɛ] pron. to thee (reverential) ◇ LotR/II:I, LotR/IV:X, RGEO/72-73, Letters/278, LB/354

lebed* [lˈɛbɛd] (lhebed) n. finger ◇ Ety/368, X/LH

leben* [lˈɛbɛn] (lheben) adj. num. five ◇ Ety/368, TAI/150, VT/42:24-25, X/LH

lebethron* [lɛbˈɛθrɔn] n. Bot. a tree - its black wood was used by the woodwrights of Gondor ◇ LotR/IV:VII, LotR/VI:V, WR/176In the original manuscript, one of the earlier (rejected) form of this name was lebendron. Didier Willis proposed the etymology lebed+doron "finger-oak", actually a real tree name (Finger Oak or Quercus digitata)

lechenn* pl. of lachenn

lechind* pl. of lachennlechenn

ledin* pl. of laden

lefnui* [lˈɛvnuj] (lhefneg) adj. num. fifth ◇ WR/436, VT/42:25, TI/312

leithia- [lˈɛjθi.ɑ] (lheitho) v. to release ◇ Ety/368, X/LH

leithian* [lˈɛjθi.ɑn] (lheithian) n. release, freeing, release from bondage ◇ Ety/368, S/406, X/LH

lelf pl. of lalf

lelvin pl. of lalven

lelwin pl. of lalwen

lembas* [lˈɛmbɑs] n. journey bread made by the Elves ◇ PM/404, LotR/II:VIIIlend+bass

lend* I [lˈɛnd] (lenn-*) n. journey ← lenn-mbas PM/404, X/ND1

lend* II [lˈɛnd] (lhend) adj. tuneful, sweet ◇ Ety/369, X/LH, X/ND1

lenn-* → lend I

lest* [lˈɛst] n. girdle ◇ WJ/333, WJ/225, WJ/228

lethril* [lˈɛθril] (lhethril) n. f. hearer, listener, eavesdropper ◇ VT/45:26, X/LH

levain* pl. of lavan

levi* [lˈɛvi] (lhefi) v. inf. of lav-, to lick ◇ Ety/367, X/LH

lhachlach

lhadenladen

lhaeglaeg I

lhaeslaes

lhaew* [ɬˈɑɛw] (thlaew, thloew, flaew) adj. sickly, sick, ill ◇ Ety/386, X/OE, X/LH

lhâflâf

lhagrlagor

lhain Ilain I

lhain* II [ɬˈɑjn] (thlein) pl. lhîn* [ɬˈiːn] (thlîn) adj. lean, thin, meagre ◇ Ety/386, X/LH

lhalornlalorn

lhalwenlalwen

lhamlam I

lhamblam I

lhammaslammas

lhanclanc II

lhand Iland I

lhand IIland II

lhanglang

lhannland II

lhantlant I

lhasbelinlasbelin

lhasslass

lhathlath

lhathradolathrado

lhathrolathro

lhathronlathron

lhauglaug

lhaw* [ɬˈɑw] n. pl. Biol. ears (referring to one person's pair of ears only) ◇ Ety/368, LotR/II:IXOS *λåhu, CE *slâsû (dual)lhewig n. sing.

lhawslaws

lhê* [ɬˈɛː] (thlê) n. fine thread, spider filament ◇ Ety/386, X/LH

lhebedlebed

lhebenleben

lhedin pl. of ladenledin

lhefilevi

lhefneglefnui

lheinlain I

lheithianleithian

lheitholeithia-

lhendlend II

lhethrillethril

lhewig [ɬˈɛwig] n. sing. of lhaw, Biol. ear ◇ Ety/368, LotR/II:IXlhaw+-ig

lhimlim III

lhimblim III

lhimluglimlug

lhimmidlimmida-

lhimmint pa. t. of limmida-limmint

lhimplimp

lhîn Ilîn

lhîn* II pl. of lhain II

lhind Ilind

lhind* II [ɬˈind] (thlind, thlinn) adj. fine, slender ◇ Ety/386, X/LH, X/ND1

lhing* [ɬˈiŋ] (thling) n. spider, spider's web, cobweb ◇ Ety/386, X/LH

lhingril* [ɬˈiŋgril̡] (thlingril) n. spider ◇ Ety/386, X/LH

lhinnlind

lhîrlîr

lhîw* [ɬˈiːw] (fliw, thliw) n. sickness ◇ Ety/386, X/LH

lhochloch

lhodaloda-

lhoeblaeb

lhonglong

lhonnlond

lhoss* [ɬɔˈss] (floss, thloss) n. whisper or rustling sound ◇ Ety/386, X/LH

lhostlost

lhothloth

lhû

lhûg* [ɬˈuːg] n. Zool. snake, serpent ◇ Ety/370, S/434

lhumlum

lhumrenlumren

lhûn [ɬˈuːn] adj. blue → luinEty/370

lhuntlunt

lhûthlûth

lhútha-lútha-

lim* I [lˈim] adv. (?) on ← noro lim LotR/I:XII, RS/196See noro for discussion

lim* II [lˈim] adj. clear, sparkling, light ◇ WJ/337

lim* III [lˈim] (lhim, lhimb) n. Zool. fish ◇ Ety/369, X/LH

limlug* [lˈimlug] (lhimlug) n. fish-dragon, sea-serpent ◇ Ety/370, X/LHlim+lhûg

limmida-* [lˈimmidɑ] (lhimmid) pa. t. limmint* [lˈimmint] (lhimmint) v. to moisten ◇ Ety/369, X/LH

limmint* pa. t. of limmida-

limp* [lˈimp] (lhimp) adj. wet ◇ Ety/369, X/LH

lin* → lín

lín* [lˈiːn] (lin*) adj. thy (reverential) ◇ VT/44:21,24

lîn* [lˈiːn] (lhîn) n. pool ◇ Ety/369, X/LHliniath n. coll.

lind* [lˈind] (lhind, lhinn) n. air, tune ◇ Ety/369, X/LH, X/ND1

liniath [lˈini.ɑθ] n. coll. of lîn, pools ← Hithliniath WJ/194

linna-* [lˈinnɑ] v. to sing ← linnathon LotR/II:Ilinnathon* v. 1stlinnon* v. 1st

linnathon* [lˈinnɑθɔn] v. 1st of linna-, I will sing, I will chant ◇ LotR/II:I, RGEO/72

linnod* [lˈinnɔd] n. 1. (?) a single verse used as a maxim ○ 2. (?) a chant of a certain metrical type, where each (half-)verse is composed of seven syllables ◇ LotR/A(iv)The word is not translated by Tolkien. The first meaning assumes that -od is a singulative affix (cf. filigod). The second meaning is proposed by Carl Hostetter and Patrick Wynne in Tolkien's Legendarium p. 132, based on the metrical characteristics of Gilraen's linnodOS? *lindot- (singulative) or lind (linn) + od(og) "chant of seven"

linnon* [lˈinnɔn] v. 1st of linna-, I sing ◇ LB/354

lîr* [lˈiːr] (lhîr) n. row, range ◇ Ety/369, X/LH

lith* [lˈiθ] n. ash, sand, dust ◇ Ety/369, S/434, TC/178

lithui* [lˈiθuj] adj. ashen, ashy, of ash, ash-coloured, dusty ◇ S/434, UT/435, RGEO/74, TC/178, VT/42:10

* [lˈɔː] n. shallow lake, fenland ◇ UT/263

loch* [lˈɔx] (lhoch) n. ringlet ◇ Ety/370, X/LH

loda-* [lˈɔdɑ] (lhoda-) v. to float ◇ Ety/370, X/LH

loeg* [lˈɔɛg] n. pool ◇ S/407

loen* [lˈɔɛn] adj. soaking wet, swamped ◇ VT/42:10

lond* [lˈɔnd] (lonn*, lhonn) n. 1. narrow path or strait ○ 2. by ext. entrance to harbour, land-locked haven ◇ Ety/348, Ety/370, S/434, UT/450, VT/42:10, X/LH, X/ND1lonnath* n. coll.

long* [lˈɔŋ] (lhong) adj. heavy ◇ Ety/370, X/LH

lonn* → lond

lonnath* [lˈɔnnɑθ] n. coll. of lond, havens ◇ WR/294, WR/370

loss* [lˈɔss] n. snow (especially fallen or long-lying snow) ◇ S/434, VT/42:18, RGEO/70

lossen* [lˈɔssɛn] adj. snowy ◇ RGEO/70

Lossoth* [lˈɔssɔθ] n. class pl. the Snowmen ◇ LotR/A, RGEO/70loss+hoth

lost* [lˈɔst] (lhost) adj. empty ◇ Ety/370, X/LH

loth* [lˈɔθ] (lhoth) n. Bot. flower, inflorescence, a head of small flowers ◇ Ety/370, LB/354, VT/42:18, X/LHThe noun is collective, a single flower being lotheg

lotheg* [lˈɔθɛg] n. sing. of loth, Bot. (single) flower ◇ VT/42:18loth + -eg

lothron* [lˈɔθrɔn] n. Cal. may (month) ◇ LotR/D

* [lˈuː] (lhû) n. a time, occasion ◇ Ety/370, X/LH

luin* [lˈujn] adj. invar. blue → lhûnLotR (misc.), S/434, UT/390, Ety/370

luithia-* [lˈujθi.ɑ] v. to quench ← uluithiad SD/62luithiad* ger.

luithiad* [lˈujθi.ɑd] ger. of luithia-, quenching ← uluithiad SD/62

lum* [lˈum] (lhum) n. shade ◇ Ety/370, X/LH

lumren* [lˈumrɛn] (lhumren) adj. shady ◇ Ety/370, X/LH

lunt* [lˈunt] (lhunt) n. boat ◇ Ety/370, X/LH

lûth* [lˈuːθ] (lhûth) n. spell, charm ◇ Ety/370, X/LH

lútha-* [lˈuːθɑ] (lhútha-) v. to enchant ◇ Ety/370, X/LH

lŷg (corr. lyg) * [lˈyːg] n. Zool. snake ◇ LotR/E

M

mad- [mˈɑd] v. to eat ◈ medi v. inf.

mbair* pl. nasal mut. of bar

mbar* nasal mut. of bar

mbas* soft mut. of bassimbas VT/44:21,27-8

mae* [mˈɑɛ] adv. well ◇ LotR/I:XII, Letters/308

maecheneb* [mˈɑɛxɛnɛb] adj. sharp-eyed ◇ WJ/337maeg+heneb

maed* I [mˈɑɛd] adj. shapely ◇ PM/366, VT/41:10

maed* II [mˈɑɛd] (moed) adj. handy, skilled ◇ Ety/371, X/OE

maeg* [mˈɑɛg] adj. sharp, piercing, penetrating, going deep in something ◇ S/434, WJ/337

mael I [mˈɑɛl] (hmael) n. and adj. 1. stain ○ 2. stained ◇ Ety/386

mael* II [mˈɑɛl] (moel) n. lust ◇ Ety/373, X/OE

maelui* [mˈɑɛluj] (moelui) adj. lustful ◇ Ety/373, X/OE

maen [mˈɑɛn] adj. skilled, clever ◇ Ety/371

maenas [mˈɑɛnɑs] n. craft ◇ Ety/371

maer [mˈɑɛr] adj. useful, fit, good (of things) ◇ Ety/371

maeth [mˈɑɛθ] n. battle, fight (not of general host but of two or a few) ◇ Ety/371

maetha- [mˈɑɛθɑ] v. to fight ◇ Ety/371

maethor [mˈɑɛθr̩] n. warrior ◇ Ety/371

maew [mˈɑɛw] n. Orn. gull ◇ Ety/373

maglmagol

magol [mˈɑgl̩] (magl) n. sword ◇ Ety/371The word megil (q.v.), probably introduced by the Ñoldor, was also used

magor* [mˈɑgr̩] n. swordsman ← Menelvagor LotR/E, WJ/234

maidh [mˈɑjð] (meidh) adj. pale, fallow, fawn ◇ Ety/371, X/EI

mail* pl. of mâl

main* [m'ɑjn] (mein) adj. num. first, (only in the sense of) prime, chief, pre-eminent ◇ VT/42:25

mâl [mˈɑːl] pl. mail* [mˈɑjl] (meil, mely) n. pollen, yellow powder ◇ Ety/386, X/EI

malen [mˈɑlɛn] pl. melin [mˈɛlin] adj. yellow ◇ Ety/386

mall* [mˈɑlt] (malt) n. gold (as metal) ◇ Ety/386, X/LD

mallen [mˈɑllɛn] adj. of gold ◇ Ety/386

mallorn* [mˈɑllɔrn] pl. mellyrn* [mˈɛl̡lyrn] n. Bot. golden tree of Lothlórien ◇ S/435, LotR/II:IVmall+orn "tree of gold"

mallos* [mˈɑllɔs] n. Bot. a golden flower ◇ UT/451, Letters/248mall+los "flower of gold"

maltmall

malthen [mˈɑlθɛn] adj. of gold, golden ◇ Ety/386

malu* [mˈɑlu] (malw) adj. fallow, pale ◇ Ety/386, X/W

malwmalu

man* [mɑn] pron. what? (?) ◇ TL/21:09

mân [mˈɑːn] n. departed spirit ◇ Ety/371

manadh [mˈɑnɑð] n. 1. doom, final end, fate, fortune ○ 2. by ext. final bliss ◇ Ety/371

matha- [mˈɑθɑ] v. to stroke, feel, handle ◈ matho v. inf.

matho [mˈɑθɔ] v. inf. of matha-, to stroke, feel, handle ◇ Ety/371

maur [mˈɑur] n. gloom ◇ Ety/373

maw [mˈɑw] (hmaes) n. soil, stain ◇ Ety/386

medi [mˈɛdi] v. inf. of mad-, to eat ◇ Ety/371

medli* [mˈɛdli] (megli) n. Zool. bear ◇ Ety/369, Ety/371, X/DLmad-+glî "honey-eater"

medlin* [mˈɛdlin] (meglin) adj. honey-eater, bear-like ◇ Ety/369, X/DL

medui* [mˈɛduj] adj. last ← na vedui, Arvedui LotR/I:XII, LotR/A(iv)

megil* [mˈɛgil̡] n. sword ◇ Ety/371The word was struck out in the Etymologies, but is well attested in late compounds such as Mormegil or Arvegil (with regular mutation). It is conceivably the Sindarinized form of Quenya makil, coexisting with magol (see tegil and tegol for a similar case)

meglimedli

meglinmedlin

megor* [mˈɛgr̩] adj. sharp-pointed ← *megr WJ/337

meidhmaidh

meil pl. of mâlmail

meinmain

mela- [mˈɛlɑ] pa. t. melant [mˈɛlɑnt] v. to love ◇ VT/45:34melo v. inf.

melant pa. t. of mela-

melch [mˈɛl̡x] adj. greedy ◇ Ety/373

meldir [mˈɛl̡dir] n. m. friend ◇ Ety/372mell+dîr

meldis [mˈɛl̡dis] n. f. friend ◇ Ety/372mell+dîs

meleth [mˈɛlɛθ] n. love ◇ Ety/372

melethril [mɛlˈɛθril̡] n. f. lover ◇ Ety/372

melethron [mɛlˈɛθrɔn] n. m. lover ◇ Ety/372

melin pl. of malen

mell [mˈɛl̡l] adj. dear ◇ Ety/372

mellon* [mˈɛl̡lɔn] pl. mellyn* [mˈɛl̡lyn] n. friend ◇ Ety/372, LotR/II:IV, SD/129-31, Letters/424

mellyn* pl. of mellon

mellyrn* pl. of mallorn

melo [mˈɛlɔ] v. inf. of mela-, to love ◇ VT/45:34

melui* [mˈɛluj] adj. sweet ◇ LotR/V:VIII, VT/42:18This word only occurs in the place name Imloth Melui, a vale where roses grew

mely pl. of mâlmail

men* I [mˈɛn] pron. us ← ammen LotR/II:IV, LB/354

men* II [mˈɛn] n. way, road ◇ UT/281

meneg* [mˈɛnɛg] adj. num. thousand ← Menegroth "thousand caves" S/409

menel* [mˈɛnɛl̡] n. sky, high heaven, firmament, the region of the stars ◇ LotR/II:I, LotR/IV:X, LB/354, RGEO/72, VT/44:21,23-24Q menel

ment [mˈɛnt] n. point ◇ Ety/373

meren [mˈɛrɛn] adj. festive, gay, joyous ◇ Ety/372The word was changed to beren in the Etymologies, but meren would be restored together with mereth

mereth* [mˈɛrɛθ] n. feast, festival ◇ Ety/372, S/434The word was changed to bereth in the Etymologies, but was never changed in the texts (cf. Mereth Aderthad and the compound Merethrond)

meril* [mˈɛril̡] n. Bot. rose (flower) ◇ SD/129-31

merilin [mˈɛrilˌin] (mœrilind) n. Orn. nightingale (bird) ◇ Ety/394, X/ND4môr+lind, irreg. OS *morilinde

mescmesg

mesg [mˈɛsg] (mesc) adj. wet ◇ Ety/373

meth [mˈɛθ] n. end ◇ Ety/373

methed* [mˈɛθɛd] n. end ◇ UT/452

methen [mˈɛθɛn] adj. end, final ◇ Ety/373, VT/45:34

mhellyn* pl. soft mut. of mellon

mîdh (corr. mídh) [mˈiːð] n. dew ◇ Ety/373

mîl [mˈiːl] n. love, affection ◇ Ety/372

milui [mˈiluj] adj. friendly, loving, kind ◇ Ety/372

min I [mˈin] adj. num. one ◇ Ety/373

min* II [min] prep. between the ← Minhiriath LotR/MapOS *mi, with suffixed article (MI)

min* IIImín II

mín* I [mˈiːn] pron. us ◇ VT/44:21,28

mín* II [mˈiːn] (min*) adj. our ◇ VT/44:21,22,28

minai* [mˈinɑj] (minei) adj. single, distinct, unique ◇ Ety/373, X/EI

minas* [mˈinɑs] (minnas) n. 1. tower ○ 2. by ext. fort, city with a citadel and central watch-tower ◇ Ety/373, S/434, VT/42:24

mindon [mˈindɔn] n. 1. isolated hill, especially a hill with a watch tower ○ 2. by ext. tower ◇ Ety/373, Ety/395

mineiminai

miniel* [mˈini.ɛl̡] pl. mínil* [mˈiːnil̡] n. an elf, one of the Vanyar ◇ WJ/383min+-el "first elf"

mínil* pl. of miniel

minlamad* [mˈinlɑmɑd] n. Ling. 'first voiced' or 'first-echoing', alliterative (?) verse mode (minlamad thent/estent) ◇ UT/146, WJ/311, WJ/315The word is not translated by Tolkien. For a discussion of its probable meaning, refer to Tolkien's Legendarium p. 121-122

minna-* [mˈinnɑ] v. to enter ◈ minno* v. imp.

minnasminas

minno* [mˈinnɔ] v. imp. of minna-, enter! (lit. to the inside!) ◇ LotR/II:IV

minui* [mˈinuj] adj. num. first ◇ VT/42:25

minuial* [minˈuj.ɑl] n. morrowdim', the time near dawn, when the star fade ◇ LotR/Dmin+uial "first twilight"

mîr* [mˈiːr] n. jewel, precious thing, treasure ◇ Ety/373, LotR/E, S/434, PM/348, LB/354, RGEO/73

mírdain* pl. of mírdan

mírdan* [mˈiːrdɑn] pl. mírdain* [mˈiːrdɑjn] n. jewel-smith ◇ S/401mîr+tân

mirian* [mˈiri.ɑn] n. piece of money, coin used in Gondor → canathPM/45

míriel* [mˈiːri.ɛl̡] part. sparkling like a jewel ◇ RGEO/64, LotR/II:I

mist [mˈist] n. error, wandering ◇ Ety/373

mista- [mˈistɑ] v. to stray ◈ misto v. inf.

mistad* [mˈistɑd] (mistrad) n. straying, error ◇ Ety/373, X/Z

misto [mˈistɔ] v. inf. of mista-, to stray ◇ Ety/373

mistradmistad

mith I [mˈiθ] n. white fog, wet mist ◇ Ety/373

mith* II [mˈiθ] adj. (pale) grey ◇ Ety/373, S/434, TC/187

mithren* [mˈiθrɛn] pl. mithrin* [mˈiθrin] adj. grey ◇ UT/436

mithril* [mˈiθril̡] n. true-silver, a silver-like metal ◇ LotRmith+rill "grey brilliance"

mithrin* pl. of mithren

moe [mˈɔɛ] adj. soft ◇ Ety/371

moeas [mˈɔɛ.ɑs] n. dough ◇ Ety/371

moedmaed II

moelmael II

moeluimaelui

môr* [mˈɔːr] n. darkness, dark, night ◇ Ety/373, Letters/382

morben* [mˈɔrbɛn] pl. morbin* [mˈɔrbin] (mœrbin*) n. one of the Avari or Easterlings in Beleriand ◇ WJ/376-377morn+pen, altered from OS *moripende

morbin* pl. of morben

mœrbin* pl. of morbenmorbin

morchaint* pl. of morchant

morchant* [mˈɔrxɑnt] pl. morchaint* [mˈɔrxɑjnt] n. shadow (of objects, cast by light), dark shape ◇ S/432, VT/42:9morn+cant "dark shape"

morgul* [mˈɔrgul] n. black arts, sorcery, necromancy ◇ Ety/377, S/432, WJ/383, MR/350morn+gûl "dark magic"

mœrilindmerilin

morn* [mˈɔrn] pl. myrn* [mˈyrn] adj. black, dark ◇ Ety/373, Letters/382, Letters/427, WJ/368, WR/113, UT/65

mornedhel* [mˈɔrnɛðɛl̡] n. dark-elf ◇ WJ/377, WJ/380morn+edhel

muda- [mˈudɑ] v. to labour, toil ◈ mudo v. inf.

mudas [mˈudɑs] n. labour, toil ◇ Ety/373The Etymologies list this word as the past tense of the verb mudo, but actually it looks more like a noun

mudo [mˈudɔ] v. inf. of muda-, to labour, toil ◇ Ety/373The Etymologies list mudas as the past tense of this this verb, but actually this form looks more like a noun "labour, toil"

muin [mˈujn] adj. dear ◇ Ety/374

muindor [mˈujndɔr] pl. muindyr [mˈujndyr] n. m. brother ◇ Ety/394muin+tôr

muindyr pl. of muindor

muinthel [mˈujnθɛl̡] pl. muinthil [mˈujnθil̡] n. f. sister ◇ Ety/392muin+thêl

muinthil pl. of muinthel

mûl [mˈuːl] n. slave, thrall ◇ Ety/373

mund* [mˈund] n. Zool. bull ◇ Letters/422-423

mŷl* [mˈyːl] n. Orn. gull ◇ WJ/379-380, WJ/418

myrn* pl. of morn

N

na-* [nˈɑ] v. to be ← no aer i eneth lín VT/44:21,24no* v. imp.

na* [nɑ] prep. 1. with, by (also used as a genitive sign) ○ 2. to, towards, at ◇ Ety/374, LotR/I:XII

nad [nˈɑd] n. thing ◇ Ety/374

nadhor [nˈɑðr̩] n. pasture ◇ Ety/374

nadhras [nˈɑðrɑs] n. pasture ◇ Ety/374

nae [nˈɑɛ] interj. alas ◇ Ety/375

naeg [nˈɑɛg] n. pain ◇ Ety/375

naegra-* [nˈɑɛgrɑ] v. to pain ◈ naegro* v. inf.

naegro* [nˈɑɛgrɔ] (negro) v. inf. of naegra-, to pain ◇ Ety/375, X/Z

naer* [nˈɑɛr] (noer) adj. sad, lamentable ◇ Ety/375, X/OE

naergon* [nˈɑɛrgɔn] n. woeful lament ◇ PM/362

naeth* [nˈɑɛθ] n. 1. biting ○ 2. by ext. woe (gets senses of gnashing teeth in grief) ← Elu-naeth WJ/258, Ety/374-375

naew [nˈɑɛw] n. jaw ◇ Ety/374

nag- [nˈɑg] v. to bite ◇ Ety/374

nail* [nˈɑjl] (neil) adj. num. third ◇ VT/42:25

naith* [nˈɑjθ] pl. natsai [nˈɑtsɑj] n. any formation or projection tapering to a point: a spearhead, gore, wedge, narrow promontory, triangle ◇ Ety/387, UT/282

nalla-* [nˈɑllɑ] v. to cry ← nallon LotR/IV:X, RGEO/72, Letters/278nallon* v. 1st

nallon* [nˈɑllɔn] v. 1st of nalla-, I cry ◇ LotR/IV:X, RGEO/72, Letters/278

nan* [nˈɑn] (nand*, nann) n. 1. wide grassland, land at foot of hills with many streams ○ 2. by ext. valley ◇ Ety/374, S/435, Letters/308, VT/45:36, X/ND1

nana [nˈɑnɑ] n. hypo. mother, mummy ◇ Ety/348, Ety/374

nand* → nan

naneth [nˈɑnɛθ] n. mother ◇ Ety/348, Ety/374

nannnan

nâr [nˈɑːr] n. rat ◇ Ety/379

narbeleth* [nˈɑrbɛlɛθ] n. Cal. october (month) ◇ LotR/Dnaur+peleth "sun-waning"

narcha- [nˈɑrxɑ] v. to rend ◇ Ety/374

nardh [nˈɑrð] n. knot ◇ Ety/387

narn* [nˈɑrn] pl. nern* [nˈɛrn] n. a tale or a saga, that is told in verse to be spoken and not sung ◇ Ety/374, WJ/313, MR/373, S/412OS *narna, CE *nʲarnâ "told"

nartha- [nˈɑrθɑ] v. to kindle ◈ nartho v. inf.narthan* n.

narthan* [nˈɑrθɑn] n. beacon, signal fire to notify of the approach of an enemy ← Fornarthan VT/42:30

nartho [nˈɑrθɔ] v. inf. of nartha-, to kindle ◇ VT/45:37

naru [nˈɑru] (narw) adj. red ◇ Ety/374, X/W

narwnaru

narwain* [nˈɑrwɑjn] n. Cal. january (month) ◇ LotR/Dnaur+gwain "new sun"

nass [nˈɑss] n. 1. point, (sharp) end ○ 2. angle or corner ◇ Ety/375, VT/45:37

nasta- [nˈɑstɑ] v. to prick, point, stick, thrust ◇ Ety/375, VT45:37

nath [nˈɑθ] n. web ◇ Ety/375

nathron [nˈɑθrɔn] n. weaver, webster ◇ Ety/375

natsai pl. of naith

naud [nˈɑud] adj. bound ◇ Ety/378

naug* [nˈɑug] n. and adj. 1. stunted, dwarf ○ 2. as a noun, a dwarf ◇ Ety/375, WJ/388naugrim* n. class pl.

nauglnaugol

naugol [nˈɑugl̩] (naugl) n. dwarf ◇ Ety/375Diminutive form of naug

naugrim* [nˈɑugrim] n. class pl. of naug, dwarves ◇ WJ/388naug+rim

naur* [nˈɑur] n. 1. flame ○ 2. fire ◇ Ety/374, S/435, LotR/II:IV

nauth [nˈɑuθ] n. thought ◇ Ety/378

nautha- [nˈɑuθɑ] v. to conceive ◇ Ety/378

naw [nˈɑw] pl. noe* [nˈɔɛ] (nui) n. idea ◇ Ety/378, X/Z

nawag [nˈɑwɑg] pl. neweg (neweig) n. dwarf ◇ Ety/375

ned* [nɛd] prep. in, of (time, e.g. giving a date) ◇ SD/129-31

neder* [nˈɛdɛr] adj. num. nine ◇ Ety/376, VT/42:25

nedh- [nɛð] pref. in, inside, mid- ◇ Ety/376See also the preposition ned, and the noun ened for a discussion of this form

nedhu* [nˈɛðu] (nedhw) n. bolster, cushion ◇ Ety/378, X/W

nedhwnedhu

nedia-* [nˈɛdi.ɑ] (nœdia-) v. to count ◇ Ety/378

nedrui* [nˈɛdruj] adj. num. ninth ◇ VT/42:10

nef* [nɛv] prep. on this side of ◇ LotR/II:I, RGEO/72

negronaegro

negyth* pl. of nogoth

neilnail

neitha-* [nˈɛjθɑ] v. to wrong, to deprive ← Neithan UT/456

neithan* [nˈɛjθɑn] adj. deprived, wronged ◇ UT/456

nêl I [nˈɛːl] (neleg) pl. nelig* [nˈɛlig] n. tooth ◇ Ety/376, WR/113

nêl* II [nˈɛːl] adj. num. three ◇ VT/42:25See also neled

nelchaenen* [nɛl̡xˈɑɛnɛn] adj. num. thirtieth ◇ SD/129-31

neled [nˈɛlɛd] (neledh) adj. num. three ◇ Ety/376, TAI150

neledhneled

neledhineledhia-

neledhia- [nɛlˈɛði.ɑ] (neledhi) v. to enter ◇ TAI/150, HL/77Hammond and Scull apparently understand this word as a derivative of neledh "three", hence their translation neledh neledhi "three by three". However, we have shown in Hiswelókë (third issue, pp. 74-78) that this word is conceivably a verb derived from LED "to go". The prefix ne- also occurs in nestegi "to insert, stick in"OS *ne- + ledi- "to go into"

nelegnêl I

nelig* pl. of nêl I

nell [nˈɛl̡l] n. bell ◇ Ety/379

nella- [nˈɛl̡lɑ] v. to sound bells ◇ Ety/379

nelladel [nˈɛl̡lɑdɛl̡] n. ringing of bells ◇ Ety/379nellad+-el

nelthil [nˈɛl̡θil] n. triangle ◇ Ety/376, Ety/393nel-+till

nelui* [nˈɛluj] adj. num. third ◇ VT/42:25

nem [nˈɛm] (nemb) n. Biol. nose ◇ Ety/376

nembnem

nen* [nˈɛn] pl. nîn* [nˈiːn] n. 1. water (used of a lake, pool or lesser river) ○ 2. by ext. waterland ◇ Ety/376, S/435, UT/457

nend [nˈɛnd] (nenn) adj. watery ◇ Ety/376, X/ND1

nennnend

nern* pl. of narn

nesta- [nˈɛstɑ] v. to heal ← nestad WR/379-380nestad ger.

nestad [nˈɛstɑd] ger. of nesta-, healing ◇ WR/379-80

nestadren [nɛstˈɑdrɛn] pl. nestedrin (corr. nestedriu) [nɛstˈɛdrin] adj. healing ◇ WR/380nestad+-ren

nestag- [nˈɛstɑg] pa. t. nestanc [nˈɛstɑŋk] v. to insert, stick in ◇ Ety/388nestegi v. inf.

nestanc pa. t. of nestag-

nestedrin (corr. nestedriu) pl. of nestadren

nestegi [nˈɛstɛgi] v. inf. of nestag-, to insert, stick in ◇ Ety/388

neth [nˈɛθ] adj. young ◇ Ety/377

neweg pl. of nawag

neweig pl. of nawagneweg

ngaurhoth* nasal mut. of gaurhoth

nguruthos* nasal mut. of guruthos

niben* [nˈibɛn] pl. nibin* [nˈibin] adj. small, petty ◇ S/435, WJ/388, WJ/408

nibin* pl. of niben

nîd [nˈiːd] adj. damp, wet, tearful ◇ Ety/376

nîdh [nˈiːð] n. honeycomb ◇ VT/45:38

nîf [nˈiːv] n. front, face ◇ Ety/378

nifredniphred

nifredilniphredil

nim-nimp

nimmidnimmida-

nimmida- [nˈimmidɑ] (nimmid) pa. t. nimmint [nˈimmint] v. to whiten ◇ Ety/378, X/Z

nimmint pa. t. of nimmida-

nimp [nˈimp] (nim-) adj. pale, white ◇ Ety/378

nin* [nin] pron. me ◇ LotR/IV:X, RGEO/72

nín* [nˈiːn] adj. my ◇ UT/40, VT/44:22The acute accent in nín has sometimes been regarded as an error for a slanted macron in the manuscript, since all the other attested personal adjectives from Sauron defeated all have a circumflex accent. It was noted though that if the acute accent is confirmed, then this word is probably an enclitic, see HL/73. The acute accent is now confirmed by VT/44

nîn* I pl. of nen

nîn II [nˈiːn] n. tear ◇ ETY/376

nîn* III [nˈiːn] adj. wet, watery ← Nindalf TC/195, S/435

nind* [nˈind] (ninn) adj. slender ◇ Ety/378, X/ND1

ninglor* [nˈiŋglɔr] n. Bot. golden water-flower, gladden ◇ UT/280-81, UT/450nîn+glaur "water gold"

níniel (corr. niniel) [nˈiːni.ɛl̡] adj. tearful ◇ Ety/376

nínim [nˈiːnim] n. Bot. snowdrop (flower) ◇ Ety/367nîn+nimp "white tear"

ninnnind

ninniach* [nˈinni.ɑx] n. rainbow ◇ S/387Probably nîn, *ninn- + iach "water-ford"

nínui* [nˈiːnuj] n. and adj. 1. watery ○ 2. Cal. as a noun, the month of february ◇ LotR/D

niphred* [nˈifrɛd] (nifred) n. pallor, fear ◇ Ety/378, S/435, X/PH

niphredil* [nˈifrɛdil̡] (nifredil) n. Bot. a pale winter flower, snowdrop ◇ Ety/376, Ety/378, LotR/II:VI, Letters/402, X/PHniphred+-il "little pallor"

nîr [nˈiːr] n. tear, weeping ◇ Ety/376

nírnaeth [nˈiːrnɑɛθ] n. lamentation ◇ Ety/376nîr+naeth "tear-gnashing"

nîth [nˈiːθ] n. youth ◇ Ety/377

no Inu

no* II [nˈɔ] v. imp. of na-, be! ◇ VT/44:21,24

nod-* [nˈɔd] (nud-) v. to tie, bind ◇ Ety/378, X/Z

nœdia-nedia-

noe* pl. of naw

noernaer

nogoth* [nˈɔgɔθ] pl. negyth* [nˈɛgyθ] (nœgyth*) n. dwarf, etym. "the stunted folk" ◇ S/435, WJ/338, WJ/388, WJ/408, WJ/413nogothrim* n. class pl.

nogotheg* [nˈɔgɔθɛg] n. dimin. of nogoth, "dwarflet", a name of the petty-dwarves ◇ WJ/388

nogothrim* [nɔgˈɔθrim] n. class pl. of nogoth, dwarf-folk ◇ RGEO/75, UT/318, WJ/388nogoth+rim

nœgyth* pl. of nogothnegyth

nor-* [nˈɔr] v. 1. to run ○ 2. by ext. to ride ◈ noro* v. imp.

nordh [nˈɔrð] n. cord ◇ Ety/387

norn [nˈɔrn] pl. nyrn* [nˈyrn] adj. 1. twisted, knotted, crabbed, contorted ○ 2. hard ◇ Ety/387

noro* [nˈɔrɔ] v. imp. of nor-, ride! ← noro lim LotR/I:XII, RS/196Untranslated in LotR, but written nora-lim and rendered as "ride on" in RS/196 (though it might not be a literal translation). A verb nor- is attested in the old Gnomish lexicon, PE/11:61, with the meaning "to run, roll"

nórui* [nˈɔːruj] n. and adj. 1. sunny, fiery ○ 2. Cal. as a noun, the month of june ◇ LotR/D

nosnoss

noss* [nˈɔss] (nos) n. kindred, family, clan ◇ Ety/378, PM/320

nost* [nˈɔst] n. kindred, family, house ◇ PM/360See also noss

nothrim* [nˈɔθrim] n. class pl. kindred, family, house ← Nothrim [> Nost] Finarfin PM/360The word was rejected in favor of nost, but it may be interpreted as a valid class plural "those of the house"noss/nost + rim

nu* [nu] (no) prep. under ◇ Ety/378, etc.With suffixed article, see also nuin

nud-nod-

nui pl. of nawnoe

nuin* [nujn] prep. under the ◇ Ety/378, etc.nu+i

nuitha-* [nˈujθɑ] v. to stunt, to prevent from coming to completion, stop short, not allow to continue ◇ WJ/413

nûr I [nˈuːr] adj. deep ◇ Ety/378

nûr II [nˈuːr] n. race ◇ Ety/378

nûr* III [nˈuːr] adj. sad ← Núrnen UT/458This word is interpolated from Christopher Tolkien's index to UT. But for a complete discussion, see ETdM/IV:160 §147. The meaning of Núrnen remains highly hypothetical

nyrn* pl. of norn

nŷw* [nˈyːw] (hniof) n. noose ◇ Ety/387, X/IU

O

o* I [ɔ] (od*) prep. from, of; preposition (as a proclitic) used in either direction, from or to the point of view of the speaker ◇ Ety/360, WJ/366, WJ/369-70, LotR/II:IV, SD/129-31, RGEO/72According to WJ/366, the preposition "is normally o in all positions, though od appears occasionally before vowels, especially before o-". With a suffixed article, see also uin

o II [ɔ] prep. about, concerning ◇ Ety/378The Etymologies state that h- is prefixed to the word following this preposition, when it begins in a vowel: o Hedhil "concerning the Elves (Edhil)". Some scholars consider that this rule is not valid in Sindarin, but that the preposition would perhaps become oh in such a case (hence oh Edhil, to be compared with ah in Athrabeth Finrod ah Andreth

od* → o I

ódhel* [ˈɔːðɛl̡] pl. ódhil* [ˈɔːðil̡] n. deep elf or gnome, one of the wise folk ◇ WJ/364, WJ/366, WJ/378-379ódhellim* n. class pl.

ódhellim* [ɔːðˈɛl̡lim] n. class pl. of ódhel, deep Elves or gnomes, the wise folk ◇ WJ/364ódhel+rim

ódhil* pl. of ódhel

odhril [ˈɔðril̡] n. f. parent ◇ Ety/379

odhron [ˈɔðrɔn] n. m. parent ◇ Ety/379

odog* [ˈɔdɔg] adj. num. seven ◇ Ety/379, VT/42:25

odothui* [ˈɔdɔθuj] adj. num. seventh ◇ TI/312, WR/436, VT:42:25See also othui

oeargaear

oegasaegas

oeges pl. of aegasaegais

oegliraeglir

oelael

oelin pl. of aelaelin

oergaer III

oeruilgaeruil

ofrovor

ôl [ˈɔːl] pl. elei n. dream ◇ Ety/370, Ety/379

oldoll

oll [ˈɔld] (old) n. torrent, mountain-stream ◇ Ety/396

oltha- [ˈɔlθɑ] v. to dream ◇ Ety/370, Ety/379

ónen* [ˈɔːnɛn] irreg. pa. t. 1st of anna-, I gave ◇ LotR/A(v)Written onen in some editions of LotR. In the Qenyaqetsa, Qenya anta- is marked as having an irregular past tense áne. Assuming the same sound-shifts as observed in other words, this would indeed lead to onen in Sindarin, see PE/12:31 and TT/14:48-49

oneth* [ˈɔnɛθ] n. f. giver ← besoneth PM/404-05

onna-* [ˈɔnnɑ] v. to beget ← Abonnen, Eboennin WJ/387onnen* pp.

onnen* [ˈɔnnɛn] pl. ennin* [ˈɛnnin] pp. of onna-, born ← Abonnen, Eboennin WJ/387

onod* [ˈɔnɔd] pl. enyd* [ˈɛnyd] n. ent ◇ LotR/F, Letters/224onodrim* n. class pl.

onodrim* [ɔnˈɔdrim] n. class pl. of onod, ents, as a race ◇ Letters/224, TC/165onod+rim

or- [ɔr] pref. above, over ◇ Ety/379

or [ɔr] prep. above, over ◇ Ety/379

oraearon* [ɔrˈɑɛ.ɑrɔn] n. Cal. seventh day of the Númenórean week, Sea-day ◇ LotR/Daur+aearon

oranor* [ˈɔrɑnɔr] n. Cal. second day of the week, day of the Sun ◇ LotR/Daur+anor

orbelain* [ˈɔrbɛlɑjn] n. Cal. sixth day of the week, day of the Powers or Valar ◇ LotR/Daur+belain

orch* [ˈɔrx] pl. yrch* [ˈyrx] (eirch, erch) n. goblin, Orc ◇ Ety/379, LR/406, WJ/390, LotR/II:VI, LotR/F, Letters/178orchoth* n. class pl.

orchal* [ˈɔrxl̩] (orchall, orchel) adj. 1. superior, lofty, eminent ○ 2. tall ◇ Ety/363, Ety/379, WJ/305In his article Probable errors in the Etymologies, Helge Fauskanger lists orchel as a misreading, following Christopher Tolkien's note admitting that the e is uncertain. However, though orchal is attested in WJ/305, it does not necessarily mean that the form orchel is incorrect. It might be constructed by analogy with words such as hathol "axe" (from WJ/234 and the name of a Númenórean, Hatholdir, UT:444), which is also found as hathal (in Hathaldir, name of a companion of Barahir, LR/433, untranslated but conceivably cognate) and hathel (LR/389). Without entering into the details, such words end with a syllabic consonant (as in English "people"), and several vocalizations are apparently possible in Sindarin. The epenthetical vowel is generally o, but it seems that a or e are also allowed. Regarding orchal, its origin is of course different, as it is a compound word where the second element clearly derives from KHAL, but it may be have been assimilated, later, to this class of words by analogy. We may therefore consider that orchel is a perfectly valid dialectal variantor+hall, OS *orkʰalla

orchallorchal

orchelorchal

orchoth* [ˈɔrxɔθ] n. class pl. of orch, orcs, as a race ◇ WJ/390orch+hoth

orgaladh* [ˈɔrgɑlɑð] n. Cal. fourth day of the Númenórean week, day of the White Tree ◇ LotR/DThis day was formerly called orgaladhad in the Elvish calendaraur+galadh

orgaladhad* [ɔrgˈɑlɑðɑd] n. Cal. fourth day of the Elvish week, day of the Two Trees ◇ LotR/DThis day was renamed orgaladh in the Númenórean calendaraur+galadh, with quenya influenced dual ending

orgilion* [ɔrgˈili.ɔn] n. Cal. first day of the week, day of the Stars ◇ LotR/Daur+gil, with archaic genitive

orithil* [ˈɔriθil̡] n. Cal. third day of the week, day of the Moon ◇ LotR/Daur+ithil

ormenel* [ˈɔrmɛnɛl̡] n. Cal. fifth day of the week, Heavens' day ◇ LotR/Daur+menel

orn* [ˈɔrn] pl. yrn [ˈyrn] n. Bot. (any large) tree ◇ Ety/379, S/435, Letters/426

orod* [ˈɔrɔd] pl. ered* [ˈɛrɛd] (eryd*, ereid) n. mountain ◇ Ety/379, S/435, Letters/263, TC/178

orodben* [ɔrˈɔdbɛn] pl. œrydbin* [ɛrˈydbin] n. mountaineer, one living in the mountains ◇ WJ/376orod+pen

orodrim [ɔrˈɔdrim] n. range of mountains ◇ Ety/379orod+rim

ortha- [ˈɔrθɑ] pa. t. orthant [ˈɔrθɑnt] v. to raise ◇ Ety/379orthad* ger.ortho v. inf.

orthad* [ˈɔrθɑd] ger. of ortha-, rising ◇ MR/373

orthant pa. t. of ortha-

ortheli [ˈɔrθɛli] v. inf. to roof, screen above ◇ Ety/391

orthelian [ɔrθˈɛli.ɑn] n. canopy ◇ Ety/391

ortheri [ˈɔrθɛri] v. inf. of orthor-, to master, conquer ◇ Ety/395

ortho [ˈɔrθɔ] v. inf. of ortha-, to raise ◇ Ety/379

orthor- [ˈɔrθɔr] v. to master, conquer ◈ ortheri v. inf.orthor v. 3rd

orthor [ˈɔrθɔr] v. 3rd of orthor-, (he) masters, conquers ◇ Ety/395

œrydbin* pl. of orodben

os- [ɔs] pref. about, around ◇ Ety/379

osgar- [ˈɔsgɑr] v. to cut round, to amputate ◈ esgeri v. inf.osgar v. 3rd

osgar [ˈɔsgɑr] v. 3rd of osgar-, (he) cuts, amputates ◇ Ety/379

osp [ˈɔsp] n. reek, smoke ◇ Ety/396

ost* [ˈɔst] n. 1. city, town with wall round ○ 2. fortress or stronghold, made or strenghtened by art ◇ Ety/379, S/435, WJ/414

ostradothrad

othlonothlonn

othlondothlonn

othlonn* [ˈɔθlɔnn] (othlond, othlon) n. paved way ◇ Ety/370, X/ND4ost+lond

othrad [ˈɔθrɑd] (ostrad) n. street ◇ Ety/383, X/Zost+râd

othrond* → othronn

othronn* [ˈɔθrɔnn] (othrond*) n. fortress or city in underground caves, underground stronghold ◇ Ety/379, Ety/384, WJ/414, X/ND4ost+rond

othui* [ˈɔθuj] adj. num. seventh ◇ VT/42:10,25

ovor [ˈɔvr̩] (ovr, ofr) adj. abundant ◇ Ety/396

ovrovor

ovra- [ˈɔvrɑ] v. to abound ◈ ovro v. inf.

ovras [ˈɔvrɑs] n. crowd, heap. ◇ Ety/396

ovro [ˈɔvrɔ] v. inf. of ovra-, to abound ◇ Ety/396

P

pâd* [pˈɑːd] n. way ← Aphadon (*ap-pata), Tharbad (*thara-pata) WJ/387, S/438

pada-* [pˈɑdɑ] v. to walk ← Aphadon (*ap-pata), Tharbad (*thara-pata) WJ/387, S/438

pae* [pˈɑɛ] adj. num. ten ◇ VT/42:25See also caer

paenui* [pˈɑɛnuj] adj. num. tenth ◇ VT/42:25

paich* [pˈɑjx] (peich) n. juice, syrup ◇ Ety/382, X/EI

pain* I pl. of pân I

pain* II pl. of pân II

palan-* [pˈɑlɑn] adv. afar, abroad, far and wide ◇ LotR/II:I, LotR/IV:X, RGEO/72-74Q palan

palath [pˈɑlɑθ] n. surface ◇ Ety/380

pân I [pˈɑːn] pl. pain* [pˈɑjn] (pein) n. plank, fixed board, especially in floor ◇ Ety/380, X/EI

pân* II [pˈɑːn] pl. pain* [pˈɑjn] adj. all, in totality ← mhellyn în phain SD/129-31As no other word beginning in ph- is attested, it is assumed that a nasal mutation is triggered by the pronoun în I, hence the form observed in the "King's Letter"

panas [pˈɑnɑs] n. floor ◇ Ety/380

pand* [pˈɑnd] (pann) n. courtyard ◇ Ety/380, X/ND1

pann Ipand

pann II [pˈɑnn] adj. wide ◇ Ety/380

panna- I [pˈɑnnɑ] v. to open, to enlarge ◈ panno v. inf.

panna- II [pˈɑnnɑ] (pannod) v. to fill ◇ Ety/366, X/Z

panno [pˈɑnnɔ] v. inf. of panna- I, to open, to enlarge ◇ Ety/380

pannodpanna- II

pant* [pˈɑnt] adj. full ◇ Ety/366, SD/129-31

parch [pˈɑrx] adj. dry ◇ Ety/380

parf [pˈɑrv] pl. perf [pˈɛrv] n. book ◇ Ety/380

parth* [pˈɑrθ] n. field, enclosed grassland ◇ UT/260, PM/330

path [pˈɑθ] adj. smooth ◇ Ety/380

pathra- [pˈɑθrɑ] v. to fill ◈ pathro v. inf.

pathred [pˈɑθrɛd] n. fullness ◇ Ety/366

pathro [pˈɑθrɔ] v. inf. of pathra-, to fill ◇ Ety/366

pathu* [pˈɑθu] (pathw) n. level space, sward ◇ Ety/380, X/W

pathwpathu

paur* [pˈɑur] n. fist (often used to mean "hand"; its chief use was in reference of the tighly closed hand, as in using an implement or a craft-tool, rather than to the fist used in punching) ◇ Ety/366, S/429, PM/179, PM/318

paw [pˈɑw] n. sickness ◇ Ety/366

ped-* [pˈɛd] pa. t. pent* [pˈɛnt] v. to speak, to say ← pedo, arphent LotR/II:IV, TL/21:09pêd* v. 3rdpedo* v. imp.

pêd* [pˈɛːd] v. 3rd of ped-, (he) says ← guren bêd enni VT/41:11

pedo* [pˈɛdɔ] v. imp. of ped-, speak! say! ◇ LotR/II:IV, Letters/424

peg [pˈɛg] n. small spot, dot ◇ Ety/382

peichpaich

pein pl. of pân Ipain I

pel [pˈɛl̡] pl. peli [pˈɛli] n. fenced field (Old English tún) ◇ Ety/380

peleth* [pˈɛlɛθ] n. fading, withering ← Narbeleth LotR/D

peli pl. of pel

pelia- [pˈɛli.ɑ] v. to spread ◈ pelio v. inf.

pelin [pˈɛlin] n. fading, withering ← Lhasbelin Ety/366

pelio [pˈɛli.ɔ] v. inf. of pelia-, to spread ◇ Ety/380

pelthaes [pˈɛl̡θɑɛs] n. pivot ◇ Ety/380, Ety/390

pen* I [pɛn] prep. without, lacking, -less ← Iarwain ben-adar LotR/II:II

pen* II [pɛn] pron. one, somebody, anybody ◇ WJ/376Usually enclitic; mutated as ben

pend [pˈɛnd] (penn) n. declivity ◇ Ety/380, X/ND1

pendradpendrath

pendrath [pˈɛndrɑθ] (pendrad) n. passage up or down slope, stairway ◇ Ety/380, X/ND3pend+rath, pend+râd

peng [pˈɛŋ] n. bow (for shooting) ◇ Ety/366

penia- [pˈɛni.ɑ] v. to fix, to set ◈ penio v. inf.

penio [pˈɛni.ɔ] v. inf. of penia-, to fix, to set ◇ Ety/380

pennpend

penna-* [pˈɛnnɑ] v. to slant down ◇ LotR/II:I, RGEO/72

pennas [pˈɛnnɑs] n. history, historical account ◇ Ety/366, WJ/192, WJ/206

penninarpenninor

penninor [pˈɛnninɔr] (penninar) n. Cal. last day of the year ◇ Ety/400, X/Zpant+în+aur

pent* I pa. t. of ped-

pent II [pˈɛnt] n. tale ◇ Ety/366

per- [pɛr] pref. half, divided in middle

peredhel* [pˈɛrɛðɛl̡] pl. peredhil* [pˈɛrɛðil̡] n. half-elf ◇ S/430, LotR/A(i)per-+edhel

peredhil* pl. of peredhel

perf pl. of parf

periain* pl. of perian

perian* [pˈɛri.ɑn] pl. periain* [pˈɛri.ɑjn] n. hobbit, halfling ◇ LotR/VI:IV, LotR/E, RGEO/75, Letters/308, X/ND4per+-ianperiannath* n. coll.

periannath* [pˌɛri.ˈɑnnɑθ] n. coll. of perian, the hobbits, halflings ◇ LotR/VI:IV, LotR/E-F, RGEO/75, Letters/308

perin [pˈɛrin] adj. half, divided in middle ◇ Ety/380

pesseg [pˈɛssɛg] n. pillow ◇ Ety/366

peth* [pˈɛθ] n. word ◇ Ety/366, LotR/II:IV, RS/463

pethron [pˈɛθrɔn] n. narrator ◇ Ety/366

phain* pl. nasal mut. of pân II

pheriain* pl. nasal mut. of perian

pheriannath* coll. nasal mut. of perian

pichenpihen

pigen [pˈigɛn] adj. tiny ◇ Ety/382

pihen [pˈihɛn] (pichen) adj. juicy ◇ Ety/382, X/Z

pinnath* [pˈinnɑθ] n. coll. ridges ◇ LotR/Index

pôd [pˈɔːd] pl. pŷd [pˈyːd] n. animal's foot ◇ Ety/382

post [pˈɔst] n. pause, halt, rest, cessation, respite ◇ Ety/382

presta- [prˈɛstɑ] v. to affect, trouble, disturb ◈ prestannen pp.presto v. inf.

prestannen [prɛstˈɑnnɛn] pp. of presta-, 1. affected ○ 2. Ling. mutated (of a mutated vowel) ◇ Ety/380

prestanneth [prɛstˈɑnnɛθ] n. Ling. affection of vowels, mutation ◇ Ety/380

presto [prˈɛstɔ] v. inf. of presta-, to affect, trouble, disturb ◇ Ety/380

puia- [pˈuj.ɑ] v. to spit ◈ puio v. inf.

puig [pˈujg] adj. clean, tidy, neat ◇ Ety/382

puio [pˈuj.ɔ] v. inf. of puia-, to spit ◇ Ety/382

pŷd pl. of pôd

R

rach* [rˈɑx] pl. raich* [rˈɑjx] n. wain ← Gondraich UT/465

râd [rˈɑːd] n. path, track ◇ Ety/383

rada- [rˈɑdɑ] v. to make a way, find a way ◈ rado v. inf.

rado [rˈɑdɔ] v. inf. of rada-, to make a way, find a way ◇ Ety/383

raeda-* [rˈɑɛdɑ] v. to catch in a net ◇ VT/42:12

raef* [rˈɑɛv] n. net ◇ VT/42:12

raeg* [rˈɑɛg] (rhoeg) adj. crooked, bent, wrong ◇ Ety/383, X/OE, X/RH

raen* I [rˈɑɛn] (rhaen) adj. crooked ◇ Ety/382, X/RH

raen* II [rˈɑɛn] adj. nettled, enlaced ◇ VT/42:11

raew* [rˈɑɛw] (rhaew) n. fathom ◇ Ety/382, X/RH

rafn* [rˈɑvn] (rhafn) n. wing (horn), extended point at side, etc. ◇ Ety/382, X/RH

raich* pl. of rach

rain* I [rˈɑjn] (rhain, rhein) n. border ◇ Ety/383, X/RH

rain* II [rˈɑjn] (rein II) n. erratic wandering ◇ VT/42:13

rainc* pl. of ranc

rais* pl. of ras

ram* [rˈɑm] (rham, rhamb) n. wall ◇ Ety/382, S/436, X/RH

rammas* [rˈɑmmɑs] n. (great) wall ◇ LotR/V:I, LotR/Index

ranc* [rˈɑŋk] (rhanc) pl. rainc* [rˈɑjŋk] (rhenc) n. arm ◇ Ety/382, X/RH

randír* [rˈɑndiːr] (rhandir) n. m. wanderer, pilgrim ◇ Ety/383, VT/42:13, X/RH

rant* [rˈɑnt] n. 1. lode, vein ○ 2. course, riverbed ◇ Ety/383, S/436

raph* [rˈɑf] n. rope ← Udalraph UT/424

ras* [rˈɑs] (rhass (corr. rhaes)) pl. rais* [rˈɑjs] n. horn (especially on living animal, but also applied to mountains) ◇ Ety/383, LotR/E, S/436, X/RH

rasg* [rˈɑsg] (rhasg) n. horn (especially on living animal, but also applied to mountains) ◇ Ety/383, X/RH

rath* [rˈɑθ] n. 1. course, riverbed ○ 2. street ◇ Ety/383, LotR/Index

raud* [rˈɑud] (rhaud) n. metal ◇ Ety/383, X/RHGeneralized from OS *rauta "copper"

raudh* [rˈɑuð] (rhaudh) adj. hollow, cavernous ◇ Ety/384, X/RH

raug* [rˈɑug] (graug*, rhaug) n. a powerful, hostile and terrible creature, a demon ◇ Ety/384, S/436, WJ/415, X/RH

raun* [rˈɑun] (rhaun) adj. errant ◇ Ety/383, X/RH

raw* I [rˈɑw] (rhaw) n. bank (especially of a river) ◇ Ety/382, X/RH

raw* II [rˈɑw] (rhaw) pl. roe* [rˈɔɛ] (rhui) n. lion ◇ Ety/383, X/RH

redhi* [rˈɛði] (rhedhi) v. inf. to sow ◇ Ety/383, X/RH

rein* I [rˈɛjn] (rhein, rhœin) n. slot, spoor, track, footprint ◇ Ety/384, X/RH

reinrain II

rem* I [rˈɛm] n. mesh, net (esp. for catching, hunter's or fisher's net) ◇ LotR/E, VT/42:29

rem* II [rˈɛm] (rhem, rhemb) adj. frequent, numerous ◇ Ety/383, X/RH

remmen* [rˈɛmmɛn] pl. remmin* [rˈɛmmin] pp. woven, netted, tangled ← galadhremmin LotR/E, LotR/II:I, RGEO/72

remmin* pl. of remmen

rend* [rˈɛnd] (rhinn (corr. rhenn)) adj. circular ◇ Ety/383, X/RH, X/ND1

renia-* [rˈɛni.ɑ] v. to stray ◈ renio* v. inf.

renio* [rˈɛni.ɔ] (rhenio) v. inf. of renia-, to stray ◇ Ety/383, X/RH

rest* [rˈɛst] (rhest) n. cut ◇ Ety/384, X/RH

revia-* [rˈɛvi.ɑ] v. 1. to fly, sail ○ 2. to wander ◈ revio* v. inf.

revio* [rˈɛvi.ɔ] (rhevio (corr. rhenio)) v. inf. of revia-, 1. to fly, sail ○ 2. to wander ◇ Ety/382, X/RH

rhach* [ɹ̥ˈɑx] n. curse ← e-'Rach MR/373

rhaenraen

rhaewraew

rhafnrafn

rhainrain I

rhamram

rhambram

rhancranc

rhandirrandír

rhasgrasg

rhass (corr. rhaes) Iras

rhass II [ɹ̥ˈɑss] n. precipice ◇ Ety/363

rhaudraud

rhaudhraudh

rhaugraug

rhaunraun

rhavan* [ɹ̥ˈɑvɑn] pl. rhevain* [ɹ̥ˈɛvɑjn] n. wild man ◇ WJ/219

rhaw Iraw I

rhaw II [ɹ̥ˈɑw] n. wilderness ◇ Ety/382, X/RH

rhaw* III [ɹ̥ˈɑw] n. flesh, body ◇ MR/350

rhaw IVraw II

rhedhiredhi

rhein Irain I

rhein IIrein I

rhemrem II

rhembrem II

rhenc pl. of rancrainc

rheniorenio

rhessriss

rhestrest

rhevain* pl. of rhavan

rhevio (corr. rhenio) → revio

rhî

rhib- Irib-

rhib-* II [ɹ̥ib-] v. to scratch ◈ rhibi* v. inf.

rhibi* [ɹ̥ˈibi] (thribi) v. inf. of rhib- II, to scratch ◇ Ety/387, X/RH

rhienrîn I

rhîfrîw

rhim Irim I

rhim IIrim II

rhimb Irim I

rhimb IIrim II

rhînrîn I

rhincrinc

rhindrind

rhingring

rhingornringorn

rhinn Irind

rhinn (corr. rhenn) IIrend

rhisriss

rhîsrîs

rhistoristo

rhithoritho

rhîw* [ɹ̥ˈiːw] n. Cal. winter season ◇ LotR/D

rhoegraeg

rhofalroval

rhofel pl. of rovalrovail

rhœinrein I

rhomrom

rhomruromru

rhondrond

rhonnrond

rhoscrhosg

rhosg* [ɹ̥ˈɔsg] (rhosc) adj. brown ◇ Ety/385, X/Z

rhoss Iross I

rhoss* II [ɹ̥ˈɔss] (thross) n. whisper or rustling sound ◇ Ety/386, X/RH

rhovan* [ɹ̥ˈɔvɑn] adj. wild ← Rhovanion LotR/Map

rhû

rhufenrhuven

rhui I pl. of raw IIroe

rhui IIrui

rhuiwrui

rhûn* [ɹ̥ˈuːn] n. east ◇ Ety/384, S/436, LotR/E

rhúnen* [ɹ̥ˈuːnɛn] adj. eastern ← Talath Rhúnen S/420

rhuven* [ɹ̥ˈuvɛn] (rhufen) n. Arch., Poet. east ◇ Ety/384, X/RH

rhŷnrŷn

* [rˈiː] (rhî) n. crown, wreath, garland ◇ Ety/383, PM/347, X/RH

rib-* [rˈib] (rhib-) v. to flow like a (torrent ?) ◇ Ety/384, X/RHThe reading of the gloss is uncertain

rîf* [rˈiːv] n. bark ← Fladrif LotR/E, TC/169, TC/173

rim* I [rˈim] (rhim, rhimb) n. crowd, host, great number ◇ Ety/383, S/436, Letters/178, Letters/382, X/RH

rim* II [rˈim] (rhim, rhimb) n. cold pool or lake (in mountains) ◇ Ety/384, X/RH

rîn* I [rˈiːn] (rhîn, rhien) n. and adj. 1. crowned ○ 2. by ext. as a noun, crowned lady, queen ◇ Ety/393, Ety/389, X/RH

rîn* II [rˈiːn] n. remembrance ◇ PM/372

rinc* [rˈiŋk] (rhinc) n. twitch, jerk, trick, sudden move ◇ Ety/383, X/RH

rind* [rˈind] (rhind, rhinn) n. circle ◇ Ety/383, X/RH, X/ND1

ring* [rˈiŋ] (rhing) adj. cold ◇ Ety/383, S/436, VT/42:13, X/RH

ringorn* [rˈiŋgɔrn] (rhingorn) n. circle ◇ Ety/365, X/RHrind+corn

rîs* [rˈiːs] (rhîs) n. queen ◇ Ety/383, X/RH

riss* [rˈiss] (rhis, rhess) n. ravine ◇ Ety/384, X/RH

rista-* [rˈistɑ] v. 1. to cut ○ 2. to rend, rip ◈ risto* v. inf.

risto* [rˈistɔ] (rhisto) v. inf. of rista-, 1. to cut ○ 2. to rend, rip ◇ Ety/384, X/RH

ritha-* [rˈiθɑ] v. to jerk, twitch, snarch ◈ ritho* v. inf.

ritho* [rˈiθɔ] (rhitho) v. inf. of ritha-, to jerk, twitch, snarch ◇ Ety/383, X/RH

rîw* [rˈiːw] (rhîf) n. edge, hem, border ◇ Ety/383, X/RH

roch* [rˈɔx] n. Zool. horse, swift horse for riding ◇ Ety/384, S/436, Letters/178, Letters/282, Letters/382

rochben* [rˈɔxbɛn] pl. rochbin* [rˈɔxbin] (rœchbin*) n. (horse) rider ◇ WJ/376roch+pen

rochbin* pl. of rochben

rœchbin* pl. of rochbenrochbin

rochir* [rˈɔxir] n. horse-lord ◇ Letters/178, Letters/282roch+hîrrochirrim* n. class pl.

rochirrim* [rɔxˈirrim] n. class pl. of rochir, horse-lords, the people of Rohan ◇ LotR, etc.rochir+rim

rochon* [rˈɔxɔn] n. (horse) rider ◇ UT/463

rodon* [rˈɔdɔn] pl. rodyn* [rˈɔdyn] n. Theo. Vala, divinity ◇ LotR/DOS *(a)råto(ndo) "noble one", CE *arâtô

rodwen* [rˈɔdwɛn] n. high virgin noble ◇ WJ/317

rodyn* pl. of rodon

roe* pl. of raw II

rom* [rˈɔm] (rhom) n. horn, trumpet ◇ Ety/384, WJ/400, X/RH

romru* [rˈɔmru] (rhomru) n. sound of horns ◇ Ety/384, X/RHrom+rû

rond* [rˈɔnd] (rhond, rhonn) n. 1. cave ○ 2. vaulted or arched roof, as seen from below (and usually not visible from outside), or a (large) hall of chamber so roofed ◇ Ety/384, S/437, WJ/414, X/RH, X/ND1

ross* I [rˈɔss] (rhoss) n. rain ◇ Ety/384, X/RH

ross* II [rˈɔss] adj. red-haired, copper coloured, especially used of animals, as fox, red deer, etc. ◇ VT/41:10

rosta- [rˈɔstɑ] v. to hollow out, excavate ◈ rosto v. inf.

rosto [rˈɔstɔ] v. inf. of rosta-, to hollow out, excavate ◇ Ety/384

rovail* pl. of roval

roval* [rˈɔvɑl] (rhofal) pl. rovail* [rˈɔvɑjl] (rhofel) n. pinion, great wing (of eagle) ← Landroval LotR/VI:IV, Ety/382, X/RH

* [rˈuː] (rhû) n. Arch., Poet. loud-sound, trumpet-sound ◇ Ety/384, X/RH

rûdh* [rˈuːð] adj. bald ◇ S/379, WJ/187

rui* [rˈuj] (rhui, rhuiw) n. hunt, hunting ◇ Ety/384, X/RH

ruin* [rˈujn] adj. (fiery) red ◇ PM/366

rusc* [rˈusk] n. Zool. fox ◇ VT/41:10

rust* [rˈust] n. copper ◇ VT/41:10

rustui* [rˈustuj] adj. of copper ◇ VT/41:10

rûth* [rˈuːθ] n. anger ◇ S/436

rŷn* [rˈyːn] (rhŷn) n. Zool. "chaser", hound of chase ◇ Ety/384, X/RH

S

sabar* [sˈɑbɑr] n. delved mine ← Nornhabar, Anghabar WJ/209, WJ/419, S/380The unmutated form is reconstructed from the place name Nornhabar, assuming that the second word is mutated in composition. Though habar as the regular form might be possible as well, in the Qenyaqetsa we find the root SAPA 'dig, excavate' (PE/12:82), so it seems most likely that Tolkien reused this old base, and that the underlying form in those names would indeed be sabar

sad* [sˈɑd] n. limited area naturally or artificially defined, a place, spot ◇ UT/425, VT/42:20

sâdh* [sˈɑːð] n. sward, turf ◇ VT/42:20

sador* [sˈɑdr̩] n. faithful one ← Sador (name)Sador was Túrin's faithful servant. The meaning of this noun is deduced from sadron, assuming that these words are in the same kind of relation as hador and hadron

sadron* [sˈɑdrɔn] pl. sedryn* [sˈɛdryn] n. faithful one ◇ UT/431See also sador

sael* [sˈɑɛl] adj. wise ← Saelon WJ/233, MR/305, SD/129-31

saer [sˈɑɛr] adj. bitter ◇ Ety/385

saew [sˈɑɛw] n. poison ◇ Ety/385

said* [sˈɑjd] adj. private, separate, not common, excluded ◇ VT/42:20

sain* [sˈɑjn] (sein) pl. sîn [sˈiːn] adj. new ◇ Ety/385, X/EI

salab [sˈɑlɑb] pl. selaib* [sˈɛlɑjb] (seleb) n. Bot. herb ◇ Ety/385, X/EI

salfsalph

salph* [sˈɑlf] (salf) n. broth, liquid food, soup ◇ Ety/385, X/PH

sam* [sˈɑm] n. chamber ← Sammath LotR/VI:III, S/435Q sambesammath* n. coll.

sammath* [sˈɑmmɑθ] n. coll. of sam, chambers ◇ LotR/VI:III, S/435

sant* [sˈɑnt] n. garden, field, yard, or other place in private ownership whether enclosed or not ◇ VT/42:20

sarch* [sˈɑrx] n. grave ◇ UT/463

sarn* [sˈɑrn] n. 1. stone as a material ○ 2. small stone ◇ Ety/385, S/437, UT/463, VT/42:11Sern in UT/463 is a misprint, see VT/42:11

sarnas [sˈɑrnɑs] n. cairn, pile of stones ◇ LR/406

sautha- [sˈɑuθɑ] v. to drain ◇ Ety/388

saw [sˈɑw] pl. soe* [sˈɔɛ] (sui) n. juice ◇ Ety/385, X/Z

sedryn* pl. of sadron

seidia-* [sˈɛjdi.ɑ] v. to set aside, appropriate to a special purpose or owner ◇ VT/42:20

seinsain

selaib* pl. of salab

seleb pl. of salabselaib

sell [sˈɛl̡l] n. f. 1. daughter ○ 2. girl, maid (child) ◇ Ety/385sellath* n. coll.

sellath* [sˈɛl̡lɑθ] n. coll. of sell, all the daughters ◇ SD/129-31

sen* [sɛn] pl. sin* [sin] adj. this ← i thiw hin LotR/II:IVThis demonstrative adjective is probably enclitic. It has been suggested that this possibility could perhaps explain why the mutated form of tîw on the Doors of Durin is thiw instead of the expected thîw, see HL/69

sennui* [sˈɛnnuj] adj. rather, instead (used as an adverb?) ◇ SD/129-31

sereg* [sˈɛrɛg] n. blood ◇ S/437

seregon* [sˈɛrɛgɔn] n. Bot. "Blood of Stone", a plant of the kind called in English "stonecrop", with deep red flowers, that grew on Amon Rûdh ◇ S/437sereg+gond

seron* [sˈɛrɔn] n. lover ◇ PM/348

si* [si] adv. now ◇ LotR/IV:X, LB/354

* [sˈiː] adv. here ◇ LotR/II:I, RGEO/72

sîdh [sˈiːð] n. peace ◇ Ety/385

sigil I [sˈigil̡] n. dagger, knife ◇ Ety/385Q sicil

sigil II [sˈigil̡] n. necklace ← Sigil Elu-naeth WJ/258

síla- [sˈiːlɑ] v. to shine white ◈ síla v. 3rd

síla [sˈiːlɑ] v. 3rd of síla-, (he) shines white ◇ LB/354

silivren* [silˈivrɛn] adj. (white) glittering ◇ LotR/II:I, RGEO/72silif+-ren

sin* pl. of sen

sîn pl. of sain

siniath [sˈini.ɑθ] n. coll. news, tidings ◇ Ety/385

sinnarn [sˈinnɑrn] n. novel tale ◇ Ety/385sain+narn

sír* [sˈiːr] adv. today ◇ VT/44:21,27

sîr* [sˈiːr] n. river ◇ Ety/385, S/437

siria- [sˈiri.ɑ] v. to flow ◈ sirio v. inf.

sirio [sˈiri.ɔ] v. inf. of siria-, to flow ◇ Ety/385

sirion [sˈiri.ɔn] n. great river ← Sirion Ety/385

sirith* [sˈiriθ] n. flowing ◇ S/437, VT/42:11

soe* pl. of saw

sôg [sˈɔːg] v. 3rd of soga-, (he) drinks ◇ Ety/388

soga- [sˈɔgɑ] pa. t. asogant [ˈɑsɔgɑnt] (sunc) v. to drink ◇ Ety/388sôg v. 3rdsogannen (corr. sogennen) pp.sogo v. inf.

sogannen (corr. sogennen) [sɔgˈɑnnɛn] pp. of soga-, drunk ◇ Ety/388

sogo [sˈɔgɔ] v. inf. of soga-, to drink ◇ Ety/388

solch [sˈɔlx] n. Bot. root (especially as edible) ◇ Ety/388

sollen* [sˈɔllɛn] pp. closed ← Fen Hollen LotR/V:IVThe unmutated form is reconstructed from the place name Fen Hollen, assuming that the word, used in adjectival position, is mutated. However hollen as the regular form might be possible as well: it could be expected to be mutated likewise (into *chollen), but on the other hand the example of Nen Hithoel seems to show that words beginning with an h may resist to the lenition

sui I pl. of sawsoe

sui* II [sˈuj] prep. as, like ◇ VT/44:21,27

suil* [sˈujl] n. greeting ← Arassuil LotR/A(ii)Deduced from Arassuil, conceivably aran+suil. For the meaning, see suilad

suila-* [sˈujlɑ] v. to greet ← suilad SD/129-31suilad* ger.

suilad* [sˈujlɑd] ger. of suila-, greeting ◇ SD/129-31

suilanna-* [sujlˈɑnnɑ] v. to greet, to give greetings ← suilannad SD/129-31suilannad* ger.

suilannad* [sujlˈɑnnɑd] ger. of suilanna-, greeting, giving of greetings ◇ SD/129-31

suith* [sˈujθ] (sûth) n. draught ◇ Ety/388, X/Z

sûl* I [sˈuːl] n. wind ◇ S/437Q súlë

sûl II [sˈuːl] n. goblet ◇ Ety/388

sunc pa. t. of soga-asogant

sûthsuith

T

tachltachol

tachol [tˈɑxl̩] (tachl) n. pin, brooch ◇ Ety/389

tad-* → tâd

tad-dail* pl. of tad-dal

tad-dal* [tˈɑd.dɑl] pl. tad-dail* [tˈɑd.dɑjl] n. and adj. Zool. biped, two-legged animal ◇ WJ/388tâd+tâl

tâd* [tˈɑːd] (tad*) adj. num. two ◇ Ety/349, Ety/391, WJ/388, VT/42:25-27

tadol [tˈɑdɔl] adj. double ◇ Ety/391

tadui* [tˈɑduj] adj. num. second ◇ VT/42:10

taeg* [tˈɑɛg] n. boundary, limit, boundary line ◇ WJ/309

taen I [tˈɑɛn] n. height, summit of high mountain ◇ Ety/389

taen II [tˈɑɛn] adj. long (and thin) ◇ Ety/391

taer [tˈɑɛr] adj. straight ◇ Ety/392Written tær (with ae-ligature) in the Etymologies

taes [tˈɑɛs] n. nail ◇ Ety/390

taetha- [tˈɑɛθɑ] v. to fasten, tie ◈ taetho v. inf.

taetho [tˈɑɛθɔ] v. inf. of taetha-, to fasten, tie ◇ Ety/389

taew [tˈɑɛw] n. holder, socket, hasp, clasp, staple ◇ Ety/390

tafnen* [tˈɑvnɛn] adj. closed, blocked, stopped ← uidavnen WR/341Normalized to tafnen, as for lefnui

tafrtavor

tagol* [tˈɑgl̩] n. post, mark ← glandagol VT/42:8, VT/42:28

taid* [tˈɑjd] adj. second (in the sense of supporting, second in command) ◇ VT/42:25

tail* pl. of tâl

taith* [tˈɑjθ] (teith) n. mark ◇ Ety/391, X/EI

tâl [tˈɑːl] pl. tail* [tˈɑjl] (teil) n. foot ← tad-dail WJ/388, Ety/390, S/429, S/437, X/EI

talad [tˈɑlɑd] n. an incline, slope ◇ Ety/390

talaf [tˈɑlɑv] pl. telaif* [tˈɛlɑjv] (teleif) n. ground, floor ◇ Ety/390, X/EI

talagan* [tˈɑlɑgɑn] (talagand) n. harper ◇ Ety/377, X/ND4

talagandtalagan

talan* [tˈɑlɑn] pl. telain* [tˈɛlɑjn] n. wooden platform (in the trees of Lothlórien where the Galadhrim dwelt) ◇ UT/465, LotR/II:VI

talath* [tˈɑlɑθ] (dalath) n. 1. flat surface, plane ○ 2. flat land, plain, (wide) valley ← Talath Dirnen UT/465, Ety/353, S/437

talf* I [tˈɑlv] (dalf) n. palm of hand ◇ Ety/353

talf* II [tˈɑlv] n. flat field, flat land ← Nindalf TC/195, LotR/Map

talraph* [tˈɑlrɑf] n. stirrup ← Udalraph UT/424tâl+raph "foot-rope"

talt [tˈɑlt] adj. slipping, falling, insecure ◇ Ety/390

talu* [tˈɑlu] (dalw) adj. flat ◇ Ety/353, X/W

tamma- [tˈɑmmɑ] v. to knock ◈ tammo (corr. tamno) v. inf.

tammo (corr. tamno) [tˈɑmmɔ] v. inf. of tamma-, to knock ◇ Ety/390

tanc [tˈɑŋk] adj. firm ◇ Ety/389

tang [tˈɑŋ] n. bowstring ◇ Ety/394

tangada- [tˈɑŋgɑdɑ] v. to make firm, confirm, establish ◈ tangado v. inf.

tangado [tˈɑŋgɑdɔ] v. inf. of tangada-, to make firm, confirm, establish ◇ Ety/389

tar-tara

tara [tˈɑrɑ] (tar-) adj. tough, stiff ◇ Ety/390

tarag [tˈɑrɑg] n. 1. horn ○ 2. by ext. steep mountain path ◇ Ety/391

tarias [tˈɑri.ɑs] n. stiffness, toughness, difficulty ◇ Ety/390

tarlanc [tˈɑrlɑŋk] adj. stiff-necked, obstinate ◇ Ety/390tara+lanc

tarstass

tass [tˈɑss] (tars) n. labour, task ◇ Ety/391

tathar* [tˈɑθr̩] (tathor) n. Bot. willow-tree ◇ Ety/391, S/438

tathortathar

tathren* [tˈɑθrɛn] adj. of willow, having willows ◇ Ety/391, S/438

taur I [tˈɑur] n. king (only used of the legitimate kings of whole tribes) ◇ Ety/389, Ety/395See also aran. In LotR/IV:IV, Frodo is called Daur, which might be the mutated form of this word

taur* II [tˈɑur] n. great wood, forest ◇ Ety/391, S/420, S/438

taur III [tˈɑur] adj. mighty, vast, overwhelming, huge, awful, high, sublime ◇ Ety/395

tauron* [tˈɑurɔn] n. forester ◇ S/421, PM/258

taus [tˈɑus] n. thatch ◇ Ety/395

tavor [tˈɑvr̩] (tavr, tafr) n. Orn. woodpecker (bird) ◇ Ety/390"knocker"

tavrtavor

taw [tˈɑw] adj. of wool, woollen ◇ Ety/394

tawar* [tˈɑwɑr] n. 1. wood (as a material) ○ 2. by ext. great wood, forest ← Tawar-in-Drúedain UT/467, Ety/391

tawaren [tˈɑwɑrɛn] pl. tewerin [tˈɛwɛrin] adj. wooden ◇ Ety/391

tawarwaith* [tɑwˈɑrwɑjθ] n. class pl. silvan elves ◇ UT/256tawar+gwaith "forest-elves"

[tˈɛː] n. line, way ◇ Ety/391

tegi [tˈɛgi] v. inf. of tog-, to lead, bring ◇ Ety/395

tegil* [tˈɛgil̡] n. pen ◇ PM/318Sindarized form of Quenya tekil, not known to the Sindar until the coming of the Ñoldor (but see however tegol for a possible dialectal variant)Q tekil

tegilbor* [tɛgˈil̡bɔr] n. one skilled in calligraphy ◇ PM/318tegil+paur

tegltegol

tegol [tˈɛgl̩] (tegl) n. pen ◇ Ety/391It is stated in PM/318 that "tegil was a Sindarized form of Quenya tekil "pen", not known to the Sindar until the coming of the Ñoldor". It must be assumed therefore that tegol was either rejected by Tolkien, or that it may perhaps have been considered as a dialectal variant. For a similar case where both a true Sindarin/Noldorin word and a Sindarized form conceivably coexist, see magol and megil "sword" (it is unlikely that weapons were not known to the Sindar)

teil pl. of tâltail

teilia-telia-

teilientelien

teiliotelio

teithtaith

teitha- [tˈɛjθɑ] pa. t. teithant [tˈɛjθɑnt] v. to write ◇ LotR/II:IVteitho v. inf.

teithant pa. t. of teitha-

teitho [tˈɛjθɔ] v. inf. of teitha-, to write ◇ Ety/391

telaif* pl. of talaf

telain* pl. of talan

telch [tˈɛl̡x] pl. tilch [tˈil̡x] n. stem ◇ Ety/391

tele [tˈɛlɛ] pl. telei [tˈɛlɛj] n. end, rear, hindmost part ◇ Ety/392

telei pl. of tele

teleif pl. of talaftelaif

teler* [tˈɛlɛr] pl. telir* [tˈɛlir] n. an elf, one of the Teleri ◇ PM/385telerrim* n. class pl.

telerrim* [tɛlˈɛrrim] n. class pl. of teler, the Teleri, a tribe of Elves ◇ PM/385teler+rim

teli [tˈɛli] v. inf. of tol-, to come ◇ Ety/395

telia- [tˈɛli.ɑ] (teilia-) v. to play ◈ telio v. inf.

telien [tˈɛli.ɛn] (teilien) n. sport, play ◇ Ety/395

telio [tˈɛli.ɔ] (teilio) v. inf. of telia-, to play ◇ Ety/395

telir* pl. of teler

telleintellen

tellen [tˈɛl̡lɛn] (tellein, tellœin) n. sole of foot ◇ Ety/384, Ety/390tâl+rein

tellœintellen

telu [tˈɛlu] n. dome, high roof ◇ Ety/391

ten* [dɛn] pron. (?)it (as object) ← caro den VT/44:21,25-6

terein pl. of tôrteryn

teryn* pl. of tôr

têw* [tˈɛːw] pl. tîw* [tˈiːw] n. letter, written sign ◇ Ety/391, WJ/396, LotR/II:IV, LotR/E, Letters/427

tewerin pl. of tawaren

thafn [θˈɑvn] n. post, wooden pillar ◇ Ety/387

thala [θˈɑlɑ] adj. stalwart, steady, firm ◇ Ety/388

thalion* [θˈɑli.ɔn] pl. thelyn [θˈɛlyn] n. hero, dauntless man (especially as surname of Húrin Thalion) ◇ Ety/388, S/438

tham [θˈɑm] (thamb) n. hall ◇ Ety/387

thamas [θˈɑmɑs] (thambas) n. great hall ◇ Ety/387

thambtham

thambasthamas

thanc* [θˈɑŋk] adj. cleft, split, forked ← Orthanc S/415, Ety/388

thand* [θˈɑnd] n. shield ← thangail UT/281-282

thang* [θˈɑŋ] n. compulsion, duress, need, oppression ◇ Ety/388, S/438

thangail* [θˈɑŋgɑjl] n. shield-fence, a battle formation of the Dúnedain ◇ UT/281-282thand+cail

thar-* [θɑr] pref. across, athwart, over, beyond ◇ Ety/388, S/438

thâr [θˈɑːr] n. stiff grass ◇ Ety/388

tharas [θˈɑrɑs] n. hassock, footstool ◇ Ety/388

tharbad* [θˈɑrbɑd] n. cross-way ◇ S/438thar-+pâd

tharn [θˈɑrn] adj. sapless, stiff, rigid, withered ◇ Ety/388

thaunthôn

thaur* [θˈɑur] adj. abominable, abhorrent ◇ S/438

thavron [θˈɑvrɔn] n. carpenter, wright, builder ◇ Ety/388

thaw [θˈɑw] adj. corrupt, rotten ◇ Ety/393

thel-* [θˈɛl̡] v. to intend, mean, purpose, resolve, will ◇ WJ/318-319

thêl [θˈɛːl] pl. thelei n. f. sister ◇ Ety/392

thela [θˈɛlɑ] n. point (of spear) ◇ Ety/388

thelei pl. of thêl

thelion* [θˈɛli.ɔn] n. one who remains firm in his purpose ← Aegthelion WJ/318

thelyn pl. of thalion

then* [θˈɛn] adj. short ◇ VT/42:29See also thent and estent

thenid [θˈɛnid] adj. firm, true, abiding ◇ Ety/388

thenin [θˈɛnin] adj. firm, true, abiding ◇ Ety/388

thent* [θˈɛnt] adj. short ◇ Ety/388, UT/146, WJ/311, WJ/315See also then and estent

therein pl. of thorontheryn

theryn* pl. of thoron

thia- [θˈi.ɑ] v. to appear, seem ◈ thia v. 3rdthio v. inf.

thia [θˈi.ɑ] v. 3rd of thia-, it appears ◇ Ety/392

thilia- [θˈili.ɑ] v. to glister ◈ thilio v. inf.

thilio [θˈili.ɔ] v. inf. of thilia-, to glister ◇ Ety/392The Etymologies erroneously class this word as Quenya

thin [θˈin] n. Poet. evening ◇ Ety/392

thind* [θˈind] (thinn) adj. grey, pale ◇ Ety/392, S/438

thinnthind

thinna- [θˈinnɑ] v. to fade, to grow towards evening ◇ Ety/392The punctuation in The Etymologies is considered incorrect (the full dot after this word should conceivably be a comma)

thinnas [θˈinnɑs] n. Ling. "shortness" (name of a mark indicating short quality of vowel) ◇ Ety/388

thio [θˈi.ɔ] v. inf. of thia-, to seem ◇ Ety/392

thîr* [θˈiːr] n. look, face, expression, countenance ◇ Ety/392, VT/41:10

thiw* pl. nasal mut. of têwLotR/II:IVThe mutated form of tîw on the Doors of Durin is thiw instead of the expected thîw. See sen for a discussion of this form

thîw* pl. nasal mut. of têwLetters/347See also thiw

thlaewlhaew

thlêlhê

thleinlhain II

thlîn pl. of lhain IIlhîn II

thlindlhind II

thlinglhing

thlingrillhingril

thlinnlhind II

thliwlhîw

thloewlhaew

thlosslhoss

thôl* [θˈɔːl] n. helm ◇ S/438

thôn* [θˈɔːn] (thaun) n. Bot. pine-tree ◇ Ety/392, S/438

thond* [θˈɔnd] n. root ◇ LotR/E, Letters/178

thoniel* [θˈɔni.ɛl̡] n. f. kindler ← Gilthoniel LotR/II:I, LotR/IV:X, RGEO/72-74

thôr* I [θˈɔːr] n. Orn. eagle ← Belecthor S/322,365, LotR/A(ii), Ety/392

thôr II [θˈɔːr] adj. swooping, leaping down ◇ Ety/393

thora- [θˈɔrɑ] v. to fence ◈ thoren pp.thoro- v. inf.

thoren [θˈɔrɛn] pp. of thora-, fenced ◇ Ety/393

thoro- [θˈɔrɔ] v. inf. of thora-, to fence ◇ Ety/393

thórod [θˈɔːrɔd] n. torrent ◇ Ety/393

thoron* [θˈɔrɔn] pl. theryn* [θˈɛryn] (therein) n. Orn. eagle ◇ Ety/392, S/438, X/ZBack-formed from the plural, see thôrthoronath* n. coll.

thoronath* [θˈɔrɔnɑθ] n. coll. of thoron, eagles ◇ S/387, S/438

thribirhibi

throssrhoss II

thû [θˈuː] n. stench ◇ Ety/393

thuia- [θˈuj.ɑ] v. to breathe ◈ thuio v. inf.

thuio [θˈuj.ɔ] v. inf. of thuia-, to breathe ◇ Ety/393

thûl [θˈuːl] n. breath ◇ Ety/393

thurin [θˈurin] adj. secret, hidden ◇ LB/304, Ety/394

ti* [ti] pron. them ← i gohenam di ai VT/44:21,30

[tˈiː] n. line, row ◇ Ety/392

tilch pl. of telch

tildtill

till [tˈil̡l] (tild) n. horn, point ◇ Ety/393

tîn* [tˈiːn] adj. his ← bess dîn SD/129-31

tinc [tˈiŋk] n. metal ◇ Ety/394

tindutinnu

tinna- [tˈinnɑ] v. to glint ◈ tinno v. inf.

tinno [tˈinnɔ] v. inf. of tinna-, to glint ◇ Ety/393

tinnu [tˈinnu] (tindu) n. 1. dusk, twilight, early night (without moon) ○ 2. starry twilight ◇ Ety/355, Ety/393, X/ND2tinu+dû

tint [tˈint] n. spark ◇ Ety/393

tinu* [tˈinu] (tinw) n. spark, small star ◇ Ety/393, X/W

tinwtinu

tir- [tˈir] v. to watch, to gaze, look at ◈ tiri v. inf.tiro* v. imp.tirnen* pp.

tîr [tˈiːr] adj. straight, right ◇ Ety/391

tíra-* [tˈiːrɑ] v. to see ← tírad SD/129-31tírad* ger.

tírad* [tˈiːrɑd] ger. of tíra-, to see, for the seing ◇ SD/129-31

tiri [tˈiri] v. inf. of tir-, to watch, to gaze, look at ◇ Ety/394

tiria- [tˈiri.ɑ] pa. t. tiriant [tˈiri.ɑnt] v. to watch, to gaze, look at ◇ Ety/394tirio v. inf.tiriel* part.tíriel* perf.

tiriant pa. t. of tiria-

tiriel* [tˈiri.ɛl̡] part. of tiria-, gazing ◇ LotR/II:I, LotR/IV:X, RGEO/72-74

tíriel* [tˈiːri.ɛl̡] perf. of tiria-, having gazed ◇ LotR/II:I, LotR/IV:X, RGEO/72-74

tirio [tˈiri.ɔ] v. inf. of tiria-, to watch, to gaze, look at ◇ Ety/394

tirith* [tˈiriθ] n. watch, guard (abstract noun), vigilance ◇ Ety/394, S/437, Letters/158, VT/42:11

tirn [tˈirn] n. watcher ← heledirn Ety/394

tirnen* [tˈirnɛn] pp. of tir-, guarded ← Talath Dirnen UT/465, Ety/394, S/437

tiro* [tˈirɔ] v. imp. of tir-, look! ◇ LotR/IV:X, RGEO/72, Letters/278-79, Letters/427

tithen [tˈiθɛn] pl. tithin [tˈiθin] adj. little, tiny ◇ Ety/394

tithin pl. of tithen

tîw* pl. of têw

toba- [tˈɔbɑ] v. to cover, roof over ◈ tobo v. inf.

tobas [tˈɔbɑs] n. roofing ◇ Ety/394

tobo [tˈɔbɔ] v. inf. of toba-, to cover, roof over ◇ Ety/394

tofn [tˈɔvn] adj. lowlying, deep, low ◇ Ety/394

tog- [tˈɔg] v. to lead, bring ◈ tegi v. inf.tôg v. 3rd

tôg [tˈɔːg] v. 3rd of tog-, (he) leads, brings ◇ Ety/395

tol- [tˈɔl] v. to come ◈ teli v. inf.tôl* v. 3rdtolo* v. imp.

tol* [tˈɔl] (toll) pl. tyll [tˈyll] n. island, isle rising with sheer sides from the sea or from a river ◇ Ety/394, S/438

tôl* [tˈɔːl] v. 3rd of tol-, (he) comes ◇ Ety/395, WJ/254According to WJ/301, the expression tôl acharn "vengeance comes" was later changed to tûl acharn by Tolkien

tolltol

tollui* [tˈɔlluj] adj. num. eighth ◇ VT/42:25See also tolothen

tolo* [tˈɔlɔ] v. imp. of tol-, come! ◇ VT/44:21,25

tolog [tˈɔlɔg] adj. stalwart, trusty ◇ Ety/395

toloth [tˈɔlɔθ] (tolodh*) adj. num. eight ◇ Ety/394, VT/42:25, VT/42:31Tolkien emended toloth to tolodh, cf. VT/42:31. If we are to follow him, a word such as tolothen would be incorrect, unless the two forms coexisted

tolothen* [tˈɔlɔθɛn] adj. num. eighth ← erin dolothen SD/129-31See also tollui

toltha- [tˈɔlθɑ] v. to fetch, to summon, make come ◈ toltho v. inf.

toltho [tˈɔlθɔ] v. inf. of toltha-, to fetch, to summon, make come ◇ Ety/395

tond [tˈɔnd] (tonn) adj. tall ◇ Ety/395, X/ND1

tong [tˈɔŋ] adj. taut, tight (of strings), resonant ◇ Ety/395

tonntond

tôr [tˈɔːr] pl. teryn* [tˈɛryn] (terein) n. m. Arch. brother ◇ Ety/394, X/ZThe word is muindor is more usual

torech [tˈɔrɛx] n. lair, hole ◇ WR/202

torog* [tˈɔrɔg] n. troll ◇ LotR/F

tortha- [tˈɔrθɑ] v. to wield, control ◈ tortho v. inf.

tortho [tˈɔrθɔ] v. inf. of tortha-, to wield, control ◇ Ety/395

toss [tˈɔss] n. Bot. bush, low-growing tree (as maple, hawthorn, blackthorn, holly, etc.) ◇ Ety/379, Ety/395

trann* [trˈɑnn] n. shire, administrative district, division of a realm ← i-Drann SD/129-31

trannail* [trˈɑnnɑjl] adj. of a shire ← genediad Drannail SD/129-31

trasta- [trˈɑstɑ] v. to harass, trouble ◇ Ety/391

tre- [trɛ] (tri) pref. through (but denoting completeness when prefixed to verbs, cf. English idioms like "talk something through") ◇ Ety/392

trenar- [trˈɛnɑr] pa. t. trenor [trˈɛnɔr] (trener) v. to recount, to tell to end ◇ Ety/374treneri v. inf.

trenarn [trˈɛnɑrn] n. account, tale ◇ Ety/374tre-+narn

trener pa. t. of trenar-trenor

treneri [trˈɛnɛri] v. inf. of trenar-, to recount, to tell to end ◇ Ety/374

trenor pa. t. of trenar-

trevad- [trˈɛvɑd] pa. t. trevant [trˈɛvɑnt] v. to traverse ◇ Ety/352trevedi v. inf.

trevant pa. t. of trevad-

trevedi [trˈɛvɛdi] v. inf. of trevad-, to traverse ◇ Ety/352

tritre-

trî [trˈiː] prep. through ◇ Ety/392

trîw [trˈiːw] adj. fine, slender ◇ Ety/392

[tˈuː] n. muscle, sinew, vigour, physical strength ◇ Ety/394

tûg [tˈuːg] adj. thick, fat ◇ Ety/394

tuituiw

tuia- [tˈuj.ɑ] v. 1. to sprout, spring ○ 2. to swell ◈ tuio v. inf.

tuilintuilinn

tuilindtuilinn

tuilinn [tˈujlinn] (tuilind, tuilin) n. Orn. swallow (bird) ◇ Ety/395, X/ND4"spring-singer"

tuio [tˈuj.ɔ] v. inf. of tuia-, 1. to sprout, spring ○ 2. to swell ◇ Ety/394-395

tuiw [tˈujw] (tui) n. Bot. a sprout, bud ◇ Ety/395

tulu [tˈulu] n. support, prop ◇ Ety/395

tulus [tˈulus] pl. tylys [ˈtylys] n. Bot. poplar-tree ◇ Ety/395

tum* [tˈum] n. deep valley, under or among hills ◇ Ety/394, S/438

tump [tˈump] n. hump ◇ Ety/395

tund [tˈund] (tunn) n. hill, mound ◇ Ety/395, X/ND1

tunntund

tûr [tˈuːr] n. mastery, victory ◇ Ety/395

tyll pl. of tol

tylys pl. of tulus

tyrn* [tˈyrn] n. pl. downs ◇ LotR/A(iii), PM/194Tyrn Gorthad "the Barrow-downs"

ú* [ˈuː] pref. no, not (negative prefix or particle) ◇ WJ/369, LotR/A(v)

úan [ˈuː.ɑn] n. monster ◇ Ety/351

U

uanui [ˈu.ɑnuj] adj. monstrous, hideous ◇ Ety/351

ubed [ˈubɛd] n. denial ◇ WR/132, WR/137-138

úgarth* [ˈuːgɑrθ] pl. úgerth* [ˈuːgɛrθ] n. bad deed, sin, trespass ◇ VT/44:21,28ú+carth

úgerth* pl. of úgarth

ui-* [uj] pref. ever ← uidafnen, uilos (see these words)Cognate of the quenya oi

ui [ˈuj] n. envelope, especially of the Outer Sea or Air enfolding the world within the Ilurambar or world-walls ◇ Ety/397

uial* [ˈuj.ɑl] n. twilight ◇ Ety/400, S/439, LotR/Dui-+gal

uidafnen* [ujdˈɑvnɛn] (uidavnen) adj. ever-closed ◇ WR/341Normalized to uidafnen, as in lefnuiui+tafnen "ever-blocked"

uidavnenuidafnen

uil [ˈujl] n. Bot. seaweed ◇ Ety/396See also gaeruil

uilos* [ˈujlɔs] n. and adj. 1. always white, ever white as snow ○ 2. Bot. as a noun, a small white everlasting flower also called simbelmynë, evermind, alfirin ◇ RGEO/74, Letters/278, UT/55See also alfirinui- + loss "everlasting snow, ever (white as) snow

uin* [ujn] prep. of the ◇ SD/129-31o+i

uir [ˈujr] n. eternity ◇ Ety/379

uireb [ˈujrɛb] adj. eternal ◇ Ety/379

ûl [ˈuːl] n. odour ◇ Ety/378

uluithiad* [ulˈujθi.ɑd] adj. unquenchable, without quenching ◇ SD/62ú+luithia-

ulunulunn

ulundulunn

ulunn* [ˈulunn] (ulund, ulun) n. monster, deformed and hideous creature ◇ Ety/396, X/ND4

um [ˈum] adj. bad, evil ◇ Ety/396

ûn [ˈuːn] n. creature ◇ Ety/379

ungol* [ˈuŋgl̩] n. spider ◇ Ety/366, WR/202, LotR

ûr I [ˈuːr] n. fire, heat ◇ Ety/396

ûr II [ˈuːr] n. wide ◇ Ety/396

urug* [ˈurug] n. orc (rarely used) ◇ WJ/390See also orch

urui* [ˈuruj] n. and adj. 1. hot ○ 2. Cal. as a noun, the month of august ◇ LotR/D

úthaes* [ˈuːθɑɛs] n. inducement to do wrong, temptation ◇ VT/44:30

V

vedui* soft mut. of medui

vi* [vi] prep. in ◇ VT/44:21,27

vín* soft mut. of mín II

vîr* soft mut. of mîr

Y

ylf* I [ˈylv] (iolf) n. brand ◇ Ety/400, X/IUThe word is classed as Old Noldorin (ON) in the Etymologies, but rather seems to be Noldorin

ylf* II [ˈylv] n. drinking-vessel ◇ WJ/416

ŷr* [ˈyːr] (iôr) n. course ◇ Ety/400, X/IU

yrch* pl. of orch

yrn pl. of orn