Dictionary compiled and adapted from various sources.
Core file encoded manually in XML (TEI P4).
XHTML version automatically generated from the XML (TEI) source using XSLT.
XSL-FO version automatically generated from the XHTML version using XSLT.
PDF version automatically generated from the XSL-FO version using PassiveTeX.
Phonetics are transcribed using the X-SAMPA scheme for representing the IPA in 7-bit ASCII encoding.
Hypothetical words, either interpreted, reconstructed or deduced from mutated forms, are all marked as deduced.
Phonetics and special delimiters are rendered in Unicode (UTF-8) in the XHTML version. The Lucida Sans Unicode font is assumed, for the document to display correctly, as well a browser supporting Unicode.
Phonetics are rendered in IPA in the PDF version. Some symbols used as delimiters are rendered with glyphs available to the typesetter, and might differ from the XHTML version.
Status: high.
This document has been extensively checked, although a few casual errors or typos may still remain.
XML file validated with Richard Tobin's RXP software, for conformance to a subset of the TEI P4 DTD.
XHTML version validated with Richard Tobin's RXP software, for compliance with XHTML 1.0 Transitional.
The XSL-FO version is not validated.
Probable errors in the sources have been corrected and marked with the <corr> tag.
In the XHTML version, corrections are rendered using a specific markup (misreadings, etc.).
hen* II [hˈɛn] (hend*, henn*, hên) pl. hin* [hˈin] (hîn) n. Biol. eye ◇ Ety/364, LotR/II:IX, WR/128, X/ND1
lhaw* [ɬˈɑw] n. pl. Biol. ears (referring to one person's pair of ears only) ◇ Ety/368, LotR/II:IX
lhewig [ɬˈɛwig] n. sing. of lhaw, Biol. ear ◇ Ety/368, LotR/II:IX
nem [nˈɛm] (nemb) n. Biol. nose ◇ Ety/376
aeglos* [ˈɑɛglɔs] n. 1. Bot. snowthorn, a plant like furze (gorse), but larger and with white flowers ○ 2. Geol. icicle (a pendent spear of ice formed by the freezing of dripping water) ◇ UT/417, LotR/Index
alfirin* [ˈɑlfirin] n. and adj. 1. immortal ○ 2. Bot. as a noun, name of a flower, bell-like and running through many soft and gentle colours ○ 3. Bot. as a noun, also used for another small white flower ◇ LotR/V:IX, Letters/402, UT/55, UT/303, UT/316, UT/417
athelas* [ˈɑθɛlɑs] n. Bot. "kingsfoil", a healing herb brought to Middle-earth by the Númenóreans ◇ LotR/V:VIII
brethil* I [brˈɛθil̡] (brethel) pl. brethil* n. Bot. beech, beech-tree, silver birch ◇ Ety/352, Ety/376, S/429
cordof* [kˈɔrdɔv] n. Bot. pippin (seed of certain fruits, or more probably small red apple) ◇ SD/129-31
doron [dˈɔrɔn] pl. deren (dœrœn) n. Bot. oak ◇ Ety/355, VT/45:11
eirien* [ˈɛjri.ɛn] n. Bot. daisy (flower) ◇ SD/129-31
elanor* [ˈɛlɑnɔr] n. Bot. a flower, a kind of enlarged pimpernel bearing golden and silver flowers ◇ LotR/VI:IX, UT/432, Letters/402
elloth* [ˈɛl̡lɔθ] n. Bot. (single) flower ◇ VT/42:18
ereg* [ˈɛrɛg] pl. erig [ˈɛrig] n. Bot. holly-tree, thorn ◇ Ety/356, S/431
eregdos [ɛrˈɛgdɔs] n. Bot. holly, holly-tree ◇ Ety/356, Ety/379, Ety/395
fêr [fˈɛːr] pl. ferin [fˈɛrin] n. Bot. beech-tree ◇ Ety/352, Ety/381
gaeruil* [gˈɑɛrujl] (oeruil) n. Bot. seaweed ← gaer PM/363, Ety/396
galenas* [gˈɑlɛnɑs] n. Bot. pipe-weed (leaf) or "westmansweed", a variety of Nicotiana ◇ LotR/V:VIII
goloth* [gˈɔlɔθ] n. Bot. inflorescence, a head of small flowers ◇ VT/42:18
gwaloth [gwˈɑlɔθ] n. Bot. blossom, collection of flowers ◇ Ety/370
iau I [jˈɑu] n. Bot. corn ◇ Ety/399
lalf [lˈɑlv] pl. lelf [lˈɛl̡v] n. Bot. elm-tree ◇ Ety/348
lalorn* [lˈɑlɔrn] (lhalorn) n. Bot. elm-tree ◇ Ety/367, X/LH
lalven [lˈɑlvɛn] pl. lelvin [lˈɛl̡vin] n. Bot. elm-tree ◇ Ety/348
lalwen* [lˈɑlwɛn] (lhalwen) pl. lelwin [lˈɛl̡win] n. Bot. elm-tree ◇ Ety/367, X/LH
lebethron* [lɛbˈɛθrɔn] n. Bot. a tree - its black wood was used by the woodwrights of Gondor ◇ LotR/IV:VII, LotR/VI:V, WR/176 ◈ In the original manuscript, one of the earlier (rejected) form of this name was lebendron. Didier Willis proposed the etymology lebed+doron "finger-oak", actually a real tree name (Finger Oak or Quercus digitata)
loth* [lˈɔθ] (lhoth) n. Bot. flower, inflorescence, a head of small flowers ◇ Ety/370, LB/354, VT/42:18, X/LH ◈ The noun is collective, a single flower being lotheg
lotheg* [lˈɔθɛg] n. sing. of loth, Bot. (single) flower ◇ VT/42:18
mallorn* [mˈɑllɔrn] pl. mellyrn* [mˈɛl̡lyrn] n. Bot. golden tree of Lothlórien ◇ S/435, LotR/II:IV
mallos* [mˈɑllɔs] n. Bot. a golden flower ◇ UT/451, Letters/248
meril* [mˈɛril̡] n. Bot. rose (flower) ◇ SD/129-31
ninglor* [nˈiŋglɔr] n. Bot. golden water-flower, gladden ◇ UT/280-81, UT/450
nínim [nˈiːnim] n. Bot. snowdrop (flower) ◇ Ety/367
niphredil* [nˈifrɛdil̡] (nifredil) n. Bot. a pale winter flower, snowdrop ◇ Ety/376, Ety/378, LotR/II:VI, Letters/402, X/PH
orn* [ˈɔrn] pl. yrn [ˈyrn] n. Bot. (any large) tree ◇ Ety/379, S/435, Letters/426
salab [sˈɑlɑb] pl. selaib* [sˈɛlɑjb] (seleb) n. Bot. herb ◇ Ety/385, X/EI
seregon* [sˈɛrɛgɔn] n. Bot. "Blood of Stone", a plant of the kind called in English "stonecrop", with deep red flowers, that grew on Amon Rûdh ◇ S/437
solch [sˈɔlx] n. Bot. root (especially as edible) ◇ Ety/388
tathar* [tˈɑθr̩] (tathor) n. Bot. willow-tree ◇ Ety/391, S/438
thôn* [θˈɔːn] (thaun) n. Bot. pine-tree ◇ Ety/392, S/438
toss [tˈɔss] n. Bot. bush, low-growing tree (as maple, hawthorn, blackthorn, holly, etc.) ◇ Ety/379, Ety/395
tuiw [tˈujw] (tui) n. Bot. a sprout, bud ◇ Ety/395
tulus [tˈulus] pl. tylys [ˈtylys] n. Bot. poplar-tree ◇ Ety/395
uil [ˈujl] n. Bot. seaweed ◇ Ety/396 ◈ See also gaeruil
uilos* [ˈujlɔs] n. and adj. 1. always white, ever white as snow ○ 2. Bot. as a noun, a small white everlasting flower also called simbelmynë, evermind, alfirin ◇ RGEO/74, Letters/278, UT/55 ◈ See also alfirin
cerveth* [kˈɛrvɛθ] n. Cal. july (month) ◇ LotR/D
echuir* [ˈɛxujr] n. Cal. a season, the beginning of spring ◇ LotR/D, SD/129-31
ethuil* [ˈɛθujl] n. Cal. season of spring ◇ LotR/D, SD/129-31
firith* [fˈiriθ] n. Cal. season of fading ◇ LotR/D
girithron* [girˈiθrɔn] n. Cal. december (month) ◇ LotR/D
gwaeron* [gwˈɑɛrɔn] n. Cal. march (month) ◇ LotR/D
gwirith* [gwˈiriθ] n. Cal. april (month) ◇ LotR/D, SD/129-31
hithui* [hˈiθuj] n. and adj. 1. foggy, misty ○ 2. Cal. as a noun, the month of november ◇ LotR/D
iavas* [jˈɑvɑs] n. Cal. season of autumn ◇ LotR/D
ivanneth* [ivˈɑnnɛθ] n. Cal. september (month) ◇ LotR/D
laer* I [lˈɑɛr] n. Cal. season of summer ◇ LotR/D
lasbelin* [lˈɑsbɛlin] (lhasbelin) n. Cal. season of autumn ◇ Ety/366-367, X/LH
lothron* [lˈɔθrɔn] n. Cal. may (month) ◇ LotR/D
narbeleth* [nˈɑrbɛlɛθ] n. Cal. october (month) ◇ LotR/D
narwain* [nˈɑrwɑjn] n. Cal. january (month) ◇ LotR/D
nínui* [nˈiːnuj] n. and adj. 1. watery ○ 2. Cal. as a noun, the month of february ◇ LotR/D
nórui* [nˈɔːruj] n. and adj. 1. sunny, fiery ○ 2. Cal. as a noun, the month of june ◇ LotR/D
oraearon* [ɔrˈɑɛ.ɑrɔn] n. Cal. seventh day of the Númenórean week, Sea-day ◇ LotR/D
oranor* [ˈɔrɑnɔr] n. Cal. second day of the week, day of the Sun ◇ LotR/D
orbelain* [ˈɔrbɛlɑjn] n. Cal. sixth day of the week, day of the Powers or Valar ◇ LotR/D
orgaladh* [ˈɔrgɑlɑð] n. Cal. fourth day of the Númenórean week, day of the White Tree ◇ LotR/D ◈ This day was formerly called orgaladhad in the Elvish calendar
orgaladhad* [ɔrgˈɑlɑðɑd] n. Cal. fourth day of the Elvish week, day of the Two Trees ◇ LotR/D ◈ This day was renamed orgaladh in the Númenórean calendar
orgilion* [ɔrgˈili.ɔn] n. Cal. first day of the week, day of the Stars ◇ LotR/D
orithil* [ˈɔriθil̡] n. Cal. third day of the week, day of the Moon ◇ LotR/D
ormenel* [ˈɔrmɛnɛl̡] n. Cal. fifth day of the week, Heavens' day ◇ LotR/D
penninor [pˈɛnninɔr] (penninar) n. Cal. last day of the year ◇ Ety/400, X/Z
rhîw* [ɹ̥ˈiːw] n. Cal. winter season ◇ LotR/D
urui* [ˈuruj] n. and adj. 1. hot ○ 2. Cal. as a noun, the month of august ◇ LotR/D
aeglos* [ˈɑɛglɔs] n. 1. Bot. snowthorn, a plant like furze (gorse), but larger and with white flowers ○ 2. Geol. icicle (a pendent spear of ice formed by the freezing of dripping water) ◇ UT/417, LotR/Index
angerthas* [ɑŋgˈɛrθɑs] n. Ling. runic alphabet, long rune-rows (extended version of the Cirth) ◇ S/427, LotR/E
annúnaid* [ɑnnˈuːnɑjd] n. Ling. the "Westron" language (one of the names for Common Speech) ◇ PM/316
certhas* [kˈɛrθɑs] n. Ling. runic alphabet, rune-rows ◇ LotR/E
falathren* [fɑlˈɑθrɛn] n. and adj. 1. of the shore ○ 2. Ling. as a noun, Shore-language (one of the names for Common Speech) ◇ Ety/381, PM/32, PM/55
gammas [gˈɑmmɑs] n. Ling. s-sign (special sign used to mark a final -s in Tengwar) ◇ VT/45:14
gasdil [gˈɑsdil̡] n. Ling. "stopgap", name of a diacritic sign used to indicate that g had been lenited to zero ◇ Ety/354, Ety/357
lam* II [lˈɑm] n. Ling. language ◇ WJ/394
lammas* [lˈɑmmɑs] (lhammas) n. Ling. account of tongues ◇ LR/167, WJ/206, WJ/393, X/LH
minlamad* [mˈinlɑmɑd] n. Ling. 'first voiced' or 'first-echoing', alliterative (?) verse mode (minlamad thent/estent) ◇ UT/146, WJ/311, WJ/315 ◈ The word is not translated by Tolkien. For a discussion of its probable meaning, refer to Tolkien's Legendarium p. 121-122
prestannen [prɛstˈɑnnɛn] pp. of presta-, 1. affected ○ 2. Ling. mutated (of a mutated vowel) ◇ Ety/380
prestanneth [prɛstˈɑnnɛθ] n. Ling. affection of vowels, mutation ◇ Ety/380
thinnas [θˈinnɑs] n. Ling. "shortness" (name of a mark indicating short quality of vowel) ◇ Ety/388
amloth* [ˈɑmlɔθ] n. Mil. flower or floreate device used as crest fixed to the point of a helmet ◇ WJ/318
dírnaith* [dˈiːrnɑjθ] n. Mil. a military wedge-formation launched over a short distance against an enemy massing but not yet arrayed, or against a defensive formation on open ground ◇ UT/282
herth [hˈɛrθ] n. Mil. household, troop under a "hîr" (master, lord) ◇ Ety/364
alph* [ˈɑlf] (alf) pl. eilph* [ˈɛjlf] n. Orn. swan ◇ Ety/348, S/427, LotR/E, VT/42:7, X/PH
dúlinn [dˈuːlinn] (dúlind, dúlin*) n. Orn. nightingale ◇ Ety/354, Ety/369, S/430, X/ND4
emlin [ˈɛmlin] (emmelin, emelin) n. Orn. yellow bird ◇ Ety/386
fileg [fˈilɛg] pl. filig [fˈilig] n. Orn. small bird ◇ Ety/381
filigod [fˈiligɔd] n. sing. of filig, Orn. small bird ◇ Ety/381
gwael* [gwˈɑɛl] n. Orn. gull ◇ WJ/418
gwaun [gwˈɑun] pl. goen* [gˈɔɛn] (guin) n. Orn. goose ◇ Ety/397, X/Z
heledir [hˈɛlɛdˌir] (heledirn) n. Orn. kingfisher (bird) ◇ Ety/363, Ety/386, Ety/394
maew [mˈɑɛw] n. Orn. gull ◇ Ety/373
merilin [mˈɛrilˌin] (mœrilind) n. Orn. nightingale (bird) ◇ Ety/394, X/ND4
mŷl* [mˈyːl] n. Orn. gull ◇ WJ/379-380, WJ/418
tavor [tˈɑvr̩] (tavr, tafr) n. Orn. woodpecker (bird) ◇ Ety/390
thôr* I [θˈɔːr] n. Orn. eagle ← Belecthor S/322,365, LotR/A(ii), Ety/392
thoron* [θˈɔrɔn] pl. theryn* [θˈɛryn] (therein) n. Orn. eagle ◇ Ety/392, S/438, X/Z
tuilinn [tˈujlinn] (tuilind, tuilin) n. Orn. swallow (bird) ◇ Ety/395, X/ND4
danwaith* [dˈɑnwɑjθ] n. Pop. the Nandor (a tribe of Elves) ◇ WJ/385
drúadan* [drˈuːɑdɑn] pl. drúedain* [drˈuːɛdɑjn] n. Pop. wild man, one of the Woses ◇ UT/385
drúath* [drˈuːɑθ] n. coll. of drû, Pop. the people of the Drû (q.v.), the Woses ◇ UT/385
gwathuirim* [gwɑθˈujrim] n. class pl. Pop. The Dunlendings or People of Dunland ◇ PM/330
balan* [bˈɑlɑn] pl. belain* [bˈɛlɑjn] (belein, belen) n. Theo. Vala, divine power, divinity ◇ Ety/350, S/439, Letters/427, X/EI
glaur [glˈɑur] (glor-) n. Theo. golden light (of the golden tree Laurelin) ◇ Ety/358, Ety/368
glawar [glˈɑwɑr] n. Theo. sunlight, radiance (of the golden tree Laurelin) ◇ Ety/368, VT/45:15
rodon* [rˈɔdɔn] pl. rodyn* [rˈɔdyn] n. Theo. Vala, divinity ◇ LotR/D
annabon [ˈɑnnɑbɔn] (andabon) n. Zool. elephant ◇ Ety/372, X/ND2
aras* [ˈɑrɑs] n. Zool. deer ◇ WJ/156-157
brôg [brˈɔːg] n. Zool. bear ◇ Ety/374
cabor [kˈɑbr̩] (cabr) n. Zool. frog ◇ Ety/362
draug* [drˈɑug] n. Zool. wolf ◇ Ety/354, S/430
gwilwileth [gwˈil̡wilɛθ] n. Zool. butterfly ◇ Ety/398
hû [hˈuː] n. Zool. dog ◇ Ety/364
lavan* [lˈɑvɑn] pl. levain* [lˈɛvɑjn] n. Zool. animal (usually applied to four-footed beasts, and never to reptiles or birds) ◇ WJ/388, WJ/416
lhûg* [ɬˈuːg] n. Zool. snake, serpent ◇ Ety/370, S/434
lim* III [lˈim] (lhim, lhimb) n. Zool. fish ◇ Ety/369, X/LH
lŷg (corr. lyg) * [lˈyːg] n. Zool. snake ◇ LotR/E
medli* [mˈɛdli] (megli) n. Zool. bear ◇ Ety/369, Ety/371, X/DL
mund* [mˈund] n. Zool. bull ◇ Letters/422-423
roch* [rˈɔx] n. Zool. horse, swift horse for riding ◇ Ety/384, S/436, Letters/178, Letters/282, Letters/382
rusc* [rˈusk] n. Zool. fox ◇ VT/41:10
rŷn* [rˈyːn] (rhŷn) n. Zool. "chaser", hound of chase ◇ Ety/384, X/RH
tad-dal* [tˈɑd.dɑl] pl. tad-dail* [tˈɑd.dɑjl] n. and adj. Zool. biped, two-legged animal ◇ WJ/388
caer [kˈɑɛr] adj. num. ten ◇ Ety/363 ◈ See also pae
canad* [kˈɑnɑd] adj. num. four ◇ Ety/362, VT/42:24,25
canthui* [kˈɑnθuj] adj. num. fourth ◇ VT/42:25,27
edwen* [ˈɛdwɛn] adj. num. second ◇ SD/129-31
enchui* [ˈɛnxuj] adj. num. sixth ◇ VT/42:25,27
eneg* [ˈɛnɛg] adj. num. six ◇ Ety/356, VT/42:25
leben* [lˈɛbɛn] (lheben) adj. num. five ◇ Ety/368, TAI/150, VT/42:24-25, X/LH
lefnui* [lˈɛvnuj] (lhefneg) adj. num. fifth ◇ WR/436, VT/42:25, TI/312
main* [m'ɑjn] (mein) adj. num. first, (only in the sense of) prime, chief, pre-eminent ◇ VT/42:25
meneg* [mˈɛnɛg] adj. num. thousand ← Menegroth "thousand caves" S/409
min I [mˈin] adj. num. one ◇ Ety/373
minui* [mˈinuj] adj. num. first ◇ VT/42:25
nail* [nˈɑjl] (neil) adj. num. third ◇ VT/42:25
neder* [nˈɛdɛr] adj. num. nine ◇ Ety/376, VT/42:25
nedrui* [nˈɛdruj] adj. num. ninth ◇ VT/42:10
nêl* II [nˈɛːl] adj. num. three ◇ VT/42:25 ◈ See also neled
nelchaenen* [nɛl̡xˈɑɛnɛn] adj. num. thirtieth ◇ SD/129-31
neled [nˈɛlɛd] (neledh) adj. num. three ◇ Ety/376, TAI150
nelui* [nˈɛluj] adj. num. third ◇ VT/42:25
odog* [ˈɔdɔg] adj. num. seven ◇ Ety/379, VT/42:25
odothui* [ˈɔdɔθuj] adj. num. seventh ◇ TI/312, WR/436, VT:42:25 ◈ See also othui
othui* [ˈɔθuj] adj. num. seventh ◇ VT/42:10,25
pae* [pˈɑɛ] adj. num. ten ◇ VT/42:25 ◈ See also caer
paenui* [pˈɑɛnuj] adj. num. tenth ◇ VT/42:25
tâd* [tˈɑːd] (tad*) adj. num. two ◇ Ety/349, Ety/391, WJ/388, VT/42:25-27
tadui* [tˈɑduj] adj. num. second ◇ VT/42:10
tollui* [tˈɔlluj] adj. num. eighth ◇ VT/42:25 ◈ See also tolothen
toloth [tˈɔlɔθ] (tolodh*) adj. num. eight ◇ Ety/394, VT/42:25, VT/42:31 ◈ Tolkien emended toloth to tolodh, cf. VT/42:31. If we are to follow him, a word such as tolothen would be incorrect, unless the two forms coexisted
tolothen* [tˈɔlɔθɛn] adj. num. eighth ← erin dolothen SD/129-31 ◈ See also tollui