Dictionary compiled and adapted from various sources.
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abandon ◈ awartha- [ɑwˈɑrθɑ] v. to forsake, abandon ◇ Ety/397
abandonment ◈ awarth [ˈɑwɑrθ] n. abandonment ◇ Ety/397
abhor ◈ fuia- [fˈuj.ɑ] v. to feel disgust at, abhor ◈ fuio [fˈuj.ɔ] v. inf. of fuia-, to feel disgust at, abhor ◇ Ety/381
abhorrence ◈ delos [dˈɛlɔs] (deloth) n. abhorrence, detestation, loathing ◇ Ety/355
abhorrent ◈ thaur* [θˈɑur] adj. abominable, abhorrent ◇ S/438
abiding ◈ him I [hˈim] adj. 1. steadfast, abiding ○ 2. as an adverb, continually ◇ Ety/364 ◈ thenid [θˈɛnid] adj. firm, true, abiding ◇ Ety/388 ◈ thenin [θˈɛnin] adj. firm, true, abiding ◇ Ety/388
abominable ◈ deleb [dˈɛlɛb] adj. horrible, abominable, loathsome ◇ Ety/355 ◈ thaur* [θˈɑur] adj. abominable, abhorrent ◇ S/438
abound ◈ ovra- [ˈɔvrɑ] v. to abound ◈ ovro [ˈɔvrɔ] v. inf. of ovra-, to abound ◇ Ety/396
about ◈ o II [ɔ] prep. about, concerning ◇ Ety/378 ◈ The Etymologies state that h- is prefixed to the word following this preposition, when it begins in a vowel: o Hedhil "concerning the Elves (Edhil)". Some scholars consider that this rule is not valid in Sindarin, but that the preposition would perhaps become oh in such a case (hence oh Edhil, to be compared with ah in Athrabeth Finrod ah Andreth ◈ os- [ɔs] pref. about, around ◇ Ety/379
above ◈ or- [ɔr] pref. above, over ◇ Ety/379 ◈ or [ɔr] prep. above, over ◇ Ety/379
abroad ◈ palan-* [pˈɑlɑn] adv. afar, abroad, far and wide ◇ LotR/II:I, LotR/IV:X, RGEO/72-74
abundant ◈ ovor [ˈɔvr̩] (ovr, ofr) adj. abundant ◇ Ety/396
abyss ◈ iâ* [jˈɑː] (ia) n. 1. gulf ○ 2. abyss, void ◇ Ety/400, S/432, Letters/383
account ◈ pennas [pˈɛnnɑs] n. history, historical account ◇ Ety/366, WJ/192, WJ/206 ◈ trenarn [trˈɛnɑrn] n. account, tale ◇ Ety/374
across ◈ ath- [ɑθ] pref. on both sides, across ◇ Ety/349 ◈ athra-* [ɑθrɑ] pref. across ← Athrabeth MR/329 ◈ thar-* [θɑr] pref. across, athwart, over, beyond ◇ Ety/388, S/438
acute ◈ laeg* I [lˈɑɛg] (lhaeg) adj. keen, sharp, acute ◇ Ety/368, X/LH
afar ◈ palan-* [pˈɑlɑn] adv. afar, abroad, far and wide ◇ LotR/II:I, LotR/IV:X, RGEO/72-74
affect ◈ presta- [prˈɛstɑ] v. to affect, trouble, disturb ◈ presto [prˈɛstɔ] v. inf. of presta-, to affect, trouble, disturb ◇ Ety/380
affected ◈ prestannen [prɛstˈɑnnɛn] pp. of presta-, 1. affected ○ 2. Ling. mutated (of a mutated vowel) ◇ Ety/380
affection ◈ mîl [mˈiːl] n. love, affection ◇ Ety/372 ◈ prestanneth [prɛstˈɑnnɛθ] n. Ling. affection of vowels, mutation ◇ Ety/380
affliction ◈ caul* [kˈɑul] n. great burden, affliction ◇ VT/39:10
after ◈ ab-* [ɑb] pref. after, later ← Abonnen WJ/387
again ◈ ad- [ɑd] pref. back, again, re- ◇ Ety/349, VT/45:6
against ◈ dan* [dɑn] prep. 1. against ○ 2. etym. back ◇ LotR/II:IV
age ◈ andrann* [ˈɑndrɑnn] (anrand) n. cycle, age (100 Valian Years) ◇ Ety/382, X/ND4 ◈ Helge Fauskanger notes: the element and "long" would normally be preserved before r-, but d is lost because there is another d in the word (VT/41:9); however, this second d later disappeared in the change from -nd to -nn, and it is unclear whether or not an- would then revert to and-
aged ◈ iphant* [ˈiffɑnt] (ifant) adj. aged, long-lived, old (with no connotation of weakness) ◇ Ety/358, Ety/399, X/PH
agile ◈ celeg* [kˈɛlɛg] adj. swift, agile, hasty ◇ Ety/366, PM/353, VT/41:10
ago ◈ io [jɔ] (ia) adv. ago ◇ Ety/399
ah ◈ ai* I [ˈɑj] interj. ah! ◇ LotR/I:XII ◈ Though attested in LotR, this word might relate to ae I, with the regular change from ai to ae between Noldorin and Sindarin
air ◈ gwelu* [gwˈɛlu] (gwelw) n. air (as substance) ◇ Ety/398, X/W ◈ gwelwen [gwˈɛl̡wɛn] n. air, lower air (distinct from the upper air of the stars, or the outer) ◇ Ety/398 ◈ gwilith [gwˈiliθ] n. air (as a region) ◇ Ety/398 ◈ lind* [lˈind] (lhind, lhinn) n. air, tune ◇ Ety/369, X/LH, X/ND1
alas ◈ nae [nˈɑɛ] interj. alas ◇ Ety/375
alive ◈ cuin [kˈujn] adj. alive ◇ Ety/366 ◈ cuina- [kˈujnɑ] v. to be alive ◈ cuino [kˈujnɔ] v. inf. of cuina-, to be alive ◇ Ety/366
all ◈ pân* II [pˈɑːn] pl. pain* [pˈɑjn] adj. all, in totality ← mhellyn în phain SD/129-31 ◈ As no other word beginning in ph- is attested, it is assumed that a nasal mutation is triggered by the pronoun în I, hence the form observed in the "King's Letter"
allegiance ◈ buia- [bˈuj.ɑ] v. to serve, to hold allegiance to ◈ buio [bˈuj.ɔ] v. inf. of buia-, to serve, to hold allegiance to ◇ Ety/353
alone ◈ er- [ɛr] pref. alone, one ◇ VT/42:19 ◈ erui* [ˈɛruj] adj. 1. single, alone ○ 2. by ext. first (incorrect use by the Gondorians) ◇ TI/312, WR/436, VT/42:10 ◈ The proper word for first in Sindarin was minui
alphabet ◈ angerthas* [ɑŋgˈɛrθɑs] n. Ling. runic alphabet, long rune-rows (extended version of the Cirth) ◇ S/427, LotR/E ◈ certhas* [kˈɛrθɑs] n. Ling. runic alphabet, rune-rows ◇ LotR/E
amputate ◈ esgeri [ˈɛsgɛri] v. inf. of osgar-, to cut round, to amputate ◇ Ety/379 ◈ osgar- [ˈɔsgɑr] v. to cut round, to amputate
ancient ◈ iaur* [jˈɑur] adj. 1. ancient, old, original ○ 2. older, former ◇ Ety/358, Ety/399, S/433, UT/384
and ◈ a* I [ɑ] (ar*) conj. and ◇ LotR/II:IV, LotR/VI:IV, S/428, SD/129-31, LB/354, Letters/308 ◈ See ah for the form that this conjunction might take before a vowel ◈ ah* [ɑh] prep. and conj. and, with ◇ MR/329 ◈ The title Athrabeth Finrod ah Andreth is translated as "converse of Finrod and Andreth", but some scholars actually believe this word to be unrelated with the conjunction a I, ar "and", and they render it as "with". Other scholars consider that "and" and "with" (in the comitative sense) are not exclusive of each other, and regard ah as the form taken by this conjunction before a vowel. That a, ar and ah are etymologically related has finally been confirmed in VT43:29-30. Compare also with Welsh, where the coordination "and" also takes different forms whether it occurs before a vowel or a consonant (respectively ac and a). In written Welsh, a often triggers the aspirate mutation: bara a chaws "bread and cheese". This usage is seldom applied in colloquial Welsh (Modern Welsh §510)
anger ◈ rûth* [rˈuːθ] n. anger ◇ S/436
angle ◈ bennas [bˈɛnnɑs] n. angle, corner ◇ Ety/352, Ety/375 ◈ nass [nˈɑss] n. 1. point, (sharp) end ○ 2. angle or corner ◇ Ety/375, VT/45:37
animal ◈ lavan* [lˈɑvɑn] pl. levain* [lˈɛvɑjn] n. Zool. animal (usually applied to four-footed beasts, and never to reptiles or birds) ◇ WJ/388, WJ/416 ◈ tad-dal* [tˈɑd.dɑl] pl. tad-dail* [tˈɑd.dɑjl] n. and adj. Zool. biped, two-legged animal ◇ WJ/388
annal ◈ ínias [ˈiːni.ɑs] n. annals ◇ Ety/400
anniversary ◈ edinor* [ˈɛdinɑr] (edinar) n. anniversary day ◇ Ety/400, X/Z
answer ◈ dambeth* [dˈɑmbɛθ] n. answer, response ◇ PM/395 ◈ In Tolkien's manuscript, this form was rejected in favor of dangweth, with a slightly different meaning. However, it must be assumed that the word is valid per se ◈ dangweth* [dˈɑŋgwɛθ] n. answer, reply giving new information ◇ PM/395
anybody ◈ pen* II [pɛn] pron. one, somebody, anybody ◇ WJ/376 ◈ Usually enclitic; mutated as ben
apparition ◈ auth* II [ˈɑuθ] n. a dim shape, spectral or vague apparition ◇ VT/42:9
appear ◈ thia- [θˈi.ɑ] v. to appear, seem
apple ◈ cordof* [kˈɔrdɔv] n. Bot. pippin (seed of certain fruits, or more probably small red apple) ◇ SD/129-31
approach ◈ anglenna-* [ɑŋglˈɛnnɑ] v. to approach ← anglennatha SD/129-31
appropriate ◈ seidia-* [sˈɛjdi.ɑ] v. to set aside, appropriate to a special purpose or owner ◇ VT/42:20
april ◈ gwirith* [gwˈiriθ] n. Cal. april (month) ◇ LotR/D, SD/129-31
arch ◈ cû* [kˈuː] n. 1. arch, crescent ○ 2. by ext. bow ◇ Ety/365, S/429
area ◈ sad* [sˈɑd] n. limited area naturally or artificially defined, a place, spot ◇ UT/425, VT/42:20
arm ◈ ranc* [rˈɑŋk] (rhanc) pl. rainc* [rˈɑjŋk] (rhenc) n. arm ◇ Ety/382, X/RH
around ◈ os- [ɔs] pref. about, around ◇ Ety/379
article ◈ bach [bˈɑx] n. article (for exchange), ware, thing ◇ Ety/372
as ◈ sui* II [sˈuj] prep. as, like ◇ VT/44:21,27
ash ◈ lith* [lˈiθ] n. ash, sand, dust ◇ Ety/369, S/434, TC/178
ashen ◈ lithui* [lˈiθuj] adj. ashen, ashy, of ash, ash-coloured, dusty ◇ S/434, UT/435, RGEO/74, TC/178, VT/42:10
ashy ◈ lithui* [lˈiθuj] adj. ashen, ashy, of ash, ash-coloured, dusty ◇ S/434, UT/435, RGEO/74, TC/178, VT/42:10
assembly ◈ hûd [hˈuːd] n. assembly ◇ Ety/364
associate ◈ gwathel [gwˈɑθɛl̡] pl. gwethil [gwˈɛθil̡] n. f. sister, associate ◇ Ety/392
at ◈ na* [nɑ] prep. 1. with, by (also used as a genitive sign) ○ 2. to, towards, at ◇ Ety/374, LotR/I:XII
athwart ◈ thar-* [θɑr] pref. across, athwart, over, beyond ◇ Ety/388, S/438
august ◈ urui* [ˈuruj] n. and adj. 1. hot ○ 2. Cal. as a noun, the month of august ◇ LotR/D
autumn ◈ iavas* [jˈɑvɑs] n. Cal. season of autumn ◇ LotR/D ◈ lasbelin* [lˈɑsbɛlin] (lhasbelin) n. Cal. season of autumn ◇ Ety/366-367, X/LH
awakening ◈ echui* [ˈɛxuj] (echuiw) n. awakening ◇ Ety/366, S/429
awe ◈ anwar* [ˈɑnwɑr] n. awe ◇ UT/418, VT/42:23
awful ◈ taur III [tˈɑur] adj. mighty, vast, overwhelming, huge, awful, high, sublime ◇ Ety/395
axe ◈ hast [hˈɑst] n. axe-stroke ◇ Ety/389 ◈ hathol* [hˈɑθl̩] (hathel, hathal) n. 1. broadsword-blade, axe-blade ○ 2. axe ◇ Ety/389, WJ/234, UT/444, LR/433 ◈ See orchal for a discussion about syllabic consonants
babble ◈ glavra- [glˈɑvrɑ] v. to babble ◈ glavro [glˈɑvrɔ] v. inf. of glavra-, to babble ◇ Ety/358
babbling ◈ glavrol [glˈɑvrɔl] part. of glavra-, babbling ◇ Ety/358
babe ◈ laes* [lˈɑɛs] (lhaes) n. babe ◇ Ety/367, X/LH
back ◈ ad- [ɑd] pref. back, again, re- ◇ Ety/349, VT/45:6 ◈ dan* [dɑn] prep. 1. against ○ 2. etym. back ◇ LotR/II:IV
bad ◈ faeg* [fˈɑɛg] (foeg) adj. mean, poor, bad ◇ Ety/387, X/OE ◈ um [ˈum] adj. bad, evil ◇ Ety/396
bald ◈ rûdh* [rˈuːð] adj. bald ◇ S/379, WJ/187
ball ◈ coron* [kˈɔrɔn] n. 1. globe, ball ○ 2. by ext. mound ◇ Ety/365, S/429
bane ◈ dagnir* [dˈɑgnir] n. 1. slayer ○ 2. by ext. bane ◇ S/430
bank ◈ raw* I [rˈɑw] (rhaw) n. bank (especially of a river) ◇ Ety/382, X/RH
bark ◈ rîf* [rˈiːv] n. bark ← Fladrif LotR/E, TC/169, TC/173
barrow ◈ gorthad* [gˈɔrθɑd] pl. gœrthaid* [gˈɛrθɑjd] n. barrow ◇ LotR/A(iii), PM/194
batter ◈ blab- [blˈɑb] v. to beat, batter, flap (wings, etc.) ◈ blebi [blˈɛbi] v. inf. of blab-, to beat, batter, flap (wings, etc.) ◇ Ety/380
battle ◈ auth I [ˈɑuθ] n. war, battle ◇ Ety/365, Ety/379 ◈ dagor* [dˈɑgr̩] (dagr) n. battle ◇ Ety/375, S/430 ◈ dagra- [dˈɑgrɑ] v. to battle ◈ dagro [dˈɑgrɔ] v. inf. of dagra-, to battle ◇ Ety/375 ◈ maeth [mˈɑɛθ] n. battle, fight (not of general host but of two or a few) ◇ Ety/371
bay ◈ côf* [kˈɔːv] n. bay ◇ VT/42:15 ◈ hûb [hˈuːb] n. haven, harbour, small landlocked bay ◇ Ety/364
be ◈ na-* [nˈɑ] v. to be ← no aer i eneth lín VT/44:21,24 ◈ no* II [nˈɔ] v. imp. of na-, be! ◇ VT/44:21,24
beach ◈ falas* [fˈɑlɑs] pl. felais* [fˈɛlɑjs] (feles) n. 1. beach, shore, line of surf ○ 2. as a proper noun, the western coast of Beleriand ◇ Ety/381, S/431, X/EI
beacon ◈ narthan* [nˈɑrθɑn] n. beacon, signal fire to notify of the approach of an enemy ← Fornarthan VT/42:30
bear ◈ brôg [brˈɔːg] n. Zool. bear ◇ Ety/374 ◈ medli* [mˈɛdli] (megli) n. Zool. bear ◇ Ety/369, Ety/371, X/DL ◈ medlin* [mˈɛdlin] (meglin) adj. honey-eater, bear-like ◇ Ety/369, X/DL
beard ◈ fang [fˈɑŋ] n. beard ◇ Ety/387
bearer ◈ cyll* [kˈyll] n. bearer ← Taengyl, Tengyl MR/385
beat ◈ blab- [blˈɑb] v. to beat, batter, flap (wings, etc.) ◈ blebi [blˈɛbi] v. inf. of blab-, to beat, batter, flap (wings, etc.) ◇ Ety/380 ◈ dringa- [drˈiŋgɑ] v. to beat ◈ dringo [drˈiŋgɔ] v. inf. of dringa-, to beat ◇ Ety/355
beautiful ◈ bain* [bˈɑjn] (bein) adj. beautiful, fair ◇ Ety/351, Ety/359, X/EI
bed ◈ haust [hˈɑust] n. bed ◇ Ety/364
bedridden ◈ caeleb [kˈɑɛlɛb] adj. bedridden, sick ◇ Ety/363
beech ◈ brethil* I [brˈɛθil̡] (brethel) pl. brethil* n. Bot. beech, beech-tree, silver birch ◇ Ety/352, Ety/376, S/429 ◈ fêr [fˈɛːr] pl. ferin [fˈɛrin] n. Bot. beech-tree ◇ Ety/352, Ety/381
beget ◈ edonna- [ɛdˈɔnnɑ] v. to beget ◇ Ety/379 ◈ onna-* [ˈɔnnɑ] v. to beget ← Abonnen, Eboennin WJ/387
begin ◈ heria- [hˈɛri.ɑ] v. to begin suddenly and vigorously ◈ herio (corr. heno) [hˈɛri.ɔ] (hœrio (corr. hœno)) v. inf. of heria-, to begin suddenly and vigorously ◇ Ety/364, VT/45:22
behind ◈ adel [ɑdɛl̡] prep. behind, in rear (of) ◇ Ety/392
behold ◈ alae* [ˈɑlɑɛ] interj. (?) behold! ◇ UT/40 ◈ Compare with Quenya ela! "imperative exclamation directing sight to an actually visible object" (WJ/362)
bell ◈ nell [nˈɛl̡l] n. bell ◇ Ety/379 ◈ nelladel [nˈɛl̡lɑdɛl̡] n. ringing of bells ◇ Ety/379
bellowing ◈ glam* [glˈɑm] (glamm*, glamb*) n. 1. barbarous speech, shouting, confused noise ○ 2. din, uproar, the confused yelling and bellowing of beasts ○ 3. by ext. as a coll. noun, any body of orcs ◇ Ety/358, Ety/377, WJ/390, WJ/416
beneath ◈ di-* [di] pref. beneath, under ← di-nguruthos LotR/IV:X, RGEO/72, Letters/278, VT/45:37 ◈ The only known usage of this word is as prefix, but VT/45:37 lists it as a unitary word di
bent ◈ cûn [kˈuːn] adj. bowed, bow-shaped, bent ◇ Ety/365 ◈ raeg* [rˈɑɛg] (rhoeg) adj. crooked, bent, wrong ◇ Ety/383, X/OE, X/RH
beside ◈ ar- I [ɑr] pref. 1. Arch. etym. beside ○ 2. by ext. without ◇ Ety/349
betray ◈ gweria- [gwˈɛri.ɑ] v. to betray, cheat ◈ gwerio [gwˈɛri.ɔ] v. inf. of gweria-, to betray, cheat ◇ Ety/397
betrayer ◈ gwarth [gwˈɑrθ] n. betrayer ◇ Ety/397
between ◈ min* II [min] prep. between the ← Minhiriath LotR/Map
beyond ◈ athan* [ɑθɑn] prep. beyond ◇ SD/62 ◈ thar-* [θɑr] pref. across, athwart, over, beyond ◇ Ety/388, S/438
bind ◈ gwedh- [gwˈɛð] pa. t. gwedhant [gwˈɛðɑnt] (gwend, gwenn) v. to bind ◇ Ety/397, X/ND1 ◈ gwedhi (corr. gwedi) [gwˈɛði] v. inf. of gwedh-, to bind ◇ Ety/397, X/ND1 ◈ nod-* [nˈɔd] (nud-) v. to tie, bind ◇ Ety/378, X/Z
biped ◈ tad-dal* [tˈɑd.dɑl] pl. tad-dail* [tˈɑd.dɑjl] n. and adj. Zool. biped, two-legged animal ◇ WJ/388
birch ◈ brethil* I [brˈɛθil̡] (brethel) pl. brethil* n. Bot. beech, beech-tree, silver birch ◇ Ety/352, Ety/376, S/429
bird ◈ aew* [ˈɑɛw] n. (small) bird ◇ Ety/348, S/434 ◈ aewen* [ˈɑɛwɛn] adj. of birds ← Linaewen S/434 ◈ emlin [ˈɛmlin] (emmelin, emelin) n. Orn. yellow bird ◇ Ety/386 ◈ fileg [fˈilɛg] pl. filig [fˈilig] n. Orn. small bird ◇ Ety/381 ◈ filigod [fˈiligɔd] n. sing. of filig, Orn. small bird ◇ Ety/381 ◈ heledir [hˈɛlɛdˌir] (heledirn) n. Orn. kingfisher (bird) ◇ Ety/363, Ety/386, Ety/394 ◈ merilin [mˈɛrilˌin] (mœrilind) n. Orn. nightingale (bird) ◇ Ety/394, X/ND4 ◈ tavor [tˈɑvr̩] (tavr, tafr) n. Orn. woodpecker (bird) ◇ Ety/390 ◈ tuilinn [tˈujlinn] (tuilind, tuilin) n. Orn. swallow (bird) ◇ Ety/395, X/ND4
bite ◈ nag- [nˈɑg] v. to bite ◇ Ety/374
biting ◈ naeth* [nˈɑɛθ] n. 1. biting ○ 2. by ext. woe (gets senses of gnashing teeth in grief) ← Elu-naeth WJ/258, Ety/374-375
bitter ◈ saer [sˈɑɛr] adj. bitter ◇ Ety/385
black ◈ morn* [mˈɔrn] pl. myrn* [mˈyrn] adj. black, dark ◇ Ety/373, Letters/382, Letters/427, WJ/368, WR/113, UT/65
blackthorn ◈ toss [tˈɔss] n. Bot. bush, low-growing tree (as maple, hawthorn, blackthorn, holly, etc.) ◇ Ety/379, Ety/395
blade ◈ hathol* [hˈɑθl̩] (hathel, hathal) n. 1. broadsword-blade, axe-blade ○ 2. axe ◇ Ety/389, WJ/234, UT/444, LR/433 ◈ See orchal for a discussion about syllabic consonants
blessedness ◈ galu* [gˈɑlu] (galw) n. (?) blessings, (?) blessedness, (?) good fortune(?) (meaning not entirely clear) ◇ Ety/357, X/W
blessings ◈ galu* [gˈɑlu] (galw) n. (?) blessings, (?) blessedness, (?) good fortune(?) (meaning not entirely clear) ◇ Ety/357, X/W
bliss ◈ manadh [mˈɑnɑð] n. 1. doom, final end, fate, fortune ○ 2. by ext. final bliss ◇ Ety/371
blocked ◈ tafnen* [tˈɑvnɛn] adj. closed, blocked, stopped ← uidavnen WR/341 ◈ Normalized to tafnen, as for lefnui
blood ◈ agar* [ˈɑgɑr] n. blood ← Agarwaen S/378 ◈ iâr [jˈɑːr] n. blood ◇ Ety/400 ◈ sereg* [sˈɛrɛg] n. blood ◇ S/437
bloodstained ◈ agarwaen* [ɑgˈɑrwɑɛn] adj. bloodstained ◇ S/378
blossom ◈ edlothia-* [ɛdlˈɔθi.ɑ] v. to blossom, flower ← edlothiand WR/293, X/TL ◈ The sentence from WR/293 is hardly legible and is not translated, but this word is however a plausible form ◈ gwaloth [gwˈɑlɔθ] n. Bot. blossom, collection of flowers ◇ Ety/370
blossoming ◈ edlothiad* [ɛdlˈɔθi.ɑd] ger. of edlothia-, blossoming, flowering ← edlothiand WR/293 ◈ Actually, edlothiand might be a misreading, according to David Salo who checked the original manuscript at Marquette and reported that his reading was unmistakably edlothiad
blow ◈ dram* [drˈɑm] (dramm, dramb) n. heavy stroke, a blow (of axe, etc.) ◇ Ety/354, X/MB ◈ drambor [drˈɑm.bɔr] n. 1. clenched fist ○ 2. by ext. blow with fist ◇ Ety/354
blue ◈ elu* [ˈɛlu] (elw) n. (pale) blue ◇ Ety/360, X/W ◈ lhûn [ɬˈuːn] adj. blue → luin ◇ Ety/370 ◈ luin* [lˈujn] adj. invar. blue → lhûn ◇ LotR (misc.), S/434, UT/390, Ety/370
board ◈ pân I [pˈɑːn] pl. pain* [pˈɑjn] (pein) n. plank, fixed board, especially in floor ◇ Ety/380, X/EI
boat ◈ lunt* [lˈunt] (lhunt) n. boat ◇ Ety/370, X/LH
body ◈ rhaw* III [ɹ̥ˈɑw] n. flesh, body ◇ MR/350
bold ◈ beren I [bˈɛrɛn] adj. bold ◇ Ety/352 ◈ cand* [kˈɑnd] (cann) adj. bold ◇ Ety/362, X/ND1
bolster ◈ nedhu* [nˈɛðu] (nedhw) n. bolster, cushion ◇ Ety/378, X/W
bond ◈ gwaedh [gwˈɑɛð] n. bond, troth, compact, oath ◇ Ety/397 ◈ gwedh [gwˈɛð] n. bond ◇ Ety/397 ◈ gwend II [gwˈɛnd] n. bond, friendship ◇ Ety/397-398, X/ND1
book ◈ parf [pˈɑrv] pl. perf [pˈɛrv] n. book ◇ Ety/380
border ◈ edrain* [ˈɛdrɑjn] (edrein) n. border ◇ Ety/383, X/EI ◈ glân* II [glˈɑːn] n. hem, border (of textile and other hand-made things) ◇ VT/42:8 ◈ rain* I [rˈɑjn] (rhain, rhein) n. border ◇ Ety/383, X/RH ◈ rîw* [rˈiːw] (rhîf) n. edge, hem, border ◇ Ety/383, X/RH
born ◈ onnen* [ˈɔnnɛn] pl. ennin* [ˈɛnnin] pp. of onna-, born ← Abonnen, Eboennin WJ/387
boss ◈ dolt II [dˈɔlt] pl. dylt [dˈylt] n. round knob, boss ◇ Ety/376
bound ◈ gleina-* [glˈɛjnɑ] v. to bound, enclose, limit ◇ VT/42:8, VT/42:28 ◈ This entry should perhaps read gleinia-, cf. VT/42:28, note 13 ◈ naud [nˈɑud] adj. bound ◇ Ety/378
boundary ◈ gland* [glˈɑnd] (glann*) n. boundary ← Glanduin, Glanhír UT/264, UT/318, UT/441, VT/42:8 ◈ taeg* [tˈɑɛg] n. boundary, limit, boundary line ◇ WJ/309
bow ◈ cû* [kˈuː] n. 1. arch, crescent ○ 2. by ext. bow ◇ Ety/365, S/429 ◈ peng [pˈɛŋ] n. bow (for shooting) ◇ Ety/366
bowed ◈ cûn [kˈuːn] adj. bowed, bow-shaped, bent ◇ Ety/365
bowstring ◈ tang [tˈɑŋ] n. bowstring ◇ Ety/394
branch ◈ golf [gˈɔlv] n. branch ◇ Ety/359
brand ◈ ylf* I [ˈylv] (iolf) n. brand ◇ Ety/400, X/IU ◈ The word is classed as Old Noldorin (ON) in the Etymologies, but rather seems to be Noldorin
bread ◈ basgorn [bˈɑsgɔrn] n. loaf (of bread) ◇ Ety/372, Ety/365 ◈ bass* [bˈɑss] n. bread ← besain, besoneth, imbas PM/404-405, VT/44:21 ◈ In the Etymologies, the word for 'bread' is given as bast, Quenya masta, but it seems that Tolkien later changed his mind and updated the word to bass, as shown in Quenya massánie, Sindarin besain, besoneth 'bread-giver', and in the mutated form mbas. These later Sindarin forms are however dubious; we would rather have expected bessain (as a regular cognate of Quenya massánie) and bassoneth (without i-affection) ◈ bassoneth* [bˈɑssonɛθ] (besoneth*) n. f. bread-giver ◇ PM/404-405, X/Z ◈ See bass for a discussion regarding this word ◈ bast [bˈɑst] n. bread ◇ Ety/372 ◈ See bass ◈ bessain* [bˈɛssɑjn] (besain*) n. f. bread-giver ◇ PM/404-405, X/Z ◈ See bass for a discussion regarding this word ◈ lembas* [lˈɛmbɑs] n. journey bread made by the Elves ◇ PM/404, LotR/II:VIII
break ◈ breitha- [brˈɛjθɑ] v. to break out suddenly ◈ breitho [brˈɛjθɔ] v. inf. of breitha-, to break out suddenly ◇ Ety/352
breath ◈ hwest* [ʍˈɛst] (chwest) n. puff, breath, breeze ◇ Ety/388, X/HW ◈ thûl [θˈuːl] n. breath ◇ Ety/393
breathe ◈ thuia- [θˈuj.ɑ] v. to breathe ◈ thuio [θˈuj.ɔ] v. inf. of thuia-, to breathe ◇ Ety/393
breeze ◈ hwest* [ʍˈɛst] (chwest) n. puff, breath, breeze ◇ Ety/388, X/HW
bride ◈ dineth [dˈinɛθ] n. bride ◇ Ety/377-378 ◈ dîs [dˈiːs] n. f. bride ◇ Ety/352, Ety/375
bridegroom ◈ daer* II [dˈɑɛr] (doer) n. bridegroom ◇ Ety/375, X/OE
bridge ◈ iant* [jˈɑnt] n. bridge ◇ Ety/400, S/432
bright ◈ glân* I [glˈɑːn] adj. bright, shining white ← Curunír 'Lân UT/390 ◈ The word is deduced from its mutated form, but it is worth mentioning that a stem GALÁN "bright", with glan "daylight" and later "clear" as derivative, is listed in the Etymologies (not included in the published text), see VT/45:13. Most of the words meaning "white" in the Indo-Eureopean languages come from the original notion of "brightness", e.g. Greek leukós "white" is cognate with Latin lucere "to shine", lux "light". This association of sense is also found in Gnomish, PE11:39 (glan "clean, pure", from "bright" originally) and in Early Noldorin (PE13:144, glann "clean"). The similarity with Welsh glan (where the vowel, incidentally, is long, which is concealed by Welsh orthographic convention) is also striking
brilliance ◈ aglar* [ˈɑglɑr] n. glory, brilliance ◇ Ety/348, S/427, LotR/II:I, LotR/VI:IV, RGEO/73 ◈ fael* II [fˈɑɛl] n. gleaming brilliance (of the sun) ← Faelivrin LB/376, S/209-210
brilliant ◈ celair* [kˈɛlɑjr] (celeir) adj. brilliant ◇ Ety/362, X/EI
bring ◈ tegi [tˈɛgi] v. inf. of tog-, to lead, bring ◇ Ety/395 ◈ tog- [tˈɔg] v. to lead, bring
broad ◈ land* II [lˈɑnd] (lhand, lhann) adj. wide, broad ← Landroval LotR/VI:IV, Ety/367, X/LH, X/ND1
broadsword ◈ hathol* [hˈɑθl̩] (hathel, hathal) n. 1. broadsword-blade, axe-blade ○ 2. axe ◇ Ety/389, WJ/234, UT/444, LR/433 ◈ See orchal for a discussion about syllabic consonants
brooch ◈ tachol [tˈɑxl̩] (tachl) n. pin, brooch ◇ Ety/389
broth ◈ salph* [sˈɑlf] (salf) n. broth, liquid food, soup ◇ Ety/385, X/PH
brother ◈ gwador [gwˈɑdɔr] pl. gwedeir n. m. brother (especially used of those not brothers by blood, but sworn brothers or associates) ◇ Ety/394 ◈ gwanur [gwˈɑnur] n. 1. a pair of twins ○ 2. brother or kinsman, kinswoman ◇ Ety/378, Ety/392, LotR/A(iv) ◈ muindor [mˈujndɔr] pl. muindyr [mˈujndyr] n. m. brother ◇ Ety/394 ◈ tôr [tˈɔːr] pl. teryn* [tˈɛryn] (terein) n. m. Arch. brother ◇ Ety/394, X/Z ◈ The word is muindor is more usual
brown ◈ baran* [bˈɑrɑn] n. brown, swart, dark brown, golden brown, yellow brown ◇ Ety/351, LotR/F, TC/179 ◈ rhosg* [ɹ̥ˈɔsg] (rhosc) adj. brown ◇ Ety/385, X/Z
bud ◈ tuiw [tˈujw] (tui) n. Bot. a sprout, bud ◇ Ety/395
builder ◈ thavron [θˈɑvrɔn] n. carpenter, wright, builder ◇ Ety/388
building ◈ adab [ˈɑdɑb] pl. edaib* [ˈɛdɑjb] (edeb) n. building, house ◇ Ety/390, WR/379-80, X/EI ◈ car [kˈɑr] (cardh) n. house, building ◇ Ety/362
bull ◈ mund* [mˈund] n. Zool. bull ◇ Letters/422-423
burden ◈ caul* [kˈɑul] n. great burden, affliction ◇ VT/39:10
bush ◈ toss [tˈɔss] n. Bot. bush, low-growing tree (as maple, hawthorn, blackthorn, holly, etc.) ◇ Ety/379, Ety/395
butterfly ◈ gwilwileth [gwˈil̡wilɛθ] n. Zool. butterfly ◇ Ety/398
by ◈ an- [ɑn] pref. with, by ◇ Ety/374 ◈ na* [nɑ] prep. 1. with, by (also used as a genitive sign) ○ 2. to, towards, at ◇ Ety/374, LotR/I:XII
cairn ◈ sarnas [sˈɑrnɑs] n. cairn, pile of stones ◇ LR/406
cake ◈ cram* [krˈɑm] (cramb) n. cake of compressed flour or meal (often containing honey and milk) ◇ Ety/365, LotR/II:VIII
calendar ◈ genediad* [gɛnˈɛdi.ɑd] ger. of genedia-, 1. reckoning ○ 2. by ext. calendar ◇ SD/129-31
call ◈ can-* [kˈɑn] v. to cry out, shout, call ◇ PM/361-362
calligraphy ◈ tegilbor* [tɛgˈil̡bɔr] n. one skilled in calligraphy ◇ PM/318
camp ◈ echad* [ˈɛxɑd] n. camp ◇ UT/431
canopy ◈ daedelu [dˈɑɛdɛlu] n. canopy ◇ Ety/391 ◈ orthelian [ɔrθˈɛli.ɑn] n. canopy ◇ Ety/391
cape ◈ bund [bˈund] (bunn) n. 1. snout, nose ○ 2. by ext. cape (of land) ◇ Ety/372, X/ND2 ◈ cast* [kˈɑst] n. cape, headland ← Angast VT/42:28
carpenter ◈ thavron [θˈɑvrɔn] n. carpenter, wright, builder ◇ Ety/388
catch ◈ gad- [gˈɑd] v. to catch ◇ Ety/358 ◈ gedi [gˈɛdi] v. inf. of gad-, to catch ◇ Ety/358 ◈ raeda-* [rˈɑɛdɑ] v. to catch in a net ◇ VT/42:12
cave ◈ fela [fˈɛlɑ] pl. fili [fˈili] n. cave ◇ Ety/381 ◈ gathrod [gˈɑθrɔd] n. cave ◇ Ety/358 ◈ rond* [rˈɔnd] (rhond, rhonn) n. 1. cave ○ 2. vaulted or arched roof, as seen from below (and usually not visible from outside), or a (large) hall of chamber so roofed ◇ Ety/384, S/437, WJ/414, X/RH, X/ND1
cavern ◈ gath [gˈɑθ] n. cavern ◇ Ety/358
cavernous ◈ raudh* [rˈɑuð] (rhaudh) adj. hollow, cavernous ◇ Ety/384, X/RH
centre ◈ ened* [ˈɛnɛd] (enedh) n. core, centre, middle ◇ Ety/356, Ety/376, UT/450, Letters/224, VT/41:12,16 ◈ While the word is written enedh in the Etymologies, it seems that Tolkien considered and reconsidered its form throughout his life. Late rough jottings (c. 1968), as well as the text of letter no. 168 and the fact that the toponym Enedwaith was never changed on the LotR map, seems to imply that ened is the (most) definitive form. See also the possibly related preposition ned, which has been suggested to mean "in" (while again a prefix nedh- is seen in the Etymologies)
cessation ◈ post [pˈɔst] n. pause, halt, rest, cessation, respite ◇ Ety/382
chain ◈ angwedh [ˈɑŋgwɛð] n. chain ◇ Ety/397
chamber ◈ sam* [sˈɑm] n. chamber ← Sammath LotR/VI:III, S/435 ◈ sammath* [sˈɑmmɑθ] n. coll. of sam, chambers ◇ LotR/VI:III, S/435
chant ◈ linnathon* [lˈinnɑθɔn] v. 1st of linna-, I will sing, I will chant ◇ LotR/II:I, RGEO/72 ◈ linnod* [lˈinnɔd] n. 1. (?) a single verse used as a maxim ○ 2. (?) a chant of a certain metrical type, where each (half-)verse is composed of seven syllables ◇ LotR/A(iv) ◈ The word is not translated by Tolkien. The first meaning assumes that -od is a singulative affix (cf. filigod). The second meaning is proposed by Carl Hostetter and Patrick Wynne in Tolkien's Legendarium p. 132, based on the metrical characteristics of Gilraen's linnod
charm ◈ lûth* [lˈuːθ] (lhûth) n. spell, charm ◇ Ety/370, X/LH
chaser ◈ rŷn* [rˈyːn] (rhŷn) n. Zool. "chaser", hound of chase ◇ Ety/384, X/RH
cheat ◈ gweria- [gwˈɛri.ɑ] v. to betray, cheat ◈ gwerio [gwˈɛri.ɔ] v. inf. of gweria-, to betray, cheat ◇ Ety/397
child ◈ hên* II [hˈɛːn] pl. hîn* [hˈiːn] n. child (mostly used as a prefix in patronymics or metronymics) ◇ WJ/403 ◈ sell [sˈɛl̡l] n. f. 1. daughter ○ 2. girl, maid (child) ◇ Ety/385
circle ◈ echor* [ˈɛxɔr] n. outer circle, encircling, outer ring ◇ LotR/V:I, LotR/Index, S/430 ◈ rind* [rˈind] (rhind, rhinn) n. circle ◇ Ety/383, X/RH, X/ND1 ◈ ringorn* [rˈiŋgɔrn] (rhingorn) n. circle ◇ Ety/365, X/RH
circular ◈ rend* [rˈɛnd] (rhinn (corr. rhenn)) adj. circular ◇ Ety/383, X/RH, X/ND1
city ◈ caras* [kˈɑrɑs] n. city (built above ground) ◇ Ety/362, LotR/II:VII ◈ minas* [mˈinɑs] (minnas) n. 1. tower ○ 2. by ext. fort, city with a citadel and central watch-tower ◇ Ety/373, S/434, VT/42:24 ◈ ost* [ˈɔst] n. 1. city, town with wall round ○ 2. fortress or stronghold, made or strenghtened by art ◇ Ety/379, S/435, WJ/414 ◈ othronn* [ˈɔθrɔnn] (othrond*) n. fortress or city in underground caves, underground stronghold ◇ Ety/379, Ety/384, WJ/414, X/ND4
clamor ◈ caun* I [kˈɑun] n. outcry, clamor ◇ PM/361-362
clan ◈ noss* [nˈɔss] (nos) n. kindred, family, clan ◇ Ety/378, PM/320
clasp ◈ taew [tˈɑɛw] n. holder, socket, hasp, clasp, staple ◇ Ety/390
claw ◈ gamp [gˈɑmp] n. hook, claw ◇ Ety/357
clean ◈ puig [pˈujg] adj. clean, tidy, neat ◇ Ety/382
clear ◈ lim* II [lˈim] adj. clear, sparkling, light ◇ WJ/337
cleared ◈ laden* [lˈɑdɛn] (lhaden) pl. ledin* [lˈɛdin] (lhedin) adj. open, cleared ◇ Ety/368, X/LH
clearing ◈ lant* I [lˈɑnt] (lhant) n. clearing in forest ◇ X/LH
cleaver ◈ crist [krˈist] n. cleaver, sword ◇ Ety/365 ◈ hâdh [hˈɑːð] n. Arch., Poet. (?) cleaver ◇ Ety/389
cleft ◈ cîl [kˈiːl] n. cleft, pass between hills, gorge ◇ Ety/365 ◈ cirith* [kˈiriθ] n. cleft, high climbing pass, narrow passage cut through earth or rock ◇ S/387, UT/426, TC/181 ◈ criss [krˈiss] n. cleft, cut, slash ◇ Ety/365, VT/45:23 ◈ falch* [fˈɑlx] n. deep cleft, ravine ← Orfalch Echor UT/468 ◈ iau II [jˈɑu] n. ravine, cleft, gulf ◇ Ety/400 ◈ thanc* [θˈɑŋk] adj. cleft, split, forked ← Orthanc S/415, Ety/388
clever ◈ maen [mˈɑɛn] adj. skilled, clever ◇ Ety/371
cloak ◈ coll* III [kˈɔll] n. cloak, mantle ← Thingol S/421, MR/385
closed ◈ hollen* [hˈɔllɛn] pp. closed ← Fen Hollen LotR/V:IV ◈ It might also be sollen (q.v.), mutated in adjectival position ◈ sollen* [sˈɔllɛn] pp. closed ← Fen Hollen LotR/V:IV ◈ The unmutated form is reconstructed from the place name Fen Hollen, assuming that the word, used in adjectival position, is mutated. However hollen as the regular form might be possible as well: it could be expected to be mutated likewise (into *chollen), but on the other hand the example of Nen Hithoel seems to show that words beginning with an h may resist to the lenition ◈ tafnen* [tˈɑvnɛn] adj. closed, blocked, stopped ← uidavnen WR/341 ◈ Normalized to tafnen, as for lefnui ◈ uidafnen* [ujdˈɑvnɛn] (uidavnen) adj. ever-closed ◇ WR/341 ◈ Normalized to uidafnen, as in lefnui
clothe ◈ hab- [hˈɑb] v. to clothe ◇ Ety/363 ◈ hamma- (corr. hamnia) [hˈɑmmɑ] v. to clothe ◇ Ety/363, VT/45:20
clothing ◈ hammad [hˈɑmmɑd] ger. of hamma-, clothing ◇ Ety/363
cloud ◈ fân* [fˈɑːn] n. 1. veil ○ 2. by ext. cloud (applied to clouds, floating as veils over the blue sky or the sun or moon, or resting on hills) ◇ RGEO/74 ◈ faun [fˈɑun] n. cloud ◇ Ety/387
cloudy ◈ fanui* [fˈɑnuj] adj. cloudy ◇ RGEO/74
club ◈ grond [grˈɔnd] n. club ◇ Ety/384, X/ND1
coat ◈ heleth [hˈɛlɛθ] n. fur, fur-coat ◇ Ety/386
cobweb ◈ lhing* [ɬˈiŋ] (thling) n. spider, spider's web, cobweb ◇ Ety/386, X/LH
coin ◈ canath* [kˈɑnɑθ] n. 'quarter', silver coin used in Gondor, the fourth part of a 'mirian' → mirian ◇ PM/45 ◈ mirian* [mˈiri.ɑn] n. piece of money, coin used in Gondor → canath ◇ PM/45
cold ◈ helch [hˈɛl̡x] n. bitter cold ◇ Ety/364 ◈ ring* [rˈiŋ] (rhing) adj. cold ◇ Ety/383, S/436, VT/42:13, X/RH
come ◈ teli [tˈɛli] v. inf. of tol-, to come ◇ Ety/395 ◈ tol- [tˈɔl] v. to come ◈ tolo* [tˈɔlɔ] v. imp. of tol-, come! ◇ VT/44:21,25
commanding ◈ conui* [kˈɔnuj] adj. commanding, ruling (?) ← Argonui LotR/A(ii)
compact ◈ gowest [gˈɔwɛst] n. contract, compact, treaty ◇ Ety/399 ◈ gwaedh [gwˈɑɛð] n. bond, troth, compact, oath ◇ Ety/397
compulsion ◈ thang* [θˈɑŋ] n. compulsion, duress, need, oppression ◇ Ety/388, S/438
conceal ◈ delia- [dˈɛli.ɑ] v. to conceal ◈ delio [dˈɛli.ɔ] (dœlio) v. inf. of delia-, to conceal ◇ Ety/355 ◈ doltha- [dˈɔlθɑ] pa. t. Arch. daul [dˈɑul] v. to conceal ◇ Ety/355
concealed ◈ dolen [dˈɔlɛn] pp. of doltha-, concealed, hidden ◇ Ety/355
conceive ◈ nautha- [nˈɑuθɑ] v. to conceive ◇ Ety/378
concerning ◈ o II [ɔ] prep. about, concerning ◇ Ety/378 ◈ The Etymologies state that h- is prefixed to the word following this preposition, when it begins in a vowel: o Hedhil "concerning the Elves (Edhil)". Some scholars consider that this rule is not valid in Sindarin, but that the preposition would perhaps become oh in such a case (hence oh Edhil, to be compared with ah in Athrabeth Finrod ah Andreth
confirm ◈ tangada- [tˈɑŋgɑdɑ] v. to make firm, confirm, establish ◈ tangado [tˈɑŋgɑdɔ] v. inf. of tangada-, to make firm, confirm, establish ◇ Ety/389
conquer ◈ ortheri [ˈɔrθɛri] v. inf. of orthor-, to master, conquer ◇ Ety/395 ◈ orthor- [ˈɔrθɔr] v. to master, conquer
contorted ◈ norn [nˈɔrn] pl. nyrn* [nˈyrn] adj. 1. twisted, knotted, crabbed, contorted ○ 2. hard ◇ Ety/387
contract ◈ gowest [gˈɔwɛst] n. contract, compact, treaty ◇ Ety/399
contrivance ◈ gaud [gˈɑud] n. device, contrivance, machine ◇ Ety/358
control ◈ tortha- [tˈɔrθɑ] v. to wield, control ◈ tortho [tˈɔrθɔ] v. inf. of tortha-, to wield, control ◇ Ety/395
converse ◈ athrabeth* [ˈɑθrɑbɛθ] n. debate, converse ◇ MR/329
cool ◈ him* II [hˈim] adj. cool ◇ S/432
copper ◈ gaer* II [gˈɑɛr] (goer) adj. red, copper-coloured, ruddy ◇ Ety/358, X/OE ◈ ross* II [rˈɔss] adj. red-haired, copper coloured, especially used of animals, as fox, red deer, etc. ◇ VT/41:10 ◈ rust* [rˈust] n. copper ◇ VT/41:10 ◈ rustui* [rˈustuj] adj. of copper ◇ VT/41:10
cord ◈ nordh [nˈɔrð] n. cord ◇ Ety/387
core ◈ ened* [ˈɛnɛd] (enedh) n. core, centre, middle ◇ Ety/356, Ety/376, UT/450, Letters/224, VT/41:12,16 ◈ While the word is written enedh in the Etymologies, it seems that Tolkien considered and reconsidered its form throughout his life. Late rough jottings (c. 1968), as well as the text of letter no. 168 and the fact that the toponym Enedwaith was never changed on the LotR map, seems to imply that ened is the (most) definitive form. See also the possibly related preposition ned, which has been suggested to mean "in" (while again a prefix nedh- is seen in the Etymologies)
corn ◈ iau I [jˈɑu] n. Bot. corn ◇ Ety/399
corner ◈ bennas [bˈɛnnɑs] n. angle, corner ◇ Ety/352, Ety/375 ◈ nass [nˈɑss] n. 1. point, (sharp) end ○ 2. angle or corner ◇ Ety/375, VT/45:37
corpse ◈ daen [dˈɑɛn] n. corpse ◇ Ety/375
corrupt ◈ thaw [θˈɑw] adj. corrupt, rotten ◇ Ety/393
counsel ◈ gûr* I [gˈuːr] n. heart (in the moral sense), counsel ◇ VT/41:11,15
count ◈ gonod- [gˈɔnɔd] v. to count, count up, reckon, sum up ◇ Ety/378, Ety/399 ◈ nedia-* [nˈɛdi.ɑ] (nœdia-) v. to count ◇ Ety/378
countenance ◈ thîr* [θˈiːr] n. look, face, expression, countenance ◇ Ety/392, VT/41:10
countless ◈ arnediad [ɑrnˈɛdi.ɑd] (arnœdiad*) adj. innumerable, countless, endless, without reckoning, numberless ◇ Ety/349, Ety/378, S/428 ◈ aronoded [ɑrˈɔnɔdɛd] adj. innumerable, countless, endless ◇ Ety/378 ◈ See also arnediad
course ◈ rant* [rˈɑnt] n. 1. lode, vein ○ 2. course, riverbed ◇ Ety/383, S/436 ◈ rath* [rˈɑθ] n. 1. course, riverbed ○ 2. street ◇ Ety/383, LotR/Index ◈ ŷr* [ˈyːr] (iôr) n. course ◇ Ety/400, X/IU
courtyard ◈ pand* [pˈɑnd] (pann) n. courtyard ◇ Ety/380, X/ND1
cover ◈ esgal* [ˈɛsgɑl] n. veil, screen, cover that hides ◇ S/431 ◈ toba- [tˈɔbɑ] v. to cover, roof over ◈ tobo [tˈɔbɔ] v. inf. of toba-, to cover, roof over ◇ Ety/394
crabbed ◈ norn [nˈɔrn] pl. nyrn* [nˈyrn] adj. 1. twisted, knotted, crabbed, contorted ○ 2. hard ◇ Ety/387
craft ◈ curu [kˈuru] (curw) n. craft, skill ◇ Ety/366, X/W ◈ maenas [mˈɑɛnɑs] n. craft ◇ Ety/371
creature ◈ raug* [rˈɑug] (graug*, rhaug) n. a powerful, hostile and terrible creature, a demon ◇ Ety/384, S/436, WJ/415, X/RH ◈ ulunn* [ˈulunn] (ulund, ulun) n. monster, deformed and hideous creature ◇ Ety/396, X/ND4 ◈ ûn [ˈuːn] n. creature ◇ Ety/379
crescent ◈ cû* [kˈuː] n. 1. arch, crescent ○ 2. by ext. bow ◇ Ety/365, S/429 ◈ cúron* [kˈuːrɑn] (cúran) n. the crescent moon ◇ Ety/365, X/Z
crest ◈ amloth* [ˈɑmlɔθ] n. Mil. flower or floreate device used as crest fixed to the point of a helmet ◇ WJ/318
crooked ◈ raeg* [rˈɑɛg] (rhoeg) adj. crooked, bent, wrong ◇ Ety/383, X/OE, X/RH ◈ raen* I [rˈɑɛn] (rhaen) adj. crooked ◇ Ety/382, X/RH
cross ◈ athrada- [ˈɑθrɑdɑ] v. to cross, traverse ◈ athrado [ˈɑθrɑdɔ] v. inf. of athrada-, to cross, traverse ◇ Ety/383
crossing ◈ athrad* [ˈɑθrɑd] pl. ethraid* [ˈɛθrɑjd] n. (river-)crossing, ford, way ◇ Ety/349, Ety/383, UT/437 ◈ iach* [jˈɑx] n ford, crossing ← Arossiach S/382, Brithiach S/286, Cirith Ninniach S/387
crow ◈ corch [kˈɔrx] n. crow ◇ Ety/362 ◈ craban* [krˈɑbɑn] pl. crebain* [krˈɛbɑjn] n. kind of crow of large size, raven ◇ LotR/II:III
crowd ◈ hoth* [hˈɔθ] n. Pej. host, crowd, horde (nearly always in a bad sense) ◇ Ety/364, S/432 ◈ ovras [ˈɔvrɑs] n. crowd, heap. ◇ Ety/396 ◈ rim* I [rˈim] (rhim, rhimb) n. crowd, host, great number ◇ Ety/383, S/436, Letters/178, Letters/382, X/RH
crown ◈ rî* [rˈiː] (rhî) n. crown, wreath, garland ◇ Ety/383, PM/347, X/RH
crowned ◈ rîn* I [rˈiːn] (rhîn, rhien) n. and adj. 1. crowned ○ 2. by ext. as a noun, crowned lady, queen ◇ Ety/393, Ety/389, X/RH
cruel ◈ balch [bˈɑlx] adj. cruel ◇ Ety/377 ◈ baug [bˈɑug] adj. tyrannous, cruel, oppressive ◇ Ety/372
cry ◈ can-* [kˈɑn] v. to cry out, shout, call ◇ PM/361-362 ◈ hûl [hˈuːl] n. cry of encouragement in battle ◇ Ety/386 ◈ nalla-* [nˈɑllɑ] v. to cry ← nallon LotR/IV:X, RGEO/72, Letters/278 ◈ nallon* [nˈɑllɔn] v. 1st of nalla-, I cry ◇ LotR/IV:X, RGEO/72, Letters/278
cunning ◈ coru* [kˈɔru] (corw) adj. cunning, wily ◇ Ety/366, X/W
curse ◈ rhach* [ɹ̥ˈɑx] n. curse ← e-'Rach MR/373
cushion ◈ nedhu* [nˈɛðu] (nedhw) n. bolster, cushion ◇ Ety/378, X/W
custody ◈ band* [bˈɑnd] (bann) n. duress, prison, custody, safe-keeping ◇ Ety/371, S/428, MR/350, X/ND1
custom ◈ haew [hˈɑɛw] n. custom, habit ◇ Ety/364 ◈ Written hæw (with ae-ligature) in the Etymologies
cut ◈ esgeri [ˈɛsgɛri] v. inf. of osgar-, to cut round, to amputate ◇ Ety/379 ◈ osgar- [ˈɔsgɑr] v. to cut round, to amputate ◈ rest* [rˈɛst] (rhest) n. cut ◇ Ety/384, X/RH ◈ rista-* [rˈistɑ] v. 1. to cut ○ 2. to rend, rip ◈ risto* [rˈistɔ] (rhisto) v. inf. of rista-, 1. to cut ○ 2. to rend, rip ◇ Ety/384, X/RH
cutlass ◈ lang* [lˈɑŋ] (lhang) n. cutlass, sword ◇ Ety/367, X/LH
cycle ◈ andrann* [ˈɑndrɑnn] (anrand) n. cycle, age (100 Valian Years) ◇ Ety/382, X/ND4 ◈ Helge Fauskanger notes: the element and "long" would normally be preserved before r-, but d is lost because there is another d in the word (VT/41:9); however, this second d later disappeared in the change from -nd to -nn, and it is unclear whether or not an- would then revert to and-
daddy ◈ ada [ˈɑdɑ] n. hypo. of adar, father, daddy ◇ Ety/349
dagger ◈ sigil I [sˈigil̡] n. dagger, knife ◇ Ety/385
daily ◈ ilaurui* [ilˈɑuruj] adj. daily ◇ VT/44:21,28
daisy ◈ eirien* [ˈɛjri.ɛn] n. Bot. daisy (flower) ◇ SD/129-31
damp ◈ nîd [nˈiːd] adj. damp, wet, tearful ◇ Ety/376
dangle ◈ gling [glˈiŋ] n. hang, dangle ◇ Ety/359, Ety/369
dare ◈ bertha- [bˈɛrθɑ] v. to dare ◈ bertho [bˈɛrθɔ] v. inf. of bertha-, to dare ◇ Ety/352
dark ◈ doll [dˈɔll] (dolt) adj. dark, dusky, obscure ◇ Ety/355, Ety/376, X/LD ◈ dûr* [dˈuːr] pl. duir* [dˈujr] adj. dark, sombre ◇ Ety/354, S/430, UT/434 ◈ môr* [mˈɔːr] n. darkness, dark, night ◇ Ety/373, Letters/382 ◈ morn* [mˈɔrn] pl. myrn* [mˈyrn] adj. black, dark ◇ Ety/373, Letters/382, Letters/427, WJ/368, WR/113, UT/65
darkness ◈ dúath* [dˈuːɑθ] (dúwath) n. coll. of dû, 1. darkness, shadow ○ 2. nightshade ◇ Ety/354, S/430 ◈ fuin* [fˈujn] n. night, dead of night, gloom, darkness ◇ Ety/354, Ety/382, S/431 ◈ môr* [mˈɔːr] n. darkness, dark, night ◇ Ety/373, Letters/382
dart ◈ hador* [hˈɑdr̩] n. thrower (of spears and darts) ◇ Ety/363, WJ/234 ◈ hadron [hˈɑdrɔn] n. m. thrower (of spears and darts) ◇ Ety/363
daughter ◈ iell [jˈɛl̡l] n. f. 1. daughter ○ 2. girl, maid ◇ Ety/385, Ety/400 ◈ Stated to be an alteration of sell, remodelled after ion "son" (OS *jondo). It was "a change assisted by the loss of s in compounds and patronymics", hence the ending -iel in several feminine words ◈ sell [sˈɛl̡l] n. f. 1. daughter ○ 2. girl, maid (child) ◇ Ety/385 ◈ sellath* [sˈɛl̡lɑθ] n. coll. of sell, all the daughters ◇ SD/129-31
dauntless ◈ thalion* [θˈɑli.ɔn] pl. thelyn [θˈɛlyn] n. hero, dauntless man (especially as surname of Húrin Thalion) ◇ Ety/388, S/438
dawn ◈ minuial* [minˈuj.ɑl] n. morrowdim', the time near dawn, when the star fade ◇ LotR/D
day ◈ arad [ˈɑrɑd] n. daytime, a day ◇ Ety/349 ◈ aur* [ˈɑur] n. day, sunlight, morning ◇ Ety/349, S/439 ◈ See also calan ◈ calan* [kˈɑlɑn] n. day, period of actual daylight ◇ aLotR/D ◈ Attested in the first edition of LotR, but omitted from the second. See also aur ◈ oraearon* [ɔrˈɑɛ.ɑrɔn] n. Cal. seventh day of the Númenórean week, Sea-day ◇ LotR/D ◈ oranor* [ˈɔrɑnɔr] n. Cal. second day of the week, day of the Sun ◇ LotR/D ◈ orbelain* [ˈɔrbɛlɑjn] n. Cal. sixth day of the week, day of the Powers or Valar ◇ LotR/D ◈ orgaladh* [ˈɔrgɑlɑð] n. Cal. fourth day of the Númenórean week, day of the White Tree ◇ LotR/D ◈ This day was formerly called orgaladhad in the Elvish calendar ◈ orgaladhad* [ɔrgˈɑlɑðɑd] n. Cal. fourth day of the Elvish week, day of the Two Trees ◇ LotR/D ◈ This day was renamed orgaladh in the Númenórean calendar ◈ orgilion* [ɔrgˈili.ɔn] n. Cal. first day of the week, day of the Stars ◇ LotR/D ◈ orithil* [ˈɔriθil̡] n. Cal. third day of the week, day of the Moon ◇ LotR/D ◈ ormenel* [ˈɔrmɛnɛl̡] n. Cal. fifth day of the week, Heavens' day ◇ LotR/D ◈ penninor [pˈɛnninɔr] (penninar) n. Cal. last day of the year ◇ Ety/400, X/Z
daylight ◈ calan* [kˈɑlɑn] n. day, period of actual daylight ◇ aLotR/D ◈ Attested in the first edition of LotR, but omitted from the second. See also aur
daytime ◈ arad [ˈɑrɑd] n. daytime, a day ◇ Ety/349
dead ◈ fern [fˈɛrn] pl. firn [fˈirn] n. and adj. 1. dead (of mortals) ○ 2. as a noun, dead person ◇ Ety/381 ◈ gwann [gwˈɑnn] adj. departed, dead ◇ Ety/397
deadly ◈ delu* [dˈɛlu] (delw) adj. hateful, deadly, fell ◇ Ety/355, X/W
dear ◈ mell [mˈɛl̡l] adj. dear ◇ Ety/372 ◈ muin [mˈujn] adj. dear ◇ Ety/374
death ◈ gûr II [gˈuːr] n. death ◇ Ety/377 ◈ gurth* [gˈurθ] n. death ◇ S/432, UT/39, UT/54 ◈ guruth [gˈuruθ] n. death ◇ Ety/377 ◈ guruthos* [gˈuruθɔs] n. the shadow of death, death-horror ← di-nguruthos LotR/IV:X, RGEO/72, Letters/278 ◈ gwanath [gwˈɑnɑθ] n. death (act of dying, not death as a state or abstract) ◇ Ety/397 ◈ gwanu* [gwˈɑnu] (gwanw) n. death (act of dying, not death as a state or abstract) ◇ Ety/397, X/W
debate ◈ athrabeth* [ˈɑθrɑbɛθ] n. debate, converse ◇ MR/329
december ◈ girithron* [girˈiθrɔn] n. Cal. december (month) ◇ LotR/D
declivity ◈ pend [pˈɛnd] (penn) n. declivity ◇ Ety/380, X/ND1
decripit ◈ gern [gˈɛrn] adj. worn, old, decripit (used of things only) ◇ Ety/360 ◈ ingem [ˈiŋgɛm] adj. old (of person, in mortal sense: decripit, suffering from old age) ◇ Ety/358, Ety/399, Ety/400 ◈ New word coined by the Elves after meeting with men
deed ◈ cardh II [kˈɑrð] n. deed, feat ◇ Ety/362 ◈ Dialectal carth
deep ◈ nûr I [nˈuːr] adj. deep ◇ Ety/378 ◈ tofn [tˈɔvn] adj. lowlying, deep, low ◇ Ety/394
deer ◈ aras* [ˈɑrɑs] n. Zool. deer ◇ WJ/156-157
defile ◈ aglonn* [ˈɑglɔnn] (aglond, aglon) n. defile, pass between high walls ◇ Ety/348, X/ND4
dell ◈ im* II [ˈim] (imm, imb) n. dell, deep vale ← imlad, imloth, imrath, VT/45:18
delving ◈ groth* [grˈɔθ] n. 1. large excavation ○ 2. delving, underground dwelling ◇ WJ/415, S/431
demon ◈ raug* [rˈɑug] (graug*, rhaug) n. a powerful, hostile and terrible creature, a demon ◇ Ety/384, S/436, WJ/415, X/RH
denial ◈ ubed [ˈubɛd] n. denial ◇ WR/132, WR/137-138
depart ◈ gwanna- [gwˈɑnnɑ] v. to depart, die ◈ gwanno [gwˈɑnnɔ] v. inf. of gwanna-, to depart, die ◇ Ety/397
departed ◈ gwann [gwˈɑnn] adj. departed, dead ◇ Ety/397
deprive ◈ neitha-* [nˈɛjθɑ] v. to wrong, to deprive ← Neithan UT/456
deprived ◈ neithan* [nˈɛjθɑn] adj. deprived, wronged ◇ UT/456
descendant ◈ ion* [jˈɔn] (iond*, ionn) n. m. 1. son ○ 2. by ext. scion, male descendant ◇ Ety/400, MR/373, X/ND1, X/ND2 ◈ For the second meaning, cf. Hadorion, a Húrin's epithet in WJ/294, Hurinionath referring to the house of Húrin the Steward in PM/202-3,218, and Gil-Galad's epithet Ereinion, cf. also the gloss of the old Qenya cognate yondo "descendant of" in PE/12:106, or the use of the same suffix in later Quenya names such as Isildurioni and Anárioni "Heirs of Isildur (resp. Anárion)" in PM/192,196
desert ◈ eru [ˈɛru] n. waste, desert ◇ Ety/356
desire ◈ aníra-* [ɑnˈiːrɑ] v. to desire ◇ SD/129-31
detestation ◈ delos [dˈɛlɔs] (deloth) n. abhorrence, detestation, loathing ◇ Ety/355
device ◈ gaud [gˈɑud] n. device, contrivance, machine ◇ Ety/358
dew ◈ mîdh (corr. mídh) [mˈiːð] n. dew ◇ Ety/373
diacritic ◈ gasdil [gˈɑsdil̡] n. Ling. "stopgap", name of a diacritic sign used to indicate that g had been lenited to zero ◇ Ety/354, Ety/357
die ◈ gwanna- [gwˈɑnnɑ] v. to depart, die ◈ gwanno [gwˈɑnnɔ] v. inf. of gwanna-, to depart, die ◇ Ety/397
dim ◈ gwathra-* [gwˈɑθrɑ] v. to overshadow, dim, veil, obscure ◇ VT/42:9 ◈ gwathren* [gwˈɑθrɛn] pl. gwethrin* [gwˈɛθrin] adj. shadowy, dim ← Ered Wethrin S/432, VT/42:9
dimness ◈ dû* [dˈuː] n. nightfall, late evening, night, dimness ◇ Ety/354, S/430, VT/45:9
din ◈ glam* [glˈɑm] (glamm*, glamb*) n. 1. barbarous speech, shouting, confused noise ○ 2. din, uproar, the confused yelling and bellowing of beasts ○ 3. by ext. as a coll. noun, any body of orcs ◇ Ety/358, Ety/377, WJ/390, WJ/416
dirty ◈ gwaur [gwˈɑur] n. soiled, dirty ◇ Ety/397
disgust ◈ del [ˈdɛl̡] n. fear, disgust, loathing, horror ◇ Ety/355 ◈ fuia- [fˈuj.ɑ] v. to feel disgust at, abhor ◈ fuio [fˈuj.ɔ] v. inf. of fuia-, to feel disgust at, abhor ◇ Ety/381
distance ◈ haered* [hˈɑɛrɛd] n. remote distance, the remote ← na-chaered LotR/II:I, RGEO/72
distant ◈ hae* [hˈɑɛ] adj. far, remote, distant ← Gwahaedir PM/186, VT/45:21 ◈ haeron* [hˈɑɛrɔn] adj. far, remote, distant ◇ PM/273
distinct ◈ minai* [mˈinɑj] (minei) adj. single, distinct, unique ◇ Ety/373, X/EI
district ◈ trann* [trˈɑnn] n. shire, administrative district, division of a realm ← i-Drann SD/129-31
disturb ◈ presta- [prˈɛstɑ] v. to affect, trouble, disturb ◈ presto [prˈɛstɔ] v. inf. of presta-, to affect, trouble, disturb ◇ Ety/380
divinity ◈ balan* [bˈɑlɑn] pl. belain* [bˈɛlɑjn] (belein, belen) n. Theo. Vala, divine power, divinity ◇ Ety/350, S/439, Letters/427, X/EI ◈ rodon* [rˈɔdɔn] pl. rodyn* [rˈɔdyn] n. Theo. Vala, divinity ◇ LotR/D
do ◈ car-* [kˈɑr] irreg. pa. t. agor* [ˈɑgɔr] v. to do ← avo garo WJ/371, WJ/415 ◈ caro* [kˈɑrɔ] v. imp. of car-, do! make! ◇ VT/44:21,25
doer ◈ ceredir [kˈɛrɛdˌir] n. doer, maker ◇ Ety/354
dog ◈ hû [hˈuː] n. Zool. dog ◇ Ety/364
doing ◈ cared [kˈɑrɛd] ger. of car-, making, doing ← ceredir Ety/354
dome ◈ telu [tˈɛlu] n. dome, high roof ◇ Ety/391
doom ◈ amarth* [ˈɑmɑrθ] (ammarth) n. fate, doom ◇ Ety/372, S/427, LotR/A(i), TC/183 ◈ bartha- [bˈɑrθɑ] v. to doom ◈ bartho [bˈɑrθɔ] v. inf. of bartha-, to doom ◇ Ety/372 ◈ manadh [mˈɑnɑð] n. 1. doom, final end, fate, fortune ○ 2. by ext. final bliss ◇ Ety/371
doomed ◈ barad I [bˈɑrɑd] adj. doomed ◇ Ety/372
door ◈ annon* [ˈɑnnɔn] pl. ennyn* [ˈɛnnyn] n. great door or gate ◇ Ety/348, S/428, LotR/II:IV, TAI/150 ◈ fen* [fˈɛn] (fend, fenn) n. door, threshold ◇ Ety/381, LotR/V:IV, WR/341, X/ND1
doorway ◈ fennas* [fˈɛnnɑs] n. doorway, gateway ◇ LotR/II:IV, RS/463, RGEO/75
dot ◈ peg [pˈɛg] n. small spot, dot ◇ Ety/382
double ◈ edaid* [ˈɛdɑjd] adj. double ◇ VT/42:26-27 ◈ tadol [tˈɑdɔl] adj. double ◇ Ety/391
dough ◈ moeas [mˈɔɛ.ɑs] n. dough ◇ Ety/371
dove ◈ cugu [kˈugu] n. dove ◇ Ety/365
down ◈ dad [dˈɑd] adv. down, downwards ◇ Ety/354
downhill ◈ dadbenn [dˈɑdbɛnn] (dadben) adv. downhill, inclined, prone ◇ Ety/354, Ety/380, X/ND4
downs ◈ tyrn* [tˈyrn] n. pl. downs ◇ LotR/A(iii), PM/194 ◈ Tyrn Gorthad "the Barrow-downs"
downwards ◈ dad [dˈɑd] adv. down, downwards ◇ Ety/354
dragon ◈ amlug [ˈɑmlug] n. dragon ◇ Ety/349, Ety/370 ◈ limlug* [lˈimlug] (lhimlug) n. fish-dragon, sea-serpent ◇ Ety/370, X/LH
drain ◈ sautha- [sˈɑuθɑ] v. to drain ◇ Ety/388
draught ◈ suith* [sˈujθ] (sûth) n. draught ◇ Ety/388, X/Z
dread ◈ achas* [ˈɑxɑs] n. dread, fear ← Daerachas WJ/187 ◈ This might also be *gachas, mutated in composition ◈ gae [gˈɑɛ] n. dread ◇ Ety/358 ◈ gost [gˈɔst] n. dread ◇ Ety/359
dreadful ◈ gaer I [gˈɑɛr] adj. dreadful ◇ Ety/358 ◈ goeol* [gˈɔɛ.ɔl] adj. dreadful, terrifying ◇ PM/363
dream ◈ ôl [ˈɔːl] pl. elei n. dream ◇ Ety/370, Ety/379 ◈ oltha- [ˈɔlθɑ] v. to dream ◇ Ety/370, Ety/379
drink ◈ soga- [sˈɔgɑ] pa. t. asogant [ˈɑsɔgɑnt] (sunc) v. to drink ◇ Ety/388 ◈ sogo [sˈɔgɔ] v. inf. of soga-, to drink ◇ Ety/388
drunk ◈ sogannen (corr. sogennen) [sɔgˈɑnnɛn] pp. of soga-, drunk ◇ Ety/388
dry ◈ parch [pˈɑrx] adj. dry ◇ Ety/380
dungeon ◈ gador [gˈɑdr̩] (gadr) n. prison, dungeon ◇ Ety/358
dunlendings ◈ gwathuirim* [gwɑθˈujrim] n. class pl. Pop. The Dunlendings or People of Dunland ◇ PM/330
duress ◈ band* [bˈɑnd] (bann) n. duress, prison, custody, safe-keeping ◇ Ety/371, S/428, MR/350, X/ND1 ◈ thang* [θˈɑŋ] n. compulsion, duress, need, oppression ◇ Ety/388, S/438
dusk ◈ tinnu [tˈinnu] (tindu) n. 1. dusk, twilight, early night (without moon) ○ 2. starry twilight ◇ Ety/355, Ety/393, X/ND2
dusky ◈ doll [dˈɔll] (dolt) adj. dark, dusky, obscure ◇ Ety/355, Ety/376, X/LD
dust ◈ ast [ˈɑst] n. dust ◇ Ety/349 ◈ lith* [lˈiθ] n. ash, sand, dust ◇ Ety/369, S/434, TC/178
dwarf ◈ anfang [ˈɑnfɑŋ] pl. enfeng* [ˈɛnfɛŋ] n. one of the Longbeards (a tribe of dwarves) ◇ Ety/348, Ety/387, WJ/322 ◈ anfangrim* [ɑnfˈɑŋgrim] n. class pl. of anfang, Longbeards (a tribe of dwarves) ◇ WJ/322 ◈ dornhoth* [dˈɔrn.hɔθ] n. class pl. "the thrawn folk", dwarves ◇ WJ/388 ◈ hadhod* [hˈɑðɔd] n. dwarf ◇ WJ/388, WJ/414 ◈ hadhodrim* [hɑðˈɔdrim] n. class pl. of hadhod, dwarves, as a race ◇ WJ/388 ◈ naug* [nˈɑug] n. and adj. 1. stunted, dwarf ○ 2. as a noun, a dwarf ◇ Ety/375, WJ/388 ◈ naugol [nˈɑugl̩] (naugl) n. dwarf ◇ Ety/375 ◈ Diminutive form of naug ◈ naugrim* [nˈɑugrim] n. class pl. of naug, dwarves ◇ WJ/388 ◈ nawag [nˈɑwɑg] pl. neweg (neweig) n. dwarf ◇ Ety/375 ◈ nogoth* [nˈɔgɔθ] pl. negyth* [nˈɛgyθ] (nœgyth*) n. dwarf, etym. "the stunted folk" ◇ S/435, WJ/338, WJ/388, WJ/408, WJ/413 ◈ nogothrim* [nɔgˈɔθrim] n. class pl. of nogoth, dwarf-folk ◇ RGEO/75, UT/318, WJ/388
dwarflet ◈ nogotheg* [nˈɔgɔθɛg] n. dimin. of nogoth, "dwarflet", a name of the petty-dwarves ◇ WJ/388
dwell ◈ dortha- [dˈɔrθɑ] v. to dwell, stay ◈ dortho [dˈɔrθɔ] v. inf. of dortha-, to dwell, stay ◇ Ety/376
dwelling ◈ bar* [bˈɑr] pl. bair* [bˈɑjr] n. 1. dwelling, home ○ 2. by ext. inhabited land ◇ S/428, WR/379-80, SD/129-31 ◈ groth* [grˈɔθ] n. 1. large excavation ○ 2. delving, underground dwelling ◇ WJ/415, S/431
eager ◈ bara [bˈɑrɑ] adj. 1. fiery ○ 2. eager ◇ Ety/351
eagle ◈ thôr* I [θˈɔːr] n. Orn. eagle ← Belecthor S/322,365, LotR/A(ii), Ety/392 ◈ thoron* [θˈɔrɔn] pl. theryn* [θˈɛryn] (therein) n. Orn. eagle ◇ Ety/392, S/438, X/Z ◈ thoronath* [θˈɔrɔnɑθ] n. coll. of thoron, eagles ◇ S/387, S/438
ear ◈ lhaw* [ɬˈɑw] n. pl. Biol. ears (referring to one person's pair of ears only) ◇ Ety/368, LotR/II:IX ◈ lhewig [ɬˈɛwig] n. sing. of lhaw, Biol. ear ◇ Ety/368, LotR/II:IX
earth ◈ amar [ˈɑmɑr] (ambar) n. earth ◇ Ety/372 ◈ cae* [kˈɑɛ] (coe) n. earth ◇ Ety/363, X/OE ◈ This word is indeclinable, according to the Etymologies ◈ ceven* [kˈɛvɛn] n. Earth ◇ VT/44:21,27 ◈ ennor* [ˈɛnnɔr] n. central land, middle-earth ◇ LotR/E, X/ND2 ◈ ennorath* [ˈɛnnɔrɑθ] n. coll. of ennor, central lands, middle-earth ◇ LotR/E, LotR/II:I, RGEO/72-75
earthen ◈ cefn [kˈɛvn] (cevn) adj. earthen ◇ Ety/363, X/Z
east ◈ amrûn* [ˈɑmruːn] n. east, orient ◇ Ety/348, Ety/384, S/437, LotR/E ◈ rhûn* [ɹ̥ˈuːn] n. east ◇ Ety/384, S/436, LotR/E ◈ rhuven* [ɹ̥ˈuvɛn] (rhufen) n. Arch., Poet. east ◇ Ety/384, X/RH
eastern ◈ rhúnen* [ɹ̥ˈuːnɛn] adj. eastern ← Talath Rhúnen S/420
eat ◈ mad- [mˈɑd] v. to eat ◈ medi [mˈɛdi] v. inf. of mad-, to eat ◇ Ety/371
eavesdrop ◈ lathra-* [lˈɑθrɑ] v. to listen in, eavesdrop ◈ lathrada-* [lˈɑθrɑdɑ] v. to listen in, eavesdrop ◈ lathrado* [lˈɑθrɑdɔ] (lhathrado) v. inf. of lathrada-, to listen in, eavesdrop ◇ Ety/368, X/LH ◈ lathro* [lˈɑθrɔ] (lhathro) v. inf. of lathra-, to listen in, eavesdrop ◇ Ety/368, X/LH
eavesdropper ◈ lathron* [lˈɑθrɔn] (lhathron) n. hearer, listener, eavesdropper ◇ Ety/368, X/LH ◈ lethril* [lˈɛθril] (lhethril) n. f. hearer, listener, eavesdropper ◇ VT/45:26, X/LH
echo ◈ glamor [glˈɑmr̩] (glambr) n. echo ◇ Ety/358
echoing ◈ glamren [glˈɑmrɛn] adj. echoing ◇ Ety/358
eddy ◈ hwinia-* [ʍˈini.ɑ] v. to twirl, whirl, eddy ◈ hwinio* [ʍˈini.ɔ] (chwinio) v. inf. of hwinia-, to twirl, whirl, eddy ◇ Ety/388
edge ◈ lanc* III [lˈɑŋk] n. sharp edge (not of tools), sudden end (as a cliff-edge, or the clean edge of things made by hand or built) ◇ VT/42:8 ◈ rîw* [rˈiːw] (rhîf) n. edge, hem, border ◇ Ety/383, X/RH
eight ◈ toloth [tˈɔlɔθ] (tolodh*) adj. num. eight ◇ Ety/394, VT/42:25, VT/42:31 ◈ Tolkien emended toloth to tolodh, cf. VT/42:31. If we are to follow him, a word such as tolothen would be incorrect, unless the two forms coexisted
eighth ◈ tollui* [tˈɔlluj] adj. num. eighth ◇ VT/42:25 ◈ See also tolothen ◈ tolothen* [tˈɔlɔθɛn] adj. num. eighth ← erin dolothen SD/129-31 ◈ See also tollui
elder ◈ einior* [ˈɛjni.ɔr] adj. elder ◇ PM/358
elephant ◈ annabon [ˈɑnnɑbɔn] (andabon) n. Zool. elephant ◇ Ety/372, X/ND2
elf ◈ calben* [kˈɑlbɛn] pl. celbin* [kˈɛl̡bin] n. 1. elf of the Great Journey (lit. "light person") ○ 2. by ext. all Elves but the Avari ◇ WJ/362, WJ/376-377, WJ/408-409 ◈ danwaith* [dˈɑnwɑjθ] n. Pop. the Nandor (a tribe of Elves) ◇ WJ/385 ◈ denwaith* [dˈɛnwɑjθ] n. the Nandor (a tribe of Elves), the people of Denwe ◇ WJ/385 ◈ dúnedhel* [dˈuːnɛðɛl̡] pl. dúnedhil* [dˈunːɛðil̡] n. elf of the West, elf of Beleriand (including Noldor and Sindar) ◇ WJ/378 ◈ edhel* [ˈɛðɛl̡] pl. edhil* [ˈɛðil̡] n. elf ◇ Ety/356, S/430, WJ/363-364 ◈ edhelharn* [ɛðˈɛl̡hɑrn] n. elf-stone ◇ SD/128-129 ◈ egladhrim* [ɛglˈɑðrim] n. class pl. of eglan, "The Forsaken", Elves of the Falathrim ◇ WJ/189, WJ/365, WJ/379 ◈ eglan* [ˈɛglɑn] pl. eglain* [ˈɛglɑjn] n. and adj. 1. forsaken ○ 2. as a noun, an elf of the Falathrim ◇ WJ/365, WJ/379-380 ◈ egol* [ˈɛgl̩] n. someone forsaken, an elf of the Falathrim ← Eglath WJ/189, WJ/344 ◈ elleth* [ˈɛl̡lɛθ] n. f. elf-maid ◇ WJ/148, WJ/256, WJ/363-364 ◈ ellon* [ˈɛl̡lɔn] n. m. elf ◇ WJ/363-364 ◈ elvellon* [ɛl̡vˈɛl̡lɔn] pl. elvellyn* [ɛl̡vˈɛl̡lyn] n. elf-friend ◇ WJ/412 ◈ evair* [ˈɛvɑjr] n. pl. the Avari, a tribe of Elves ◇ WJ/380 ◈ This plural name was known to the loremasters, but went out of daily use at the time of the Exile ◈ galadhrim* [gɑlˈɑðrim] n. class pl. Elves of Lothlórien ◇ LotR ◈ glinnel* [glˈinnɛl̡] pl. glinnil* [glˈinnil̡] n. elf, one of the Teleri ◇ WJ/378, WJ/385 ◈ gódhel* [gˈɔːðɛl̡] pl. gódhil* [ˈgɔːðil̡] n. "deep elf" or "gnome", one of the wise folk ◇ WJ/364, WJ/379 ◈ gódhellim* [gɔːðˈɛl̡lim] n. class pl. of gódhel, "deep Elves" or "gnomes", the wise folk ◇ WJ/364 ◈ golodh* [gˈɔlɔð] pl. gelydh* [gˈɛlyð] (gœlydh*, gœlœidh, geleidh) n. "deep elf" or "gnome", one of the wise folk ◇ Ety/377, S/431, WJ/364 ◈ golodhrim* [gɔlˈɔðrim] n. class pl. of golodh, deep Elves, gnomes ◇ Ety/377, WJ/323 ◈ iathrim* [jˈɑθrim] n. class pl. Elves of Doriath ◇ WJ/378 ◈ lachenn* [lˈɑxɛnn] (lachend*) pl. lechenn* [lˈɛxinn] (lechind*) n. deep elf (Sindarin name for the Ñoldor) ◇ WJ/384, X/ND4 ◈ laegel* [lˈɑɛgɛl̡] pl. laegil* [lˈɑɛgil̡] n. a green elf ◇ WJ/385 ◈ laegrim* [lˈɑɛgrim] (laegeldrim*) n. class pl. of laegel, the people of the green Elves ◇ WJ/385 ◈ miniel* [mˈini.ɛl̡] pl. mínil* [mˈiːnil̡] n. an elf, one of the Vanyar ◇ WJ/383 ◈ mornedhel* [mˈɔrnɛðɛl̡] n. dark-elf ◇ WJ/377, WJ/380 ◈ ódhel* [ˈɔːðɛl̡] pl. ódhil* [ˈɔːðil̡] n. deep elf or gnome, one of the wise folk ◇ WJ/364, WJ/366, WJ/378-379 ◈ ódhellim* [ɔːðˈɛl̡lim] n. class pl. of ódhel, deep Elves or gnomes, the wise folk ◇ WJ/364 ◈ tawarwaith* [tɑwˈɑrwɑjθ] n. class pl. silvan elves ◇ UT/256 ◈ teler* [tˈɛlɛr] pl. telir* [tˈɛlir] n. an elf, one of the Teleri ◇ PM/385 ◈ telerrim* [tɛlˈɛrrim] n. class pl. of teler, the Teleri, a tribe of Elves ◇ PM/385
elm ◈ lalf [lˈɑlv] pl. lelf [lˈɛl̡v] n. Bot. elm-tree ◇ Ety/348 ◈ lalorn* [lˈɑlɔrn] (lhalorn) n. Bot. elm-tree ◇ Ety/367, X/LH ◈ lalven [lˈɑlvɛn] pl. lelvin [lˈɛl̡vin] n. Bot. elm-tree ◇ Ety/348 ◈ lalwen* [lˈɑlwɛn] (lhalwen) pl. lelwin [lˈɛl̡win] n. Bot. elm-tree ◇ Ety/367, X/LH
elvish ◈ edhellen* [ɛðˈɛl̡lɛn] adj. elvish, of the Elves ◇ LotR/II:IV, RS/463
embers ◈ iûl [jˈuːl] n. embers ◇ Ety/400 ◈ The word is classed as Old Noldorin (ON) in the Etymologies, but rather seems to be Noldorin
eminent ◈ orchal* [ˈɔrxl̩] (orchall, orchel) adj. 1. superior, lofty, eminent ○ 2. tall ◇ Ety/363, Ety/379, WJ/305 ◈ In his article Probable errors in the Etymologies, Helge Fauskanger lists orchel as a misreading, following Christopher Tolkien's note admitting that the e is uncertain. However, though orchal is attested in WJ/305, it does not necessarily mean that the form orchel is incorrect. It might be constructed by analogy with words such as hathol "axe" (from WJ/234 and the name of a Númenórean, Hatholdir, UT:444), which is also found as hathal (in Hathaldir, name of a companion of Barahir, LR/433, untranslated but conceivably cognate) and hathel (LR/389). Without entering into the details, such words end with a syllabic consonant (as in English "people"), and several vocalizations are apparently possible in Sindarin. The epenthetical vowel is generally o, but it seems that a or e are also allowed. Regarding orchal, its origin is of course different, as it is a compound word where the second element clearly derives from KHAL, but it may be have been assimilated, later, to this class of words by analogy. We may therefore consider that orchel is a perfectly valid dialectal variant
employ ◈ iuitha- [jˈujθɑ] v. to employ, to use ◈ iuitho [jˈujθɔ] v. inf. of iuitha-, to employ, to use ◇ Ety/400 ◈ The gloss was hardly legible. Christopher Tolkien reads 'to enjoy' but the meaning 'to employ' is much more probable (cf. iuith)
empty ◈ cofn [kˈɔvn] (caun) adj. empty, void ◇ Ety/366 ◈ lost* [lˈɔst] (lhost) adj. empty ◇ Ety/370, X/LH
encampment ◈ estolad* [ˈɛstɔlɑd] n. encampment ◇ UT/77, S/396
enchant ◈ lútha-* [lˈuːθɑ] (lhútha-) v. to enchant ◇ Ety/370, X/LH
encircling ◈ echor* [ˈɛxɔr] n. outer circle, encircling, outer ring ◇ LotR/V:I, LotR/Index, S/430
enclose ◈ gleina-* [glˈɛjnɑ] v. to bound, enclose, limit ◇ VT/42:8, VT/42:28 ◈ This entry should perhaps read gleinia-, cf. VT/42:28, note 13
enclosure ◈ cerin* [kˈɛrin] n. 1. circular enclosure ○ 2. by ext. mound ◇ Ety/365, S/429
encouragement ◈ hûl [hˈuːl] n. cry of encouragement in battle ◇ Ety/386
end ◈ meth [mˈɛθ] n. end ◇ Ety/373 ◈ methed* [mˈɛθɛd] n. end ◇ UT/452 ◈ methen [mˈɛθɛn] adj. end, final ◇ Ety/373, VT/45:34 ◈ tele [tˈɛlɛ] pl. telei [tˈɛlɛj] n. end, rear, hindmost part ◇ Ety/392
endless ◈ arnediad [ɑrnˈɛdi.ɑd] (arnœdiad*) adj. innumerable, countless, endless, without reckoning, numberless ◇ Ety/349, Ety/378, S/428 ◈ aronoded [ɑrˈɔnɔdɛd] adj. innumerable, countless, endless ◇ Ety/378 ◈ See also arnediad
endurance ◈ bronwe* [brˈɔnwɛ] n. endurance, lasting quality, faith ◇ Ety/353, SD/62
endure ◈ brenia- [brˈɛni.ɑ] v. to endure ◈ brenio (corr. bronio) [brˈɛni.ɔ] v. inf. of brenia-, to endure ◇ Ety/353, VT/45:7 ◈ dartha- [dˈɑrθɑ] v. to wait, stay, last, endure, remain ◇ Ety/353, VT/45:8
enduring ◈ bronadui [brˈɔnɑduj] adj. enduring, lasting ◇ Ety/353
enemy ◈ coth [kˈɔθ] n. 1. enmity ○ 2. enemy ◇ Ety/365
enlaced ◈ raen* II [rˈɑɛn] adj. nettled, enlaced ◇ VT/42:11
enlarge ◈ panna- I [pˈɑnnɑ] v. to open, to enlarge ◈ panno [pˈɑnnɔ] v. inf. of panna- I, to open, to enlarge ◇ Ety/380
enmesh ◈ gonathra- [gɔnˈɑθrɑ] v. to entangle, enmesh ◇ Ety/375
enmity ◈ coth [kˈɔθ] n. 1. enmity ○ 2. enemy ◇ Ety/365
enough ◈ far [fˈɑr] adj. or adv. sufficient, enough, quite ◇ Ety/381 ◈ farn [fˈɑrn] adj. or adv. enough ◇ Ety/381
ent ◈ onod* [ˈɔnɔd] pl. enyd* [ˈɛnyd] n. ent ◇ LotR/F, Letters/224 ◈ onodrim* [ɔnˈɔdrim] n. class pl. of onod, ents, as a race ◇ Letters/224, TC/165
entangle ◈ gonathra- [gɔnˈɑθrɑ] v. to entangle, enmesh ◇ Ety/375
entanglement ◈ gonathras [gɔnˈɑθrɑs] n. entanglement ◇ Ety/375
enter ◈ minna-* [mˈinnɑ] v. to enter ◈ minno* [mˈinnɔ] v. imp. of minna-, enter! (lit. to the inside!) ◇ LotR/II:IV ◈ neledhia- [nɛlˈɛði.ɑ] (neledhi) v. to enter ◇ TAI/150, HL/77 ◈ Hammond and Scull apparently understand this word as a derivative of neledh "three", hence their translation neledh neledhi "three by three". However, we have shown in Hiswelókë (third issue, pp. 74-78) that this word is conceivably a verb derived from LED "to go". The prefix ne- also occurs in nestegi "to insert, stick in"
envelope ◈ ui [ˈuj] n. envelope, especially of the Outer Sea or Air enfolding the world within the Ilurambar or world-walls ◇ Ety/397
errant ◈ raun* [rˈɑun] (rhaun) adj. errant ◇ Ety/383, X/RH
error ◈ mist [mˈist] n. error, wandering ◇ Ety/373 ◈ mistad* [mˈistɑd] (mistrad) n. straying, error ◇ Ety/373, X/Z
especial ◈ edregol* [ˈɛdrɛgl̩] adv. in especial ◇ SD/129-31
establish ◈ tangada- [tˈɑŋgɑdɑ] v. to make firm, confirm, establish ◈ tangado [tˈɑŋgɑdɔ] v. inf. of tangada-, to make firm, confirm, establish ◇ Ety/389
estuary ◈ ethir* I [ˈɛθir] n. mouth of river, estuary ◇ LotR/II:X, Ety/356
eternal ◈ uireb [ˈujrɛb] adj. eternal ◇ Ety/379
eternity ◈ uir [ˈujr] n. eternity ◇ Ety/379
evening ◈ aduial* [ɑdˈuj.ɑl] n. the evening, time of star-opening, "evendim" ◇ LotR/D ◈ dû* [dˈuː] n. nightfall, late evening, night, dimness ◇ Ety/354, S/430, VT/45:9 ◈ thin [θˈin] n. Poet. evening ◇ Ety/392 ◈ thinna- [θˈinnɑ] v. to fade, to grow towards evening ◇ Ety/392 ◈ The punctuation in The Etymologies is considered incorrect (the full dot after this word should conceivably be a comma)
ever ◈ ui-* [uj] pref. ever ← uidafnen, uilos (see these words)
evil ◈ um [ˈum] adj. bad, evil ◇ Ety/396
exalted ◈ arth* [ˈɑrθ] adj. (unknown meaning, perhaps noble, lofty, exalted) ← Arthedain LotR ◈ hall I [hˈɑll] adj. exalted, high ◇ Ety/363
excavate ◈ rosta- [rˈɔstɑ] v. to hollow out, excavate ◈ rosto [rˈɔstɔ] v. inf. of rosta-, to hollow out, excavate ◇ Ety/384
excavation ◈ groth* [grˈɔθ] n. 1. large excavation ○ 2. delving, underground dwelling ◇ WJ/415, S/431
exclamation ◈ elo* [ˈɛlɔ] interj. an exclamation of wonder, admiration, delight ◇ WJ/362
excluded ◈ said* [sˈɑjd] adj. private, separate, not common, excluded ◇ VT/42:20
exile ◈ edledhia-* [ɛdlˈɛði.ɑ] v. to go into exile ◈ edledhio* [ɛdlˈɛði.ɔ] (egledhio (corr. eglehio), egledhi) v. inf. of edledhia-, go into exile ◇ Ety/368, X/TL ◈ edledhron* [ɛdlˈɛðrɔn] (egledhron) n. exile (person who is exiled) ◇ Ety/368, X/TL
exiled ◈ edlenn* [ˈɛdlɛnn] (eglenn) adj. exiled ◇ Ety/368, X/TL
expression ◈ thîr* [θˈiːr] n. look, face, expression, countenance ◇ Ety/392, VT/41:10
eye ◈ hen* II [hˈɛn] (hend*, henn*, hên) pl. hin* [hˈin] (hîn) n. Biol. eye ◇ Ety/364, LotR/II:IX, WR/128, X/ND1 ◈ heneb* [hˈɛnɛb] adj. of eye, eyed, having eyes ← maecheneb "sharp-eyed", WJ/337 ◈ heneb* [hˈɛnɛb] adj. of eye, eyed, having eyes ← maecheneb "sharp-eyed", WJ/337
face ◈ nîf [nˈiːv] n. front, face ◇ Ety/378 ◈ thîr* [θˈiːr] n. look, face, expression, countenance ◇ Ety/392, VT/41:10
fade ◈ thinna- [θˈinnɑ] v. to fade, to grow towards evening ◇ Ety/392 ◈ The punctuation in The Etymologies is considered incorrect (the full dot after this word should conceivably be a comma)
fading ◈ peleth* [pˈɛlɛθ] n. fading, withering ← Narbeleth LotR/D ◈ pelin [pˈɛlin] n. fading, withering ← Lhasbelin Ety/366
faintness ◈ hwîn* [ʍˈiːn] (chwîn) n. giddiness, faintness ◇ Ety/388, X/HW
fair ◈ bain* [bˈɑjn] (bein) adj. beautiful, fair ◇ Ety/351, Ety/359, X/EI ◈ fael* I [fˈɑɛl] adj. fair minded, just, generous ◇ PM/352
faith ◈ bronwe* [brˈɔnwɛ] n. endurance, lasting quality, faith ◇ Ety/353, SD/62
faithful ◈ sador* [sˈɑdr̩] n. faithful one ← Sador (name) ◈ Sador was Túrin's faithful servant. The meaning of this noun is deduced from sadron, assuming that these words are in the same kind of relation as hador and hadron ◈ sadron* [sˈɑdrɔn] pl. sedryn* [sˈɛdryn] n. faithful one ◇ UT/431 ◈ See also sador
fall ◈ danna-* [dˈɑnnɑ] pa. t. dant* [dˈɑnt] v. to fall ◇ Ety/354, X/Z ◈ Written dant- in the Etymologies ◈ dant* I [dˈɑnt] n. fall ◇ MR/373 ◈ lant* II [lˈɑnt] n. fall ← Lanthir S/406, PM/349
fallen ◈ dannen [dˈɑnnɛn] pp. of danna-, fallen ◇ Ety/354
falling ◈ talt [tˈɑlt] adj. slipping, falling, insecure ◇ Ety/390
fallow ◈ maidh [mˈɑjð] (meidh) adj. pale, fallow, fawn ◇ Ety/371, X/EI ◈ malu* [mˈɑlu] (malw) adj. fallow, pale ◇ Ety/386, X/W
family ◈ noss* [nˈɔss] (nos) n. kindred, family, clan ◇ Ety/378, PM/320 ◈ nost* [nˈɔst] n. kindred, family, house ◇ PM/360 ◈ See also noss ◈ nothrim* [nˈɔθrim] n. class pl. kindred, family, house ← Nothrim [> Nost] Finarfin PM/360 ◈ The word was rejected in favor of nost, but it may be interpreted as a valid class plural "those of the house"
fane ◈ iaun [jˈɑun] n. holy place, fane, sanctuary ◇ Ety/400
fang ◈ carch* [kˈɑrx] n. tooth, fang ◇ Ety/362, S/429
fantastic ◈ hwiniol* [ʍˈini.ɔl] (chwiniol) part. of hwinia-, whirling, giddy, fantastic ◇ Ety/388
far ◈ hae* [hˈɑɛ] adj. far, remote, distant ← Gwahaedir PM/186, VT/45:21 ◈ haeron* [hˈɑɛrɔn] adj. far, remote, distant ◇ PM/273 ◈ palan-* [pˈɑlɑn] adv. afar, abroad, far and wide ◇ LotR/II:I, LotR/IV:X, RGEO/72-74
fashion ◈ echad- [ˈɛxɑd] pa. t. echant* [ˈɛxɑnt] v. to fashion, make ◈ echedi [ˈɛxɛdi] v. inf. of echad-, to fashion, make ◇ Ety/363, LotR/II:IV
fast ◈ avorn* [ˈɑvɔrn] adj. staying, fast ← Baravorn Hamfast, SD/129-31
fasten ◈ taetha- [tˈɑɛθɑ] v. to fasten, tie ◈ taetho [tˈɑɛθɔ] v. inf. of taetha-, to fasten, tie ◇ Ety/389
fat ◈ tûg [tˈuːg] adj. thick, fat ◇ Ety/394
fate ◈ amarth* [ˈɑmɑrθ] (ammarth) n. fate, doom ◇ Ety/372, S/427, LotR/A(i), TC/183 ◈ manadh [mˈɑnɑð] n. 1. doom, final end, fate, fortune ○ 2. by ext. final bliss ◇ Ety/371
father ◈ ada [ˈɑdɑ] n. hypo. of adar, father, daddy ◇ Ety/349 ◈ adar* [ˈɑdɑr] pl. edair* [ˈɛdɑjr] (eder, edeir) n. father ◇ Ety/349, PM/324, MR/373, LotR/II:II, VT/44:21-22, X/EI
fathom ◈ raew* [rˈɑɛw] (rhaew) n. fathom ◇ Ety/382, X/RH
fawn ◈ maidh [mˈɑjð] (meidh) adj. pale, fallow, fawn ◇ Ety/371, X/EI
fear ◈ achas* [ˈɑxɑs] n. dread, fear ← Daerachas WJ/187 ◈ This might also be *gachas, mutated in composition ◈ del [ˈdɛl̡] n. fear, disgust, loathing, horror ◇ Ety/355 ◈ goe* [gˈɔɛ] n. terror, great fear ◇ PM/363 ◈ gosta- [gˈɔstɑ] v. to fear exceedingly ◇ Ety/359 ◈ niphred* [nˈifrɛd] (nifred) n. pallor, fear ◇ Ety/378, S/435, X/PH
feast ◈ mereth* [mˈɛrɛθ] n. feast, festival ◇ Ety/372, S/434 ◈ The word was changed to bereth in the Etymologies, but was never changed in the texts (cf. Mereth Aderthad and the compound Merethrond)
feat ◈ cardh II [kˈɑrð] n. deed, feat ◇ Ety/362 ◈ Dialectal carth
february ◈ nínui* [nˈiːnuj] n. and adj. 1. watery ○ 2. Cal. as a noun, the month of february ◇ LotR/D
fell ◈ delu* [dˈɛlu] (delw) adj. hateful, deadly, fell ◇ Ety/355, X/W
fellowship ◈ govannas† n. fellowship ◇ [PJ-Movie] ◈ Dialogs: Lórien Dialog II, FotR DVD extended version (source: Gwaith i Phethdain)
female ◈ inu* [ˈinu] (inw) adj. female ◇ Ety/361, X/W
fence ◈ cail* [kˈɑjl] n. fence or palisade of spikes and sharp stakes ◇ UT/282 ◈ ephel* [ˈɛffɛl̡] n. outer fence, encircling fence ◇ S/436, LotR/E ◈ iâth* [jˈɑːθ] n. fence ◇ S/433, WJ/369 ◈ thora- [θˈɔrɑ] v. to fence ◈ thoro- [θˈɔrɔ] v. inf. of thora-, to fence ◇ Ety/393
fenced ◈ thoren [θˈɔrɛn] pp. of thora-, fenced ◇ Ety/393
fenland ◈ lô* [lˈɔː] n. shallow lake, fenland ◇ UT/263
festival ◈ mereth* [mˈɛrɛθ] n. feast, festival ◇ Ety/372, S/434 ◈ The word was changed to bereth in the Etymologies, but was never changed in the texts (cf. Mereth Aderthad and the compound Merethrond)
festive ◈ meren [mˈɛrɛn] adj. festive, gay, joyous ◇ Ety/372 ◈ The word was changed to beren in the Etymologies, but meren would be restored together with mereth
fetch ◈ toltha- [tˈɔlθɑ] v. to fetch, to summon, make come ◈ toltho [tˈɔlθɔ] v. inf. of toltha-, to fetch, to summon, make come ◇ Ety/395
field ◈ parth* [pˈɑrθ] n. field, enclosed grassland ◇ UT/260, PM/330 ◈ pel [pˈɛl̡] pl. peli [pˈɛli] n. fenced field (Old English tún) ◇ Ety/380 ◈ sant* [sˈɑnt] n. garden, field, yard, or other place in private ownership whether enclosed or not ◇ VT/42:20 ◈ talf* II [tˈɑlv] n. flat field, flat land ← Nindalf TC/195, LotR/Map
fierce ◈ brêg (corr. brerg) [brˈɛːg] adj. wild, fierce ◇ Ety/373 ◈ bregol [brˈɛgɔl] adj. violent, sudden, fierce ◇ Ety/352, Ety/373
fierceness ◈ bregolas [brˈɛgɔlɑs] n. fierceness ◇ Ety/352
fiery ◈ bara [bˈɑrɑ] adj. 1. fiery ○ 2. eager ◇ Ety/351 ◈ nórui* [nˈɔːruj] n. and adj. 1. sunny, fiery ○ 2. Cal. as a noun, the month of june ◇ LotR/D
fifth ◈ lefnui* [lˈɛvnuj] (lhefneg) adj. num. fifth ◇ WR/436, VT/42:25, TI/312
fight ◈ maeth [mˈɑɛθ] n. battle, fight (not of general host but of two or a few) ◇ Ety/371 ◈ maetha- [mˈɑɛθɑ] v. to fight ◇ Ety/371
filament ◈ lhê* [ɬˈɛː] (thlê) n. fine thread, spider filament ◇ Ety/386, X/LH
fill ◈ panna- II [pˈɑnnɑ] (pannod) v. to fill ◇ Ety/366, X/Z ◈ pathra- [pˈɑθrɑ] v. to fill ◈ pathro [pˈɑθrɔ] v. inf. of pathra-, to fill ◇ Ety/366
final ◈ methen [mˈɛθɛn] adj. end, final ◇ Ety/373, VT/45:34
fine ◈ brand [brˈɑnd] (brann) adj. 1. lofty, noble, fine ○ 2. high (in size) ◇ Ety/351, TAI/150, X/ND1 ◈ lhind* II [ɬˈind] (thlind, thlinn) adj. fine, slender ◇ Ety/386, X/LH, X/ND1 ◈ trîw [trˈiːw] adj. fine, slender ◇ Ety/392
finger ◈ lebed* [lˈɛbɛd] (lhebed) n. finger ◇ Ety/368, X/LH
fire ◈ naur* [nˈɑur] n. 1. flame ○ 2. fire ◇ Ety/374, S/435, LotR/II:IV ◈ ûr I [ˈuːr] n. fire, heat ◇ Ety/396
firm ◈ tanc [tˈɑŋk] adj. firm ◇ Ety/389 ◈ tangada- [tˈɑŋgɑdɑ] v. to make firm, confirm, establish ◈ tangado [tˈɑŋgɑdɔ] v. inf. of tangada-, to make firm, confirm, establish ◇ Ety/389 ◈ thala [θˈɑlɑ] adj. stalwart, steady, firm ◇ Ety/388 ◈ thenid [θˈɛnid] adj. firm, true, abiding ◇ Ety/388 ◈ thenin [θˈɛnin] adj. firm, true, abiding ◇ Ety/388
firmament ◈ menel* [mˈɛnɛl̡] n. sky, high heaven, firmament, the region of the stars ◇ LotR/II:I, LotR/IV:X, LB/354, RGEO/72, VT/44:21,23-24
first ◈ erui* [ˈɛruj] adj. 1. single, alone ○ 2. by ext. first (incorrect use by the Gondorians) ◇ TI/312, WR/436, VT/42:10 ◈ The proper word for first in Sindarin was minui ◈ main* [m'ɑjn] (mein) adj. num. first, (only in the sense of) prime, chief, pre-eminent ◇ VT/42:25 ◈ minui* [mˈinuj] adj. num. first ◇ VT/42:25
fish ◈ lim* III [lˈim] (lhim, lhimb) n. Zool. fish ◇ Ety/369, X/LH
fist ◈ drambor [drˈɑm.bɔr] n. 1. clenched fist ○ 2. by ext. blow with fist ◇ Ety/354 ◈ paur* [pˈɑur] n. fist (often used to mean "hand"; its chief use was in reference of the tighly closed hand, as in using an implement or a craft-tool, rather than to the fist used in punching) ◇ Ety/366, S/429, PM/179, PM/318
fit ◈ maer [mˈɑɛr] adj. useful, fit, good (of things) ◇ Ety/371
five ◈ leben* [lˈɛbɛn] (lheben) adj. num. five ◇ Ety/368, TAI/150, VT/42:24-25, X/LH
fix ◈ penia- [pˈɛni.ɑ] v. to fix, to set ◈ penio [pˈɛni.ɔ] v. inf. of penia-, to fix, to set ◇ Ety/380
flame ◈ lach* [lˈɑx] (lhach) n. leaping flame ◇ S/433, X/LH ◈ lacha-* [lˈɑxɑ] v. to flame ◈ lacho* [lˈɑxɔ] v. imp. of lacha-, flame! ◇ UT/65 ◈ naur* [nˈɑur] n. 1. flame ○ 2. fire ◇ Ety/374, S/435, LotR/II:IV
flap ◈ blab- [blˈɑb] v. to beat, batter, flap (wings, etc.) ◈ blebi [blˈɛbi] v. inf. of blab-, to beat, batter, flap (wings, etc.) ◇ Ety/380
flat ◈ talu* [tˈɑlu] (dalw) adj. flat ◇ Ety/353, X/W
flee ◈ drega-* [drˈɛgɑ] v. to flee ◈ Only the imperative drego is attested. Therefore, the verb may also be dreg- (inf. dregi) ◈ drego* [drˈɛgɔ] v. imp. of drega-, flee! ◇ UT/65
flesh ◈ rhaw* III [ɹ̥ˈɑw] n. flesh, body ◇ MR/350
float ◈ loda-* [lˈɔdɑ] (lhoda-) v. to float ◇ Ety/370, X/LH
floor ◈ pân I [pˈɑːn] pl. pain* [pˈɑjn] (pein) n. plank, fixed board, especially in floor ◇ Ety/380, X/EI ◈ panas [pˈɑnɑs] n. floor ◇ Ety/380 ◈ talaf [tˈɑlɑv] pl. telaif* [tˈɛlɑjv] (teleif) n. ground, floor ◇ Ety/390, X/EI
flow ◈ rib-* [rˈib] (rhib-) v. to flow like a (torrent ?) ◇ Ety/384, X/RH ◈ The reading of the gloss is uncertain ◈ siria- [sˈiri.ɑ] v. to flow ◈ sirio [sˈiri.ɔ] v. inf. of siria-, to flow ◇ Ety/385
flower ◈ alfirin* [ˈɑlfirin] n. and adj. 1. immortal ○ 2. Bot. as a noun, name of a flower, bell-like and running through many soft and gentle colours ○ 3. Bot. as a noun, also used for another small white flower ◇ LotR/V:IX, Letters/402, UT/55, UT/303, UT/316, UT/417 ◈ edlothia-* [ɛdlˈɔθi.ɑ] v. to blossom, flower ← edlothiand WR/293, X/TL ◈ The sentence from WR/293 is hardly legible and is not translated, but this word is however a plausible form ◈ eirien* [ˈɛjri.ɛn] n. Bot. daisy (flower) ◇ SD/129-31 ◈ elanor* [ˈɛlɑnɔr] n. Bot. a flower, a kind of enlarged pimpernel bearing golden and silver flowers ◇ LotR/VI:IX, UT/432, Letters/402 ◈ elloth* [ˈɛl̡lɔθ] n. Bot. (single) flower ◇ VT/42:18 ◈ goloth* [gˈɔlɔθ] n. Bot. inflorescence, a head of small flowers ◇ VT/42:18 ◈ gwaloth [gwˈɑlɔθ] n. Bot. blossom, collection of flowers ◇ Ety/370 ◈ loth* [lˈɔθ] (lhoth) n. Bot. flower, inflorescence, a head of small flowers ◇ Ety/370, LB/354, VT/42:18, X/LH ◈ The noun is collective, a single flower being lotheg ◈ lotheg* [lˈɔθɛg] n. sing. of loth, Bot. (single) flower ◇ VT/42:18 ◈ mallos* [mˈɑllɔs] n. Bot. a golden flower ◇ UT/451, Letters/248 ◈ meril* [mˈɛril̡] n. Bot. rose (flower) ◇ SD/129-31 ◈ ninglor* [nˈiŋglɔr] n. Bot. golden water-flower, gladden ◇ UT/280-81, UT/450 ◈ nínim [nˈiːnim] n. Bot. snowdrop (flower) ◇ Ety/367 ◈ niphredil* [nˈifrɛdil̡] (nifredil) n. Bot. a pale winter flower, snowdrop ◇ Ety/376, Ety/378, LotR/II:VI, Letters/402, X/PH ◈ seregon* [sˈɛrɛgɔn] n. Bot. "Blood of Stone", a plant of the kind called in English "stonecrop", with deep red flowers, that grew on Amon Rûdh ◇ S/437 ◈ uilos* [ˈujlɔs] n. and adj. 1. always white, ever white as snow ○ 2. Bot. as a noun, a small white everlasting flower also called simbelmynë, evermind, alfirin ◇ RGEO/74, Letters/278, UT/55 ◈ See also alfirin
flowering ◈ edlothiad* [ɛdlˈɔθi.ɑd] ger. of edlothia-, blossoming, flowering ← edlothiand WR/293 ◈ Actually, edlothiand might be a misreading, according to David Salo who checked the original manuscript at Marquette and reported that his reading was unmistakably edlothiad
flowing ◈ cell* [kˈɛl̡l] adj. 1. running ○ 2. by ext. flowing (of water) ← Celduin LotR/Map
fly ◈ revia-* [rˈɛvi.ɑ] v. 1. to fly, sail ○ 2. to wander ◈ revio* [rˈɛvi.ɔ] (rhevio (corr. rhenio)) v. inf. of revia-, 1. to fly, sail ○ 2. to wander ◇ Ety/382, X/RH
foam ◈ falf [fˈɑlv] n. foam, breaker ◇ Ety/381 ◈ faltha- [fˈɑlθɑ] v. to foam ◈ faltho [fˈɑlθɔ] v. inf. of faltha-, to foam ◇ Ety/381
foaming ◈ espalass [ˈɛspɑlɑss] n. foaming, (?)fall (reading of gloss uncertain) ◇ Ety/381
foe ◈ gûd† n. foe ◇ [PJ-Movie] ◈ Inscription on Aragorn's Hunting Knife and Glamdring, Official Movie Magazine #2 (source: Gwaith i Phethdain)
fog ◈ hîth* [hˈiːθ] (hith) n. mist, fog ◇ Ety/364, S/432 ◈ hithu* [hˈiθu] (hithw) n. fog ◇ Ety/364, X/W ◈ mith I [mˈiθ] n. white fog, wet mist ◇ Ety/373
foggy ◈ hethu* [hˈɛθu] (hethw) adj. foggy, obscure, vague ◇ Ety/364, X/W
follow ◈ aphad-* [ˈɑffɑd] v. to follow ◇ WJ/387 ◈ In WJ/387, the verbal stem is given as aphad-, and the etymology as *ap-pata. If we follow the latter, the verb should perhaps read aphada-
follower ◈ aphadon* [ˈɑffɑdɔn] pl. ephedyn* [ˈɛffɛdyn] n. 1. follower ○ 2. by ext. man (elvish name for men) ◇ WJ/387 ◈ aphadrim* [ɑffˈɑdrim] n. class pl. of aphadon, followers, men (elvish name for men) ◇ WJ/387 ◈ bŷr* I [bˈyːr] (bior, beor) n. follower, vassal ◇ Ety/352, X/IU ◈ echil* [ˈɛxil̡] n. 1. follower ○ 2. by ext. human being ◇ WJ/219
food ◈ aes [ˈɑɛs] n. cooked food, meat ◇ Ety/349
foot ◈ pôd [pˈɔːd] pl. pŷd [pˈyːd] n. animal's foot ◇ Ety/382 ◈ tâl [tˈɑːl] pl. tail* [tˈɑjl] (teil) n. foot ← tad-dail WJ/388, Ety/390, S/429, S/437, X/EI ◈ tellen [tˈɛl̡lɛn] (tellein, tellœin) n. sole of foot ◇ Ety/384, Ety/390
footprint ◈ rein* I [rˈɛjn] (rhein, rhœin) n. slot, spoor, track, footprint ◇ Ety/384, X/RH
footstool ◈ tharas [θˈɑrɑs] n. hassock, footstool ◇ Ety/388
for ◈ an* [ɑn] prep. to, towards, for ◇ LotR/II:IV, UT/39, SD/129-31 ◈ With suffixed article and elision in aglar'ni Pheriannath
ford ◈ athrad* [ˈɑθrɑd] pl. ethraid* [ˈɛθrɑjd] n. (river-)crossing, ford, way ◇ Ety/349, Ety/383, UT/437 ◈ iach* [jˈɑx] n ford, crossing ← Arossiach S/382, Brithiach S/286, Cirith Ninniach S/387
forest ◈ taur* II [tˈɑur] n. great wood, forest ◇ Ety/391, S/420, S/438 ◈ tawar* [tˈɑwɑr] n. 1. wood (as a material) ○ 2. by ext. great wood, forest ← Tawar-in-Drúedain UT/467, Ety/391
forester ◈ tauron* [tˈɑurɔn] n. forester ◇ S/421, PM/258
forgive ◈ díhena-* [dˈiːhɛnɑ] v. to forgive (with matter forgiven as object?) ◇ VT/44:29 ◈ See also gohena- ◈ díheno* [dˈiːhɛnɔ] v. imp. of díhena-, forgive! ◇ VT/44:21,28 ◈ gohena-* [gˈɔhɛnɑ] v. to forgive (with person forgiven as object?) ◇ VT/44:29 ◈ See also díhena-
forked ◈ thanc* [θˈɑŋk] adj. cleft, split, forked ← Orthanc S/415, Ety/388
formation ◈ dírnaith* [dˈiːrnɑjθ] n. Mil. a military wedge-formation launched over a short distance against an enemy massing but not yet arrayed, or against a defensive formation on open ground ◇ UT/282
formed ◈ cadu* [kˈɑdu] (cadw) adj. shaped, formed ◇ Ety/362-363, X/W
former ◈ iaur* [jˈɑur] adj. 1. ancient, old, original ○ 2. older, former ◇ Ety/358, Ety/399, S/433, UT/384
forsake ◈ awartha- [ɑwˈɑrθɑ] v. to forsake, abandon ◇ Ety/397
forsaken ◈ eglan* [ˈɛglɑn] pl. eglain* [ˈɛglɑjn] n. and adj. 1. forsaken ○ 2. as a noun, an elf of the Falathrim ◇ WJ/365, WJ/379-380 ◈ egol* [ˈɛgl̩] n. someone forsaken, an elf of the Falathrim ← Eglath WJ/189, WJ/344
fort ◈ garth [gˈɑrθ] n. fort, fortress ◇ Ety/360 ◈ minas* [mˈinɑs] (minnas) n. 1. tower ○ 2. by ext. fort, city with a citadel and central watch-tower ◇ Ety/373, S/434, VT/42:24
forth ◈ ed- [ɛd] pref. forth, out ◇ Ety/356
fortress ◈ barad* II [bˈɑrɑd] pl. beraid* [bˈɛrɑjd] n. tower, fortress ◇ Ety/351, S/428, LotR/B ◈ garth [gˈɑrθ] n. fort, fortress ◇ Ety/360 ◈ ost* [ˈɔst] n. 1. city, town with wall round ○ 2. fortress or stronghold, made or strenghtened by art ◇ Ety/379, S/435, WJ/414 ◈ othronn* [ˈɔθrɔnn] (othrond*) n. fortress or city in underground caves, underground stronghold ◇ Ety/379, Ety/384, WJ/414, X/ND4
fortune ◈ galu* [gˈɑlu] (galw) n. (?) blessings, (?) blessedness, (?) good fortune(?) (meaning not entirely clear) ◇ Ety/357, X/W ◈ manadh [mˈɑnɑð] n. 1. doom, final end, fate, fortune ○ 2. by ext. final bliss ◇ Ety/371
four ◈ canad* [kˈɑnɑd] adj. num. four ◇ Ety/362, VT/42:24,25
fourth ◈ canthui* [kˈɑnθuj] adj. num. fourth ◇ VT/42:25,27
fox ◈ rusc* [rˈusk] n. Zool. fox ◇ VT/41:10
free ◈ lain* I [lˈɑjn] (lhein, lhain) adj. free, freed ◇ Ety/368, X/LH
freed ◈ lain* I [lˈɑjn] (lhein, lhain) adj. free, freed ◇ Ety/368, X/LH
freeing ◈ leithian* [lˈɛjθi.ɑn] (lheithian) n. release, freeing, release from bondage ◇ Ety/368, S/406, X/LH
frequent ◈ rem* II [rˈɛm] (rhem, rhemb) adj. frequent, numerous ◇ Ety/383, X/RH
fresh ◈ laeb* [lˈɑɛb] (lhoeb) adj. fresh ◇ Ety/368, X/OE, X/LH ◈ laeg* II [lˈɑɛg] adj. 'viridis' fresh and green ◇ Letters/282, Letters/382 ◈ Seldom used (replaced by calen)
friend ◈ elvellon* [ɛl̡vˈɛl̡lɔn] pl. elvellyn* [ɛl̡vˈɛl̡lyn] n. elf-friend ◇ WJ/412 ◈ meldir [mˈɛl̡dir] n. m. friend ◇ Ety/372 ◈ meldis [mˈɛl̡dis] n. f. friend ◇ Ety/372 ◈ mellon* [mˈɛl̡lɔn] pl. mellyn* [mˈɛl̡lyn] n. friend ◇ Ety/372, LotR/II:IV, SD/129-31, Letters/424
friendly ◈ milui [mˈiluj] adj. friendly, loving, kind ◇ Ety/372
friendship ◈ gwend II [gwˈɛnd] n. bond, friendship ◇ Ety/397-398, X/ND1
frog ◈ cabor [kˈɑbr̩] (cabr) n. Zool. frog ◇ Ety/362
from ◈ o* I [ɔ] (od*) prep. from, of; preposition (as a proclitic) used in either direction, from or to the point of view of the speaker ◇ Ety/360, WJ/366, WJ/369-70, LotR/II:IV, SD/129-31, RGEO/72 ◈ According to WJ/366, the preposition "is normally o in all positions, though od appears occasionally before vowels, especially before o-". With a suffixed article, see also uin
front ◈ nîf [nˈiːv] n. front, face ◇ Ety/378
full ◈ pant* [pˈɑnt] adj. full ◇ Ety/366, SD/129-31
fullness ◈ pathred [pˈɑθrɛd] n. fullness ◇ Ety/366
fungus ◈ hwand [ʍˈɑnd] (chwand, chwann) n. sponge, fungus ◇ Ety/388, X/ND1, X/HW
fur ◈ heleth [hˈɛlɛθ] n. fur, fur-coat ◇ Ety/386 ◈ helf [hˈɛl̡v] n. fur ◇ Ety/386
gap ◈ dîn II [dˈiːn] n. opening, gap, pass in mountains ◇ Ety/354 ◈ gas [gˈɑs] n. hole, gap ◇ Ety/357
garden ◈ sant* [sˈɑnt] n. garden, field, yard, or other place in private ownership whether enclosed or not ◇ VT/42:20
garland ◈ rî* [rˈiː] (rhî) n. crown, wreath, garland ◇ Ety/383, PM/347, X/RH
garment ◈ hamp [hˈɑmp] n. garment ◇ Ety/363
gate ◈ annon* [ˈɑnnɔn] pl. ennyn* [ˈɛnnyn] n. great door or gate ◇ Ety/348, S/428, LotR/II:IV, TAI/150
gateway ◈ fennas* [fˈɛnnɑs] n. doorway, gateway ◇ LotR/II:IV, RS/463, RGEO/75
gay ◈ gelir* [gˈɛlir] n. merry, happy, gay person ◇ SD/129-31 ◈ meren [mˈɛrɛn] adj. festive, gay, joyous ◇ Ety/372 ◈ The word was changed to beren in the Etymologies, but meren would be restored together with mereth
gaze ◈ tir- [tˈir] v. to watch, to gaze, look at ◈ tiri [tˈiri] v. inf. of tir-, to watch, to gaze, look at ◇ Ety/394 ◈ tiria- [tˈiri.ɑ] pa. t. tiriant [tˈiri.ɑnt] v. to watch, to gaze, look at ◇ Ety/394 ◈ tirio [tˈiri.ɔ] v. inf. of tiria-, to watch, to gaze, look at ◇ Ety/394
gazed ◈ tíriel* [tˈiːri.ɛl̡] perf. of tiria-, having gazed ◇ LotR/II:I, LotR/IV:X, RGEO/72-74
gazing ◈ tiriel* [tˈiri.ɛl̡] part. of tiria-, gazing ◇ LotR/II:I, LotR/IV:X, RGEO/72-74
generous ◈ fael* I [fˈɑɛl] adj. fair minded, just, generous ◇ PM/352
germ ◈ eredh [ˈɛrɛð] n. seed, germ ◇ Ety/356
giddiness ◈ hwîn* [ʍˈiːn] (chwîn) n. giddiness, faintness ◇ Ety/388, X/HW
giddy ◈ hwiniol* [ʍˈini.ɔl] (chwiniol) part. of hwinia-, whirling, giddy, fantastic ◇ Ety/388
gift ◈ ant [ˈɑnt] n. gift ◇ Ety/348
girdle ◈ lest* [lˈɛst] n. girdle ◇ WJ/333, WJ/225, WJ/228
girl ◈ iell [jˈɛl̡l] n. f. 1. daughter ○ 2. girl, maid ◇ Ety/385, Ety/400 ◈ Stated to be an alteration of sell, remodelled after ion "son" (OS *jondo). It was "a change assisted by the loss of s in compounds and patronymics", hence the ending -iel in several feminine words ◈ sell [sˈɛl̡l] n. f. 1. daughter ○ 2. girl, maid (child) ◇ Ety/385
give ◈ anna- [ˈɑnnɑ] v. to give ◈ anno I [ˈɑnnɔ] v. inf. of anna-, to give ◇ Ety/348 ◈ anno* II [ˈɑnnɔ] v. imp. of anna-, give! ◇ VT/44:21,27
giver ◈ oneth* [ˈɔnɛθ] n. f. giver ← besoneth PM/404-05
gladden ◈ ninglor* [nˈiŋglɔr] n. Bot. golden water-flower, gladden ◇ UT/280-81, UT/450
glance ◈ glinna-* [glˈinnɑ] (glintha-*) n. to glance at ◇ WJ/337, X/Z ◈ The form glintha- is theorically impossible in Sindarin, and can only be regarded as an (earlier) Old Sindarin form: according to our current understanding of the Sindarin phonology, it should evolve into glinna-
glass ◈ cenedril [kɛnˈɛdril̡] n. looking-glass, mirror ◇ TI/184, RS/466 ◈ heledh* [hˈɛlɛd] n. glass ◇ S/433
gleam ◈ glîn* [glˈiːn] (glînn*) n. gleam, glint (usually of fine slender but bright shafts of light; particularly applied to light of eyes) ◇ WJ/337, S/431
glimmering ◈ gael [gˈɑɛl] adj. pale, glimmering ◇ Ety/358
glint ◈ glîn* [glˈiːn] (glînn*) n. gleam, glint (usually of fine slender but bright shafts of light; particularly applied to light of eyes) ◇ WJ/337, S/431 ◈ tinna- [tˈinnɑ] v. to glint ◈ tinno [tˈinnɔ] v. inf. of tinna-, to glint ◇ Ety/393
glister ◈ thilia- [θˈili.ɑ] v. to glister ◈ thilio [θˈili.ɔ] v. inf. of thilia-, to glister ◇ Ety/392 ◈ The Etymologies erroneously class this word as Quenya
glittering ◈ galad* [gˈɑlɑd] n. light, radiance, glittering, reflection (from jewels, glass or polished metal, or water) ◇ VT/45:13, PM/347, Letters/425 ◈ silivren* [silˈivrɛn] adj. (white) glittering ◇ LotR/II:I, RGEO/72
globe ◈ coron* [kˈɔrɔn] n. 1. globe, ball ○ 2. by ext. mound ◇ Ety/365, S/429
globed ◈ corn [kˈɔrn] adj. round, globed ◇ Ety/365
gloom ◈ daw [dˈɑw] n. night-time, gloom ◇ Ety/354 ◈ fuin* [fˈujn] n. night, dead of night, gloom, darkness ◇ Ety/354, Ety/382, S/431 ◈ maur [mˈɑur] n. gloom ◇ Ety/373
gloomy ◈ dem [dˈɛm] adj. sad, gloomy ◇ Ety/354 ◈ No language indication in the Etymologies, but Noldorin from context and phonological evidence ◈ dofn [dˈɔvn] adj. gloomy ◇ Ety/355
glorify ◈ egleria-* [ɛglˈɛri.ɑ] v. to glorify, to praise ◈ eglerio* [ɛglˈɛri.ɔ] v. imp. of egleria-, glorify! praise! ◇ LotR/VI:IV, Letters/308
glorious ◈ aglareb* [ˈɑglɑrɛb] adj. glorious ◇ Ety/348, S/427, WJ/412
glory ◈ aglar* [ˈɑglɑr] n. glory, brilliance ◇ Ety/348, S/427, LotR/II:I, LotR/VI:IV, RGEO/73 ◈ claur [klˈɑur] n. Poet. splendour, glory ◇ Ety/362
goblet ◈ sûl II [sˈuːl] n. goblet ◇ Ety/388
goblin ◈ orch* [ˈɔrx] pl. yrch* [ˈyrx] (eirch, erch) n. goblin, Orc ◇ Ety/379, LR/406, WJ/390, LotR/II:VI, LotR/F, Letters/178
gold ◈ côl [kˈɔːl] n. gold (metal) ◇ Ety/365 ◈ mall* [mˈɑlt] (malt) n. gold (as metal) ◇ Ety/386, X/LD ◈ mallen [mˈɑllɛn] adj. of gold ◇ Ety/386 ◈ malthen [mˈɑlθɛn] adj. of gold, golden ◇ Ety/386
golden ◈ malthen [mˈɑlθɛn] adj. of gold, golden ◇ Ety/386
good ◈ maer [mˈɑɛr] adj. useful, fit, good (of things) ◇ Ety/371
goose ◈ gwaun [gwˈɑun] pl. goen* [gˈɔɛn] (guin) n. Orn. goose ◇ Ety/397, X/Z
gore ◈ naith* [nˈɑjθ] pl. natsai [nˈɑtsɑj] n. any formation or projection tapering to a point: a spearhead, gore, wedge, narrow promontory, triangle ◇ Ety/387, UT/282
gorge ◈ cabed* [kˈɑbɛd] ger. of cab-, 1. leap ○ 2. by ext. deep gorge ◇ S/386, WJ/100 ◈ Emended by Tolkien from earlier cabad. This is our sole late example that basic verbs should perhaps form their gerund in -ed, whereas derived verbs are well attested to use -ad (cf. aderthad) ◈ cîl [kˈiːl] n. cleft, pass between hills, gorge ◇ Ety/365
grass ◈ thâr [θˈɑːr] n. stiff grass ◇ Ety/388
grassland ◈ nan* [nˈɑn] (nand*, nann) n. 1. wide grassland, land at foot of hills with many streams ○ 2. by ext. valley ◇ Ety/374, S/435, Letters/308, VT/45:36, X/ND1 ◈ parth* [pˈɑrθ] n. field, enclosed grassland ◇ UT/260, PM/330
grave ◈ haudh* [hˈɑuð] n. (burial) mound, grave, tomb ◇ Ety/363-364, S/432, LotR/A(iv) ◈ sarch* [sˈɑrx] n. grave ◇ UT/463
gravel ◈ brith [brˈiθ] n. gravel ◇ Ety/353
great ◈ beleg* [bˈɛlɛg] adj. great, mighty ◇ Ety/352, S/428 ◈ daer* I [dˈɑɛr] adj. great ◇ UT/450, WJ/187, WJ/335, VT/42:11
greedy ◈ melch [mˈɛl̡x] adj. greedy ◇ Ety/373
green ◈ calen* [kˈɑlɛn] pl. celin* [kˈɛlin] adj. green ◇ Ety/362, S/429, Letters/282 ◈ laeg* II [lˈɑɛg] adj. 'viridis' fresh and green ◇ Letters/282, Letters/382 ◈ Seldom used (replaced by calen)
greet ◈ suila-* [sˈujlɑ] v. to greet ← suilad SD/129-31 ◈ suilanna-* [sujlˈɑnnɑ] v. to greet, to give greetings ← suilannad SD/129-31
greeting ◈ suil* [sˈujl] n. greeting ← Arassuil LotR/A(ii) ◈ Deduced from Arassuil, conceivably aran+suil. For the meaning, see suilad ◈ suilad* [sˈujlɑd] ger. of suila-, greeting ◇ SD/129-31 ◈ suilannad* [sujlˈɑnnɑd] ger. of suilanna-, greeting, giving of greetings ◇ SD/129-31
grey ◈ mith* II [mˈiθ] adj. (pale) grey ◇ Ety/373, S/434, TC/187 ◈ mithren* [mˈiθrɛn] pl. mithrin* [mˈiθrin] adj. grey ◇ UT/436 ◈ thind* [θˈind] (thinn) adj. grey, pale ◇ Ety/392, S/438
gross ◈ host [hˈɔst] n. gross (144) ◇ Ety/364
ground ◈ talaf [tˈɑlɑv] pl. telaif* [tˈɛlɑjv] (teleif) n. ground, floor ◇ Ety/390, X/EI
grow ◈ gala- [gˈɑlɑ] v. to grow ◈ galo [gˈɑlɔ] v. inf. of gala-, to grow ◇ Ety/357
growth ◈ galas [gˈɑlɑs] n. growth, plant ◇ Ety/357
guard ◈ tirith* [tˈiriθ] n. watch, guard (abstract noun), vigilance ◇ Ety/394, S/437, Letters/158, VT/42:11
guarded ◈ tirnen* [tˈirnɛn] pp. of tir-, guarded ← Talath Dirnen UT/465, Ety/394, S/437
guess ◈ inc [ˈiŋk] n. guess, idea, notion ◇ Ety/361
gulf ◈ iâ* [jˈɑː] (ia) n. 1. gulf ○ 2. abyss, void ◇ Ety/400, S/432, Letters/383 ◈ iau II [jˈɑu] n. ravine, cleft, gulf ◇ Ety/400
gull ◈ gwael* [gwˈɑɛl] n. Orn. gull ◇ WJ/418 ◈ maew [mˈɑɛw] n. Orn. gull ◇ Ety/373 ◈ mŷl* [mˈyːl] n. Orn. gull ◇ WJ/379-380, WJ/418
habit ◈ haew [hˈɑɛw] n. custom, habit ◇ Ety/364 ◈ Written hæw (with ae-ligature) in the Etymologies
hack ◈ hasta- [hˈɑstɑ] v. to hack through ◈ hasto [hˈɑstɔ] v. inf. of hasta-, to hack through ◇ Ety/389
hair ◈ fast [fˈɑst] n. shaggy hair ◇ Ety/381 ◈ finnel [fˈinnɛl̡] (findel) n. (braided) hair ◇ Ety/387, X/ND2 ◈ laws* [lˈɑws] (lhaws) n. hair ringlet ◇ Ety/370, X/LH
half ◈ per- [pɛr] pref. half, divided in middle ◈ perin [pˈɛrin] adj. half, divided in middle ◇ Ety/380
halfling ◈ perian* [pˈɛri.ɑn] pl. periain* [pˈɛri.ɑjn] n. hobbit, halfling ◇ LotR/VI:IV, LotR/E, RGEO/75, Letters/308, X/ND4 ◈ periannath* [pˌɛri.ˈɑnnɑθ] n. coll. of perian, the hobbits, halflings ◇ LotR/VI:IV, LotR/E-F, RGEO/75, Letters/308
hall ◈ tham [θˈɑm] (thamb) n. hall ◇ Ety/387 ◈ thamas [θˈɑmɑs] (thambas) n. great hall ◇ Ety/387
halt ◈ daro* [dˈɑrɔ] v. imp. of dar-, halt! stop! ◇ Ety/353, LotR/II:VI ◈ post [pˈɔst] n. pause, halt, rest, cessation, respite ◇ Ety/382
hammer ◈ dam [dˈɑm] n. hammer ◇ Ety/375 ◈ damma- (corr. damna) [dˈɑmmɑ] pa. t. dammant (corr. dammint) [dˈɑmmant] v. to hammer ◇ Ety/375, VT/45:37 ◈ It was long considered that damna-, dammint might have been a misreading. VT/45:37 confirms this, though the reading is actually uncertain ◈ dring* [drˈiŋ] n. hammer ← Glamdring H, Ety/355
hand ◈ cam* [kˈɑm] (camb, camm) n. hand ◇ Ety/361, Ety/371, S/429 ◈ camlann* [kˈɑmlɑnn] (camland) n. palm of hand ◇ Ety/367, X/ND4 ◈ crum [krˈum] n. left hand ◇ Ety/366 ◈ fair* II [fˈɑjr] (feir, fœir) n. right (hand) ◇ Ety/382 ◈ hair* [hˈɑjr] (heir) n. and adj. left (hand) ◇ Ety/365, X/EI ◈ paur* [pˈɑur] n. fist (often used to mean "hand"; its chief use was in reference of the tighly closed hand, as in using an implement or a craft-tool, rather than to the fist used in punching) ◇ Ety/366, S/429, PM/179, PM/318 ◈ talf* I [tˈɑlv] (dalf) n. palm of hand ◇ Ety/353
handed ◈ crumui [krˈumuj] adj. left-handed ◇ Ety/366 ◈ erchamion* [ɛrxˈɑmi.ɔn] adj. one-handed ◇ WJ/51, WJ/231, ◈ erchammui [ɛrxˈɑmmuj] (erchamui) adj. one-handed ◇ Ety/361, X/Z ◈ forgam [fˈɔrgɑm] adj. right-handed ◇ Ety/382 ◈ hargam [hˈɑrgɑm] n. left-handed ◇ Ety/365
handy ◈ maed* II [mˈɑɛd] (moed) adj. handy, skilled ◇ Ety/371, X/OE
hang ◈ gling [glˈiŋ] n. hang, dangle ◇ Ety/359, Ety/369
happy ◈ gelir* [gˈɛlir] n. merry, happy, gay person ◇ SD/129-31
harass ◈ trasta- [trˈɑstɑ] v. to harass, trouble ◇ Ety/391
harbour ◈ hûb [hˈuːb] n. haven, harbour, small landlocked bay ◇ Ety/364 ◈ lond* [lˈɔnd] (lonn*, lhonn) n. 1. narrow path or strait ○ 2. by ext. entrance to harbour, land-locked haven ◇ Ety/348, Ety/370, S/434, UT/450, VT/42:10, X/LH, X/ND1
harbourage ◈ hobas [hˈɔbɑs] n. harbourage ◇ Ety/364
hard ◈ norn [nˈɔrn] pl. nyrn* [nˈyrn] adj. 1. twisted, knotted, crabbed, contorted ○ 2. hard ◇ Ety/387
harp ◈ ganna- [gˈɑnnɑ] v. to play a harp ◈ gannada- [gˈɑnnɑdɑ] v. to play a harp ◈ gannado [gˈɑnnɑdɔ] v. inf. of gannada-, to play a harp ◇ Ety/377 ◈ gannel [gˈɑnnɛl̡] (gandel) n. harp ◇ Ety/377, X/ND2 ◈ ganno [gˈɑnnɔ] v. inf. of ganna-, to play a harp ◇ Ety/377
harper ◈ talagan* [tˈɑlɑgɑn] (talagand) n. harper ◇ Ety/377, X/ND4
hasp ◈ taew [tˈɑɛw] n. holder, socket, hasp, clasp, staple ◇ Ety/390
hassock ◈ tharas [θˈɑrɑs] n. hassock, footstool ◇ Ety/388
hasty ◈ celeg* [kˈɛlɛg] adj. swift, agile, hasty ◇ Ety/366, PM/353, VT/41:10
hat ◈ carab* [kˈɑrɑb] n. hat ◇ WJ/187
hateful ◈ delu* [dˈɛlu] (delw) adj. hateful, deadly, fell ◇ Ety/355, X/W
have ◈ gar- [gˈɑr] v. to hold, have ◈ garo [gˈɑrɔ] v. inf. of gar-, to hold, have ◇ Ety/360 ◈ gerin [gˈɛrin] v. 1st of gar-, I hold, I have ◇ Ety/360
haven ◈ círbann* [kˈiːrbɑnn] (cirban) n. haven ◇ Ety/380, X/ND4 ◈ hûb [hˈuːb] n. haven, harbour, small landlocked bay ◇ Ety/364 ◈ lond* [lˈɔnd] (lonn*, lhonn) n. 1. narrow path or strait ○ 2. by ext. entrance to harbour, land-locked haven ◇ Ety/348, Ety/370, S/434, UT/450, VT/42:10, X/LH, X/ND1
havens ◈ lonnath* [lˈɔnnɑθ] n. coll. of lond, havens ◇ WR/294, WR/370
hawthorn ◈ toss [tˈɔss] n. Bot. bush, low-growing tree (as maple, hawthorn, blackthorn, holly, etc.) ◇ Ety/379, Ety/395
he ◈ e* [ɛ] pron. he ◇ SD/129-31 ◈ The meaning "he" is deduced from the apparent function of this word in the so-called "King's Letter", but it also seems possible to interpret it as "indeed" (as in Q. e, LR/63, VT/45:11), used here in a way of formal address expressing the wishes of the King ◈ ho [hɔ] (hon, hono) pl. hyn* [hyn] (huin) pron. he ◇ Ety/385, X/Z
head ◈ dôl [dˈɔːl] (dol*) n. 1. head ○ 2. by ext. hill or mountain ◇ Ety/376, S/430
headland ◈ cast* [kˈɑst] n. cape, headland ← Angast VT/42:28
heal ◈ nesta- [nˈɛstɑ] v. to heal ← nestad WR/379-380
healing ◈ nestad [nˈɛstɑd] ger. of nesta-, healing ◇ WR/379-80 ◈ nestadren [nɛstˈɑdrɛn] pl. nestedrin (corr. nestedriu) [nɛstˈɛdrin] adj. healing ◇ WR/380
heap ◈ cum [kˈum] (cumb) n. mound, heap ◇ Ety/365 ◈ ovras [ˈɔvrɑs] n. crowd, heap. ◇ Ety/396
hearer ◈ lathron* [lˈɑθrɔn] (lhathron) n. hearer, listener, eavesdropper ◇ Ety/368, X/LH ◈ lethril* [lˈɛθril] (lhethril) n. f. hearer, listener, eavesdropper ◇ VT/45:26, X/LH
heart ◈ gûr* I [gˈuːr] n. heart (in the moral sense), counsel ◇ VT/41:11,15 ◈ hûn [hˈuːn] n. heart (physical) ◇ Ety/364 ◈ ind [ˈind] (inn) n. inner thought, meaning, heart ◇ Ety/361, X/ND1
heat ◈ brass [brˈɑss] n. white heat ◇ Ety/351 ◈ ûr I [ˈuːr] n. fire, heat ◇ Ety/396
heaven ◈ menel* [mˈɛnɛl̡] n. sky, high heaven, firmament, the region of the stars ◇ LotR/II:I, LotR/IV:X, LB/354, RGEO/72, VT/44:21,23-24
heavy ◈ long* [lˈɔŋ] (lhong) adj. heavy ◇ Ety/370, X/LH
hedge ◈ cai* [kˈɑj] n. hedge ◇ UT/282
height ◈ taen I [tˈɑɛn] n. height, summit of high mountain ◇ Ety/389
heir ◈ hîl* [hˈiːl] n. heir ← Eluchíl PM/369
helm ◈ thôl* [θˈɔːl] n. helm ◇ S/438
hem ◈ glân* II [glˈɑːn] n. hem, border (of textile and other hand-made things) ◇ VT/42:8 ◈ rîw* [rˈiːw] (rhîf) n. edge, hem, border ◇ Ety/383, X/RH
herb ◈ athelas* [ˈɑθɛlɑs] n. Bot. "kingsfoil", a healing herb brought to Middle-earth by the Númenóreans ◇ LotR/V:VIII ◈ salab [sˈɑlɑb] pl. selaib* [sˈɛlɑjb] (seleb) n. Bot. herb ◇ Ety/385, X/EI
here ◈ sí* [sˈiː] adv. here ◇ LotR/II:I, RGEO/72
hero ◈ callon [kˈɑllɔn] n. hero ◇ Ety/362 ◈ thalion* [θˈɑli.ɔn] pl. thelyn [θˈɛlyn] n. hero, dauntless man (especially as surname of Húrin Thalion) ◇ Ety/388, S/438
hew ◈ drava- [drˈɑvɑ] pa. t. drammen [drˈɑmmɛn] v. to hew ◇ Ety/354 ◈ dravo [drˈɑvɔ] v. inf. of drava-, to hew ◇ Ety/354
hewn ◈ drafn [drˈɑvn] adj. hewn ◇ Ety/354
hideous ◈ uanui [ˈu.ɑnuj] adj. monstrous, hideous ◇ Ety/351
high ◈ ara-* [ɑrɑ] (ar-*) pref. high, noble, royal ◇ S/428 ◈ brand [brˈɑnd] (brann) adj. 1. lofty, noble, fine ○ 2. high (in size) ◇ Ety/351, TAI/150, X/ND1 ◈ taur III [tˈɑur] adj. mighty, vast, overwhelming, huge, awful, high, sublime ◇ Ety/395
hill ◈ amon* [ˈɑmɔn] pl. emyn* [ˈɛmyn] (emuin) n. hill, steep-sided mount ◇ Ety/348, LotR/E ◈ dôl [dˈɔːl] (dol*) n. 1. head ○ 2. by ext. hill or mountain ◇ Ety/376, S/430 ◈ mindon [mˈindɔn] n. 1. isolated hill, especially a hill with a watch tower ○ 2. by ext. tower ◇ Ety/373, Ety/395 ◈ tund [tˈund] (tunn) n. hill, mound ◇ Ety/395, X/ND1
hindmost ◈ tele [tˈɛlɛ] pl. telei [tˈɛlɛj] n. end, rear, hindmost part ◇ Ety/392
his ◈ în* I [ˈiːn] adj. his (referring to the subject) ◇ SD/129-31 ◈ tîn* [tˈiːn] adj. his ← bess dîn SD/129-31
historical ◈ gobennathren [gˌɔbɛnnˈɑθrɛn] adj. historical ◇ Ety/366
history ◈ gobennas [gɔbˈɛnnɑs] n. history ◇ Ety/366 ◈ pennas [pˈɛnnɑs] n. history, historical account ◇ Ety/366, WJ/192, WJ/206
hobbit ◈ perian* [pˈɛri.ɑn] pl. periain* [pˈɛri.ɑjn] n. hobbit, halfling ◇ LotR/VI:IV, LotR/E, RGEO/75, Letters/308, X/ND4 ◈ periannath* [pˌɛri.ˈɑnnɑθ] n. coll. of perian, the hobbits, halflings ◇ LotR/VI:IV, LotR/E-F, RGEO/75, Letters/308
hold ◈ gar- [gˈɑr] v. to hold, have ◈ garo [gˈɑrɔ] v. inf. of gar-, to hold, have ◇ Ety/360 ◈ gerin [gˈɛrin] v. 1st of gar-, I hold, I have ◇ Ety/360
holder ◈ taew [tˈɑɛw] n. holder, socket, hasp, clasp, staple ◇ Ety/390
hole ◈ dath [dˈɑθ] n. hole, pit ◇ Ety/354 ◈ gas [gˈɑs] n. hole, gap ◇ Ety/357 ◈ torech [tˈɔrɛx] n. lair, hole ◇ WR/202
hollow ◈ coll* II [kˈɔll] adj. hollow ◇ WJ/414 ◈ raudh* [rˈɑuð] (rhaudh) adj. hollow, cavernous ◇ Ety/384, X/RH ◈ rosta- [rˈɔstɑ] v. to hollow out, excavate ◈ rosto [rˈɔstɔ] v. inf. of rosta-, to hollow out, excavate ◇ Ety/384
holly ◈ ereg* [ˈɛrɛg] pl. erig [ˈɛrig] n. Bot. holly-tree, thorn ◇ Ety/356, S/431 ◈ eregdos [ɛrˈɛgdɔs] n. Bot. holly, holly-tree ◇ Ety/356, Ety/379, Ety/395 ◈ toss [tˈɔss] n. Bot. bush, low-growing tree (as maple, hawthorn, blackthorn, holly, etc.) ◇ Ety/379, Ety/395
holy ◈ aer* II [ˈɑɛr] adj. holy ◇ VT/44:21,24
home ◈ bar* [bˈɑr] pl. bair* [bˈɑjr] n. 1. dwelling, home ○ 2. by ext. inhabited land ◇ S/428, WR/379-80, SD/129-31
honey ◈ glî [glˈiː] n. honey ◇ Ety/369 ◈ medlin* [mˈɛdlin] (meglin) adj. honey-eater, bear-like ◇ Ety/369, X/DL
honeycomb ◈ nîdh [nˈiːð] n. honeycomb ◇ VT/45:38
hook ◈ gamp [gˈɑmp] n. hook, claw ◇ Ety/357
hop ◈ laba-* [lˈɑbɑ] v. to hop ← Labadal UT/60 ◈ This entry is interpolated from Sador's nickname, Labadal, which is rendered as "Hopafoot" in the text
hope ◈ amdir* [ˈɑmdir] n. hope based on reason ◇ MR/320 ◈ estel* [ˈɛstɛl̡] n. hope, trust, a temper of mind, steady fixed in purpose, and difficult to dissuade and unlikely to fall into despair or abandon its purpose ◇ WJ/318-319, LotR/A(v), MR/320 ◈ hartha-* [hˈɑrθɑ] v. to hope ← Harthad SD/62 ◈ harthad* [hˈɑrθɑd] ger. of hartha-, hope ◇ SD/62
horde ◈ hoth* [hˈɔθ] n. Pej. host, crowd, horde (nearly always in a bad sense) ◇ Ety/364, S/432
horn ◈ rafn* [rˈɑvn] (rhafn) n. wing (horn), extended point at side, etc. ◇ Ety/382, X/RH ◈ ras* [rˈɑs] (rhass (corr. rhaes)) pl. rais* [rˈɑjs] n. horn (especially on living animal, but also applied to mountains) ◇ Ety/383, LotR/E, S/436, X/RH ◈ rasg* [rˈɑsg] (rhasg) n. horn (especially on living animal, but also applied to mountains) ◇ Ety/383, X/RH ◈ rom* [rˈɔm] (rhom) n. horn, trumpet ◇ Ety/384, WJ/400, X/RH ◈ romru* [rˈɔmru] (rhomru) n. sound of horns ◇ Ety/384, X/RH ◈ tarag [tˈɑrɑg] n. 1. horn ○ 2. by ext. steep mountain path ◇ Ety/391 ◈ till [tˈil̡l] (tild) n. horn, point ◇ Ety/393
horrible ◈ deleb [dˈɛlɛb] adj. horrible, abominable, loathsome ◇ Ety/355 ◈ gortheb (corr. gorthob) * [gˈɔrθɛb] adj. horrible ◇ WJ/415
horror ◈ del [ˈdɛl̡] n. fear, disgust, loathing, horror ◇ Ety/355 ◈ girith* [gˈiriθ] n. shuddering, horror ◇ Ety/358, S/431 ◈ gorgor* [gˈɔrgɔr] n. extreme horror ◇ WJ/415 ◈ gorog* [gˈɔrɔg] n. horror ◇ WJ/415 ◈ goroth [gˈɔrɔθ] n. horror ◇ Ety/377 ◈ gorth* [gˈɔrθ] n. horror ◇ WJ/415
horse ◈ roch* [rˈɔx] n. Zool. horse, swift horse for riding ◇ Ety/384, S/436, Letters/178, Letters/282, Letters/382
host ◈ gweth [gwˈɛθ] n. 1. manhood ○ 2. by ext. man power, troop of able-bodied men, host, regiment ◇ Ety/398 ◈ hoth* [hˈɔθ] n. Pej. host, crowd, horde (nearly always in a bad sense) ◇ Ety/364, S/432 ◈ rim* I [rˈim] (rhim, rhimb) n. crowd, host, great number ◇ Ety/383, S/436, Letters/178, Letters/382, X/RH
hot ◈ born* [bˈɔrn] adj. hot, red ◇ Letters/426-27 ◈ urui* [ˈuruj] n. and adj. 1. hot ○ 2. Cal. as a noun, the month of august ◇ LotR/D
hound ◈ rŷn* [rˈyːn] (rhŷn) n. Zool. "chaser", hound of chase ◇ Ety/384, X/RH
house ◈ adab [ˈɑdɑb] pl. edaib* [ˈɛdɑjb] (edeb) n. building, house ◇ Ety/390, WR/379-80, X/EI ◈ car [kˈɑr] (cardh) n. house, building ◇ Ety/362 ◈ gobel [gˈɔbɛl̡] n. walled house or village, town ◇ Ety/380 ◈ nost* [nˈɔst] n. kindred, family, house ◇ PM/360 ◈ See also noss ◈ nothrim* [nˈɔθrim] n. class pl. kindred, family, house ← Nothrim [> Nost] Finarfin PM/360 ◈ The word was rejected in favor of nost, but it may be interpreted as a valid class plural "those of the house"
household ◈ herth [hˈɛrθ] n. Mil. household, troop under a "hîr" (master, lord) ◇ Ety/364
howl ◈ gaul [gˈɑul] n. wolf-howl ◇ Ety/377 ◈ gawa- [gˈɑwɑ] (gaw-) v. to howl ◇ Ety/377, X/Z
howling ◈ gawad [gˈɑwɑd] ger. of gawa-, howling ◇ Ety/377
huge ◈ taur III [tˈɑur] adj. mighty, vast, overwhelming, huge, awful, high, sublime ◇ Ety/395
human ◈ echil* [ˈɛxil̡] n. 1. follower ○ 2. by ext. human being ◇ WJ/219 ◈ firen [fˈirɛn] adj. human ◇ Ety/381
hummock ◈ gwastar [gwˈɑstɑr] n. hummock ◇ Ety/388, Ety/399
hump ◈ tump [tˈump] n. hump ◇ Ety/395
hunt ◈ fara- [fˈɑrɑ] v. to hunt ◈ faro [fˈɑrɔ] v. inf. of fara-, to hunt ◇ Ety/387 ◈ rui* [rˈuj] (rhui, rhuiw) n. hunt, hunting ◇ Ety/384, X/RH
hunter ◈ faradrim [fɑrˈɑdrim] n. class pl. of feredir, hunters ◇ Ety/387 ◈ faron [fˈɑrɔn] n. m. hunter ← Elfaron Ety/387 ◈ faroth* [fˈɑrɔθ] n. (?) hunter, (?) group of hunters ← Taur-en-Faroth S/431, Ety/387 ◈ feredir [fˈɛrɛdˌir] n. hunter ◇ Ety/387
hunting ◈ farad [fˈɑrɑd] ger. of fara-, hunting ← faradrim Ety/387 ◈ faras [fˈɑrɑs] n. hunting ◇ Ety/387 ◈ rui* [rˈuj] (rhui, rhuiw) n. hunt, hunting ◇ Ety/384, X/RH
hurl ◈ had- [hˈɑd] pa. t. hant [hˈɑnt] v. to hurl ◇ Ety/363 ◈ hedi [hˈɛdi] v. inf. of had-, to hurl ◇ Ety/363
husband ◈ hervenn [hˈɛrvɛn] (herven) n. m. husband ◇ Ety/352, Ety/364, X/ND4
i ◈ im* I [ˈim] pron. I ◇ LotR/II:IV, LB/354
ice ◈ heleg [hˈɛlɛg] n. ice ◇ Ety/364
icicle ◈ aeglos* [ˈɑɛglɔs] n. 1. Bot. snowthorn, a plant like furze (gorse), but larger and with white flowers ○ 2. Geol. icicle (a pendent spear of ice formed by the freezing of dripping water) ◇ UT/417, LotR/Index
icy ◈ helegnen† pl. helegnin† adj. icy ◇ [PJ-Movie] ◈ Inscription on Aeglos, Gil-galad's Spear, Official Movie Magazine #3 (source: Gwaith i Phethdain)
idea ◈ inc [ˈiŋk] n. guess, idea, notion ◇ Ety/361 ◈ naw [nˈɑw] pl. noe* [nˈɔɛ] (nui) n. idea ◇ Ety/378, X/Z
if ◈ ae† II conj. if ◇ [PJ-Movie] ◈ Dialogs: Bruinen Raid II (source: Gwaith i Phethdain). Conceivably reconstructed after Quenya ai-quen "if anybody, whoever" (WJ/372). Highly hypothetical, as it conflicts with ae I
ill ◈ lhaew* [ɬˈɑɛw] (thlaew, thloew, flaew) adj. sickly, sick, ill ◇ Ety/386, X/OE, X/LH
immortal ◈ alfirin* [ˈɑlfirin] n. and adj. 1. immortal ○ 2. Bot. as a noun, name of a flower, bell-like and running through many soft and gentle colours ○ 3. Bot. as a noun, also used for another small white flower ◇ LotR/V:IX, Letters/402, UT/55, UT/303, UT/316, UT/417
impelled ◈ horn [hˈɔrn] adj. driven under compulsion, impelled ◇ Ety/364
impetuous ◈ alag [ˈɑlɑg] adj. rushing, impetuous ◇ Ety/348, VT/45:5 ◈ asgar [ˈɑsgɑr] (ascar) adj. violent, rushing, impetuous ◇ Ety/386 ◈ gorn I [gˈɔrn] adj. impetuous ◇ Ety/359
impetus ◈ gorf [gˈɔrv] n. impetus, vigour ◇ Ety/359
in ◈ ned* [nɛd] prep. in, of (time, e.g. giving a date) ◇ SD/129-31 ◈ nedh- [nɛð] pref. in, inside, mid- ◇ Ety/376 ◈ See also the preposition ned, and the noun ened for a discussion of this form ◈ vi* [vi] prep. in ◇ VT/44:21,27
incline ◈ talad [tˈɑlɑd] n. an incline, slope ◇ Ety/390
inclined ◈ dadbenn [dˈɑdbɛnn] (dadben) adv. downhill, inclined, prone ◇ Ety/354, Ety/380, X/ND4
inflorescence ◈ goloth* [gˈɔlɔθ] n. Bot. inflorescence, a head of small flowers ◇ VT/42:18 ◈ loth* [lˈɔθ] (lhoth) n. Bot. flower, inflorescence, a head of small flowers ◇ Ety/370, LB/354, VT/42:18, X/LH ◈ The noun is collective, a single flower being lotheg
innumerable ◈ arnediad [ɑrnˈɛdi.ɑd] (arnœdiad*) adj. innumerable, countless, endless, without reckoning, numberless ◇ Ety/349, Ety/378, S/428 ◈ aronoded [ɑrˈɔnɔdɛd] adj. innumerable, countless, endless ◇ Ety/378 ◈ See also arnediad
insecure ◈ talt [tˈɑlt] adj. slipping, falling, insecure ◇ Ety/390
insert ◈ nestag- [nˈɛstɑg] pa. t. nestanc [nˈɛstɑŋk] v. to insert, stick in ◇ Ety/388 ◈ nestegi [nˈɛstɛgi] v. inf. of nestag-, to insert, stick in ◇ Ety/388
inside ◈ nedh- [nɛð] pref. in, inside, mid- ◇ Ety/376 ◈ See also the preposition ned, and the noun ened for a discussion of this form
instead ◈ sennui* [sˈɛnnuj] adj. rather, instead (used as an adverb?) ◇ SD/129-31
insult ◈ eitha-* [ˈɛjθɑ] v. 1. to prick with a sharp point, to stab ○ 2. by ext. to treat with scorn, insult ◇ WJ/365 ◈ eithad* [ˈɛjθɑd] ger. of eitha-, insult ◇ WJ/365
intelligence ◈ hannas [hˈɑnnɑs] n. understanding, intelligence ◇ Ety/363
intelligent ◈ hand [hˈɑnd] (hann) adj. intelligent ◇ Ety/363, X/ND1
intend ◈ thel-* [θˈɛl̡] v. to intend, mean, purpose, resolve, will ◇ WJ/318-319
iron ◈ ang* [ˈɑŋ] n. iron ◇ Ety/348, S/428, PM/347 ◈ angren* [ˈɑŋgrɛn] pl. engrin* [ˈɛŋgrin] adj. of iron ◇ Ety/348, S/428
island ◈ tol* [tˈɔl] (toll) pl. tyll [tˈyll] n. island, isle rising with sheer sides from the sea or from a river ◇ Ety/394, S/438
isle ◈ tol* [tˈɔl] (toll) pl. tyll [tˈyll] n. island, isle rising with sheer sides from the sea or from a river ◇ Ety/394, S/438
isolated ◈ ereb* [ˈɛrɛb] pl. erib* [ˈɛrib] adj. isolated, lonely ◇ Ety/356, S/431, UT/422, VT/42:10
it ◈ ha [hɑ] (hana) pl. hain* [hɑjn] (hein) pron. it ◇ Ety/385, LotR/II:IV, X/EI ◈ ten* [dɛn] pron. (?)it (as object) ← caro den VT/44:21,25-6
january ◈ narwain* [nˈɑrwɑjn] n. Cal. january (month) ◇ LotR/D
jaw ◈ anc [ˈɑŋk] n. jaw, row of teeth ◇ Ety/348, Ety/374 ◈ carach* [kˈɑrɑx] n. jaw ◇ S/429 ◈ naew [nˈɑɛw] n. jaw ◇ Ety/374
jerk ◈ rinc* [rˈiŋk] (rhinc) n. twitch, jerk, trick, sudden move ◇ Ety/383, X/RH ◈ ritha-* [rˈiθɑ] v. to jerk, twitch, snarch ◈ ritho* [rˈiθɔ] (rhitho) v. inf. of ritha-, to jerk, twitch, snarch ◇ Ety/383, X/RH
jewel ◈ mîr* [mˈiːr] n. jewel, precious thing, treasure ◇ Ety/373, LotR/E, S/434, PM/348, LB/354, RGEO/73 ◈ mírdan* [mˈiːrdɑn] pl. mírdain* [mˈiːrdɑjn] n. jewel-smith ◇ S/401
journey ◈ lend* I [lˈɛnd] (lenn-*) n. journey ← lenn-mbas PM/404, X/ND1
joy ◈ gell [gˈɛl̡l] n. joy, triumph ◇ Ety/359 ◈ glass [glˈɑss] (glas) n. joy ◇ Ety/357
joyous ◈ meren [mˈɛrɛn] adj. festive, gay, joyous ◇ Ety/372 ◈ The word was changed to beren in the Etymologies, but meren would be restored together with mereth
jubilation ◈ gellam [gˈɛl̡lɑm] n. jubilation ◇ Ety/359
judge ◈ badhor [bˈɑðr̩] n. judge ◇ Ety/350 ◈ badhron [bˈɑðrɔn] n. judge ◇ Ety/350
judgement ◈ baudh [bˈɑuð] n. judgement ◇ Ety/350
juice ◈ paich* [pˈɑjx] (peich) n. juice, syrup ◇ Ety/382, X/EI ◈ saw [sˈɑw] pl. soe* [sˈɔɛ] (sui) n. juice ◇ Ety/385, X/Z
juicy ◈ pihen [pˈihɛn] (pichen) adj. juicy ◇ Ety/382, X/Z
july ◈ cerveth* [kˈɛrvɛθ] n. Cal. july (month) ◇ LotR/D
june ◈ nórui* [nˈɔːruj] n. and adj. 1. sunny, fiery ○ 2. Cal. as a noun, the month of june ◇ LotR/D
just ◈ fael* I [fˈɑɛl] adj. fair minded, just, generous ◇ PM/352
keen ◈ laeg* I [lˈɑɛg] (lhaeg) adj. keen, sharp, acute ◇ Ety/368, X/LH
keep ◈ heb-* [hˈɛb] v. to retain, keep, do not give away or release, keep hold of ← *khep VT/41:6 ◈ hebin* [hˈɛbin] v. 1st of heb-, I keep, I have kept ← ú-chebin LotR/A(v), VT/41:6 ◈ Because of the mutation triggered by the first person pronominal ending, it is impossible to guess whether the stem of this should be heb-, *hab- or *hob-. The root KHEP listed in VT/41:6 apparently implies that heb- is the correct form
kind ◈ milui [mˈiluj] adj. friendly, loving, kind ◇ Ety/372
kindle ◈ nartha- [nˈɑrθɑ] v. to kindle ◈ nartho [nˈɑrθɔ] v. inf. of nartha-, to kindle ◇ VT/45:37
kindler ◈ thoniel* [θˈɔni.ɛl̡] n. f. kindler ← Gilthoniel LotR/II:I, LotR/IV:X, RGEO/72-74
kindred ◈ noss* [nˈɔss] (nos) n. kindred, family, clan ◇ Ety/378, PM/320 ◈ nost* [nˈɔst] n. kindred, family, house ◇ PM/360 ◈ See also noss ◈ nothrim* [nˈɔθrim] n. class pl. kindred, family, house ← Nothrim [> Nost] Finarfin PM/360 ◈ The word was rejected in favor of nost, but it may be interpreted as a valid class plural "those of the house"
king ◈ âr [ˈɑːr] n. king (used of a lord or king of a specified region) ◇ Ety/389 ◈ See also taur I ◈ aran* [ˈɑrɑn] pl. erain* [ˈɛrɑjn] n. king (used of a lord or king of a specified region) ◇ Ety/360, S/428, LotR/II:IV, LotR/VI:VII, SD/129-31, Letters/426 ◈ taur I [tˈɑur] n. king (only used of the legitimate kings of whole tribes) ◇ Ety/389, Ety/395 ◈ See also aran. In LotR/IV:IV, Frodo is called Daur, which might be the mutated form of this word
kingdom ◈ aranarth* [ˈɑrɑnɑrθ] n. kingdom, "king-holding" ◇ VT/44:22,25 ◈ In Tolkien's manuscript, this form was rejected in favor of arnad ◈ arnad* [ˈɑrnɑd] n. kingdom ◇ VT:44:21,25
kingfisher ◈ heledir [hˈɛlɛdˌir] (heledirn) n. Orn. kingfisher (bird) ◇ Ety/363, Ety/386, Ety/394
kingsfoil ◈ athelas* [ˈɑθɛlɑs] n. Bot. "kingsfoil", a healing herb brought to Middle-earth by the Númenóreans ◇ LotR/V:VIII
kinsman ◈ gwanur [gwˈɑnur] n. 1. a pair of twins ○ 2. brother or kinsman, kinswoman ◇ Ety/378, Ety/392, LotR/A(iv)
kinswoman ◈ gwanur [gwˈɑnur] n. 1. a pair of twins ○ 2. brother or kinsman, kinswoman ◇ Ety/378, Ety/392, LotR/A(iv)
knife ◈ sigil I [sˈigil̡] n. dagger, knife ◇ Ety/385
knob ◈ dolt II [dˈɔlt] pl. dylt [dˈylt] n. round knob, boss ◇ Ety/376
knock ◈ tamma- [tˈɑmmɑ] v. to knock ◈ tammo (corr. tamno) [tˈɑmmɔ] v. inf. of tamma-, to knock ◇ Ety/390
knot ◈ nardh [nˈɑrð] n. knot ◇ Ety/387
knotted ◈ norn [nˈɔrn] pl. nyrn* [nˈyrn] adj. 1. twisted, knotted, crabbed, contorted ○ 2. hard ◇ Ety/387
knowledge ◈ gûl* [gˈuːl] n. 1. magic lore, long study (being used mostly of secret knowledge, especially such as possessed by artificers who made wonderful things) ○ 2. by ext. perverted or evil knowledge, sorcery, necromancy ◇ Ety/377, S/432, MR/350, WJ/383 ◈ ist [ˈist] n. lore, knowledge ◇ Ety/361 ◈ ista- [ˈistɑ] v. to have knowledge ◈ isto [ˈistɔ] v. inf. of ista-, to have knowledge ◇ Ety/361
labour ◈ muda- [mˈudɑ] v. to labour, toil ◈ mudas [mˈudɑs] n. labour, toil ◇ Ety/373 ◈ The Etymologies list this word as the past tense of the verb mudo, but actually it looks more like a noun ◈ mudo [mˈudɔ] v. inf. of muda-, to labour, toil ◇ Ety/373 ◈ The Etymologies list mudas as the past tense of this this verb, but actually this form looks more like a noun "labour, toil" ◈ tass [tˈɑss] (tars) n. labour, task ◇ Ety/391
lacking ◈ pen* I [pɛn] prep. without, lacking, -less ← Iarwain ben-adar LotR/II:II
lady ◈ brennil [brˈɛnnil̡] n. f. lady ◇ Ety/351 ◈ dî [dˈiː] n. f. Poet. woman, lady ◇ Ety/352, Ety/354 ◈ heryn* [hˈɛryn] n. f. lady ← Roheryn S/436 ◈ hiril [hˈiril̡] n. f. lady ◇ Ety/364 ◈ rîn* I [rˈiːn] (rhîn, rhien) n. and adj. 1. crowned ○ 2. by ext. as a noun, crowned lady, queen ◇ Ety/393, Ety/389, X/RH
lair ◈ caew [kˈɑɛw] n. lair, resting-place ◇ Ety/363 ◈ torech [tˈɔrɛx] n. lair, hole ◇ WR/202
lake ◈ ael* [ˈɑɛl] (oel) pl. aelin* [ˈɑɛlin] (oelin) n. lake, pool, mere ◇ Ety/349, S/427, X/OE ◈ lô* [lˈɔː] n. shallow lake, fenland ◇ UT/263 ◈ nen* [nˈɛn] pl. nîn* [nˈiːn] n. 1. water (used of a lake, pool or lesser river) ○ 2. by ext. waterland ◇ Ety/376, S/435, UT/457 ◈ rim* II [rˈim] (rhim, rhimb) n. cold pool or lake (in mountains) ◇ Ety/384, X/RH
lament ◈ naergon* [nˈɑɛrgɔn] n. woeful lament ◇ PM/362
lamentable ◈ naer* [nˈɑɛr] (noer) adj. sad, lamentable ◇ Ety/375, X/OE
lamentation ◈ conath* [kˈɔnɑθ] n. coll. of caun I, 1. many voices ○ 2. by ext. lamentation ◇ PM/361-362 ◈ nírnaeth [nˈiːrnɑɛθ] n. lamentation ◇ Ety/376
lamp ◈ calar* [kˈɑlɑr] n. lamp ← celerdain LotR/V:I, WR/287
lampwright ◈ calardan* [kɑlˈɑrdɑn] pl. celerdain* [kɛlˈɛrdɑjn] n. lampwright ◇ LotR/V:I, WR/287
land ◈ dôr* [dˈɔːr] (dor*) n. land, dwelling-place, region where certain people live ◇ Ety/376, S/430, WJ/413, Letters/417, VT/45:38 ◈ The form dor in the Etymologies is a misreading, see VT/45. In composition and in toponyms, the word is nevertheless reduced to Dor ◈ talath* [tˈɑlɑθ] (dalath) n. 1. flat surface, plane ○ 2. flat land, plain, (wide) valley ← Talath Dirnen UT/465, Ety/353, S/437 ◈ talf* II [tˈɑlv] n. flat field, flat land ← Nindalf TC/195, LotR/Map
language ◈ annúnaid* [ɑnnˈuːnɑjd] n. Ling. the "Westron" language (one of the names for Common Speech) ◇ PM/316 ◈ falathren* [fɑlˈɑθrɛn] n. and adj. 1. of the shore ○ 2. Ling. as a noun, Shore-language (one of the names for Common Speech) ◇ Ety/381, PM/32, PM/55 ◈ lam* II [lˈɑm] n. Ling. language ◇ WJ/394
last ◈ brona- [brˈɔnɔ] v. to last, to survive ◈ brono [brˈɔnɔ] v. inf. of brona-, to last, to survive ◇ Ety/353 ◈ dartha- [dˈɑrθɑ] v. to wait, stay, last, endure, remain ◇ Ety/353, VT/45:8 ◈ medui* [mˈɛduj] adj. last ← na vedui, Arvedui LotR/I:XII, LotR/A(iv)
lasting ◈ bronadui [brˈɔnɑduj] adj. enduring, lasting ◇ Ety/353 ◈ bronwe* [brˈɔnwɛ] n. endurance, lasting quality, faith ◇ Ety/353, SD/62
later ◈ ab-* [ɑb] pref. after, later ← Abonnen WJ/387
laugh ◈ gladha-* [glˈɑðɑ] v. to laugh ← gladh- PM/359
laughter ◈ lalaith* [lˈɑlɑjθ] n. laughter ◇ S/406
lay ◈ glaer [glˈɑɛr] n. long lay, narrative poem ◇ Ety/359 ◈ Written glær (with ae-ligature) in the Etymologies ◈ glîr [glˈiːr] n. song, poem, lay ◇ Ety/359
lead ◈ tegi [tˈɛgi] v. inf. of tog-, to lead, bring ◇ Ety/395 ◈ tog- [tˈɔg] v. to lead, bring
leaf ◈ galenas* [gˈɑlɛnɑs] n. Bot. pipe-weed (leaf) or "westmansweed", a variety of Nicotiana ◇ LotR/V:VIII ◈ lass* [lˈɑss] (lhass) n. leaf ◇ Ety/367, Letters/282, TC/169, X/LH
league ◈ daur* [dˈɑur] n. 1. pause, stop ○ 2. by ext. league (about 3 miles) ◇ UT/279, UT/285
lean ◈ lhain* II [ɬˈɑjn] (thlein) pl. lhîn* [ɬˈiːn] (thlîn) adj. lean, thin, meagre ◇ Ety/386, X/LH
leap ◈ cab-* [kˈɑb] v. to leap ← cabed S/386, WJ/100 ◈ cabed* [kˈɑbɛd] ger. of cab-, 1. leap ○ 2. by ext. deep gorge ◇ S/386, WJ/100 ◈ Emended by Tolkien from earlier cabad. This is our sole late example that basic verbs should perhaps form their gerund in -ed, whereas derived verbs are well attested to use -ad (cf. aderthad)
learned ◈ golwen [gˈɔlwɛn] adj. wise, learned in deep arts ◇ Ety/377 ◈ istui [ˈistuj] adj. learned ◇ Ety/361
leather ◈ lath* [lˈɑθ] (lhath) n. (?) thong of leather ◇ Ety/368, X/LH
left ◈ crom [krˈɔm] n. left ◇ Ety/366 ◈ crum [krˈum] n. left hand ◇ Ety/366 ◈ crumui [krˈumuj] adj. left-handed ◇ Ety/366 ◈ hair* [hˈɑjr] (heir) n. and adj. left (hand) ◇ Ety/365, X/EI ◈ hargam [hˈɑrgɑm] n. left-handed ◇ Ety/365
letter ◈ têw* [tˈɛːw] pl. tîw* [tˈiːw] n. letter, written sign ◇ Ety/391, WJ/396, LotR/II:IV, LotR/E, Letters/427
level ◈ land* I [lˈɑnd] (lhand) adj. open space, level ◇ Ety/368, X/LH, X/ND1 ◈ pathu* [pˈɑθu] (pathw) n. level space, sward ◇ Ety/380, X/W
lick ◈ lav-* [lˈɑv] v. to lick ◈ levi* [lˈɛvi] (lhefi) v. inf. of lav-, to lick ◇ Ety/367, X/LH
life ◈ cuil [kˈujl] n. life ◇ Ety/366
light ◈ calad* [kˈɑlɑd] ger. light ◇ Ety/362, UT/65 ◈ gail I [gˈɑjl] n. bright light ◇ Ety/362 ◈ gal- [gɑl] pref. light ← galvorn, etc. ◈ galad* [gˈɑlɑd] n. light, radiance, glittering, reflection (from jewels, glass or polished metal, or water) ◇ VT/45:13, PM/347, Letters/425 ◈ glaur [glˈɑur] (glor-) n. Theo. golden light (of the golden tree Laurelin) ◇ Ety/358, Ety/368 ◈ lim* II [lˈim] adj. clear, sparkling, light ◇ WJ/337
like ◈ sui* II [sˈuj] prep. as, like ◇ VT/44:21,27
limit ◈ gleina-* [glˈɛjnɑ] v. to bound, enclose, limit ◇ VT/42:8, VT/42:28 ◈ This entry should perhaps read gleinia-, cf. VT/42:28, note 13 ◈ taeg* [tˈɑɛg] n. boundary, limit, boundary line ◇ WJ/309
line ◈ taeg* [tˈɑɛg] n. boundary, limit, boundary line ◇ WJ/309 ◈ tê [tˈɛː] n. line, way ◇ Ety/391 ◈ tî [tˈiː] n. line, row ◇ Ety/392
lion ◈ raw* II [rˈɑw] (rhaw) pl. roe* [rˈɔɛ] (rhui) n. lion ◇ Ety/383, X/RH
listen ◈ lasta-* [lˈɑstɑ] v. to listen ◈ lasto* [lˈɑstɔ] v. imp. of lasta-, listen! ◇ LotR/II:IV, RS/463, LB/354 ◈ lathra-* [lˈɑθrɑ] v. to listen in, eavesdrop ◈ lathrada-* [lˈɑθrɑdɑ] v. to listen in, eavesdrop ◈ lathrado* [lˈɑθrɑdɔ] (lhathrado) v. inf. of lathrada-, to listen in, eavesdrop ◇ Ety/368, X/LH ◈ lathro* [lˈɑθrɔ] (lhathro) v. inf. of lathra-, to listen in, eavesdrop ◇ Ety/368, X/LH
listener ◈ lathron* [lˈɑθrɔn] (lhathron) n. hearer, listener, eavesdropper ◇ Ety/368, X/LH ◈ lethril* [lˈɛθril] (lhethril) n. f. hearer, listener, eavesdropper ◇ VT/45:26, X/LH
little ◈ tithen [tˈiθɛn] pl. tithin [tˈiθin] adj. little, tiny ◇ Ety/394
live ◈ cuinar* [kˈujnɑr] v. 3rd pl. of cuina-, (they) live ← i-chuinar Letters/417
loaf ◈ basgorn [bˈɑsgɔrn] n. loaf (of bread) ◇ Ety/372, Ety/365
loathing ◈ del [ˈdɛl̡] n. fear, disgust, loathing, horror ◇ Ety/355 ◈ delos [dˈɛlɔs] (deloth) n. abhorrence, detestation, loathing ◇ Ety/355
loathsome ◈ deleb [dˈɛlɛb] adj. horrible, abominable, loathsome ◇ Ety/355
lode ◈ rant* [rˈɑnt] n. 1. lode, vein ○ 2. course, riverbed ◇ Ety/383, S/436
lofty ◈ arth* [ˈɑrθ] adj. (unknown meaning, perhaps noble, lofty, exalted) ← Arthedain LotR ◈ brand [brˈɑnd] (brann) adj. 1. lofty, noble, fine ○ 2. high (in size) ◇ Ety/351, TAI/150, X/ND1 ◈ orchal* [ˈɔrxl̩] (orchall, orchel) adj. 1. superior, lofty, eminent ○ 2. tall ◇ Ety/363, Ety/379, WJ/305 ◈ In his article Probable errors in the Etymologies, Helge Fauskanger lists orchel as a misreading, following Christopher Tolkien's note admitting that the e is uncertain. However, though orchal is attested in WJ/305, it does not necessarily mean that the form orchel is incorrect. It might be constructed by analogy with words such as hathol "axe" (from WJ/234 and the name of a Númenórean, Hatholdir, UT:444), which is also found as hathal (in Hathaldir, name of a companion of Barahir, LR/433, untranslated but conceivably cognate) and hathel (LR/389). Without entering into the details, such words end with a syllabic consonant (as in English "people"), and several vocalizations are apparently possible in Sindarin. The epenthetical vowel is generally o, but it seems that a or e are also allowed. Regarding orchal, its origin is of course different, as it is a compound word where the second element clearly derives from KHAL, but it may be have been assimilated, later, to this class of words by analogy. We may therefore consider that orchel is a perfectly valid dialectal variant
lonely ◈ ereb* [ˈɛrɛb] pl. erib* [ˈɛrib] adj. isolated, lonely ◇ Ety/356, S/431, UT/422, VT/42:10
long ◈ anann* [ˈɑnɑnn] adv. long, for a long time ◇ LotR/VI:IV, Letters/308 ◈ and* [ˈɑnd] (ann) adj. long ◇ Ety/348, S/427, X/ND1 ◈ taen II [tˈɑɛn] adj. long (and thin) ◇ Ety/391
look ◈ thîr* [θˈiːr] n. look, face, expression, countenance ◇ Ety/392, VT/41:10 ◈ tir- [tˈir] v. to watch, to gaze, look at ◈ tiri [tˈiri] v. inf. of tir-, to watch, to gaze, look at ◇ Ety/394 ◈ tiria- [tˈiri.ɑ] pa. t. tiriant [tˈiri.ɑnt] v. to watch, to gaze, look at ◇ Ety/394 ◈ tirio [tˈiri.ɔ] v. inf. of tiria-, to watch, to gaze, look at ◇ Ety/394 ◈ tiro* [tˈirɔ] v. imp. of tir-, look! ◇ LotR/IV:X, RGEO/72, Letters/278-79, Letters/427
lord ◈ brannon [brˈɑnnɔn] n. m. lord ◇ Ety/351 ◈ hîr* [hˈiːr] n. m. master, lord ◇ Ety/364, S/432, SD/129-31, Letters/382, LB/354, VT/45:22
lore ◈ angol II [ˈɑŋgɔl] n. Arch., Poet. deep lore, magic ◇ Ety/377 ◈ ist [ˈist] n. lore, knowledge ◇ Ety/361
loud ◈ brui* [brˈuj] adj. loud, noisy ← Bruinen LotR/Index
love ◈ mela- [mˈɛlɑ] pa. t. melant [mˈɛlɑnt] v. to love ◇ VT/45:34 ◈ meleth [mˈɛlɛθ] n. love ◇ Ety/372 ◈ melo [mˈɛlɔ] v. inf. of mela-, to love ◇ VT/45:34 ◈ mîl [mˈiːl] n. love, affection ◇ Ety/372
lover ◈ melethril [mɛlˈɛθril̡] n. f. lover ◇ Ety/372 ◈ melethron [mɛlˈɛθrɔn] n. m. lover ◇ Ety/372 ◈ seron* [sˈɛrɔn] n. lover ◇ PM/348
loving ◈ milui [mˈiluj] adj. friendly, loving, kind ◇ Ety/372
low ◈ tofn [tˈɔvn] adj. lowlying, deep, low ◇ Ety/394
lowlying ◈ tofn [tˈɔvn] adj. lowlying, deep, low ◇ Ety/394
lust ◈ mael* II [mˈɑɛl] (moel) n. lust ◇ Ety/373, X/OE
lustful ◈ maelui* [mˈɑɛluj] (moelui) adj. lustful ◇ Ety/373, X/OE
machine ◈ gaud [gˈɑud] n. device, contrivance, machine ◇ Ety/358
magic ◈ angol II [ˈɑŋgɔl] n. Arch., Poet. deep lore, magic ◇ Ety/377 ◈ gûl* [gˈuːl] n. 1. magic lore, long study (being used mostly of secret knowledge, especially such as possessed by artificers who made wonderful things) ○ 2. by ext. perverted or evil knowledge, sorcery, necromancy ◇ Ety/377, S/432, MR/350, WJ/383
magician ◈ gollor [gˈɔllɔr] n. magician ◇ Ety/377
maid ◈ elleth* [ˈɛl̡lɛθ] n. f. elf-maid ◇ WJ/148, WJ/256, WJ/363-364 ◈ iell [jˈɛl̡l] n. f. 1. daughter ○ 2. girl, maid ◇ Ety/385, Ety/400 ◈ Stated to be an alteration of sell, remodelled after ion "son" (OS *jondo). It was "a change assisted by the loss of s in compounds and patronymics", hence the ending -iel in several feminine words ◈ sell [sˈɛl̡l] n. f. 1. daughter ○ 2. girl, maid (child) ◇ Ety/385
make ◈ caro* [kˈɑrɔ] v. imp. of car-, do! make! ◇ VT/44:21,25 ◈ echad- [ˈɛxɑd] pa. t. echant* [ˈɛxɑnt] v. to fashion, make ◈ echedi [ˈɛxɛdi] v. inf. of echad-, to fashion, make ◇ Ety/363, LotR/II:IV
maker ◈ ceredir [kˈɛrɛdˌir] n. doer, maker ◇ Ety/354
making ◈ cared [kˈɑrɛd] ger. of car-, making, doing ← ceredir Ety/354
male ◈ anu* [ˈɑnu] (anw) adj. male ◇ Ety/360, X/W ◈ A literal interpretation of the Etymologies would class this word as a noun, but David Salo notes that the punctuation in The Etymologies is not always reliable. Noldorin anw cannot be cognate to the Quenya noun hanu (*3anû) because the final -u would drop. It must rather be cognate to the Quenya adjective hanwa (*3anwâ) attested under the stem INI, where it is also stated that inw, corresponding to Quenya inya "female", has been remodelled after anw. The combination of these two entries, along with the phonological evidences, clearly indicates that anw is actually an adjective ◈ benn [bˈɛnn] n. m. man, male ◇ Ety/352, VT/45:9
man ◈ abonnen* [ɑbˈɔnnɛn] pl. ebœnnin* [ɛbˈɛnnin] n. and adj. 1. born later, born after ○ 2. as a noun, man, one born later than the Elves, a human being (elvish name for men) ◇ WJ/387 ◈ adan* [ˈɑdɑn] pl. edain* [ˈɛdɑjn] n. man, one of the Second People (elvish name for men) ◇ LotR/A(v), S/427, PM/324, WJ/387, Letters/282 ◈ adanadar* [ɑdˈɑnɑdɑr] pl. edenedair* [ɛdˈɛnɛdɑjr] n. man, one of the Fathers of Men ◇ MR/373 ◈ adanath* [ˈɑdɑnɑθ] n. coll. of adan, men ◇ MR/373 ◈ aphadon* [ˈɑffɑdɔn] pl. ephedyn* [ˈɛffɛdyn] n. 1. follower ○ 2. by ext. man (elvish name for men) ◇ WJ/387 ◈ aphadrim* [ɑffˈɑdrim] n. class pl. of aphadon, followers, men (elvish name for men) ◇ WJ/387 ◈ benn [bˈɛnn] n. m. man, male ◇ Ety/352, VT/45:9 ◈ dîr [dˈiːr] n. m. Arch. man, referring to an adult male (elf, mortal, or of any other speaking race) ◇ Ety/354, Ety/352 ◈ drû* [drˈuː] pl. drúin* [drˈuː.in] n. wild man, wose, púkel-man ◇ UT/385 ◈ In PE/11:31, an older Gnomish word drû, drui meant "wood, forest", and in PE/13:142, the early Noldorin word drú was assigned the meaning "dark". Drû pl. Drúin later came to be used for the name of the Woses, with other derivatives (Drúadan, etc.). "Wose" is actually the modernization of an Anglo-Saxon word wasa only found in the compound wudu-wasa "wild man of the woods", cf. UT/385 sq. In the drafts of the "Ride of the Rohirrim" in WR/343-346, the Woses first appear as "the dark men of Eilenach". Though internally said to derive from drughu in their own tongue, Tolkien's choice for the Sindarin name of the Woses was apparently influenced by earlier meanings assigned to this word ◈ drúadan* [drˈuːɑdɑn] pl. drúedain* [drˈuːɛdɑjn] n. Pop. wild man, one of the Woses ◇ UT/385 ◈ dúnadan* [dˈuːnɑdɑn] pl. dúnedain* [dˈuːnɛdɑjn] n. man of the west, Númenórean ◇ LotR/I:XII, WJ/378, S/390
manhood ◈ gweth [gwˈɛθ] n. 1. manhood ○ 2. by ext. man power, troop of able-bodied men, host, regiment ◇ Ety/398
mantle ◈ coll* III [kˈɔll] n. cloak, mantle ← Thingol S/421, MR/385
maple ◈ toss [tˈɔss] n. Bot. bush, low-growing tree (as maple, hawthorn, blackthorn, holly, etc.) ◇ Ety/379, Ety/395
march ◈ gwaeron* [gwˈɑɛrɔn] n. Cal. march (month) ◇ LotR/D
mark ◈ andaith* [ˈɑndɑjθ] (andeith) n. long-mark, sign used in writing alphabetic tengwar over a vowel, to indicate that it is lengthened. ◇ LotR/E, Ety/391, X/EI ◈ glandagol* [glˈɑndɑgɔl] n. boundary mark ◇ VT/42:8 ◈ tagol* [tˈɑgl̩] n. post, mark ← glandagol VT/42:8, VT/42:28 ◈ taith* [tˈɑjθ] (teith) n. mark ◇ Ety/391, X/EI
master ◈ herdir* [hˈɛrdir] n. m. master ← i-Cherdir SD/129-31 ◈ heron [hˈɛrɔn] n. m. master ◇ VT/45:22 ◈ hîr* [hˈiːr] n. m. master, lord ◇ Ety/364, S/432, SD/129-31, Letters/382, LB/354, VT/45:22 ◈ ortheri [ˈɔrθɛri] v. inf. of orthor-, to master, conquer ◇ Ety/395 ◈ orthor- [ˈɔrθɔr] v. to master, conquer
mastery ◈ tûr [tˈuːr] n. mastery, victory ◇ Ety/395
maxim ◈ linnod* [lˈinnɔd] n. 1. (?) a single verse used as a maxim ○ 2. (?) a chant of a certain metrical type, where each (half-)verse is composed of seven syllables ◇ LotR/A(iv) ◈ The word is not translated by Tolkien. The first meaning assumes that -od is a singulative affix (cf. filigod). The second meaning is proposed by Carl Hostetter and Patrick Wynne in Tolkien's Legendarium p. 132, based on the metrical characteristics of Gilraen's linnod
may ◈ lothron* [lˈɔθrɔn] n. Cal. may (month) ◇ LotR/D
mayor ◈ condir* [kˈɔndir] n. m. mayor ◇ SD/129-31
me ◈ enni* [ˈɛnni] pron. to me ◇ VT/41:11 ◈ See also anim ◈ nin* [nin] pron. me ◇ LotR/IV:X, RGEO/72
meagre ◈ lhain* II [ɬˈɑjn] (thlein) pl. lhîn* [ɬˈiːn] (thlîn) adj. lean, thin, meagre ◇ Ety/386, X/LH
mean ◈ faeg* [fˈɑɛg] (foeg) adj. mean, poor, bad ◇ Ety/387, X/OE ◈ thel-* [θˈɛl̡] v. to intend, mean, purpose, resolve, will ◇ WJ/318-319
meaning ◈ ind [ˈind] (inn) n. inner thought, meaning, heart ◇ Ety/361, X/ND1
meat ◈ aes [ˈɑɛs] n. cooked food, meat ◇ Ety/349
meet ◈ govad-* [gˈɔvɑd] v. to meet ← mae govannen LotR/I:XII, Letters/308
mere ◈ ael* [ˈɑɛl] (oel) pl. aelin* [ˈɑɛlin] (oelin) n. lake, pool, mere ◇ Ety/349, S/427, X/OE
merry ◈ gelir* [gˈɛlir] n. merry, happy, gay person ◇ SD/129-31
mesh ◈ rem* I [rˈɛm] n. mesh, net (esp. for catching, hunter's or fisher's net) ◇ LotR/E, VT/42:29
met ◈ govannen* [gɔvˈɑnnɛn] pp. of govad-, met ◇ LotR/I:XII, Letters/308
metal ◈ côl [kˈɔːl] n. gold (metal) ◇ Ety/365 ◈ raud* [rˈɑud] (rhaud) n. metal ◇ Ety/383, X/RH ◈ tinc [tˈiŋk] n. metal ◇ Ety/394
middle ◈ ened* [ˈɛnɛd] (enedh) n. core, centre, middle ◇ Ety/356, Ety/376, UT/450, Letters/224, VT/41:12,16 ◈ While the word is written enedh in the Etymologies, it seems that Tolkien considered and reconsidered its form throughout his life. Late rough jottings (c. 1968), as well as the text of letter no. 168 and the fact that the toponym Enedwaith was never changed on the LotR map, seems to imply that ened is the (most) definitive form. See also the possibly related preposition ned, which has been suggested to mean "in" (while again a prefix nedh- is seen in the Etymologies) ◈ per- [pɛr] pref. half, divided in middle ◈ perin [pˈɛrin] adj. half, divided in middle ◇ Ety/380
mighty ◈ beleg* [bˈɛlɛg] adj. great, mighty ◇ Ety/352, S/428 ◈ taur III [tˈɑur] adj. mighty, vast, overwhelming, huge, awful, high, sublime ◇ Ety/395
military ◈ dírnaith* [dˈiːrnɑjθ] n. Mil. a military wedge-formation launched over a short distance against an enemy massing but not yet arrayed, or against a defensive formation on open ground ◇ UT/282
mine ◈ sabar* [sˈɑbɑr] n. delved mine ← Nornhabar, Anghabar WJ/209, WJ/419, S/380 ◈ The unmutated form is reconstructed from the place name Nornhabar, assuming that the second word is mutated in composition. Though habar as the regular form might be possible as well, in the Qenyaqetsa we find the root SAPA 'dig, excavate' (PE/12:82), so it seems most likely that Tolkien reused this old base, and that the underlying form in those names would indeed be sabar
mirror ◈ cenedril [kɛnˈɛdril̡] n. looking-glass, mirror ◇ TI/184, RS/466
mist ◈ hîth* [hˈiːθ] (hith) n. mist, fog ◇ Ety/364, S/432 ◈ hithlain* [hˈiθlɑjn] n. mist-thread, a substance used by the Elves of Lothlórien to make strong ropes ◇ LotR/II:VIII, LotR/Index ◈ mith I [mˈiθ] n. white fog, wet mist ◇ Ety/373
mocking ◈ iaew [jˈɑɛw] n. mocking, scorn ◇ Ety/400
moisten ◈ limmida-* [lˈimmidɑ] (lhimmid) pa. t. limmint* [lˈimmint] (lhimmint) v. to moisten ◇ Ety/369, X/LH
money ◈ mirian* [mˈiri.ɑn] n. piece of money, coin used in Gondor → canath ◇ PM/45
monster ◈ úan [ˈuː.ɑn] n. monster ◇ Ety/351 ◈ ulunn* [ˈulunn] (ulund, ulun) n. monster, deformed and hideous creature ◇ Ety/396, X/ND4
monstrous ◈ uanui [ˈu.ɑnuj] adj. monstrous, hideous ◇ Ety/351
month ◈ cerveth* [kˈɛrvɛθ] n. Cal. july (month) ◇ LotR/D ◈ girithron* [girˈiθrɔn] n. Cal. december (month) ◇ LotR/D ◈ gwaeron* [gwˈɑɛrɔn] n. Cal. march (month) ◇ LotR/D ◈ gwirith* [gwˈiriθ] n. Cal. april (month) ◇ LotR/D, SD/129-31 ◈ hithui* [hˈiθuj] n. and adj. 1. foggy, misty ○ 2. Cal. as a noun, the month of november ◇ LotR/D ◈ ivanneth* [ivˈɑnnɛθ] n. Cal. september (month) ◇ LotR/D ◈ lothron* [lˈɔθrɔn] n. Cal. may (month) ◇ LotR/D ◈ narbeleth* [nˈɑrbɛlɛθ] n. Cal. october (month) ◇ LotR/D ◈ narwain* [nˈɑrwɑjn] n. Cal. january (month) ◇ LotR/D ◈ nínui* [nˈiːnuj] n. and adj. 1. watery ○ 2. Cal. as a noun, the month of february ◇ LotR/D ◈ nórui* [nˈɔːruj] n. and adj. 1. sunny, fiery ○ 2. Cal. as a noun, the month of june ◇ LotR/D ◈ urui* [ˈuruj] n. and adj. 1. hot ○ 2. Cal. as a noun, the month of august ◇ LotR/D
moon ◈ cúron* [kˈuːrɑn] (cúran) n. the crescent moon ◇ Ety/365, X/Z ◈ ithil* [ˈiθil̡] n. the moon, lit. 'The Sheen' ◇ Ety/361, Ety/385, Ety/392, LotR/E, LB/354
morning ◈ aur* [ˈɑur] n. day, sunlight, morning ◇ Ety/349, S/439 ◈ See also calan
mortal ◈ fair* I [fˈɑjr] (feir*) pl. fîr* [fˈiːr] n. mortal ◇ Ety/381, WJ/387, X/EI ◈ fíreb* [fˈiːrɛb] pl. fírib* [fˈiːrib] adj. mortal ◇ WJ/387 ◈ firiath* [fˈiri.ɑθ] n. coll. of fair I, mortals, human beings ◇ WJ/219, WJ/387 ◈ fíriel* [fˈiri.ɛl̡] (firiel) n. f. mortal maid ◇ Ety/382, PM/195, PM/232 ◈ firieth* [fˈiri.ɛθ] n. f. mortal woman ◇ WJ/387 ◈ firion* [fˈiri.ɔn] n. m. mortal man ◇ WJ/387
mother ◈ nana [nˈɑnɑ] n. hypo. mother, mummy ◇ Ety/348, Ety/374 ◈ naneth [nˈɑnɛθ] n. mother ◇ Ety/348, Ety/374
mound ◈ cerin* [kˈɛrin] n. 1. circular enclosure ○ 2. by ext. mound ◇ Ety/365, S/429 ◈ coron* [kˈɔrɔn] n. 1. globe, ball ○ 2. by ext. mound ◇ Ety/365, S/429 ◈ cum [kˈum] (cumb) n. mound, heap ◇ Ety/365 ◈ haudh* [hˈɑuð] n. (burial) mound, grave, tomb ◇ Ety/363-364, S/432, LotR/A(iv) ◈ tund [tˈund] (tunn) n. hill, mound ◇ Ety/395, X/ND1
mount ◈ amon* [ˈɑmɔn] pl. emyn* [ˈɛmyn] (emuin) n. hill, steep-sided mount ◇ Ety/348, LotR/E
mountain ◈ aegas* [ˈɑɛgɑs] (oegas) pl. aegais* [ˈɑɛgɑjs] (oeges) n. mountain peak ◇ Ety/349, X/OE ◈ aeglir* [ˈɑɛglir] (oeglir) n. range of mountain peaks ← Hithaeglir LotR, Ety/349, X/OE ◈ dôl [dˈɔːl] (dol*) n. 1. head ○ 2. by ext. hill or mountain ◇ Ety/376, S/430 ◈ orod* [ˈɔrɔd] pl. ered* [ˈɛrɛd] (eryd*, ereid) n. mountain ◇ Ety/379, S/435, Letters/263, TC/178 ◈ orodrim [ɔrˈɔdrim] n. range of mountains ◇ Ety/379 ◈ taen I [tˈɑɛn] n. height, summit of high mountain ◇ Ety/389 ◈ tarag [tˈɑrɑg] n. 1. horn ○ 2. by ext. steep mountain path ◇ Ety/391
mountaineer ◈ orodben* [ɔrˈɔdbɛn] pl. œrydbin* [ɛrˈydbin] n. mountaineer, one living in the mountains ◇ WJ/376
mouth ◈ ethir* I [ˈɛθir] n. mouth of river, estuary ◇ LotR/II:X, Ety/356
move ◈ rinc* [rˈiŋk] (rhinc) n. twitch, jerk, trick, sudden move ◇ Ety/383, X/RH
mummy ◈ nana [nˈɑnɑ] n. hypo. mother, mummy ◇ Ety/348, Ety/374
muscle ◈ tû [tˈuː] n. muscle, sinew, vigour, physical strength ◇ Ety/394
mutated ◈ prestannen [prɛstˈɑnnɛn] pp. of presta-, 1. affected ○ 2. Ling. mutated (of a mutated vowel) ◇ Ety/380
mutation ◈ prestanneth [prɛstˈɑnnɛθ] n. Ling. affection of vowels, mutation ◇ Ety/380
my ◈ nín* [nˈiːn] adj. my ◇ UT/40, VT/44:22 ◈ The acute accent in nín has sometimes been regarded as an error for a slanted macron in the manuscript, since all the other attested personal adjectives from Sauron defeated all have a circumflex accent. It was noted though that if the acute accent is confirmed, then this word is probably an enclitic, see HL/73. The acute accent is now confirmed by VT/44
myself ◈ anim* [ˈɑnim] pron. for myself ◇ LotR/A(v) ◈ See also enni
nail ◈ taes [tˈɑɛs] n. nail ◇ Ety/390
naked ◈ hell [hˈɛl̡l] adj. naked ◇ Ety/386 ◈ lanc* I [lˈɑŋk] n. naked ◇ UT/418
name ◈ eneth* [ˈɛnɛθ] n. name ◇ VT/44:21,24 ◈ ess† n. name ◇ [PJ-Movie] ◈ Inscription on Aeglos, Gil-galad's Spear, Official Movie Magazine #3 (source: Gwaith i Phethdain). Updated from Quenya essë. The correct Sindarin word, eneth, has been published since ◈ esta-* [ˈɛstɑ] v. to name ← estathar SD/129-31
narrator ◈ pethron [pˈɛθrɔn] n. narrator ◇ Ety/366
narrow ◈ agor I [ˈɑgr̩] (agr) adj. narrow ◇ Ety/348
neat ◈ puig [pˈujg] adj. clean, tidy, neat ◇ Ety/382
neck ◈ iaeth [jˈɑɛθ] n. neck ◇ Ety/400
necklace ◈ sigil II [sˈigil̡] n. necklace ← Sigil Elu-naeth WJ/258
necromancy ◈ gûl* [gˈuːl] n. 1. magic lore, long study (being used mostly of secret knowledge, especially such as possessed by artificers who made wonderful things) ○ 2. by ext. perverted or evil knowledge, sorcery, necromancy ◇ Ety/377, S/432, MR/350, WJ/383 ◈ morgul* [mˈɔrgul] n. black arts, sorcery, necromancy ◇ Ety/377, S/432, WJ/383, MR/350
need ◈ baur [bˈɑur] n. need ◇ Ety/372 ◈ boe* [bˈɔɛ] (bui) v. impers. to need ◇ Ety/372, X/Z ◈ thang* [θˈɑŋ] n. compulsion, duress, need, oppression ◇ Ety/388, S/438
net ◈ gwî [gwˈiː] n. net, web ◇ Ety/398 ◈ raef* [rˈɑɛv] n. net ◇ VT/42:12 ◈ rem* I [rˈɛm] n. mesh, net (esp. for catching, hunter's or fisher's net) ◇ LotR/E, VT/42:29
netted ◈ remmen* [rˈɛmmɛn] pl. remmin* [rˈɛmmin] pp. woven, netted, tangled ← galadhremmin LotR/E, LotR/II:I, RGEO/72
nettled ◈ raen* II [rˈɑɛn] adj. nettled, enlaced ◇ VT/42:11
new ◈ eden [ˈɛdɛn] adj. new, begun again ◇ Ety/349 ◈ gwain* [gwˈɑjn] pl. gwîn* [gwˈiːn] adj. new ← Narwain (Narvinyë) LotR/D, Cf. Ety/399 ◈ sain* [sˈɑjn] (sein) pl. sîn [sˈiːn] adj. new ◇ Ety/385, X/EI
news ◈ siniath [sˈini.ɑθ] n. coll. news, tidings ◇ Ety/385
night ◈ daw [dˈɑw] n. night-time, gloom ◇ Ety/354 ◈ dû* [dˈuː] n. nightfall, late evening, night, dimness ◇ Ety/354, S/430, VT/45:9 ◈ fuin* [fˈujn] n. night, dead of night, gloom, darkness ◇ Ety/354, Ety/382, S/431 ◈ môr* [mˈɔːr] n. darkness, dark, night ◇ Ety/373, Letters/382 ◈ tinnu [tˈinnu] (tindu) n. 1. dusk, twilight, early night (without moon) ○ 2. starry twilight ◇ Ety/355, Ety/393, X/ND2
nightfall ◈ dû* [dˈuː] n. nightfall, late evening, night, dimness ◇ Ety/354, S/430, VT/45:9
nightingale ◈ dúlinn [dˈuːlinn] (dúlind, dúlin*) n. Orn. nightingale ◇ Ety/354, Ety/369, S/430, X/ND4 ◈ merilin [mˈɛrilˌin] (mœrilind) n. Orn. nightingale (bird) ◇ Ety/394, X/ND4
nine ◈ neder* [nˈɛdɛr] adj. num. nine ◇ Ety/376, VT/42:25
ninth ◈ nedrui* [nˈɛdruj] adj. num. ninth ◇ VT/42:10
no ◈ al- [ɑl] pref. no, not ◇ Ety/367 ◈ ú* [ˈuː] pref. no, not (negative prefix or particle) ◇ WJ/369, LotR/A(v)
noble ◈ ara-* [ɑrɑ] (ar-*) pref. high, noble, royal ◇ S/428 ◈ arod* [ˈɑrɔd] adj. noble ◇ PM/363, VT/41:9 ◈ arphen* [ˈɑrfɛn] pl. erphin* [ˈɛrfin] n. a noble ◇ WJ/376 ◈ arth* [ˈɑrθ] adj. (unknown meaning, perhaps noble, lofty, exalted) ← Arthedain LotR ◈ brand [brˈɑnd] (brann) adj. 1. lofty, noble, fine ○ 2. high (in size) ◇ Ety/351, TAI/150, X/ND1 ◈ rodwen* [rˈɔdwɛn] n. high virgin noble ◇ WJ/317
noise ◈ glam* [glˈɑm] (glamm*, glamb*) n. 1. barbarous speech, shouting, confused noise ○ 2. din, uproar, the confused yelling and bellowing of beasts ○ 3. by ext. as a coll. noun, any body of orcs ◇ Ety/358, Ety/377, WJ/390, WJ/416
noisy ◈ brui* [brˈuj] adj. loud, noisy ← Bruinen LotR/Index
noose ◈ nŷw* [nˈyːw] (hniof) n. noose ◇ Ety/387, X/IU
north ◈ forn* [fˈɔrn] n. right, north ◇ Ety/382, UT/426, S/431 ◈ forod* [fˈɔrɔd] n. north ◇ Ety/382, S/431, LotR/E ◈ forven [fˈɔrvɛn] n. north ◇ Ety/382 ◈ fuir* [fˈujr] adj. north ◇ VT/42:20
northern ◈ forodren [fɔrˈɔdrɛn] adj. northern ◇ Ety/382
northmen ◈ forodrim [fɔrˈɔdrim] n. class pl. northmen ◇ Ety/392 ◈ forodwaith [fɔrˈɔdwɑjθ] (forodweith) n. pl. 1. northmen ○ 2. by ext. lands of the north ◇ Ety/382, Ety/398, X/EI
nose ◈ bund [bˈund] (bunn) n. 1. snout, nose ○ 2. by ext. cape (of land) ◇ Ety/372, X/ND2 ◈ nem [nˈɛm] (nemb) n. Biol. nose ◇ Ety/376
not ◈ al- [ɑl] pref. no, not ◇ Ety/367 ◈ ú* [ˈuː] pref. no, not (negative prefix or particle) ◇ WJ/369, LotR/A(v)
notion ◈ inc [ˈiŋk] n. guess, idea, notion ◇ Ety/361
novel ◈ sinnarn [sˈinnɑrn] n. novel tale ◇ Ety/385
november ◈ hithui* [hˈiθuj] n. and adj. 1. foggy, misty ○ 2. Cal. as a noun, the month of november ◇ LotR/D
now ◈ si* [si] adv. now ◇ LotR/IV:X, LB/354
number ◈ gwanod [gwˈɑnɔd] n. tale, number ◇ Ety/378
numberless ◈ arnediad [ɑrnˈɛdi.ɑd] (arnœdiad*) adj. innumerable, countless, endless, without reckoning, numberless ◇ Ety/349, Ety/378, S/428
numerous ◈ rem* II [rˈɛm] (rhem, rhemb) adj. frequent, numerous ◇ Ety/383, X/RH
oak ◈ doron [dˈɔrɔn] pl. deren (dœrœn) n. Bot. oak ◇ Ety/355, VT/45:11
oath ◈ gwaedh [gwˈɑɛð] n. bond, troth, compact, oath ◇ Ety/397 ◈ gwest [gwˈɛst] n. oath ◇ Ety/397
oblique ◈ adlant* [ˈɑdlɑnt] (atlant) adj. oblique, slanting ◇ Ety/390, X/TL
obscure ◈ doll [dˈɔll] (dolt) adj. dark, dusky, obscure ◇ Ety/355, Ety/376, X/LD ◈ gwathra-* [gwˈɑθrɑ] v. to overshadow, dim, veil, obscure ◇ VT/42:9 ◈ hethu* [hˈɛθu] (hethw) adj. foggy, obscure, vague ◇ Ety/364, X/W
obstinate ◈ tarlanc [tˈɑrlɑŋk] adj. stiff-necked, obstinate ◇ Ety/390
occasion ◈ lû* [lˈuː] (lhû) n. a time, occasion ◇ Ety/370, X/LH
ocean ◈ gaearon* [gˈɑɛ.ɑrɔn] (gaeron*) n. great sea, ocean ◇ PM/363, PM/348, RGEO/72-73
october ◈ narbeleth* [nˈɑrbɛlɛθ] n. Cal. october (month) ◇ LotR/D
odour ◈ ûl [ˈuːl] n. odour ◇ Ety/378
of ◈ ned* [nɛd] prep. in, of (time, e.g. giving a date) ◇ SD/129-31 ◈ o* I [ɔ] (od*) prep. from, of; preposition (as a proclitic) used in either direction, from or to the point of view of the speaker ◇ Ety/360, WJ/366, WJ/369-70, LotR/II:IV, SD/129-31, RGEO/72 ◈ According to WJ/366, the preposition "is normally o in all positions, though od appears occasionally before vowels, especially before o-". With a suffixed article, see also uin ◈ uin* [ujn] prep. of the ◇ SD/129-31
off ◈ ego* [ˈɛgɔ] interj. be off! ◇ WJ/365
old ◈ brûn [brˈuːn] adj. old, that has long endured, or been established, or in use ◇ Ety/353 ◈ gern [gˈɛrn] adj. worn, old, decripit (used of things only) ◇ Ety/360 ◈ iaur* [jˈɑur] adj. 1. ancient, old, original ○ 2. older, former ◇ Ety/358, Ety/399, S/433, UT/384 ◈ ingem [ˈiŋgɛm] adj. old (of person, in mortal sense: decripit, suffering from old age) ◇ Ety/358, Ety/399, Ety/400 ◈ New word coined by the Elves after meeting with men ◈ iphant* [ˈiffɑnt] (ifant) adj. aged, long-lived, old (with no connotation of weakness) ◇ Ety/358, Ety/399, X/PH
older ◈ iaur* [jˈɑur] adj. 1. ancient, old, original ○ 2. older, former ◇ Ety/358, Ety/399, S/433, UT/384
oldest ◈ iarwain* [jˈɑrwɑjn] adj. oldest ◇ LotR/II:II
on ◈ bo* [bɔ] prep. on ◇ VT/44:21,26 ◈ erin* [ɛrin] prep. on the ◇ SD/129-31 ◈ lim* I [lˈim] adv. (?) on ← noro lim LotR/I:XII, RS/196 ◈ See noro for discussion
one ◈ er- [ɛr] pref. alone, one ◇ VT/42:19 ◈ min I [mˈin] adj. num. one ◇ Ety/373 ◈ pen* II [pɛn] pron. one, somebody, anybody ◇ WJ/376 ◈ Usually enclitic; mutated as ben
open ◈ edra-* [ˈɛdrɑ] v. to open ◈ edro* [ˈɛdrɔ] v. imp. of edra-, open! ◇ Ety/357, LotR/II:IV ◈ laden* [lˈɑdɛn] (lhaden) pl. ledin* [lˈɛdin] (lhedin) adj. open, cleared ◇ Ety/368, X/LH ◈ panna- I [pˈɑnnɑ] v. to open, to enlarge ◈ panno [pˈɑnnɔ] v. inf. of panna- I, to open, to enlarge ◇ Ety/380
opening ◈ dîn II [dˈiːn] n. opening, gap, pass in mountains ◇ Ety/354
oppress ◈ baugla- [bˈɑuglɑ] v. to oppress ◈ bauglo [bˈɑuglɔ] v. inf. of baugla-, to oppress ◇ Ety/372
oppression ◈ thang* [θˈɑŋ] n. compulsion, duress, need, oppression ◇ Ety/388, S/438
oppressive ◈ baug [bˈɑug] adj. tyrannous, cruel, oppressive ◇ Ety/372
oppressor ◈ bauglir [bˈɑuglir] n. tyrant, oppressor ◇ Ety/372
or ◈ egor* [ˈɛgɔr] conj. or ◇ SD/129-31
orc ◈ glam* [glˈɑm] (glamm*, glamb*) n. 1. barbarous speech, shouting, confused noise ○ 2. din, uproar, the confused yelling and bellowing of beasts ○ 3. by ext. as a coll. noun, any body of orcs ◇ Ety/358, Ety/377, WJ/390, WJ/416 ◈ glamhoth* [glˈɑm.hɔθ] n. class pl. barbaric host of Orcs ◇ Ety/358, Ety/364, Ety/377, UT/39, UT/54, WJ/390 ◈ glamog* [glˈɑmɔg] n. sing. of glam, an Orc, "a yelling one" ◇ WJ/390 ◈ orch* [ˈɔrx] pl. yrch* [ˈyrx] (eirch, erch) n. goblin, Orc ◇ Ety/379, LR/406, WJ/390, LotR/II:VI, LotR/F, Letters/178 ◈ orchoth* [ˈɔrxɔθ] n. class pl. of orch, orcs, as a race ◇ WJ/390 ◈ urug* [ˈurug] n. orc (rarely used) ◇ WJ/390 ◈ See also orch
orient ◈ amrûn* [ˈɑmruːn] n. east, orient ◇ Ety/348, Ety/384, S/437, LotR/E
our ◈ mín* II [mˈiːn] (min*) adj. our ◇ VT/44:21,22,28
out ◈ ed- [ɛd] pref. forth, out ◇ Ety/356
outcry ◈ caun* I [kˈɑun] n. outcry, clamor ◇ PM/361-362
outline ◈ cant [kˈɑnt] pl. caint* [kˈɑjnt] n. outline, shape ← morchaint S/432, Ety/362, VT/42:28
over ◈ or- [ɔr] pref. above, over ◇ Ety/379 ◈ or [ɔr] prep. above, over ◇ Ety/379 ◈ thar-* [θɑr] pref. across, athwart, over, beyond ◇ Ety/388, S/438
overshadow ◈ gwathra-* [gwˈɑθrɑ] v. to overshadow, dim, veil, obscure ◇ VT/42:9
overwhelming ◈ taur III [tˈɑur] adj. mighty, vast, overwhelming, huge, awful, high, sublime ◇ Ety/395
own ◈ garn [gˈɑrn] n. own, property ◇ Ety/360
pain ◈ naeg [nˈɑɛg] n. pain ◇ Ety/375 ◈ naegra-* [nˈɑɛgrɑ] v. to pain ◈ naegro* [nˈɑɛgrɔ] (negro) v. inf. of naegra-, to pain ◇ Ety/375, X/Z
pale ◈ gael [gˈɑɛl] adj. pale, glimmering ◇ Ety/358 ◈ maidh [mˈɑjð] (meidh) adj. pale, fallow, fawn ◇ Ety/371, X/EI ◈ malu* [mˈɑlu] (malw) adj. fallow, pale ◇ Ety/386, X/W ◈ nimp [nˈimp] (nim-) adj. pale, white ◇ Ety/378 ◈ thind* [θˈind] (thinn) adj. grey, pale ◇ Ety/392, S/438
palisade ◈ cail* [kˈɑjl] n. fence or palisade of spikes and sharp stakes ◇ UT/282
pallor ◈ niphred* [nˈifrɛd] (nifred) n. pallor, fear ◇ Ety/378, S/435, X/PH
palm ◈ camlann* [kˈɑmlɑnn] (camland) n. palm of hand ◇ Ety/367, X/ND4 ◈ talf* I [tˈɑlv] (dalf) n. palm of hand ◇ Ety/353
parent ◈ odhril [ˈɔðril̡] n. f. parent ◇ Ety/379 ◈ odhron [ˈɔðrɔn] n. m. parent ◇ Ety/379
pass ◈ aglonn* [ˈɑglɔnn] (aglond, aglon) n. defile, pass between high walls ◇ Ety/348, X/ND4 ◈ cîl [kˈiːl] n. cleft, pass between hills, gorge ◇ Ety/365 ◈ cirith* [kˈiriθ] n. cleft, high climbing pass, narrow passage cut through earth or rock ◇ S/387, UT/426, TC/181 ◈ dîn II [dˈiːn] n. opening, gap, pass in mountains ◇ Ety/354
passage ◈ pendrath [pˈɛndrɑθ] (pendrad) n. passage up or down slope, stairway ◇ Ety/380, X/ND3
pasture ◈ nadhor [nˈɑðr̩] n. pasture ◇ Ety/374 ◈ nadhras [nˈɑðrɑs] n. pasture ◇ Ety/374
path ◈ lond* [lˈɔnd] (lonn*, lhonn) n. 1. narrow path or strait ○ 2. by ext. entrance to harbour, land-locked haven ◇ Ety/348, Ety/370, S/434, UT/450, VT/42:10, X/LH, X/ND1 ◈ râd [rˈɑːd] n. path, track ◇ Ety/383 ◈ tarag [tˈɑrɑg] n. 1. horn ○ 2. by ext. steep mountain path ◇ Ety/391
pathway ◈ bâd [bˈɑːd] n. beaten track, pathway ◇ Ety/351
pause ◈ daur* [dˈɑur] n. 1. pause, stop ○ 2. by ext. league (about 3 miles) ◇ UT/279, UT/285 ◈ post [pˈɔst] n. pause, halt, rest, cessation, respite ◇ Ety/382
peace ◈ sîdh [sˈiːð] n. peace ◇ Ety/385
peak ◈ aegas* [ˈɑɛgɑs] (oegas) pl. aegais* [ˈɑɛgɑjs] (oeges) n. mountain peak ◇ Ety/349, X/OE ◈ aeglir* [ˈɑɛglir] (oeglir) n. range of mountain peaks ← Hithaeglir LotR, Ety/349, X/OE ◈ egnas [ˈɛgnɑs] n. 1. sharp point ○ 2. by ext. peak ◇ VT/45:12
pedlar ◈ bachor [bˈɑxr̩] n. pedlar ◇ Ety/372
pen ◈ tegil* [tˈɛgil̡] n. pen ◇ PM/318 ◈ Sindarized form of Quenya tekil, not known to the Sindar until the coming of the Ñoldor (but see however tegol for a possible dialectal variant) ◈ tegol [tˈɛgl̩] (tegl) n. pen ◇ Ety/391 ◈ It is stated in PM/318 that "tegil was a Sindarized form of Quenya tekil "pen", not known to the Sindar until the coming of the Ñoldor". It must be assumed therefore that tegol was either rejected by Tolkien, or that it may perhaps have been considered as a dialectal variant. For a similar case where both a true Sindarin/Noldorin word and a Sindarized form conceivably coexist, see magol and megil "sword" (it is unlikely that weapons were not known to the Sindar)
penetrating ◈ maeg* [mˈɑɛg] adj. sharp, piercing, penetrating, going deep in something ◇ S/434, WJ/337
people ◈ gwaith* [gwˈɑjθ] n. 1. troop of able-bodied men, people ○ 2. by ext. region, wilderness ◇ Ety/398
permission ◈ dâf [dˈɑːv] n. permission ◇ Ety/353
petty ◈ niben* [nˈibɛn] pl. nibin* [nˈibin] adj. small, petty ◇ S/435, WJ/388, WJ/408
piercing ◈ maeg* [mˈɑɛg] adj. sharp, piercing, penetrating, going deep in something ◇ S/434, WJ/337
pilgrim ◈ randír* [rˈɑndiːr] (rhandir) n. m. wanderer, pilgrim ◇ Ety/383, VT/42:13, X/RH
pillar ◈ thafn [θˈɑvn] n. post, wooden pillar ◇ Ety/387
pillow ◈ pesseg [pˈɛssɛg] n. pillow ◇ Ety/366
pimpernel ◈ elanor* [ˈɛlɑnɔr] n. Bot. a flower, a kind of enlarged pimpernel bearing golden and silver flowers ◇ LotR/VI:IX, UT/432, Letters/402
pin ◈ tachol [tˈɑxl̩] (tachl) n. pin, brooch ◇ Ety/389
pine ◈ thôn* [θˈɔːn] (thaun) n. Bot. pine-tree ◇ Ety/392, S/438
pinion ◈ roval* [rˈɔvɑl] (rhofal) pl. rovail* [rˈɔvɑjl] (rhofel) n. pinion, great wing (of eagle) ← Landroval LotR/VI:IV, Ety/382, X/RH
pipe ◈ galenas* [gˈɑlɛnɑs] n. Bot. pipe-weed (leaf) or "westmansweed", a variety of Nicotiana ◇ LotR/V:VIII
pippin ◈ cordof* [kˈɔrdɔv] n. Bot. pippin (seed of certain fruits, or more probably small red apple) ◇ SD/129-31
pit ◈ dath [dˈɑθ] n. hole, pit ◇ Ety/354
pivot ◈ pelthaes [pˈɛl̡θɑɛs] n. pivot ◇ Ety/380, Ety/390
place ◈ dôr* [dˈɔːr] (dor*) n. land, dwelling-place, region where certain people live ◇ Ety/376, S/430, WJ/413, Letters/417, VT/45:38 ◈ The form dor in the Etymologies is a misreading, see VT/45. In composition and in toponyms, the word is nevertheless reduced to Dor
plain ◈ lad* [lˈɑd] n. plain, valley ◇ S/433 ◈ talath* [tˈɑlɑθ] (dalath) n. 1. flat surface, plane ○ 2. flat land, plain, (wide) valley ← Talath Dirnen UT/465, Ety/353, S/437
plane ◈ talath* [tˈɑlɑθ] (dalath) n. 1. flat surface, plane ○ 2. flat land, plain, (wide) valley ← Talath Dirnen UT/465, Ety/353, S/437
plank ◈ pân I [pˈɑːn] pl. pain* [pˈɑjn] (pein) n. plank, fixed board, especially in floor ◇ Ety/380, X/EI
plant ◈ aeglos* [ˈɑɛglɔs] n. 1. Bot. snowthorn, a plant like furze (gorse), but larger and with white flowers ○ 2. Geol. icicle (a pendent spear of ice formed by the freezing of dripping water) ◇ UT/417, LotR/Index ◈ galas [gˈɑlɑs] n. growth, plant ◇ Ety/357 ◈ seregon* [sˈɛrɛgɔn] n. Bot. "Blood of Stone", a plant of the kind called in English "stonecrop", with deep red flowers, that grew on Amon Rûdh ◇ S/437
platform ◈ talan* [tˈɑlɑn] pl. telain* [tˈɛlɑjn] n. wooden platform (in the trees of Lothlórien where the Galadhrim dwelt) ◇ UT/465, LotR/II:VI
play ◈ ganna- [gˈɑnnɑ] v. to play a harp ◈ gannada- [gˈɑnnɑdɑ] v. to play a harp ◈ gannado [gˈɑnnɑdɔ] v. inf. of gannada-, to play a harp ◇ Ety/377 ◈ ganno [gˈɑnnɔ] v. inf. of ganna-, to play a harp ◇ Ety/377 ◈ telia- [tˈɛli.ɑ] (teilia-) v. to play ◈ telien [tˈɛli.ɛn] (teilien) n. sport, play ◇ Ety/395 ◈ telio [tˈɛli.ɔ] (teilio) v. inf. of telia-, to play ◇ Ety/395
poem ◈ glaer [glˈɑɛr] n. long lay, narrative poem ◇ Ety/359 ◈ Written glær (with ae-ligature) in the Etymologies ◈ glîr [glˈiːr] n. song, poem, lay ◇ Ety/359
point ◈ aeg* [ˈɑɛg] n. point ← aeglir, aeglos, etc. ◈ The adjective oeg "sharp, pointed, piercing" from Ety/349 is perhaps rejected: Tolkien later decided that no cognate of Quenya aica "fell, terrible, dire" was used in Sindarin, "though aeg would have been its form if it had occurred" (PM/347). On the other hand, we have words such as aeglos and aeglir, so there must be a noun aeg "point" ◈ ecthel [ˈɛkθɛl̡] (egthel) n. point (of spear) ◇ Ety/388 ◈ egnas [ˈɛgnɑs] n. 1. sharp point ○ 2. by ext. peak ◇ VT/45:12 ◈ ment [mˈɛnt] n. point ◇ Ety/373 ◈ nass [nˈɑss] n. 1. point, (sharp) end ○ 2. angle or corner ◇ Ety/375, VT/45:37 ◈ nasta- [nˈɑstɑ] v. to prick, point, stick, thrust ◇ Ety/375, VT45:37 ◈ thela [θˈɛlɑ] n. point (of spear) ◇ Ety/388 ◈ till [tˈil̡l] (tild) n. horn, point ◇ Ety/393
pointed ◈ megor* [mˈɛgr̩] adj. sharp-pointed ← *megr WJ/337
poison ◈ saew [sˈɑɛw] n. poison ◇ Ety/385
pollen ◈ mâl [mˈɑːl] pl. mail* [mˈɑjl] (meil, mely) n. pollen, yellow powder ◇ Ety/386, X/EI
pondering ◈ idhren [ˈiðrɛn] adj. pondering, wise, thoughtful ◇ Ety/361
pool ◈ ael* [ˈɑɛl] (oel) pl. aelin* [ˈɑɛlin] (oelin) n. lake, pool, mere ◇ Ety/349, S/427, X/OE ◈ both [bˈɔθ] n. puddle, small pool ◇ Ety/372 ◈ lîn* [lˈiːn] (lhîn) n. pool ◇ Ety/369, X/LH ◈ liniath [lˈini.ɑθ] n. coll. of lîn, pools ← Hithliniath WJ/194 ◈ loeg* [lˈɔɛg] n. pool ◇ S/407 ◈ nen* [nˈɛn] pl. nîn* [nˈiːn] n. 1. water (used of a lake, pool or lesser river) ○ 2. by ext. waterland ◇ Ety/376, S/435, UT/457 ◈ rim* II [rˈim] (rhim, rhimb) n. cold pool or lake (in mountains) ◇ Ety/384, X/RH
poor ◈ faeg* [fˈɑɛg] (foeg) adj. mean, poor, bad ◇ Ety/387, X/OE
poplar ◈ tulus [tˈulus] pl. tylys [ˈtylys] n. Bot. poplar-tree ◇ Ety/395
post ◈ tagol* [tˈɑgl̩] n. post, mark ← glandagol VT/42:8, VT/42:28 ◈ thafn [θˈɑvn] n. post, wooden pillar ◇ Ety/387
potter ◈ cennan [kˈɛnnɑn] n. potter ◇ Ety/390
powder ◈ mâl [mˈɑːl] pl. mail* [mˈɑjl] (meil, mely) n. pollen, yellow powder ◇ Ety/386, X/EI
power ◈ balan* [bˈɑlɑn] pl. belain* [bˈɛlɑjn] (belein, belen) n. Theo. Vala, divine power, divinity ◇ Ety/350, S/439, Letters/427, X/EI
praise ◈ egleria-* [ɛglˈɛri.ɑ] v. to glorify, to praise ◈ eglerio* [ɛglˈɛri.ɔ] v. imp. of egleria-, glorify! praise! ◇ LotR/VI:IV, Letters/308
precipice ◈ rhass II [ɹ̥ˈɑss] n. precipice ◇ Ety/363
prick ◈ eitha-* [ˈɛjθɑ] v. 1. to prick with a sharp point, to stab ○ 2. by ext. to treat with scorn, insult ◇ WJ/365 ◈ ercha- [ˈɛrxɑ] v. to prick ◈ ercho [ˈɛrxɔ] v. inf. of ercha-, to prick ◇ Ety/356 ◈ nasta- [nˈɑstɑ] v. to prick, point, stick, thrust ◇ Ety/375, VT45:37
prickle ◈ erch I [ˈɛrx] n. prickle ◇ Ety/356
prince ◈ caun* IV [kˈɑun] pl. conin* [kˈɔnin] n. prince, ruler ◇ LotR/VI:IV, Letters/308 ◈ cund* [kˈund] (cunn) n. Arch. prince ◇ Ety/366, VT/45:24, X/ND1 ◈ ernil* I [ˈɛrnil̡] pl. ernil* n. prince ◇ LotR/VI:IV, Letters/308, UT/428, RGEO/75
prison ◈ band* [bˈɑnd] (bann) n. duress, prison, custody, safe-keeping ◇ Ety/371, S/428, MR/350, X/ND1 ◈ gador [gˈɑdr̩] (gadr) n. prison, dungeon ◇ Ety/358
private ◈ said* [sˈɑjd] adj. private, separate, not common, excluded ◇ VT/42:20
promontory ◈ naith* [nˈɑjθ] pl. natsai [nˈɑtsɑj] n. any formation or projection tapering to a point: a spearhead, gore, wedge, narrow promontory, triangle ◇ Ety/387, UT/282
prone ◈ dadbenn [dˈɑdbɛnn] (dadben) adv. downhill, inclined, prone ◇ Ety/354, Ety/380, X/ND4
prop ◈ tulu [tˈulu] n. support, prop ◇ Ety/395
property ◈ garn [gˈɑrn] n. own, property ◇ Ety/360
protect ◈ beria- [bˈɛri.ɑ] v. to protect ◈ berio [bˈɛri.ɔ] v. inf. of beria-, to protect ◇ Ety/351
province ◈ ardhon* [ˈɑrðɔn] n. 1. great region, province ○ 2. by ext. world ← Calenardhon S/386, PM/348
puddle ◈ both [bˈɔθ] n. puddle, small pool ◇ Ety/372
puff ◈ hwest* [ʍˈɛst] (chwest) n. puff, breath, breeze ◇ Ety/388, X/HW
purpose ◈ thel-* [θˈɛl̡] v. to intend, mean, purpose, resolve, will ◇ WJ/318-319
quarrel ◈ cost [kˈɔst] n. quarrel ◇ Ety/365
quarter ◈ canath* [kˈɑnɑθ] n. 'quarter', silver coin used in Gondor, the fourth part of a 'mirian' → mirian ◇ PM/45
queen ◈ bereth* [bˈɛrɛθ] n. queen, spouse ◇ Ety/351, RGEO/74 ◈ rîn* I [rˈiːn] (rhîn, rhien) n. and adj. 1. crowned ○ 2. by ext. as a noun, crowned lady, queen ◇ Ety/393, Ety/389, X/RH ◈ rîs* [rˈiːs] (rhîs) n. queen ◇ Ety/383, X/RH
quench ◈ luithia-* [lˈujθi.ɑ] v. to quench ← uluithiad SD/62
quenching ◈ luithiad* [lˈujθi.ɑd] ger. of luithia-, quenching ← uluithiad SD/62 ◈ uluithiad* [ulˈujθi.ɑd] adj. unquenchable, without quenching ◇ SD/62
quite ◈ far [fˈɑr] adj. or adv. sufficient, enough, quite ◇ Ety/381
race ◈ nûr II [nˈuːr] n. race ◇ Ety/378
radiance ◈ galad* [gˈɑlɑd] n. light, radiance, glittering, reflection (from jewels, glass or polished metal, or water) ◇ VT/45:13, PM/347, Letters/425 ◈ glaw [glˈɑw] n. radiance ◇ Ety/362 ◈ glawar [glˈɑwɑr] n. Theo. sunlight, radiance (of the golden tree Laurelin) ◇ Ety/368, VT/45:15
radiant ◈ faen* [fˈɑɛn] (foen) adj. radiant, white ◇ Ety/381, X/OE
rain ◈ ross* I [rˈɔss] (rhoss) n. rain ◇ Ety/384, X/RH
rainbow ◈ eiliant [ˈɛjli.ɑnt] (eilianw, eilian) n. rainbow ◇ Ety/360, Ety/400 ◈ See ianu and iant for a discussion ◈ ninniach* [nˈinni.ɑx] n. rainbow ◇ S/387
raise ◈ ortha- [ˈɔrθɑ] pa. t. orthant [ˈɔrθɑnt] v. to raise ◇ Ety/379 ◈ ortho [ˈɔrθɔ] v. inf. of ortha-, to raise ◇ Ety/379
range ◈ lîr* [lˈiːr] (lhîr) n. row, range ◇ Ety/369, X/LH
ransom ◈ danwedh* [dˈɑnwɛð] n. ransom ◇ S/384
rapid ◈ lagor* [lˈɑgr̩] (lhagr) adj. swift, rapid ◇ Ety/367, X/LH
rat ◈ nâr [nˈɑːr] n. rat ◇ Ety/379
rather ◈ sennui* [sˈɛnnuj] adj. rather, instead (used as an adverb?) ◇ SD/129-31
raven ◈ craban* [krˈɑbɑn] pl. crebain* [krˈɛbɑjn] n. kind of crow of large size, raven ◇ LotR/II:III
ravine ◈ falch* [fˈɑlx] n. deep cleft, ravine ← Orfalch Echor UT/468 ◈ iau II [jˈɑu] n. ravine, cleft, gulf ◇ Ety/400 ◈ riss* [rˈiss] (rhis, rhess) n. ravine ◇ Ety/384, X/RH
readiness ◈ hûr [hˈuːr] n. readiness for action, vigour, fiery spirit ◇ Ety/364
realm ◈ ardh [ˈɑrð] n. realm, region ◇ Ety/360
reap ◈ critha- [krˈiθɑ] v. to reap ◈ critho [krˈiθɔ] v. inf. of critha-, to reap ◇ Ety/365
rear ◈ adel [ɑdɛl̡] prep. behind, in rear (of) ◇ Ety/392 ◈ tele [tˈɛlɛ] pl. telei [tˈɛlɛj] n. end, rear, hindmost part ◇ Ety/392
recite ◈ glir- [glˈir] v. to sing, trill, to recite a poem ◈ gliri (corr. glin) [glˈiri] v. inf. of glir-, to sing, trill, to recite a poem ◇ Ety/359, Ety/369
reckon ◈ genedia-* [gɛnˈɛdi.ɑ] v. to reckon ← genediad SD/129-31 ◈ gonod- [gˈɔnɔd] v. to count, count up, reckon, sum up ◇ Ety/378, Ety/399
reckoning ◈ genediad* [gɛnˈɛdi.ɑd] ger. of genedia-, 1. reckoning ○ 2. by ext. calendar ◇ SD/129-31
recount ◈ trenar- [trˈɛnɑr] pa. t. trenor [trˈɛnɔr] (trener) v. to recount, to tell to end ◇ Ety/374 ◈ treneri [trˈɛnɛri] v. inf. of trenar-, to recount, to tell to end ◇ Ety/374
red ◈ born* [bˈɔrn] adj. hot, red ◇ Letters/426-27 ◈ caran* [kˈɑrɑn] adj. red ◇ Ety/362, S/429, LotR/E ◈ coll I [kˈɔll] adj. (golden) red ◇ Ety/365, X/LD ◈ gaer* II [gˈɑɛr] (goer) adj. red, copper-coloured, ruddy ◇ Ety/358, X/OE ◈ naru [nˈɑru] (narw) adj. red ◇ Ety/374, X/W ◈ ruin* [rˈujn] adj. (fiery) red ◇ PM/366
reek ◈ osp [ˈɔsp] n. reek, smoke ◇ Ety/396
reflection ◈ galad* [gˈɑlɑd] n. light, radiance, glittering, reflection (from jewels, glass or polished metal, or water) ◇ VT/45:13, PM/347, Letters/425
refusal ◈ avad* [ˈɑvɑd] ger. of ava-, refusal, reluctance ◇ WJ/371
regiment ◈ gweth [gwˈɛθ] n. 1. manhood ○ 2. by ext. man power, troop of able-bodied men, host, regiment ◇ Ety/398
region ◈ ardh [ˈɑrð] n. realm, region ◇ Ety/360 ◈ ardhon* [ˈɑrðɔn] n. 1. great region, province ○ 2. by ext. world ← Calenardhon S/386, PM/348 ◈ dôr* [dˈɔːr] (dor*) n. land, dwelling-place, region where certain people live ◇ Ety/376, S/430, WJ/413, Letters/417, VT/45:38 ◈ The form dor in the Etymologies is a misreading, see VT/45. In composition and in toponyms, the word is nevertheless reduced to Dor ◈ gardh* [gˈɑrð] n. 1. bounded or defined region ○ 2. by ext. world ◇ WJ/402 ◈ gwaith* [gwˈɑjθ] n. 1. troop of able-bodied men, people ○ 2. by ext. region, wilderness ◇ Ety/398
release ◈ leithia- [lˈɛjθi.ɑ] (lheitho) v. to release ◇ Ety/368, X/LH ◈ leithian* [lˈɛjθi.ɑn] (lheithian) n. release, freeing, release from bondage ◇ Ety/368, S/406, X/LH
reluctance ◈ avad* [ˈɑvɑd] ger. of ava-, refusal, reluctance ◇ WJ/371
remain ◈ dar- [dˈɑr] v. to stay, wait, stop, remain ◈ dartha- [dˈɑrθɑ] v. to wait, stay, last, endure, remain ◇ Ety/353, VT/45:8 ◈ deri [dˈɛri] v. inf. of dar-, to stay, wait, stop, remain ◇ Ety/353
remembrance ◈ rîn* II [rˈiːn] n. remembrance ◇ PM/372
remote ◈ hae* [hˈɑɛ] adj. far, remote, distant ← Gwahaedir PM/186, VT/45:21 ◈ haered* [hˈɑɛrɛd] n. remote distance, the remote ← na-chaered LotR/II:I, RGEO/72 ◈ haeron* [hˈɑɛrɔn] adj. far, remote, distant ◇ PM/273
rend ◈ narcha- [nˈɑrxɑ] v. to rend ◇ Ety/374 ◈ rista-* [rˈistɑ] v. 1. to cut ○ 2. to rend, rip ◈ risto* [rˈistɔ] (rhisto) v. inf. of rista-, 1. to cut ○ 2. to rend, rip ◇ Ety/384, X/RH
reply ◈ dangweth* [dˈɑŋgwɛθ] n. answer, reply giving new information ◇ PM/395
repose ◈ îdh* [ˈiːð] n. rest, repose ◇ WJ/403
resolve ◈ thel-* [θˈɛl̡] v. to intend, mean, purpose, resolve, will ◇ WJ/318-319
resonant ◈ tong [tˈɔŋ] adj. taut, tight (of strings), resonant ◇ Ety/395
respite ◈ post [pˈɔst] n. pause, halt, rest, cessation, respite ◇ Ety/382
response ◈ dambeth* [dˈɑmbɛθ] n. answer, response ◇ PM/395 ◈ In Tolkien's manuscript, this form was rejected in favor of dangweth, with a slightly different meaning. However, it must be assumed that the word is valid per se
rest ◈ îdh* [ˈiːð] n. rest, repose ◇ WJ/403 ◈ post [pˈɔst] n. pause, halt, rest, cessation, respite ◇ Ety/382
retain ◈ heb-* [hˈɛb] v. to retain, keep, do not give away or release, keep hold of ← *khep VT/41:6
reunion ◈ aderthad* [ɑdˈɛrθɑd] ger. of adertha-, reuniting, reunion ◇ S/409
reunite ◈ adertha-* [ɑdˈɛrθɑ] v. to reunite ← Aderthad S/409
reuniting ◈ aderthad* [ɑdˈɛrθɑd] ger. of adertha-, reuniting, reunion ◇ S/409
ride ◈ nor-* [nˈɔr] v. 1. to run ○ 2. by ext. to ride ◈ noro* [nˈɔrɔ] v. imp. of nor-, ride! ← noro lim LotR/I:XII, RS/196 ◈ Untranslated in LotR, but written nora-lim and rendered as "ride on" in RS/196 (though it might not be a literal translation). A verb nor- is attested in the old Gnomish lexicon, PE/11:61, with the meaning "to run, roll"
rider ◈ rochon* [rˈɔxɔn] n. (horse) rider ◇ UT/463
ridge ◈ ceber* [kˈɛbɛr] pl. cebir* [kˈɛbir] n. stake, spike, stone ridge ◇ Ety/363, LotR/II:VIII, S/437 ◈ pinnath* [pˈinnɑθ] n. coll. ridges ◇ LotR/Index
right ◈ fair* II [fˈɑjr] (feir, fœir) n. right (hand) ◇ Ety/382 ◈ forgam [fˈɔrgɑm] adj. right-handed ◇ Ety/382 ◈ forn* [fˈɔrn] n. right, north ◇ Ety/382, UT/426, S/431 ◈ tîr [tˈiːr] adj. straight, right ◇ Ety/391
rigid ◈ tharn [θˈɑrn] adj. sapless, stiff, rigid, withered ◇ Ety/388
ringlet ◈ laws* [lˈɑws] (lhaws) n. hair ringlet ◇ Ety/370, X/LH ◈ loch* [lˈɔx] (lhoch) n. ringlet ◇ Ety/370, X/LH
rip ◈ rista-* [rˈistɑ] v. 1. to cut ○ 2. to rend, rip ◈ risto* [rˈistɔ] (rhisto) v. inf. of rista-, 1. to cut ○ 2. to rend, rip ◇ Ety/384, X/RH
rise ◈ eria- [ˈɛri.ɑ] v. to rise ◈ erio [ˈɛri.ɔ] v. inf. of eria-, to rise ◇ Ety/379
rising ◈ orthad* [ˈɔrθɑd] ger. of ortha-, rising ◇ MR/373
river ◈ celon [kˈɛlɔn] n. river ← Celon (name) Ety/363 ◈ duin* [dˈujn] n. (long and large) river ◇ S/430, LotR/F, TC/179 ◈ ethir* I [ˈɛθir] n. mouth of river, estuary ◇ LotR/II:X, Ety/356 ◈ nen* [nˈɛn] pl. nîn* [nˈiːn] n. 1. water (used of a lake, pool or lesser river) ○ 2. by ext. waterland ◇ Ety/376, S/435, UT/457 ◈ sîr* [sˈiːr] n. river ◇ Ety/385, S/437 ◈ sirion [sˈiri.ɔn] n. great river ← Sirion Ety/385
riverbed ◈ rant* [rˈɑnt] n. 1. lode, vein ○ 2. course, riverbed ◇ Ety/383, S/436 ◈ rath* [rˈɑθ] n. 1. course, riverbed ○ 2. street ◇ Ety/383, LotR/Index
road ◈ men* II [mˈɛn] n. way, road ◇ UT/281
rock ◈ gond* [gˈɔnd] (gonn) n. great stone, rock ◇ Ety/359, S/431, X/ND1
roof ◈ ortheli [ˈɔrθɛli] v. inf. to roof, screen above ◇ Ety/391 ◈ rond* [rˈɔnd] (rhond, rhonn) n. 1. cave ○ 2. vaulted or arched roof, as seen from below (and usually not visible from outside), or a (large) hall of chamber so roofed ◇ Ety/384, S/437, WJ/414, X/RH, X/ND1 ◈ telu [tˈɛlu] n. dome, high roof ◇ Ety/391 ◈ toba- [tˈɔbɑ] v. to cover, roof over ◈ tobo [tˈɔbɔ] v. inf. of toba-, to cover, roof over ◇ Ety/394
roofing ◈ tobas [tˈɔbɑs] n. roofing ◇ Ety/394
root ◈ solch [sˈɔlx] n. Bot. root (especially as edible) ◇ Ety/388 ◈ thond* [θˈɔnd] n. root ◇ LotR/E, Letters/178
rope ◈ hithlain* [hˈiθlɑjn] n. mist-thread, a substance used by the Elves of Lothlórien to make strong ropes ◇ LotR/II:VIII, LotR/Index ◈ raph* [rˈɑf] n. rope ← Udalraph UT/424
rose ◈ meril* [mˈɛril̡] n. Bot. rose (flower) ◇ SD/129-31
rotten ◈ thaw [θˈɑw] adj. corrupt, rotten ◇ Ety/393
round ◈ corn [kˈɔrn] adj. round, globed ◇ Ety/365
row ◈ lîr* [lˈiːr] (lhîr) n. row, range ◇ Ety/369, X/LH ◈ tî [tˈiː] n. line, row ◇ Ety/392
royal ◈ ara-* [ɑrɑ] (ar-*) pref. high, noble, royal ◇ S/428 ◈ arn* [ˈɑrn] adj. royal ← arn(a)gon-ath Letters/427 ◈ See also arnen
ruddy ◈ crann [krˈɑnn] adj. ruddy (of face) ◇ Ety/362 ◈ gaer* II [gˈɑɛr] (goer) adj. red, copper-coloured, ruddy ◇ Ety/358, X/OE ◈ gruin [grˈujn] adj. ruddy ◇ Ety/384
ruler ◈ caun* IV [kˈɑun] pl. conin* [kˈɔnin] n. prince, ruler ◇ LotR/VI:IV, Letters/308
ruling ◈ conui* [kˈɔnuj] adj. commanding, ruling (?) ← Argonui LotR/A(ii)
run ◈ nor-* [nˈɔr] v. 1. to run ○ 2. by ext. to ride
rune ◈ angerthas* [ɑŋgˈɛrθɑs] n. Ling. runic alphabet, long rune-rows (extended version of the Cirth) ◇ S/427, LotR/E ◈ certh* [kˈɛrθ] pl. cirth* [kˈirθ] n. rune ◇ WJ/396, LotR/E ◈ certhas* [kˈɛrθɑs] n. Ling. runic alphabet, rune-rows ◇ LotR/E
running ◈ cell* [kˈɛl̡l] adj. 1. running ○ 2. by ext. flowing (of water) ← Celduin LotR/Map
rushing ◈ alag [ˈɑlɑg] adj. rushing, impetuous ◇ Ety/348, VT/45:5 ◈ asgar [ˈɑsgɑr] (ascar) adj. violent, rushing, impetuous ◇ Ety/386
rustling ◈ lhoss* [ɬɔˈss] (floss, thloss) n. whisper or rustling sound ◇ Ety/386, X/LH ◈ rhoss* II [ɹ̥ˈɔss] (thross) n. whisper or rustling sound ◇ Ety/386, X/RH
sad ◈ dem [dˈɛm] adj. sad, gloomy ◇ Ety/354 ◈ No language indication in the Etymologies, but Noldorin from context and phonological evidence ◈ naer* [nˈɑɛr] (noer) adj. sad, lamentable ◇ Ety/375, X/OE ◈ nûr* III [nˈuːr] adj. sad ← Núrnen UT/458 ◈ This word is interpolated from Christopher Tolkien's index to UT. But for a complete discussion, see ETdM/IV:160 §147. The meaning of Núrnen remains highly hypothetical
safe ◈ band* [bˈɑnd] (bann) n. duress, prison, custody, safe-keeping ◇ Ety/371, S/428, MR/350, X/ND1
saga ◈ narn* [nˈɑrn] pl. nern* [nˈɛrn] n. a tale or a saga, that is told in verse to be spoken and not sung ◇ Ety/374, WJ/313, MR/373, S/412
sail ◈ revia-* [rˈɛvi.ɑ] v. 1. to fly, sail ○ 2. to wander ◈ revio* [rˈɛvi.ɔ] (rhevio (corr. rhenio)) v. inf. of revia-, 1. to fly, sail ○ 2. to wander ◇ Ety/382, X/RH
sailor ◈ cirion* [kˈiri.ɔn] n. m. shipman, sailor ← Cirion (name)
salve ◈ glaew [glˈɑɛw] n. salve ◇ Ety/369
sanctuary ◈ iaun [jˈɑun] n. holy place, fane, sanctuary ◇ Ety/400
sand ◈ lith* [lˈiθ] n. ash, sand, dust ◇ Ety/369, S/434, TC/178
sapless ◈ tharn [θˈɑrn] adj. sapless, stiff, rigid, withered ◇ Ety/388
saving ◈ edraith* [ˈɛdrɑjθ] n. saving ◇ LotR/II:IV, TI/175
say ◈ ped-* [pˈɛd] pa. t. pent* [pˈɛnt] v. to speak, to say ← pedo, arphent LotR/II:IV, TL/21:09 ◈ pedo* [pˈɛdɔ] v. imp. of ped-, speak! say! ◇ LotR/II:IV, Letters/424
scion ◈ ion* [jˈɔn] (iond*, ionn) n. m. 1. son ○ 2. by ext. scion, male descendant ◇ Ety/400, MR/373, X/ND1, X/ND2 ◈ For the second meaning, cf. Hadorion, a Húrin's epithet in WJ/294, Hurinionath referring to the house of Húrin the Steward in PM/202-3,218, and Gil-Galad's epithet Ereinion, cf. also the gloss of the old Qenya cognate yondo "descendant of" in PE/12:106, or the use of the same suffix in later Quenya names such as Isildurioni and Anárioni "Heirs of Isildur (resp. Anárion)" in PM/192,196
scorn ◈ eitha-* [ˈɛjθɑ] v. 1. to prick with a sharp point, to stab ○ 2. by ext. to treat with scorn, insult ◇ WJ/365 ◈ iaew [jˈɑɛw] n. mocking, scorn ◇ Ety/400
scratch ◈ rhib-* II [ɹ̥ib-] v. to scratch ◈ rhibi* [ɹ̥ˈibi] (thribi) v. inf. of rhib- II, to scratch ◇ Ety/387, X/RH
screen ◈ esgal* [ˈɛsgɑl] n. veil, screen, cover that hides ◇ S/431 ◈ haltha- [hˈɑlθɑ] v. to screen ◇ Ety/386 ◈ ortheli [ˈɔrθɛli] v. inf. to roof, screen above ◇ Ety/391
sea ◈ aear* [ˈɑɛ.ɑr] n. sea ◈ Tolkien changed this word several times, see gaear ◈ aearon* [ˈɑɛ.ɑrɔn] n. great sea, ocean ◈ Tolkien changed this word several times, see gaearon ◈ aer* I [ˈɑɛr] n. sea ◈ Tolkien changed this word several times, see aear, gaear ◈ gaear* [gˈɑɛ.ɑr] (oear) n. sea ◇ Ety/349, PM/363, RGEO/73 ◈ gaearon* [gˈɑɛ.ɑrɔn] (gaeron*) n. great sea, ocean ◇ PM/363, PM/348, RGEO/72-73 ◈ gaer* III [gˈɑɛr] (oer) n. sea ◇ Ety/349, S/431, PM/363
seashell ◈ half [hˈɑlv] n. seashell ◇ Ety/389
season ◈ echuir* [ˈɛxujr] n. Cal. a season, the beginning of spring ◇ LotR/D, SD/129-31 ◈ ethuil* [ˈɛθujl] n. Cal. season of spring ◇ LotR/D, SD/129-31 ◈ firith* [fˈiriθ] n. Cal. season of fading ◇ LotR/D ◈ iavas* [jˈɑvɑs] n. Cal. season of autumn ◇ LotR/D ◈ laer* I [lˈɑɛr] n. Cal. season of summer ◇ LotR/D ◈ lasbelin* [lˈɑsbɛlin] (lhasbelin) n. Cal. season of autumn ◇ Ety/366-367, X/LH ◈ rhîw* [ɹ̥ˈiːw] n. Cal. winter season ◇ LotR/D
seaweed ◈ gaeruil* [gˈɑɛrujl] (oeruil) n. Bot. seaweed ← gaer PM/363, Ety/396 ◈ uil [ˈujl] n. Bot. seaweed ◇ Ety/396 ◈ See also gaeruil
second ◈ edwen* [ˈɛdwɛn] adj. num. second ◇ SD/129-31 ◈ tadui* [tˈɑduj] adj. num. second ◇ VT/42:10 ◈ taid* [tˈɑjd] adj. second (in the sense of supporting, second in command) ◇ VT/42:25
secret ◈ thurin [θˈurin] adj. secret, hidden ◇ LB/304, Ety/394
see ◈ cen- [kˈɛn] v. to see ← cenedril TI/184 ◈ tíra-* [tˈiːrɑ] v. to see ← tírad SD/129-31 ◈ tírad* [tˈiːrɑd] ger. of tíra-, to see, for the seing ◇ SD/129-31
seed ◈ cordof* [kˈɔrdɔv] n. Bot. pippin (seed of certain fruits, or more probably small red apple) ◇ SD/129-31 ◈ eredh [ˈɛrɛð] n. seed, germ ◇ Ety/356
seeing ◈ cened [kˈɛnɛd] ger. of cen-, seeing, sight ← cenedril TI/184
seem ◈ thia- [θˈi.ɑ] v. to appear, seem ◈ thio [θˈi.ɔ] v. inf. of thia-, to seem ◇ Ety/392
seing ◈ tírad* [tˈiːrɑd] ger. of tíra-, to see, for the seing ◇ SD/129-31
separate ◈ said* [sˈɑjd] adj. private, separate, not common, excluded ◇ VT/42:20
september ◈ ivanneth* [ivˈɑnnɛθ] n. Cal. september (month) ◇ LotR/D
serpent ◈ lhûg* [ɬˈuːg] n. Zool. snake, serpent ◇ Ety/370, S/434 ◈ limlug* [lˈimlug] (lhimlug) n. fish-dragon, sea-serpent ◇ Ety/370, X/LH
serve ◈ buia- [bˈuj.ɑ] v. to serve, to hold allegiance to ◈ buio [bˈuj.ɔ] v. inf. of buia-, to serve, to hold allegiance to ◇ Ety/353
set ◈ penia- [pˈɛni.ɑ] v. to fix, to set ◈ penio [pˈɛni.ɔ] v. inf. of penia-, to fix, to set ◇ Ety/380
seven ◈ odog* [ˈɔdɔg] adj. num. seven ◇ Ety/379, VT/42:25
seventh ◈ odothui* [ˈɔdɔθuj] adj. num. seventh ◇ TI/312, WR/436, VT:42:25 ◈ See also othui ◈ othui* [ˈɔθuj] adj. num. seventh ◇ VT/42:10,25
shade ◈ gwath* [gwˈɑθ] n. 1. shade, shadow, dim light ○ 2. stain ◇ Ety/397, S/432 ◈ lum* [lˈum] (lhum) n. shade ◇ Ety/370, X/LH
shadow ◈ dae* [dˈɑɛ] n. shadow ◇ Ety/354, S/430 ◈ dúath* [dˈuːɑθ] (dúwath) n. coll. of dû, 1. darkness, shadow ○ 2. nightshade ◇ Ety/354, S/430 ◈ guruthos* [gˈuruθɔs] n. the shadow of death, death-horror ← di-nguruthos LotR/IV:X, RGEO/72, Letters/278 ◈ gwath* [gwˈɑθ] n. 1. shade, shadow, dim light ○ 2. stain ◇ Ety/397, S/432 ◈ morchant* [mˈɔrxɑnt] pl. morchaint* [mˈɔrxɑjnt] n. shadow (of objects, cast by light), dark shape ◇ S/432, VT/42:9
shadowed ◈ hall II [hˈɑll] adj. veiled, hidden, shadowed, shady ◇ Ety/386
shadowy ◈ gwathren* [gwˈɑθrɛn] pl. gwethrin* [gwˈɛθrin] adj. shadowy, dim ← Ered Wethrin S/432, VT/42:9 ◈ gwathui* [gwˈɑθuj] adj. shadowy ← Gwathuirim PM/330
shady ◈ hall II [hˈɑll] adj. veiled, hidden, shadowed, shady ◇ Ety/386 ◈ lumren* [lˈumrɛn] (lhumren) adj. shady ◇ Ety/370, X/LH
shape ◈ auth* II [ˈɑuθ] n. a dim shape, spectral or vague apparition ◇ VT/42:9 ◈ cant [kˈɑnt] pl. caint* [kˈɑjnt] n. outline, shape ← morchaint S/432, Ety/362, VT/42:28
shaped ◈ cadu* [kˈɑdu] (cadw) adj. shaped, formed ◇ Ety/362-363, X/W
shapely ◈ cadwor [kˈɑdwr̩] (cadwar) adj. shapely ◇ Ety/363 ◈ maed* I [mˈɑɛd] adj. shapely ◇ PM/366, VT/41:10
shaping ◈ cannas [kˈɑnnɑs] n. shaping ← Dorgannas WJ/192, WJ/206
she ◈ he [hɛ] (hen, hene) pl. hîn [hiːn] pron. she ◇ Ety/385
shield ◈ thand* [θˈɑnd] n. shield ← thangail UT/281-282 ◈ thangail* [θˈɑŋgɑjl] n. shield-fence, a battle formation of the Dúnedain ◇ UT/281-282
shine ◈ síla- [sˈiːlɑ] v. to shine white
ship ◈ cair* [kˈɑjr] (ceir) n. ship ◇ Ety/365, LotR/A(iv), X/EI
shipbuilder ◈ círdan* [kˈirdɑn] (cirdan, ceirdan) n. shipbuilder ◇ Ety/365, Ety/390, LotR/VI:IX
shipman ◈ cirion* [kˈiri.ɔn] n. m. shipman, sailor ← Cirion (name)
shire ◈ trann* [trˈɑnn] n. shire, administrative district, division of a realm ← i-Drann SD/129-31 ◈ trannail* [trˈɑnnɑjl] adj. of a shire ← genediad Drannail SD/129-31
shore ◈ falas* [fˈɑlɑs] pl. felais* [fˈɛlɑjs] (feles) n. 1. beach, shore, line of surf ○ 2. as a proper noun, the western coast of Beleriand ◇ Ety/381, S/431, X/EI ◈ falathren* [fɑlˈɑθrɛn] n. and adj. 1. of the shore ○ 2. Ling. as a noun, Shore-language (one of the names for Common Speech) ◇ Ety/381, PM/32, PM/55 ◈ habad [hˈɑbɑd] pl. hebaid* [hˈɛbɑjd] (hebeid) n. shore ◇ Ety/386, X/EI
short ◈ estent* [ˈɛstɛnt] adj. (very?) short ◇ UT/146, WJ/311, WJ/315 ◈ See also then and thent. The slash sign in minlamad thent/estent might indicate either variant forms of an adjective, or a sequence of two short verse units, possibly of alliterating half-lines, see Tolkien's Legendarium p. 122 ◈ then* [θˈɛn] adj. short ◇ VT/42:29 ◈ See also thent and estent ◈ thent* [θˈɛnt] adj. short ◇ Ety/388, UT/146, WJ/311, WJ/315 ◈ See also then and estent
shortness ◈ thinnas [θˈinnɑs] n. Ling. "shortness" (name of a mark indicating short quality of vowel) ◇ Ety/388
shout ◈ can-* [kˈɑn] v. to cry out, shout, call ◇ PM/361-362
shouting ◈ glam* [glˈɑm] (glamm*, glamb*) n. 1. barbarous speech, shouting, confused noise ○ 2. din, uproar, the confused yelling and bellowing of beasts ○ 3. by ext. as a coll. noun, any body of orcs ◇ Ety/358, Ety/377, WJ/390, WJ/416
shudder ◈ gir- [gˈir] v. to shudder ◈ giri [gˈiri] v. inf. of gir-, to shudder ◇ Ety/358
shuddering ◈ girith* [gˈiriθ] n. shuddering, horror ◇ Ety/358, S/431
sick ◈ caeleb [kˈɑɛlɛb] adj. bedridden, sick ◇ Ety/363 ◈ lhaew* [ɬˈɑɛw] (thlaew, thloew, flaew) adj. sickly, sick, ill ◇ Ety/386, X/OE, X/LH
sickle ◈ cerch [kˈɛrx] n. sickle ◇ Ety/365
sickly ◈ gem [gˈɛm] (gemb) adj. sickly ◇ Ety/358 ◈ lhaew* [ɬˈɑɛw] (thlaew, thloew, flaew) adj. sickly, sick, ill ◇ Ety/386, X/OE, X/LH
sickness ◈ cael [kˈɑɛl] n. lying in bed, sickness ◇ Ety/363 ◈ lhîw* [ɬˈiːw] (fliw, thliw) n. sickness ◇ Ety/386, X/LH ◈ paw [pˈɑw] n. sickness ◇ Ety/366
side ◈ nef* [nɛv] prep. on this side of ◇ LotR/II:I, RGEO/72
sight ◈ cened [kˈɛnɛd] ger. of cen-, seeing, sight ← cenedril TI/184
sign ◈ andaith* [ˈɑndɑjθ] (andeith) n. long-mark, sign used in writing alphabetic tengwar over a vowel, to indicate that it is lengthened. ◇ LotR/E, Ety/391, X/EI ◈ gammas [gˈɑmmɑs] n. Ling. s-sign (special sign used to mark a final -s in Tengwar) ◇ VT/45:14 ◈ gasdil [gˈɑsdil̡] n. Ling. "stopgap", name of a diacritic sign used to indicate that g had been lenited to zero ◇ Ety/354, Ety/357 ◈ têw* [tˈɛːw] pl. tîw* [tˈiːw] n. letter, written sign ◇ Ety/391, WJ/396, LotR/II:IV, LotR/E, Letters/427
silence ◈ dîn* I [dˈiːn] n. silence ◇ S/430, LB/354 ◈ Adjectival use seems to be attested in several place names (Amon Dín "Silent Hill", etc.), though an adjective dínen is also attested
silent ◈ dínen* [dˈiːnɛn] adj. silent ◇ S/430, WJ/194
silver ◈ celeb* [kˈɛlɛb] n. silver ◇ Ety/367, S/429, LotR/E, Letters/426 ◈ celebren [kɛlˈɛbrɛn] pl. celebrin* [kɛlˈɛbrin] adj. like silver (in hue or worth) ◇ Ety/367, S/429 ◈ celevon [kˈɛlɛvn̩] (celefn) adj. of silver ◇ Ety/367 ◈ ithildin* [iθˈil̡din] n. a silver-colored substance, which mirrors only starlight and moonlight ◇ LotR/II:IV ◈ mithril* [mˈiθril̡] n. true-silver, a silver-like metal ◇ LotR
simbelmynë ◈ uilos* [ˈujlɔs] n. and adj. 1. always white, ever white as snow ○ 2. Bot. as a noun, a small white everlasting flower also called simbelmynë, evermind, alfirin ◇ RGEO/74, Letters/278, UT/55 ◈ See also alfirin
sin ◈ úgarth* [ˈuːgɑrθ] pl. úgerth* [ˈuːgɛrθ] n. bad deed, sin, trespass ◇ VT/44:21,28
sinew ◈ tû [tˈuː] n. muscle, sinew, vigour, physical strength ◇ Ety/394
sing ◈ glir- [glˈir] v. to sing, trill, to recite a poem ◈ gliri (corr. glin) [glˈiri] v. inf. of glir-, to sing, trill, to recite a poem ◇ Ety/359, Ety/369 ◈ linna-* [lˈinnɑ] v. to sing ← linnathon LotR/II:I ◈ linnathon* [lˈinnɑθɔn] v. 1st of linna-, I will sing, I will chant ◇ LotR/II:I, RGEO/72 ◈ linnon* [lˈinnɔn] v. 1st of linna-, I sing ◇ LB/354
single ◈ erui* [ˈɛruj] adj. 1. single, alone ○ 2. by ext. first (incorrect use by the Gondorians) ◇ TI/312, WR/436, VT/42:10 ◈ The proper word for first in Sindarin was minui ◈ minai* [mˈinɑj] (minei) adj. single, distinct, unique ◇ Ety/373, X/EI
sister ◈ gwathel [gwˈɑθɛl̡] pl. gwethil [gwˈɛθil̡] n. f. sister, associate ◇ Ety/392 ◈ muinthel [mˈujnθɛl̡] pl. muinthil [mˈujnθil̡] n. f. sister ◇ Ety/392 ◈ thêl [θˈɛːl] pl. thelei n. f. sister ◇ Ety/392
sit ◈ havo† v. imp. sit! ◇ [PJ-Movie] ◈ Dialogs: Council of Elrond (source: Gwaith i Phethdain). Derived from Ety/363 (KHAM), where Christopher Tolkien only lists Q. ham- ("the other derivatives are too chaotic and unclear to present"). Other scholars rather proposed *har- for this verb, on the model of Q. hárar "they sit" (UT/305,317)
six ◈ eneg* [ˈɛnɛg] adj. num. six ◇ Ety/356, VT/42:25
sixth ◈ enchui* [ˈɛnxuj] adj. num. sixth ◇ VT/42:25,27
skill ◈ curu [kˈuru] (curw) n. craft, skill ◇ Ety/366, X/W
skilled ◈ maed* II [mˈɑɛd] (moed) adj. handy, skilled ◇ Ety/371, X/OE ◈ maen [mˈɑɛn] adj. skilled, clever ◇ Ety/371
skin ◈ flâd* [flˈɑːd] n. skin ← Fladrif LotR/E, TC/169, TC/173
sky ◈ menel* [mˈɛnɛl̡] n. sky, high heaven, firmament, the region of the stars ◇ LotR/II:I, LotR/IV:X, LB/354, RGEO/72, VT/44:21,23-24
slain ◈ dangen [dˈɑŋgɛn] pp. of dag-, slain ◇ Ety/375
slant ◈ adlanna-* [ɑdlˈɑnnɑ] v. to slope, slant ◈ adlanno* [ɑdlˈɑnnɔ] (atlanno) v. inf. of adlanna-, to slope, slant ◇ Ety/390, X/TL ◈ penna-* [pˈɛnnɑ] v. to slant down ◇ LotR/II:I, RGEO/72
slanting ◈ adlant* [ˈɑdlɑnt] (atlant) adj. oblique, slanting ◇ Ety/390, X/TL
slave ◈ mûl [mˈuːl] n. slave, thrall ◇ Ety/373
slay ◈ dag- [dˈɑg] v. to slay ◈ degi [dˈɛgi] v. inf. of dag-, to slay ◇ Ety/375
slayer ◈ dagnir* [dˈɑgnir] n. 1. slayer ○ 2. by ext. bane ◇ S/430
slender ◈ fim* [fˈim] adj. slim, slender ← Fimbrethil LotR/Index ◈ lhind* II [ɬˈind] (thlind, thlinn) adj. fine, slender ◇ Ety/386, X/LH, X/ND1 ◈ nind* [nˈind] (ninn) adj. slender ◇ Ety/378, X/ND1 ◈ trîw [trˈiːw] adj. fine, slender ◇ Ety/392
slim ◈ fim* [fˈim] adj. slim, slender ← Fimbrethil LotR/Index
sling ◈ hadlath [hˈɑdlɑθ] (haglath) n. sling ◇ Ety/363, Ety/368, X/TL
slipping ◈ talt [tˈɑlt] adj. slipping, falling, insecure ◇ Ety/390
slope ◈ adlanna-* [ɑdlˈɑnnɑ] v. to slope, slant ◈ adlanno* [ɑdlˈɑnnɔ] (atlanno) v. inf. of adlanna-, to slope, slant ◇ Ety/390, X/TL ◈ talad [tˈɑlɑd] n. an incline, slope ◇ Ety/390
sloping ◈ adlann* [ˈɑdlɑnn] (atland) adj. sloping, tilted ◇ Ety/390, X/TL, X/ND4
slot ◈ rein* I [rˈɛjn] (rhein, rhœin) n. slot, spoor, track, footprint ◇ Ety/384, X/RH
small ◈ niben* [nˈibɛn] pl. nibin* [nˈibin] adj. small, petty ◇ S/435, WJ/388, WJ/408
smith ◈ mírdan* [mˈiːrdɑn] pl. mírdain* [mˈiːrdɑjn] n. jewel-smith ◇ S/401
smoke ◈ osp [ˈɔsp] n. reek, smoke ◇ Ety/396
smooth ◈ path [pˈɑθ] adj. smooth ◇ Ety/380
snake ◈ lhûg* [ɬˈuːg] n. Zool. snake, serpent ◇ Ety/370, S/434 ◈ lŷg (corr. lyg) * [lˈyːg] n. Zool. snake ◇ LotR/E
snarch ◈ ritha-* [rˈiθɑ] v. to jerk, twitch, snarch ◈ ritho* [rˈiθɔ] (rhitho) v. inf. of ritha-, to jerk, twitch, snarch ◇ Ety/383, X/RH
snout ◈ bund [bˈund] (bunn) n. 1. snout, nose ○ 2. by ext. cape (of land) ◇ Ety/372, X/ND2
snow ◈ gloss* [glˈɔss] adj. snow-white, dazzling-white ◇ Ety/359, RGEO/70, VT/42:18 ◈ loss* [lˈɔss] n. snow (especially fallen or long-lying snow) ◇ S/434, VT/42:18, RGEO/70
snowdrop ◈ nínim [nˈiːnim] n. Bot. snowdrop (flower) ◇ Ety/367 ◈ niphredil* [nˈifrɛdil̡] (nifredil) n. Bot. a pale winter flower, snowdrop ◇ Ety/376, Ety/378, LotR/II:VI, Letters/402, X/PH
snowthorn ◈ aeglos* [ˈɑɛglɔs] n. 1. Bot. snowthorn, a plant like furze (gorse), but larger and with white flowers ○ 2. Geol. icicle (a pendent spear of ice formed by the freezing of dripping water) ◇ UT/417, LotR/Index
snowy ◈ lossen* [lˈɔssɛn] adj. snowy ◇ RGEO/70
soap ◈ glûdh (corr. glúdh) [glˈuːð] n. soap ◇ Ety/369
socket ◈ taew [tˈɑɛw] n. holder, socket, hasp, clasp, staple ◇ Ety/390
soft ◈ moe [mˈɔɛ] adj. soft ◇ Ety/371
soil ◈ cef [kˈɛv] pl. ceif [kˈɛjv] n. soil ◇ Ety/363 ◈ gwatha- [gwˈɑθɑ] v. to soil, stain ◈ gwatho [gwˈɑθɔ] v. inf. of gwatha-, to soil, stain ◇ Ety/397 ◈ maw [mˈɑw] (hmaes) n. soil, stain ◇ Ety/386
soiled ◈ gwaur [gwˈɑur] n. soiled, dirty ◇ Ety/397
soldier ◈ daug [dˈɑug] n. warrior, soldier (chiefly used of orcs) ◇ Ety/375
sole ◈ tellen [tˈɛl̡lɛn] (tellein, tellœin) n. sole of foot ◇ Ety/384, Ety/390
sombre ◈ dûr* [dˈuːr] pl. duir* [dˈujr] adj. dark, sombre ◇ Ety/354, S/430, UT/434
somebody ◈ pen* II [pɛn] pron. one, somebody, anybody ◇ WJ/376 ◈ Usually enclitic; mutated as ben
son ◈ ion* [jˈɔn] (iond*, ionn) n. m. 1. son ○ 2. by ext. scion, male descendant ◇ Ety/400, MR/373, X/ND1, X/ND2 ◈ For the second meaning, cf. Hadorion, a Húrin's epithet in WJ/294, Hurinionath referring to the house of Húrin the Steward in PM/202-3,218, and Gil-Galad's epithet Ereinion, cf. also the gloss of the old Qenya cognate yondo "descendant of" in PE/12:106, or the use of the same suffix in later Quenya names such as Isildurioni and Anárioni "Heirs of Isildur (resp. Anárion)" in PM/192,196 ◈ iôn* [jˈɔːn] n. son ◇ WJ/337 ◈ ionnath* [jˈɔnnɑθ] n. coll. of ion, all the sons ◇ SD/129-31
song ◈ aerlinn* [ˈɑɛrlinn] n. (unknown meaning, perhaps a song about the sea, or possibly holy song) ◇ RGEO/70, X/ND4 ◈ glîr [glˈiːr] n. song, poem, lay ◇ Ety/359 ◈ laer* II [lˈɑɛr] n. song ← Laer Cú Beleg S/406
sorcery ◈ gûl* [gˈuːl] n. 1. magic lore, long study (being used mostly of secret knowledge, especially such as possessed by artificers who made wonderful things) ○ 2. by ext. perverted or evil knowledge, sorcery, necromancy ◇ Ety/377, S/432, MR/350, WJ/383 ◈ guldur* [gˈuldur] n. (dark) sorcery ◈ morgul* [mˈɔrgul] n. black arts, sorcery, necromancy ◇ Ety/377, S/432, WJ/383, MR/350
sound ◈ nella- [nˈɛl̡lɑ] v. to sound bells ◇ Ety/379 ◈ romru* [rˈɔmru] (rhomru) n. sound of horns ◇ Ety/384, X/RH ◈ rû* [rˈuː] (rhû) n. Arch., Poet. loud-sound, trumpet-sound ◇ Ety/384, X/RH
soup ◈ salph* [sˈɑlf] (salf) n. broth, liquid food, soup ◇ Ety/385, X/PH
source ◈ celu* [kˈɛlu] (celw) n. spring, source ◇ Ety/363, X/W
south ◈ harad* [hˈɑrɑd] n. south ◇ Ety/365, S/432, LotR/E
southern ◈ dúven [dˈuːvɛn] pl. dúvin [dˈuːvin] adj. southern(?) ◇ Ety/376, VT/45:38 ◈ haradren [hɑrˈɑdrɛn] adj. southern ◇ Ety/365 ◈ harn I [hˈɑrn] adj. southern ◇ Ety/365
southerners ◈ haradrim* [hɑrˈɑdrim] n. class pl. southerners, "southrons" ◇ LotR
southrons ◈ haradrim* [hɑrˈɑdrim] n. class pl. southerners, "southrons" ◇ LotR
sow ◈ redhi* [rˈɛði] (rhedhi) v. inf. to sow ◇ Ety/383, X/RH
space ◈ land* I [lˈɑnd] (lhand) adj. open space, level ◇ Ety/368, X/LH, X/ND1 ◈ pathu* [pˈɑθu] (pathw) n. level space, sward ◇ Ety/380, X/W
spark ◈ gîl (corr. geil) [gˈiːl] (gil*) pl. geil (corr. gîl) (gail*) n. star, bright spark ◇ Ety/358, LotR/E, S/431, RGEO/73, X/EI ◈ gildin [gˈil̡din] n. silver spark ◇ Ety/393 ◈ tint [tˈint] n. spark ◇ Ety/393 ◈ tinu* [tˈinu] (tinw) n. spark, small star ◇ Ety/393, X/W
sparkling ◈ lim* II [lˈim] adj. clear, sparkling, light ◇ WJ/337 ◈ míriel* [mˈiːri.ɛl̡] part. sparkling like a jewel ◇ RGEO/64, LotR/II:I
speak ◈ ped-* [pˈɛd] pa. t. pent* [pˈɛnt] v. to speak, to say ← pedo, arphent LotR/II:IV, TL/21:09 ◈ pedo* [pˈɛdɔ] v. imp. of ped-, speak! say! ◇ LotR/II:IV, Letters/424
spear ◈ ecthel [ˈɛkθɛl̡] (egthel) n. point (of spear) ◇ Ety/388 ◈ hador* [hˈɑdr̩] n. thrower (of spears and darts) ◇ Ety/363, WJ/234 ◈ hadron [hˈɑdrɔn] n. m. thrower (of spears and darts) ◇ Ety/363 ◈ thela [θˈɛlɑ] n. point (of spear) ◇ Ety/388
spearhead ◈ naith* [nˈɑjθ] pl. natsai [nˈɑtsɑj] n. any formation or projection tapering to a point: a spearhead, gore, wedge, narrow promontory, triangle ◇ Ety/387, UT/282
spearpoint ◈ aith [ˈɑjθ] n. spearpoint ◇ Ety/355
speech ◈ glam* [glˈɑm] (glamm*, glamb*) n. 1. barbarous speech, shouting, confused noise ○ 2. din, uproar, the confused yelling and bellowing of beasts ○ 3. by ext. as a coll. noun, any body of orcs ◇ Ety/358, Ety/377, WJ/390, WJ/416
speed ◈ hortha- [hˈɔrθɑ] v. to urge on, speed ◇ Ety/364
spell ◈ lûth* [lˈuːθ] (lhûth) n. spell, charm ◇ Ety/370, X/LH
spider ◈ lhing* [ɬˈiŋ] (thling) n. spider, spider's web, cobweb ◇ Ety/386, X/LH ◈ lhingril* [ɬˈiŋgril̡] (thlingril) n. spider ◇ Ety/386, X/LH ◈ ungol* [ˈuŋgl̩] n. spider ◇ Ety/366, WR/202, LotR
spike ◈ caraes [kˈɑrɑɛs] n. jagged hedge of spikes ← Helcharaes Ety/362 ◈ carag [kˈɑrɑg] n. spike, tooth of rock ◇ Ety/362 ◈ ceber* [kˈɛbɛr] pl. cebir* [kˈɛbir] n. stake, spike, stone ridge ◇ Ety/363, LotR/II:VIII, S/437
spindrift ◈ gwing* [gwˈiŋ] n. 1. spindrift, flying spray ○ 2. foam (properly a flying spume or spindrift blown off wavetops) ◇ Ety/398, PM/392
spine ◈ ech [ˈɛx] n. spine ◇ Ety/355, VT/45:12 ◈ The Etymologies as published gloss this word as "spear", but the correct reading is provided in VT/45. See also egnas
spirit ◈ faer* [fˈɑɛr] n. spirit ◇ MR/349 ◈ mân [mˈɑːn] n. departed spirit ◇ Ety/371
spit ◈ puia- [pˈuj.ɑ] v. to spit ◈ puio [pˈuj.ɔ] v. inf. of puia-, to spit ◇ Ety/382
splendour ◈ claur [klˈɑur] n. Poet. splendour, glory ◇ Ety/362
split ◈ thanc* [θˈɑŋk] adj. cleft, split, forked ← Orthanc S/415, Ety/388
sponge ◈ hwand [ʍˈɑnd] (chwand, chwann) n. sponge, fungus ◇ Ety/388, X/ND1, X/HW
spoor ◈ rein* I [rˈɛjn] (rhein, rhœin) n. slot, spoor, track, footprint ◇ Ety/384, X/RH
sport ◈ telien [tˈɛli.ɛn] (teilien) n. sport, play ◇ Ety/395
spot ◈ peg [pˈɛg] n. small spot, dot ◇ Ety/382 ◈ sad* [sˈɑd] n. limited area naturally or artificially defined, a place, spot ◇ UT/425, VT/42:20 ◈ sad* [sˈɑd] n. limited area naturally or artificially defined, a place, spot ◇ UT/425, VT/42:20
spouse ◈ bereth* [bˈɛrɛθ] n. queen, spouse ◇ Ety/351, RGEO/74
spray ◈ gwing* [gwˈiŋ] n. 1. spindrift, flying spray ○ 2. foam (properly a flying spume or spindrift blown off wavetops) ◇ Ety/398, PM/392
spread ◈ pelia- [pˈɛli.ɑ] v. to spread ◈ pelio [pˈɛli.ɔ] v. inf. of pelia-, to spread ◇ Ety/380
spring ◈ celu* [kˈɛlu] (celw) n. spring, source ◇ Ety/363, X/W ◈ echuir* [ˈɛxujr] n. Cal. a season, the beginning of spring ◇ LotR/D, SD/129-31 ◈ eithel* [ˈɛjθɛl̡] pl. eithil* [ˈɛjθil̡] n. spring, issue of water, well ◇ Ety/363, S/430, S/433, WJ/85, TC/187 ◈ ethuil* [ˈɛθujl] n. Cal. season of spring ◇ LotR/D, SD/129-31 ◈ tuia- [tˈuj.ɑ] v. 1. to sprout, spring ○ 2. to swell ◈ tuio [tˈuj.ɔ] v. inf. of tuia-, 1. to sprout, spring ○ 2. to swell ◇ Ety/394-395
sprout ◈ tuia- [tˈuj.ɑ] v. 1. to sprout, spring ○ 2. to swell ◈ tuio [tˈuj.ɔ] v. inf. of tuia-, 1. to sprout, spring ○ 2. to swell ◇ Ety/394-395 ◈ tuiw [tˈujw] (tui) n. Bot. a sprout, bud ◇ Ety/395
spy ◈ ethir* II [ˈɛθir] n. spy ◇ S/379, UT/418
stab ◈ eitha-* [ˈɛjθɑ] v. 1. to prick with a sharp point, to stab ○ 2. by ext. to treat with scorn, insult ◇ WJ/365
stain ◈ gwass [gwˈɑss] n. stain ◇ Ety/397 ◈ gwath* [gwˈɑθ] n. 1. shade, shadow, dim light ○ 2. stain ◇ Ety/397, S/432 ◈ gwatha- [gwˈɑθɑ] v. to soil, stain ◈ gwatho [gwˈɑθɔ] v. inf. of gwatha-, to soil, stain ◇ Ety/397 ◈ mael I [mˈɑɛl] (hmael) n. and adj. 1. stain ○ 2. stained ◇ Ety/386 ◈ maw [mˈɑw] (hmaes) n. soil, stain ◇ Ety/386
stained ◈ gwaen* [gwˈɑɛn] adj. stained ← Agarwaen S/378 ◈ mael I [mˈɑɛl] (hmael) n. and adj. 1. stain ○ 2. stained ◇ Ety/386
stairway ◈ pendrath [pˈɛndrɑθ] (pendrad) n. passage up or down slope, stairway ◇ Ety/380, X/ND3
stake ◈ ceber* [kˈɛbɛr] pl. cebir* [kˈɛbir] n. stake, spike, stone ridge ◇ Ety/363, LotR/II:VIII, S/437
stalwart ◈ thala [θˈɑlɑ] adj. stalwart, steady, firm ◇ Ety/388 ◈ tolog [tˈɔlɔg] adj. stalwart, trusty ◇ Ety/395
staple ◈ taew [tˈɑɛw] n. holder, socket, hasp, clasp, staple ◇ Ety/390
star ◈ êl* [ˈɛːl] pl. elin* [ˈɛlin] n. Arch., Poet. star (little used except in verses) ◇ WJ/363, MR/373, RGEO/73, Letters/281 ◈ elenath* [ˈɛlɛnɑθ] n. coll. of êl, starry host, all the host of the stars of heaven ◇ LotR/II:I, RGEO/73-75, WJ/363 ◈ gîl (corr. geil) [gˈiːl] (gil*) pl. geil (corr. gîl) (gail*) n. star, bright spark ◇ Ety/358, LotR/E, S/431, RGEO/73, X/EI ◈ giliath [gˈili.ɑθ] n. coll. of gîl, all the host of stars ◇ Ety/358 ◈ tinu* [tˈinu] (tinw) n. spark, small star ◇ Ety/393, X/W
starlight ◈ gilgalad [gˈil̡.gɑlɑd] n. starlight ◇ Ety/358
starry ◈ elenath* [ˈɛlɛnɑθ] n. coll. of êl, starry host, all the host of the stars of heaven ◇ LotR/II:I, RGEO/73-75, WJ/363
stay ◈ dar- [dˈɑr] v. to stay, wait, stop, remain ◈ dartha- [dˈɑrθɑ] v. to wait, stay, last, endure, remain ◇ Ety/353, VT/45:8 ◈ deri [dˈɛri] v. inf. of dar-, to stay, wait, stop, remain ◇ Ety/353 ◈ dortha- [dˈɔrθɑ] v. to dwell, stay ◈ dortho [dˈɔrθɔ] v. inf. of dortha-, to dwell, stay ◇ Ety/376
staying ◈ avorn* [ˈɑvɔrn] adj. staying, fast ← Baravorn Hamfast, SD/129-31
steadfast ◈ him I [hˈim] adj. 1. steadfast, abiding ○ 2. as an adverb, continually ◇ Ety/364
steady ◈ thala [θˈɑlɑ] adj. stalwart, steady, firm ◇ Ety/388
steep ◈ baradh [bˈɑrɑð] adj. steep ◇ Ety/351
stem ◈ telch [tˈɛl̡x] pl. tilch [tˈil̡x] n. stem ◇ Ety/391
stench ◈ angol I [ˈɑŋgɔl] n. stench ◇ Ety/378 ◈ thû [θˈuː] n. stench ◇ Ety/393
stick ◈ nasta- [nˈɑstɑ] v. to prick, point, stick, thrust ◇ Ety/375, VT45:37 ◈ nestag- [nˈɛstɑg] pa. t. nestanc [nˈɛstɑŋk] v. to insert, stick in ◇ Ety/388 ◈ nestegi [nˈɛstɛgi] v. inf. of nestag-, to insert, stick in ◇ Ety/388
sticky ◈ hîw [hˈiːw] adj. sticky, viscous ◇ Ety/364
stiff ◈ dorn* [dˈɔrn] adj. stiff, tough ◇ WJ/413 ◈ tara [tˈɑrɑ] (tar-) adj. tough, stiff ◇ Ety/390 ◈ tharn [θˈɑrn] adj. sapless, stiff, rigid, withered ◇ Ety/388
stiffness ◈ tarias [tˈɑri.ɑs] n. stiffness, toughness, difficulty ◇ Ety/390
stirrup ◈ talraph* [tˈɑlrɑf] n. stirrup ← Udalraph UT/424
stone ◈ edhelharn* [ɛðˈɛl̡hɑrn] n. elf-stone ◇ SD/128-129 ◈ gond* [gˈɔnd] (gonn) n. great stone, rock ◇ Ety/359, S/431, X/ND1 ◈ gondrafn [gˈɔndrɑvn] n. hewn stone ◇ Ety/354 ◈ gondram [gˈɔndrɑm] n. hewn stone ◇ Ety/354 ◈ gondren* [gˈɔndrɛn] adj. (made) of stone ← Toll-ondren TI/268, TI/287 ◈ sarn* [sˈɑrn] n. 1. stone as a material ○ 2. small stone ◇ Ety/385, S/437, UT/463, VT/42:11 ◈ Sern in UT/463 is a misprint, see VT/42:11
stop ◈ dar- [dˈɑr] v. to stay, wait, stop, remain ◈ daro* [dˈɑrɔ] v. imp. of dar-, halt! stop! ◇ Ety/353, LotR/II:VI ◈ daur* [dˈɑur] n. 1. pause, stop ○ 2. by ext. league (about 3 miles) ◇ UT/279, UT/285 ◈ deri [dˈɛri] v. inf. of dar-, to stay, wait, stop, remain ◇ Ety/353 ◈ dilia- [dˈili.ɑ] pa. t. diliant [dˈili.ɑnt] v. to stop up ◇ Ety/354, VT/45:9 ◈ dilio [dˈili.ɔ] v. inf. of dilia-, to stop up ◇ Ety/354
stopgap ◈ gasdil [gˈɑsdil̡] n. Ling. "stopgap", name of a diacritic sign used to indicate that g had been lenited to zero ◇ Ety/354, Ety/357
stopped ◈ tafnen* [tˈɑvnɛn] adj. closed, blocked, stopped ← uidavnen WR/341 ◈ Normalized to tafnen, as for lefnui
stopper ◈ dîl [dˈiːl] n. stopper, stopping, stuffing ◇ Ety/354
stopping ◈ dîl [dˈiːl] n. stopper, stopping, stuffing ◇ Ety/354
storm ◈ alagos [ˈɑlɑgɔs] n. storm of wind ◇ Ety/348
straight ◈ taer [tˈɑɛr] adj. straight ◇ Ety/392 ◈ Written tær (with ae-ligature) in the Etymologies ◈ tîr [tˈiːr] adj. straight, right ◇ Ety/391
strait ◈ lond* [lˈɔnd] (lonn*, lhonn) n. 1. narrow path or strait ○ 2. by ext. entrance to harbour, land-locked haven ◇ Ety/348, Ety/370, S/434, UT/450, VT/42:10, X/LH, X/ND1
stray ◈ mista- [mˈistɑ] v. to stray ◈ misto [mˈistɔ] v. inf. of mista-, to stray ◇ Ety/373 ◈ renia-* [rˈɛni.ɑ] v. to stray ◈ renio* [rˈɛni.ɔ] (rhenio) v. inf. of renia-, to stray ◇ Ety/383, X/RH
straying ◈ mistad* [mˈistɑd] (mistrad) n. straying, error ◇ Ety/373, X/Z
street ◈ othrad [ˈɔθrɑd] (ostrad) n. street ◇ Ety/383, X/Z ◈ rath* [rˈɑθ] n. 1. course, riverbed ○ 2. street ◇ Ety/383, LotR/Index
strength ◈ bellas [bˈɛl̡lɑs] n. bodily strength ◇ Ety/352 ◈ tû [tˈuː] n. muscle, sinew, vigour, physical strength ◇ Ety/394
stroke ◈ dram* [drˈɑm] (dramm, dramb) n. heavy stroke, a blow (of axe, etc.) ◇ Ety/354, X/MB ◈ hast [hˈɑst] n. axe-stroke ◇ Ety/389
strong ◈ bell* [bˈɛl̡l] (belt) adj. strong in body ◇ Ety/352, X/LD
stronghold ◈ ost* [ˈɔst] n. 1. city, town with wall round ○ 2. fortress or stronghold, made or strenghtened by art ◇ Ety/379, S/435, WJ/414 ◈ othronn* [ˈɔθrɔnn] (othrond*) n. fortress or city in underground caves, underground stronghold ◇ Ety/379, Ety/384, WJ/414, X/ND4
study ◈ gûl* [gˈuːl] n. 1. magic lore, long study (being used mostly of secret knowledge, especially such as possessed by artificers who made wonderful things) ○ 2. by ext. perverted or evil knowledge, sorcery, necromancy ◇ Ety/377, S/432, MR/350, WJ/383
stuffing ◈ dîl [dˈiːl] n. stopper, stopping, stuffing ◇ Ety/354
stunt ◈ nuitha-* [nˈujθɑ] v. to stunt, to prevent from coming to completion, stop short, not allow to continue ◇ WJ/413
sublime ◈ taur III [tˈɑur] adj. mighty, vast, overwhelming, huge, awful, high, sublime ◇ Ety/395
sudden ◈ bragol* [brˈɑgɔl] adj. sudden ◇ S/429 ◈ bregol [brˈɛgɔl] adj. violent, sudden, fierce ◇ Ety/352, Ety/373
suddenness ◈ breged [brˈɛgɛd] n. violence, suddenness ◇ Ety/352
sufficient ◈ far [fˈɑr] adj. or adv. sufficient, enough, quite ◇ Ety/381
sum ◈ gonod- [gˈɔnɔd] v. to count, count up, reckon, sum up ◇ Ety/378, Ety/399
summer ◈ laer* I [lˈɑɛr] n. Cal. season of summer ◇ LotR/D
summit ◈ taen I [tˈɑɛn] n. height, summit of high mountain ◇ Ety/389
summon ◈ toltha- [tˈɔlθɑ] v. to fetch, to summon, make come ◈ toltho [tˈɔlθɔ] v. inf. of toltha-, to fetch, to summon, make come ◇ Ety/395
sun ◈ Anor* [ˈɑnɔr] n. sun ◇ Ety/348
sunlight ◈ aur* [ˈɑur] n. day, sunlight, morning ◇ Ety/349, S/439 ◈ See also calan ◈ glawar [glˈɑwɑr] n. Theo. sunlight, radiance (of the golden tree Laurelin) ◇ Ety/368, VT/45:15
sunny ◈ nórui* [nˈɔːruj] n. and adj. 1. sunny, fiery ○ 2. Cal. as a noun, the month of june ◇ LotR/D
sunset ◈ annûn* [ˈɑnnuːn] n. west, sunset ◇ Ety/376, S/428, LotR/VI:IV, LotR/E, LB/354, Letters/308
superior ◈ orchal* [ˈɔrxl̩] (orchall, orchel) adj. 1. superior, lofty, eminent ○ 2. tall ◇ Ety/363, Ety/379, WJ/305 ◈ In his article Probable errors in the Etymologies, Helge Fauskanger lists orchel as a misreading, following Christopher Tolkien's note admitting that the e is uncertain. However, though orchal is attested in WJ/305, it does not necessarily mean that the form orchel is incorrect. It might be constructed by analogy with words such as hathol "axe" (from WJ/234 and the name of a Númenórean, Hatholdir, UT:444), which is also found as hathal (in Hathaldir, name of a companion of Barahir, LR/433, untranslated but conceivably cognate) and hathel (LR/389). Without entering into the details, such words end with a syllabic consonant (as in English "people"), and several vocalizations are apparently possible in Sindarin. The epenthetical vowel is generally o, but it seems that a or e are also allowed. Regarding orchal, its origin is of course different, as it is a compound word where the second element clearly derives from KHAL, but it may be have been assimilated, later, to this class of words by analogy. We may therefore consider that orchel is a perfectly valid dialectal variant
support ◈ tulu [tˈulu] n. support, prop ◇ Ety/395
surface ◈ palath [pˈɑlɑθ] n. surface ◇ Ety/380 ◈ talath* [tˈɑlɑθ] (dalath) n. 1. flat surface, plane ○ 2. flat land, plain, (wide) valley ← Talath Dirnen UT/465, Ety/353, S/437
survival ◈ bronad [brˈɔnɑd] ger. of brona-, survival ← bronadui Ety/353
survive ◈ brona- [brˈɔnɔ] v. to last, to survive ◈ brono [brˈɔnɔ] v. inf. of brona-, to last, to survive ◇ Ety/353
swallow ◈ tuilinn [tˈujlinn] (tuilind, tuilin) n. Orn. swallow (bird) ◇ Ety/395, X/ND4
swamped ◈ loen* [lˈɔɛn] adj. soaking wet, swamped ◇ VT/42:10
swan ◈ alph* [ˈɑlf] (alf) pl. eilph* [ˈɛjlf] n. Orn. swan ◇ Ety/348, S/427, LotR/E, VT/42:7, X/PH
sward ◈ pathu* [pˈɑθu] (pathw) n. level space, sward ◇ Ety/380, X/W ◈ sâdh* [sˈɑːð] n. sward, turf ◇ VT/42:20
swart ◈ baran* [bˈɑrɑn] n. brown, swart, dark brown, golden brown, yellow brown ◇ Ety/351, LotR/F, TC/179 ◈ donn [dˈɔnn] adj. swart, swarthy ◇ Ety/355, X/ND1
swarthy ◈ donn [dˈɔnn] adj. swart, swarthy ◇ Ety/355, X/ND1
swear ◈ gwesta- [gwˈɛstɑ] v. to swear ◈ gwesto [gwˈɛstɔ] v. inf. of gwesta-, to swear ◇ Ety/397
sweet ◈ lend* II [lˈɛnd] (lhend) adj. tuneful, sweet ◇ Ety/369, X/LH, X/ND1 ◈ melui* [mˈɛluj] adj. sweet ◇ LotR/V:VIII, VT/42:18 ◈ This word only occurs in the place name Imloth Melui, a vale where roses grew
swell ◈ tuia- [tˈuj.ɑ] v. 1. to sprout, spring ○ 2. to swell ◈ tuio [tˈuj.ɔ] v. inf. of tuia-, 1. to sprout, spring ○ 2. to swell ◇ Ety/394-395
swift ◈ celeg* [kˈɛlɛg] adj. swift, agile, hasty ◇ Ety/366, PM/353, VT/41:10 ◈ lagor* [lˈɑgr̩] (lhagr) adj. swift, rapid ◇ Ety/367, X/LH
swooping ◈ thôr II [θˈɔːr] adj. swooping, leaping down ◇ Ety/393
sword ◈ crist [krˈist] n. cleaver, sword ◇ Ety/365 ◈ lang* [lˈɑŋ] (lhang) n. cutlass, sword ◇ Ety/367, X/LH ◈ magol [mˈɑgl̩] (magl) n. sword ◇ Ety/371 ◈ The word megil (q.v.), probably introduced by the Ñoldor, was also used ◈ megil* [mˈɛgil̡] n. sword ◇ Ety/371 ◈ The word was struck out in the Etymologies, but is well attested in late compounds such as Mormegil or Arvegil (with regular mutation). It is conceivably the Sindarinized form of Quenya makil, coexisting with magol (see tegil and tegol for a similar case)
swordsman ◈ magor* [mˈɑgr̩] n. swordsman ← Menelvagor LotR/E, WJ/234
syrup ◈ paich* [pˈɑjx] (peich) n. juice, syrup ◇ Ety/382, X/EI
tale ◈ gwanod [gwˈɑnɔd] n. tale, number ◇ Ety/378 ◈ narn* [nˈɑrn] pl. nern* [nˈɛrn] n. a tale or a saga, that is told in verse to be spoken and not sung ◇ Ety/374, WJ/313, MR/373, S/412 ◈ pent II [pˈɛnt] n. tale ◇ Ety/366 ◈ sinnarn [sˈinnɑrn] n. novel tale ◇ Ety/385 ◈ trenarn [trˈɛnɑrn] n. account, tale ◇ Ety/374
tall ◈ orchal* [ˈɔrxl̩] (orchall, orchel) adj. 1. superior, lofty, eminent ○ 2. tall ◇ Ety/363, Ety/379, WJ/305 ◈ In his article Probable errors in the Etymologies, Helge Fauskanger lists orchel as a misreading, following Christopher Tolkien's note admitting that the e is uncertain. However, though orchal is attested in WJ/305, it does not necessarily mean that the form orchel is incorrect. It might be constructed by analogy with words such as hathol "axe" (from WJ/234 and the name of a Númenórean, Hatholdir, UT:444), which is also found as hathal (in Hathaldir, name of a companion of Barahir, LR/433, untranslated but conceivably cognate) and hathel (LR/389). Without entering into the details, such words end with a syllabic consonant (as in English "people"), and several vocalizations are apparently possible in Sindarin. The epenthetical vowel is generally o, but it seems that a or e are also allowed. Regarding orchal, its origin is of course different, as it is a compound word where the second element clearly derives from KHAL, but it may be have been assimilated, later, to this class of words by analogy. We may therefore consider that orchel is a perfectly valid dialectal variant ◈ tond [tˈɔnd] (tonn) adj. tall ◇ Ety/395, X/ND1
tangled ◈ remmen* [rˈɛmmɛn] pl. remmin* [rˈɛmmin] pp. woven, netted, tangled ← galadhremmin LotR/E, LotR/II:I, RGEO/72
task ◈ tass [tˈɑss] (tars) n. labour, task ◇ Ety/391
taut ◈ tong [tˈɔŋ] adj. taut, tight (of strings), resonant ◇ Ety/395
tear ◈ nîn II [nˈiːn] n. tear ◇ ETY/376 ◈ nîr [nˈiːr] n. tear, weeping ◇ Ety/376
tearful ◈ nîd [nˈiːd] adj. damp, wet, tearful ◇ Ety/376 ◈ níniel (corr. niniel) [nˈiːni.ɛl̡] adj. tearful ◇ Ety/376
tell ◈ trenar- [trˈɛnɑr] pa. t. trenor [trˈɛnɔr] (trener) v. to recount, to tell to end ◇ Ety/374 ◈ treneri [trˈɛnɛri] v. inf. of trenar-, to recount, to tell to end ◇ Ety/374
temptation ◈ úthaes* [ˈuːθɑɛs] n. inducement to do wrong, temptation ◇ VT/44:30
ten ◈ caer [kˈɑɛr] adj. num. ten ◇ Ety/363 ◈ See also pae ◈ pae* [pˈɑɛ] adj. num. ten ◇ VT/42:25 ◈ See also caer
tenth ◈ paenui* [pˈɑɛnuj] adj. num. tenth ◇ VT/42:25
terrify ◈ gruitha-* [grˈujθɑ] v. to terrify ◇ WJ/415
terrifying ◈ goeol* [gˈɔɛ.ɔl] adj. dreadful, terrifying ◇ PM/363
terror ◈ goe* [gˈɔɛ] n. terror, great fear ◇ PM/363 ◈ groga-* [grˈɔgɑ] v. to feel terror ◇ WJ/415
thatch ◈ taus [tˈɑus] n. thatch ◇ Ety/395
the ◈ i* [i] pl. in* [in] art. and pron. 1. the ○ 2. who ◇ Ety/361, SD/129-31, Letters/308, Letters/417
thee ◈ le* [lɛ] pron. to thee (reverential) ◇ LotR/II:I, LotR/IV:X, RGEO/72-73, Letters/278, LB/354
them ◈ ti* [ti] pron. them ← i gohenam di ai VT/44:21,30
there ◈ ennas* [ˈɛnnɑs] adv. there, in that place ◇ SD/129-31
thick ◈ tûg [tˈuːg] adj. thick, fat ◇ Ety/394
thin ◈ lhain* II [ɬˈɑjn] (thlein) pl. lhîn* [ɬˈiːn] (thlîn) adj. lean, thin, meagre ◇ Ety/386, X/LH ◈ taen II [tˈɑɛn] adj. long (and thin) ◇ Ety/391
thing ◈ bach [bˈɑx] n. article (for exchange), ware, thing ◇ Ety/372 ◈ nad [nˈɑd] n. thing ◇ Ety/374
third ◈ nail* [nˈɑjl] (neil) adj. num. third ◇ VT/42:25 ◈ nelui* [nˈɛluj] adj. num. third ◇ VT/42:25
thirsty ◈ faug [fˈɑug] n. thirsty ◇ Ety/381
thirtieth ◈ nelchaenen* [nɛl̡xˈɑɛnɛn] adj. num. thirtieth ◇ SD/129-31
this ◈ sen* [sɛn] pl. sin* [sin] adj. this ← i thiw hin LotR/II:IV ◈ This demonstrative adjective is probably enclitic. It has been suggested that this possibility could perhaps explain why the mutated form of tîw on the Doors of Durin is thiw instead of the expected thîw, see HL/69
thong ◈ lath* [lˈɑθ] (lhath) n. (?) thong of leather ◇ Ety/368, X/LH
thorn ◈ êg [ˈɛːg] n. thorn ◇ Ety/355 ◈ ereg* [ˈɛrɛg] pl. erig [ˈɛrig] n. Bot. holly-tree, thorn ◇ Ety/356, S/431
thought ◈ ind [ˈind] (inn) n. inner thought, meaning, heart ◇ Ety/361, X/ND1 ◈ nauth [nˈɑuθ] n. thought ◇ Ety/378
thoughtful ◈ idhren [ˈiðrɛn] adj. pondering, wise, thoughtful ◇ Ety/361
thoughtfulness ◈ idhor* [ˈiðr̩] (idher) n. thoughtfulness ◇ Ety/361, X/Z
thousand ◈ meneg* [mˈɛnɛg] adj. num. thousand ← Menegroth "thousand caves" S/409
thrall ◈ mûl [mˈuːl] n. slave, thrall ◇ Ety/373
thread ◈ hithlain* [hˈiθlɑjn] n. mist-thread, a substance used by the Elves of Lothlórien to make strong ropes ◇ LotR/II:VIII, LotR/Index ◈ lain* II [lˈɑjn] n. thread ← hithlain LotR/II:VIII, LotR/Index ◈ lhê* [ɬˈɛː] (thlê) n. fine thread, spider filament ◇ Ety/386, X/LH
three ◈ nêl* II [nˈɛːl] adj. num. three ◇ VT/42:25 ◈ See also neled ◈ neled [nˈɛlɛd] (neledh) adj. num. three ◇ Ety/376, TAI150
threshold ◈ fen* [fˈɛn] (fend, fenn) n. door, threshold ◇ Ety/381, LotR/V:IV, WR/341, X/ND1
throat ◈ lanc* II [lˈɑŋk] (lhanc) n. throat ◇ Ety/367, X/LH
through ◈ godref [gˈɔdrɛv] (godrebh) adv. through together ◇ TAI/150 ◈ tre- [trɛ] (tri) pref. through (but denoting completeness when prefixed to verbs, cf. English idioms like "talk something through") ◇ Ety/392 ◈ trî [trˈiː] prep. through ◇ Ety/392
thrower ◈ hador* [hˈɑdr̩] n. thrower (of spears and darts) ◇ Ety/363, WJ/234 ◈ hadron [hˈɑdrɔn] n. m. thrower (of spears and darts) ◇ Ety/363
thrust ◈ nasta- [nˈɑstɑ] v. to prick, point, stick, thrust ◇ Ety/375, VT45:37
thy ◈ lín* [lˈiːn] (lin*) adj. thy (reverential) ◇ VT/44:21,24
tidings ◈ siniath [sˈini.ɑθ] n. coll. news, tidings ◇ Ety/385
tidy ◈ puig [pˈujg] adj. clean, tidy, neat ◇ Ety/382
tie ◈ nod-* [nˈɔd] (nud-) v. to tie, bind ◇ Ety/378, X/Z ◈ taetha- [tˈɑɛθɑ] v. to fasten, tie ◈ taetho [tˈɑɛθɔ] v. inf. of taetha-, to fasten, tie ◇ Ety/389
tight ◈ tong [tˈɔŋ] adj. taut, tight (of strings), resonant ◇ Ety/395
tilted ◈ adlann* [ˈɑdlɑnn] (atland) adj. sloping, tilted ◇ Ety/390, X/TL, X/ND4
time ◈ anann* [ˈɑnɑnn] adv. long, for a long time ◇ LotR/VI:IV, Letters/308 ◈ lû* [lˈuː] (lhû) n. a time, occasion ◇ Ety/370, X/LH
tiny ◈ pigen [pˈigɛn] adj. tiny ◇ Ety/382 ◈ tithen [tˈiθɛn] pl. tithin [tˈiθin] adj. little, tiny ◇ Ety/394
to ◈ an* [ɑn] prep. to, towards, for ◇ LotR/II:IV, UT/39, SD/129-31 ◈ With suffixed article and elision in aglar'ni Pheriannath ◈ heltha- (corr. helta) [hˈɛl̡θɑ] v. to strip ◇ Ety/386 ◈ The form helta- in the Etymologies is either a misprint or a misreading, unless the word is actually meant to be Quenya (and in that case, a Q is missing before the entry). Its Sindarin cognate would anyway still be heltha- ◈ na* [nɑ] prep. 1. with, by (also used as a genitive sign) ○ 2. to, towards, at ◇ Ety/374, LotR/I:XII ◈ o* I [ɔ] (od*) prep. from, of; preposition (as a proclitic) used in either direction, from or to the point of view of the speaker ◇ Ety/360, WJ/366, WJ/369-70, LotR/II:IV, SD/129-31, RGEO/72 ◈ According to WJ/366, the preposition "is normally o in all positions, though od appears occasionally before vowels, especially before o-". With a suffixed article, see also uin
today ◈ sír* [sˈiːr] adv. today ◇ VT/44:21,27
together ◈ go- [gɔ] pref. together ◇ Ety/399, WJ/367 ◈ godref [gˈɔdrɛv] (godrebh) adv. through together ◇ TAI/150 ◈ gwa-* [gwɑ] pref. Arch. together (only in old compounds, the living form is go-) ◇ Ety/399, WJ/367
toil ◈ muda- [mˈudɑ] v. to labour, toil ◈ mudas [mˈudɑs] n. labour, toil ◇ Ety/373 ◈ The Etymologies list this word as the past tense of the verb mudo, but actually it looks more like a noun ◈ mudo [mˈudɔ] v. inf. of muda-, to labour, toil ◇ Ety/373 ◈ The Etymologies list mudas as the past tense of this this verb, but actually this form looks more like a noun "labour, toil"
tomb ◈ haudh* [hˈɑuð] n. (burial) mound, grave, tomb ◇ Ety/363-364, S/432, LotR/A(iv)
tongue ◈ lam* I [lˈɑm] (lhamb, lham) n. physical tongue ◇ Ety/367, WJ/394, X/LH
tooth ◈ anc [ˈɑŋk] n. jaw, row of teeth ◇ Ety/348, Ety/374 ◈ carag [kˈɑrɑg] n. spike, tooth of rock ◇ Ety/362 ◈ carch* [kˈɑrx] n. tooth, fang ◇ Ety/362, S/429 ◈ nêl I [nˈɛːl] (neleg) pl. nelig* [nˈɛlig] n. tooth ◇ Ety/376, WR/113
top ◈ caw [kˈɑw] n. top ◇ Ety/362
torment ◈ baul [bˈɑul] n. torment ◇ Ety/377
torrent ◈ oll [ˈɔld] (old) n. torrent, mountain-stream ◇ Ety/396 ◈ thórod [θˈɔːrɔd] n. torrent ◇ Ety/393
tough ◈ dorn* [dˈɔrn] adj. stiff, tough ◇ WJ/413 ◈ tara [tˈɑrɑ] (tar-) adj. tough, stiff ◇ Ety/390
toughness ◈ tarias [tˈɑri.ɑs] n. stiffness, toughness, difficulty ◇ Ety/390
towards ◈ an* [ɑn] prep. to, towards, for ◇ LotR/II:IV, UT/39, SD/129-31 ◈ With suffixed article and elision in aglar'ni Pheriannath ◈ na* [nɑ] prep. 1. with, by (also used as a genitive sign) ○ 2. to, towards, at ◇ Ety/374, LotR/I:XII
tower ◈ barad* II [bˈɑrɑd] pl. beraid* [bˈɛrɑjd] n. tower, fortress ◇ Ety/351, S/428, LotR/B ◈ minas* [mˈinɑs] (minnas) n. 1. tower ○ 2. by ext. fort, city with a citadel and central watch-tower ◇ Ety/373, S/434, VT/42:24 ◈ mindon [mˈindɔn] n. 1. isolated hill, especially a hill with a watch tower ○ 2. by ext. tower ◇ Ety/373, Ety/395
town ◈ gobel [gˈɔbɛl̡] n. walled house or village, town ◇ Ety/380 ◈ ost* [ˈɔst] n. 1. city, town with wall round ○ 2. fortress or stronghold, made or strenghtened by art ◇ Ety/379, S/435, WJ/414
track ◈ bâd [bˈɑːd] n. beaten track, pathway ◇ Ety/351 ◈ râd [rˈɑːd] n. path, track ◇ Ety/383 ◈ rein* I [rˈɛjn] (rhein, rhœin) n. slot, spoor, track, footprint ◇ Ety/384, X/RH
trade ◈ banga- [bˈɑŋgɑ] v. to trade ◇ Ety/372
trample ◈ batha- [bˈɑθɑ] v. to trample ◈ batho [bˈɑθɔ] v. inf. of batha-, to trample ◇ Ety/352
traverse ◈ athrada- [ˈɑθrɑdɑ] v. to cross, traverse ◈ athrado [ˈɑθrɑdɔ] v. inf. of athrada-, to cross, traverse ◇ Ety/383 ◈ trevad- [trˈɛvɑd] pa. t. trevant [trˈɛvɑnt] v. to traverse ◇ Ety/352 ◈ trevedi [trˈɛvɛdi] v. inf. of trevad-, to traverse ◇ Ety/352
treasure ◈ mîr* [mˈiːr] n. jewel, precious thing, treasure ◇ Ety/373, LotR/E, S/434, PM/348, LB/354, RGEO/73
treaty ◈ gowest [gˈɔwɛst] n. contract, compact, treaty ◇ Ety/399
tree ◈ brethil* I [brˈɛθil̡] (brethel) pl. brethil* n. Bot. beech, beech-tree, silver birch ◇ Ety/352, Ety/376, S/429 ◈ ereg* [ˈɛrɛg] pl. erig [ˈɛrig] n. Bot. holly-tree, thorn ◇ Ety/356, S/431 ◈ eregdos [ɛrˈɛgdɔs] n. Bot. holly, holly-tree ◇ Ety/356, Ety/379, Ety/395 ◈ fêr [fˈɛːr] pl. ferin [fˈɛrin] n. Bot. beech-tree ◇ Ety/352, Ety/381 ◈ galadh* [gˈɑlɑð] n. tree ◇ Ety/357, S/427, LotR/E, LB/354, RGEO/73, Letters/426 ◈ lalf [lˈɑlv] pl. lelf [lˈɛl̡v] n. Bot. elm-tree ◇ Ety/348 ◈ lalorn* [lˈɑlɔrn] (lhalorn) n. Bot. elm-tree ◇ Ety/367, X/LH ◈ lalven [lˈɑlvɛn] pl. lelvin [lˈɛl̡vin] n. Bot. elm-tree ◇ Ety/348 ◈ lalwen* [lˈɑlwɛn] (lhalwen) pl. lelwin [lˈɛl̡win] n. Bot. elm-tree ◇ Ety/367, X/LH ◈ lebethron* [lɛbˈɛθrɔn] n. Bot. a tree - its black wood was used by the woodwrights of Gondor ◇ LotR/IV:VII, LotR/VI:V, WR/176 ◈ In the original manuscript, one of the earlier (rejected) form of this name was lebendron. Didier Willis proposed the etymology lebed+doron "finger-oak", actually a real tree name (Finger Oak or Quercus digitata) ◈ mallorn* [mˈɑllɔrn] pl. mellyrn* [mˈɛl̡lyrn] n. Bot. golden tree of Lothlórien ◇ S/435, LotR/II:IV ◈ orn* [ˈɔrn] pl. yrn [ˈyrn] n. Bot. (any large) tree ◇ Ety/379, S/435, Letters/426 ◈ tathar* [tˈɑθr̩] (tathor) n. Bot. willow-tree ◇ Ety/391, S/438 ◈ thôn* [θˈɔːn] (thaun) n. Bot. pine-tree ◇ Ety/392, S/438 ◈ toss [tˈɔss] n. Bot. bush, low-growing tree (as maple, hawthorn, blackthorn, holly, etc.) ◇ Ety/379, Ety/395 ◈ tulus [tˈulus] pl. tylys [ˈtylys] n. Bot. poplar-tree ◇ Ety/395
trespass ◈ úgarth* [ˈuːgɑrθ] pl. úgerth* [ˈuːgɛrθ] n. bad deed, sin, trespass ◇ VT/44:21,28
tress ◈ fîn* [fˈiːn] (find*, finn-*) n. a tress ◇ PM/361-362
tressure ◈ cathrae* [kˈɑθrɑɛ] n. tressure, net for combining the hair ◇ VT/42:12
triangle ◈ naith* [nˈɑjθ] pl. natsai [nˈɑtsɑj] n. any formation or projection tapering to a point: a spearhead, gore, wedge, narrow promontory, triangle ◇ Ety/387, UT/282 ◈ nelthil [nˈɛl̡θil] n. triangle ◇ Ety/376, Ety/393
trick ◈ rinc* [rˈiŋk] (rhinc) n. twitch, jerk, trick, sudden move ◇ Ety/383, X/RH
trill ◈ glir- [glˈir] v. to sing, trill, to recite a poem ◈ gliri (corr. glin) [glˈiri] v. inf. of glir-, to sing, trill, to recite a poem ◇ Ety/359, Ety/369
triumph ◈ gell [gˈɛl̡l] n. joy, triumph ◇ Ety/359
triumphant ◈ gellui [gˈɛl̡luj] adj. triumphant ◇ Ety/359
troll ◈ torog* [tˈɔrɔg] n. troll ◇ LotR/F
troop ◈ gwaith* [gwˈɑjθ] n. 1. troop of able-bodied men, people ○ 2. by ext. region, wilderness ◇ Ety/398 ◈ gweth [gwˈɛθ] n. 1. manhood ○ 2. by ext. man power, troop of able-bodied men, host, regiment ◇ Ety/398 ◈ herth [hˈɛrθ] n. Mil. household, troop under a "hîr" (master, lord) ◇ Ety/364
troth ◈ gwaedh [gwˈɑɛð] n. bond, troth, compact, oath ◇ Ety/397
trouble ◈ presta- [prˈɛstɑ] v. to affect, trouble, disturb ◈ presto [prˈɛstɔ] v. inf. of presta-, to affect, trouble, disturb ◇ Ety/380 ◈ trasta- [trˈɑstɑ] v. to harass, trouble ◇ Ety/391
true ◈ thenid [θˈɛnid] adj. firm, true, abiding ◇ Ety/388 ◈ thenin [θˈɛnin] adj. firm, true, abiding ◇ Ety/388
trumpet ◈ rom* [rˈɔm] (rhom) n. horn, trumpet ◇ Ety/384, WJ/400, X/RH ◈ rû* [rˈuː] (rhû) n. Arch., Poet. loud-sound, trumpet-sound ◇ Ety/384, X/RH
trust ◈ estel* [ˈɛstɛl̡] n. hope, trust, a temper of mind, steady fixed in purpose, and difficult to dissuade and unlikely to fall into despair or abandon its purpose ◇ WJ/318-319, LotR/A(v), MR/320
trusty ◈ tolog [tˈɔlɔg] adj. stalwart, trusty ◇ Ety/395
tune ◈ lind* [lˈind] (lhind, lhinn) n. air, tune ◇ Ety/369, X/LH, X/ND1
tuneful ◈ lend* II [lˈɛnd] (lhend) adj. tuneful, sweet ◇ Ety/369, X/LH, X/ND1
turf ◈ sâdh* [sˈɑːð] n. sward, turf ◇ VT/42:20
twilight ◈ tinnu [tˈinnu] (tindu) n. 1. dusk, twilight, early night (without moon) ○ 2. starry twilight ◇ Ety/355, Ety/393, X/ND2 ◈ uial* [ˈuj.ɑl] n. twilight ◇ Ety/400, S/439, LotR/D
twin ◈ gwanûn* [gwˈɑnuːn] n. a pair of twins ◇ WJ/367 ◈ gwanunig* [gwˈɑnunig] n. sing. of gwanûn, a twin (one of a pair of twins) ◇ WJ/367 ◈ gwanur [gwˈɑnur] n. 1. a pair of twins ○ 2. brother or kinsman, kinswoman ◇ Ety/378, Ety/392, LotR/A(iv) ◈ gwenyn* [gwˈɛnyn] n. pl. twins ◇ PM/353, PM/365
twirl ◈ hwinia-* [ʍˈini.ɑ] v. to twirl, whirl, eddy ◈ hwinio* [ʍˈini.ɔ] (chwinio) v. inf. of hwinia-, to twirl, whirl, eddy ◇ Ety/388
twirling ◈ hwind* [ʍˈind] (chwind, chwinn) adj. twirling, whirling ◇ Ety/388, X/ND1, X/HW
twisted ◈ norn [nˈɔrn] pl. nyrn* [nˈyrn] adj. 1. twisted, knotted, crabbed, contorted ○ 2. hard ◇ Ety/387
twitch ◈ rinc* [rˈiŋk] (rhinc) n. twitch, jerk, trick, sudden move ◇ Ety/383, X/RH ◈ ritha-* [rˈiθɑ] v. to jerk, twitch, snarch ◈ ritho* [rˈiθɔ] (rhitho) v. inf. of ritha-, to jerk, twitch, snarch ◇ Ety/383, X/RH
two ◈ tâd* [tˈɑːd] (tad*) adj. num. two ◇ Ety/349, Ety/391, WJ/388, VT/42:25-27
tyrannous ◈ baug [bˈɑug] adj. tyrannous, cruel, oppressive ◇ Ety/372
tyrant ◈ bauglir [bˈɑuglir] n. tyrant, oppressor ◇ Ety/372
under ◈ di-* [di] pref. beneath, under ← di-nguruthos LotR/IV:X, RGEO/72, Letters/278, VT/45:37 ◈ The only known usage of this word is as prefix, but VT/45:37 lists it as a unitary word di ◈ nu* [nu] (no) prep. under ◇ Ety/378, etc. ◈ With suffixed article, see also nuin ◈ nuin* [nujn] prep. under the ◇ Ety/378, etc.
understand ◈ henia- [hˈɛni.ɑ] v. to understand ◈ henio [hˈɛni.ɔ] v. inf. of henia-, to understand ◇ Ety/363
understanding ◈ hannas [hˈɑnnɑs] n. understanding, intelligence ◇ Ety/363
union ◈ erthad* [ˈɛrθɑd] ger. of ertha-, union, uniting ← Aderthad S/409
unique ◈ minai* [mˈinɑj] (minei) adj. single, distinct, unique ◇ Ety/373, X/EI
unite ◈ ertha-* [ˈɛrθɑ] v. to unite ← Aderthad S/409
uniting ◈ erthad* [ˈɛrθɑd] ger. of ertha-, union, uniting ← Aderthad S/409
unquenchable ◈ uluithiad* [ulˈujθi.ɑd] adj. unquenchable, without quenching ◇ SD/62
up ◈ am I [ɑm] prep. 1. up, upwards ○ 2. upon ◇ Ety/348
uphill ◈ ambenn [ˈɑmbɛnn] (ambend, amben) adv. uphill, sloping upwards ◇ Ety/348, Ety/380, X/ND3, X/ND4
upon ◈ am I [ɑm] prep. 1. up, upwards ○ 2. upon ◇ Ety/348
uproar ◈ glam* [glˈɑm] (glamm*, glamb*) n. 1. barbarous speech, shouting, confused noise ○ 2. din, uproar, the confused yelling and bellowing of beasts ○ 3. by ext. as a coll. noun, any body of orcs ◇ Ety/358, Ety/377, WJ/390, WJ/416
upwards ◈ am I [ɑm] prep. 1. up, upwards ○ 2. upon ◇ Ety/348 ◈ ambenn [ˈɑmbɛnn] (ambend, amben) adv. uphill, sloping upwards ◇ Ety/348, Ety/380, X/ND3, X/ND4
urge ◈ hortha- [hˈɔrθɑ] v. to urge on, speed ◇ Ety/364
us ◈ ammen* [ˈɑmmɛn] pron. of us, for us, toward us ◇ LotR/II:IV, LB/354, VT/44:21,27 ◈ men* I [mˈɛn] pron. us ← ammen LotR/II:IV, LB/354 ◈ mín* I [mˈiːn] pron. us ◇ VT/44:21,28
use ◈ iuith [jˈujθ] n. use ◇ Ety/400 ◈ iuitha- [jˈujθɑ] v. to employ, to use ◈ iuitho [jˈujθɔ] v. inf. of iuitha-, to employ, to use ◇ Ety/400 ◈ The gloss was hardly legible. Christopher Tolkien reads 'to enjoy' but the meaning 'to employ' is much more probable (cf. iuith)
useful ◈ maer [mˈɑɛr] adj. useful, fit, good (of things) ◇ Ety/371
vague ◈ hethu* [hˈɛθu] (hethw) adj. foggy, obscure, vague ◇ Ety/364, X/W
vale ◈ im* II [ˈim] (imm, imb) n. dell, deep vale ← imlad, imloth, imrath, VT/45:18
valley ◈ imlad* [ˈimlɑd] n. narrow valley with steep sides, deep valley ◇ S/433, LotR/Index, VT/45:18 ◈ imloth* [ˈimlɔθ] n. flower-valley ◇ LotR/V:VIII, VT/42:18 ◈ This word only occurs in the place name Imloth Melui, a vale where roses grew ◈ imrath* [ˈimrɑθ] n. long narrow valley with a road or watercourse running through it lengthwise ◇ UT/465 ◈ lad* [lˈɑd] n. plain, valley ◇ S/433 ◈ nan* [nˈɑn] (nand*, nann) n. 1. wide grassland, land at foot of hills with many streams ○ 2. by ext. valley ◇ Ety/374, S/435, Letters/308, VT/45:36, X/ND1 ◈ tum* [tˈum] n. deep valley, under or among hills ◇ Ety/394, S/438
valour ◈ caun II [kˈɑun] n. valour ◇ Ety/362 ◈ gorn* II [gˈɔrn] n. valor ← Aragorn PM/xii
vassal ◈ bôr (corr. bór) [bˈɔːr] pl. bŷr (corr. býr) [bˈyːr] (berein, beren) n. steadfast, trusty man, faithful vassal ◇ Ety/353 ◈ bŷr* I [bˈyːr] (bior, beor) n. follower, vassal ◇ Ety/352, X/IU
vast ◈ taur III [tˈɑur] adj. mighty, vast, overwhelming, huge, awful, high, sublime ◇ Ety/395
veil ◈ esgal* [ˈɛsgɑl] n. veil, screen, cover that hides ◇ S/431 ◈ fân* [fˈɑːn] n. 1. veil ○ 2. by ext. cloud (applied to clouds, floating as veils over the blue sky or the sun or moon, or resting on hills) ◇ RGEO/74 ◈ gwathra-* [gwˈɑθrɑ] v. to overshadow, dim, veil, obscure ◇ VT/42:9
veiled ◈ hall II [hˈɑll] adj. veiled, hidden, shadowed, shady ◇ Ety/386
vein ◈ rant* [rˈɑnt] n. 1. lode, vein ○ 2. course, riverbed ◇ Ety/383, S/436
vengeance ◈ acharn* [ˈɑxɑrn] n. vengeance ◇ WJ/254, WJ/301
verse ◈ ann-thennath* [ˈɑnn.θˈɛnnɑθ] n. pl. a verse mode, lit. "long-shorts" (alternance of long and short vowels, or rather alternance of long and short verse units, possibly of masculine and feminine rhymes) ◇ LotR/I:XI ◈ The word is not translated by Tolkien. Refer to Tolkien's Legendarium p. 115 for a discussion of its probable meaning ◈ linnod* [lˈinnɔd] n. 1. (?) a single verse used as a maxim ○ 2. (?) a chant of a certain metrical type, where each (half-)verse is composed of seven syllables ◇ LotR/A(iv) ◈ The word is not translated by Tolkien. The first meaning assumes that -od is a singulative affix (cf. filigod). The second meaning is proposed by Carl Hostetter and Patrick Wynne in Tolkien's Legendarium p. 132, based on the metrical characteristics of Gilraen's linnod
vessel ◈ calph* [kˈɑlf] (calf) n. water-vessel ◇ Ety/362, X/PH ◈ ylf* II [ˈylv] n. drinking-vessel ◇ WJ/416
victory ◈ tûr [tˈuːr] n. mastery, victory ◇ Ety/395
vigilance ◈ tirith* [tˈiriθ] n. watch, guard (abstract noun), vigilance ◇ Ety/394, S/437, Letters/158, VT/42:11
vigour ◈ gorf [gˈɔrv] n. impetus, vigour ◇ Ety/359 ◈ hûr [hˈuːr] n. readiness for action, vigour, fiery spirit ◇ Ety/364 ◈ tû [tˈuː] n. muscle, sinew, vigour, physical strength ◇ Ety/394
village ◈ gobel [gˈɔbɛl̡] n. walled house or village, town ◇ Ety/380
vine ◈ gwin* [gwˈin] n. wine, vine ← Dorwinion LotR/Map, LB/11,26,17,112, LR/334,338, H/IX ◈ The wine of Dor-Winion occurs in the Lay of the children of Húrin and the place located either in the "burning South" in the first version, or probably east of the Blue Mountains in the second. Then we have Dorwinion as a meadow-land in Tol Eressëa at the end of the Quenta Silmarillion. It reappears in The Hobbit, and was finally placed North-West of the Sea of Rhûn in the decorated map by Pauline Baynes (see HL/115-117 for discussion). The meaning of this name is unknown and has been largely discussed. What do we have indeed in this "Winion", or rather gwinion since the initial w- must come from lenition? According to Christopher Tolkien, the Lay was begun c. 1918 and was composed during his father's stay at Leeds, a date meaning that the word can be Gnomish, possibly Early Noldorin, or in an indigenous language of Beleriand. In Gnomish and later in Doriathrin and Ilkorin there is a genitive plural ending -ion which may very well be contained in this word. Then we would segment gwin-ion "of gwin". The context calls for "wine", "vine" or something similar. It can hardly be a coincidence that gwin is precisely the Welsh word for "wine", a loan from the Latin vinum, as the English "wine" itself
violence ◈ breged [brˈɛgɛd] n. violence, suddenness ◇ Ety/352
violent ◈ asgar [ˈɑsgɑr] (ascar) adj. violent, rushing, impetuous ◇ Ety/386 ◈ bregol [brˈɛgɔl] adj. violent, sudden, fierce ◇ Ety/352, Ety/373
virgin ◈ rodwen* [rˈɔdwɛn] n. high virgin noble ◇ WJ/317
virginity ◈ gweneth [gwˈɛnɛθ] n. virginity ◇ Ety/398
viscous ◈ hîw [hˈiːw] adj. sticky, viscous ◇ Ety/364
voices ◈ lamath* [lˈɑmɑθ] n. coll. of lam I, echoing voices ◇ PM/349
void ◈ cofn [kˈɔvn] (caun) adj. empty, void ◇ Ety/366 ◈ gaw [gˈɑw] n. void ◇ Ety/358 ◈ iâ* [jˈɑː] (ia) n. 1. gulf ○ 2. abyss, void ◇ Ety/400, S/432, Letters/383
wain ◈ rach* [rˈɑx] pl. raich* [rˈɑjx] n. wain ← Gondraich UT/465
wait ◈ dar- [dˈɑr] v. to stay, wait, stop, remain ◈ dartha- [dˈɑrθɑ] v. to wait, stay, last, endure, remain ◇ Ety/353, VT/45:8 ◈ deri [dˈɛri] v. inf. of dar-, to stay, wait, stop, remain ◇ Ety/353
walk ◈ pada-* [pˈɑdɑ] v. to walk ← Aphadon (*ap-pata), Tharbad (*thara-pata) WJ/387, S/438
wall ◈ ram* [rˈɑm] (rham, rhamb) n. wall ◇ Ety/382, S/436, X/RH
wander ◈ revia-* [rˈɛvi.ɑ] v. 1. to fly, sail ○ 2. to wander ◈ revio* [rˈɛvi.ɔ] (rhevio (corr. rhenio)) v. inf. of revia-, 1. to fly, sail ○ 2. to wander ◇ Ety/382, X/RH
wanderer ◈ randír* [rˈɑndiːr] (rhandir) n. m. wanderer, pilgrim ◇ Ety/383, VT/42:13, X/RH
wandering ◈ mist [mˈist] n. error, wandering ◇ Ety/373 ◈ rain* II [rˈɑjn] (rein II) n. erratic wandering ◇ VT/42:13
war ◈ auth I [ˈɑuθ] n. war, battle ◇ Ety/365, Ety/379
ware ◈ bach [bˈɑx] n. article (for exchange), ware, thing ◇ Ety/372
warm ◈ laug* [lˈɑug] (lhaug) adj. warm ◇ Ety/368, X/LH
warrior ◈ daug [dˈɑug] n. warrior, soldier (chiefly used of orcs) ◇ Ety/375 ◈ maethor [mˈɑɛθr̩] n. warrior ◇ Ety/371
waste ◈ eru [ˈɛru] n. waste, desert ◇ Ety/356
watch ◈ tir- [tˈir] v. to watch, to gaze, look at ◈ tiri [tˈiri] v. inf. of tir-, to watch, to gaze, look at ◇ Ety/394 ◈ tiria- [tˈiri.ɑ] pa. t. tiriant [tˈiri.ɑnt] v. to watch, to gaze, look at ◇ Ety/394 ◈ tirio [tˈiri.ɔ] v. inf. of tiria-, to watch, to gaze, look at ◇ Ety/394 ◈ tirith* [tˈiriθ] n. watch, guard (abstract noun), vigilance ◇ Ety/394, S/437, Letters/158, VT/42:11
watcher ◈ tirn [tˈirn] n. watcher ← heledirn Ety/394
water ◈ nen* [nˈɛn] pl. nîn* [nˈiːn] n. 1. water (used of a lake, pool or lesser river) ○ 2. by ext. waterland ◇ Ety/376, S/435, UT/457
waterfall ◈ lanthir* [lˈɑnθir] n. waterfall ◇ S/406, PM/349
waterland ◈ nen* [nˈɛn] pl. nîn* [nˈiːn] n. 1. water (used of a lake, pool or lesser river) ○ 2. by ext. waterland ◇ Ety/376, S/435, UT/457
watery ◈ nend [nˈɛnd] (nenn) adj. watery ◇ Ety/376, X/ND1 ◈ nîn* III [nˈiːn] adj. wet, watery ← Nindalf TC/195, S/435 ◈ nínui* [nˈiːnuj] n. and adj. 1. watery ○ 2. Cal. as a noun, the month of february ◇ LotR/D
way ◈ athrad* [ˈɑθrɑd] pl. ethraid* [ˈɛθrɑjd] n. (river-)crossing, ford, way ◇ Ety/349, Ety/383, UT/437 ◈ men* II [mˈɛn] n. way, road ◇ UT/281 ◈ othlonn* [ˈɔθlɔnn] (othlond, othlon) n. paved way ◇ Ety/370, X/ND4 ◈ pâd* [pˈɑːd] n. way ← Aphadon (*ap-pata), Tharbad (*thara-pata) WJ/387, S/438 ◈ rada- [rˈɑdɑ] v. to make a way, find a way ◈ rado [rˈɑdɔ] v. inf. of rada-, to make a way, find a way ◇ Ety/383 ◈ tê [tˈɛː] n. line, way ◇ Ety/391 ◈ tharbad* [θˈɑrbɑd] n. cross-way ◇ S/438
weaver ◈ nathron [nˈɑθrɔn] n. weaver, webster ◇ Ety/375
web ◈ gwî [gwˈiː] n. net, web ◇ Ety/398 ◈ lhing* [ɬˈiŋ] (thling) n. spider, spider's web, cobweb ◇ Ety/386, X/LH ◈ nath [nˈɑθ] n. web ◇ Ety/375
webster ◈ nathron [nˈɑθrɔn] n. weaver, webster ◇ Ety/375
wedge ◈ naith* [nˈɑjθ] pl. natsai [nˈɑtsɑj] n. any formation or projection tapering to a point: a spearhead, gore, wedge, narrow promontory, triangle ◇ Ety/387, UT/282
weed ◈ galenas* [gˈɑlɛnɑs] n. Bot. pipe-weed (leaf) or "westmansweed", a variety of Nicotiana ◇ LotR/V:VIII
weeping ◈ nîr [nˈiːr] n. tear, weeping ◇ Ety/376
well ◈ eithel* [ˈɛjθɛl̡] pl. eithil* [ˈɛjθil̡] n. spring, issue of water, well ◇ Ety/363, S/430, S/433, WJ/85, TC/187 ◈ mae* [mˈɑɛ] adv. well ◇ LotR/I:XII, Letters/308
werewolf ◈ gaur [gˈɑur] n. werewolf ◇ Ety/377 ◈ gaurhoth* [gˈɑur.hɔθ] n. class pl. of gaur, group of werewolves ◇ LotR/II:IV
west ◈ annûn* [ˈɑnnuːn] n. west, sunset ◇ Ety/376, S/428, LotR/VI:IV, LotR/E, LB/354, Letters/308 ◈ dûn* [dˈuːn] n. west ◇ Ety/376, S/428, LotR/E-F
western ◈ annui* [ˈɑnnuj] adj. western ◇ SD/129-31
westmansweed ◈ galenas* [gˈɑlɛnɑs] n. Bot. pipe-weed (leaf) or "westmansweed", a variety of Nicotiana ◇ LotR/V:VIII
westron ◈ annúnaid* [ɑnnˈuːnɑjd] n. Ling. the "Westron" language (one of the names for Common Speech) ◇ PM/316
wet ◈ limp* [lˈimp] (lhimp) adj. wet ◇ Ety/369, X/LH ◈ loen* [lˈɔɛn] adj. soaking wet, swamped ◇ VT/42:10 ◈ mesg [mˈɛsg] (mesc) adj. wet ◇ Ety/373 ◈ nîd [nˈiːd] adj. damp, wet, tearful ◇ Ety/376 ◈ nîn* III [nˈiːn] adj. wet, watery ← Nindalf TC/195, S/435
what ◈ man* [mɑn] pron. what? (?) ◇ TL/21:09
when ◈ ir* [ˈir] conj. when(?) ◇ LB/354 ◈ This word is not translated. It could be related to Quenya íre "when". Some scholars also consider that it could be the form taken by the article i before a vowel, on a pattern similar to ah. To this respect, it might be interesting to note the ir was the allative/dative form of the article in the old Gnomish lexixon, PE/11:9
whirl ◈ hwinia-* [ʍˈini.ɑ] v. to twirl, whirl, eddy ◈ hwinio* [ʍˈini.ɔ] (chwinio) v. inf. of hwinia-, to twirl, whirl, eddy ◇ Ety/388
whirling ◈ hwind* [ʍˈind] (chwind, chwinn) adj. twirling, whirling ◇ Ety/388, X/ND1, X/HW ◈ hwiniol* [ʍˈini.ɔl] (chwiniol) part. of hwinia-, whirling, giddy, fantastic ◇ Ety/388
whisper ◈ lhoss* [ɬɔˈss] (floss, thloss) n. whisper or rustling sound ◇ Ety/386, X/LH ◈ rhoss* II [ɹ̥ˈɔss] (thross) n. whisper or rustling sound ◇ Ety/386, X/RH
white ◈ brassen [brˈɑssɛn] adj. white-hot ◇ Ety/351 ◈ faen* [fˈɑɛn] (foen) adj. radiant, white ◇ Ety/381, X/OE ◈ fain* [fˈɑjn] (fein) adj. white ◇ Ety/387, WR/288, X/EI ◈ glân* I [glˈɑːn] adj. bright, shining white ← Curunír 'Lân UT/390 ◈ The word is deduced from its mutated form, but it is worth mentioning that a stem GALÁN "bright", with glan "daylight" and later "clear" as derivative, is listed in the Etymologies (not included in the published text), see VT/45:13. Most of the words meaning "white" in the Indo-Eureopean languages come from the original notion of "brightness", e.g. Greek leukós "white" is cognate with Latin lucere "to shine", lux "light". This association of sense is also found in Gnomish, PE11:39 (glan "clean, pure", from "bright" originally) and in Early Noldorin (PE13:144, glann "clean"). The similarity with Welsh glan (where the vowel, incidentally, is long, which is concealed by Welsh orthographic convention) is also striking ◈ gloss* [glˈɔss] adj. snow-white, dazzling-white ◇ Ety/359, RGEO/70, VT/42:18 ◈ nimp [nˈimp] (nim-) adj. pale, white ◇ Ety/378 ◈ silivren* [silˈivrɛn] adj. (white) glittering ◇ LotR/II:I, RGEO/72 ◈ uilos* [ˈujlɔs] n. and adj. 1. always white, ever white as snow ○ 2. Bot. as a noun, a small white everlasting flower also called simbelmynë, evermind, alfirin ◇ RGEO/74, Letters/278, UT/55 ◈ See also alfirin
whiten ◈ nimmida- [nˈimmidɑ] (nimmid) pa. t. nimmint [nˈimmint] v. to whiten ◇ Ety/378, X/Z
who ◈ ai* II [ɑj] pron. for those who ◇ VT/44:21,30 ◈ i* [i] pl. in* [in] art. and pron. 1. the ○ 2. who ◇ Ety/361, SD/129-31, Letters/308, Letters/417
wide ◈ land* II [lˈɑnd] (lhand, lhann) adj. wide, broad ← Landroval LotR/VI:IV, Ety/367, X/LH, X/ND1 ◈ pann II [pˈɑnn] adj. wide ◇ Ety/380 ◈ ûr II [ˈuːr] n. wide ◇ Ety/396
wield ◈ tortha- [tˈɔrθɑ] v. to wield, control ◈ tortho [tˈɔrθɔ] v. inf. of tortha-, to wield, control ◇ Ety/395
wife ◈ bess* [bˈɛss] n. f. 1. (young) woman ○ 2. wife ◇ Ety/352, SD/129-31 ◈ hervess [hˈɛrvɛs] (herves) n. f. wife ◇ Ety/352, Ety/364
wild ◈ brêg (corr. brerg) [brˈɛːg] adj. wild, fierce ◇ Ety/373 ◈ rhavan* [ɹ̥ˈɑvɑn] pl. rhevain* [ɹ̥ˈɛvɑjn] n. wild man ◇ WJ/219 ◈ rhovan* [ɹ̥ˈɔvɑn] adj. wild ← Rhovanion LotR/Map
wilderness ◈ gwaith* [gwˈɑjθ] n. 1. troop of able-bodied men, people ○ 2. by ext. region, wilderness ◇ Ety/398 ◈ rhaw II [ɹ̥ˈɑw] n. wilderness ◇ Ety/382, X/RH
will ◈ innas* [ˈinnɑs] n. will ◇ VT/44:21,26
willow ◈ tathar* [tˈɑθr̩] (tathor) n. Bot. willow-tree ◇ Ety/391, S/438 ◈ tathren* [tˈɑθrɛn] adj. of willow, having willows ◇ Ety/391, S/438
wily ◈ coru* [kˈɔru] (corw) adj. cunning, wily ◇ Ety/366, X/W
wind ◈ gwaew [gwˈɑɛw] n. wind ◈ sûl* I [sˈuːl] n. wind ◇ S/437
window ◈ henneth* [hˈɛnnɛθ] n. window ◇ S/428
windy ◈ gwaeren* [gwˈɑɛrɛn] adj. windy ◇ VT/42:15
wine ◈ gwin* [gwˈin] n. wine, vine ← Dorwinion LotR/Map, LB/11,26,17,112, LR/334,338, H/IX ◈ The wine of Dor-Winion occurs in the Lay of the children of Húrin and the place located either in the "burning South" in the first version, or probably east of the Blue Mountains in the second. Then we have Dorwinion as a meadow-land in Tol Eressëa at the end of the Quenta Silmarillion. It reappears in The Hobbit, and was finally placed North-West of the Sea of Rhûn in the decorated map by Pauline Baynes (see HL/115-117 for discussion). The meaning of this name is unknown and has been largely discussed. What do we have indeed in this "Winion", or rather gwinion since the initial w- must come from lenition? According to Christopher Tolkien, the Lay was begun c. 1918 and was composed during his father's stay at Leeds, a date meaning that the word can be Gnomish, possibly Early Noldorin, or in an indigenous language of Beleriand. In Gnomish and later in Doriathrin and Ilkorin there is a genitive plural ending -ion which may very well be contained in this word. Then we would segment gwin-ion "of gwin". The context calls for "wine", "vine" or something similar. It can hardly be a coincidence that gwin is precisely the Welsh word for "wine", a loan from the Latin vinum, as the English "wine" itself
wing ◈ rafn* [rˈɑvn] (rhafn) n. wing (horn), extended point at side, etc. ◇ Ety/382, X/RH ◈ roval* [rˈɔvɑl] (rhofal) pl. rovail* [rˈɔvɑjl] (rhofel) n. pinion, great wing (of eagle) ← Landroval LotR/VI:IV, Ety/382, X/RH
winter ◈ rhîw* [ɹ̥ˈiːw] n. Cal. winter season ◇ LotR/D
wise ◈ goll [gˈɔll] adj. wise ◇ Ety/377 ◈ golwen [gˈɔlwɛn] adj. wise, learned in deep arts ◇ Ety/377 ◈ idhren [ˈiðrɛn] adj. pondering, wise, thoughtful ◇ Ety/361 ◈ sael* [sˈɑɛl] adj. wise ← Saelon WJ/233, MR/305, SD/129-31
wish ◈ iest [jˈɛst] n. wish ◇ Ety/400
with ◈ ah* [ɑh] prep. and conj. and, with ◇ MR/329 ◈ The title Athrabeth Finrod ah Andreth is translated as "converse of Finrod and Andreth", but some scholars actually believe this word to be unrelated with the conjunction a I, ar "and", and they render it as "with". Other scholars consider that "and" and "with" (in the comitative sense) are not exclusive of each other, and regard ah as the form taken by this conjunction before a vowel. That a, ar and ah are etymologically related has finally been confirmed in VT43:29-30. Compare also with Welsh, where the coordination "and" also takes different forms whether it occurs before a vowel or a consonant (respectively ac and a). In written Welsh, a often triggers the aspirate mutation: bara a chaws "bread and cheese". This usage is seldom applied in colloquial Welsh (Modern Welsh §510) ◈ an- [ɑn] pref. with, by ◇ Ety/374 ◈ na* [nɑ] prep. 1. with, by (also used as a genitive sign) ○ 2. to, towards, at ◇ Ety/374, LotR/I:XII
withered ◈ tharn [θˈɑrn] adj. sapless, stiff, rigid, withered ◇ Ety/388
withering ◈ peleth* [pˈɛlɛθ] n. fading, withering ← Narbeleth LotR/D ◈ pelin [pˈɛlin] n. fading, withering ← Lhasbelin Ety/366
without ◈ ar- I [ɑr] pref. 1. Arch. etym. beside ○ 2. by ext. without ◇ Ety/349 ◈ pen* I [pɛn] prep. without, lacking, -less ← Iarwain ben-adar LotR/II:II
wizard ◈ curunír* [kˈurunˌiːr] (curunir) n. m. wizard ◇ Ety/366, LotR/III:VIII, LotR/B ◈ ithron* [ˈiθrɔn] pl. ithryn* [ˈiθryn] n. wizard ◇ UT/448, Letters/448
woe ◈ naeth* [nˈɑɛθ] n. 1. biting ○ 2. by ext. woe (gets senses of gnashing teeth in grief) ← Elu-naeth WJ/258, Ety/374-375
wolf ◈ draug* [drˈɑug] n. Zool. wolf ◇ Ety/354, S/430 ◈ garaf [gˈɑrɑv] n. wolf ◇ Ety/377 ◈ gaul [gˈɑul] n. wolf-howl ◇ Ety/377 ◈ gaurwaith* [gˈɑur.wɑjθ] n. wolf-men ◇ UT/85, UT/90
woman ◈ adaneth* [ˈɑdɑnɛθ] n. f. (mortal) woman ◇ MR/349 ◈ arwen* [ˈɑrwɛn] n. f. noble woman ← Arwen (name) LotR ◈ bess* [bˈɛss] n. f. 1. (young) woman ○ 2. wife ◇ Ety/352, SD/129-31 ◈ dess [dˈɛss] n. f. young woman ◇ Ety/375 ◈ dî [dˈiː] n. f. Poet. woman, lady ◇ Ety/352, Ety/354
wood ◈ eryn* [ˈɛryn] n. wood ◇ UT/436, LotR/B ◈ glad* [glˈɑd] n. wood ← Methed-en-Glad UT/452 ◈ taur* II [tˈɑur] n. great wood, forest ◇ Ety/391, S/420, S/438 ◈ tawar* [tˈɑwɑr] n. 1. wood (as a material) ○ 2. by ext. great wood, forest ← Tawar-in-Drúedain UT/467, Ety/391
wooden ◈ tawaren [tˈɑwɑrɛn] pl. tewerin [tˈɛwɛrin] adj. wooden ◇ Ety/391
woodpecker ◈ tavor [tˈɑvr̩] (tavr, tafr) n. Orn. woodpecker (bird) ◇ Ety/390
wool ◈ taw [tˈɑw] adj. of wool, woollen ◇ Ety/394
woollen ◈ taw [tˈɑw] adj. of wool, woollen ◇ Ety/394
word ◈ peth* [pˈɛθ] n. word ◇ Ety/366, LotR/II:IV, RS/463
world ◈ ardhon* [ˈɑrðɔn] n. 1. great region, province ○ 2. by ext. world ← Calenardhon S/386, PM/348 ◈ gardh* [gˈɑrð] n. 1. bounded or defined region ○ 2. by ext. world ◇ WJ/402
worn ◈ gern [gˈɛrn] adj. worn, old, decripit (used of things only) ◇ Ety/360
wose ◈ drû* [drˈuː] pl. drúin* [drˈuː.in] n. wild man, wose, púkel-man ◇ UT/385 ◈ In PE/11:31, an older Gnomish word drû, drui meant "wood, forest", and in PE/13:142, the early Noldorin word drú was assigned the meaning "dark". Drû pl. Drúin later came to be used for the name of the Woses, with other derivatives (Drúadan, etc.). "Wose" is actually the modernization of an Anglo-Saxon word wasa only found in the compound wudu-wasa "wild man of the woods", cf. UT/385 sq. In the drafts of the "Ride of the Rohirrim" in WR/343-346, the Woses first appear as "the dark men of Eilenach". Though internally said to derive from drughu in their own tongue, Tolkien's choice for the Sindarin name of the Woses was apparently influenced by earlier meanings assigned to this word ◈ drúadan* [drˈuːɑdɑn] pl. drúedain* [drˈuːɛdɑjn] n. Pop. wild man, one of the Woses ◇ UT/385 ◈ drúath* [drˈuːɑθ] n. coll. of drû, Pop. the people of the Drû (q.v.), the Woses ◇ UT/385
wound ◈ harna- [hˈɑrnɑ] v. to wound ◈ harno [hˈɑrnɔ] v. inf. of harna-, to wound ◇ Ety/386 ◈ haru* [hˈɑru] (harw) n. wound ◇ Ety/386, X/W
wounded ◈ harn II [hˈɑrn] adj. wounded ◇ Ety/386
woven ◈ remmen* [rˈɛmmɛn] pl. remmin* [rˈɛmmin] pp. woven, netted, tangled ← galadhremmin LotR/E, LotR/II:I, RGEO/72
wreath ◈ rî* [rˈiː] (rhî) n. crown, wreath, garland ◇ Ety/383, PM/347, X/RH
wright ◈ thavron [θˈɑvrɔn] n. carpenter, wright, builder ◇ Ety/388
write ◈ teitha- [tˈɛjθɑ] pa. t. teithant [tˈɛjθɑnt] v. to write ◇ LotR/II:IV ◈ teitho [tˈɛjθɔ] v. inf. of teitha-, to write ◇ Ety/391
wrong ◈ neitha-* [nˈɛjθɑ] v. to wrong, to deprive ← Neithan UT/456 ◈ raeg* [rˈɑɛg] (rhoeg) adj. crooked, bent, wrong ◇ Ety/383, X/OE, X/RH ◈ úthaes* [ˈuːθɑɛs] n. inducement to do wrong, temptation ◇ VT/44:30
wronged ◈ neithan* [nˈɛjθɑn] adj. deprived, wronged ◇ UT/456
yard ◈ sant* [sˈɑnt] n. garden, field, yard, or other place in private ownership whether enclosed or not ◇ VT/42:20
year ◈ ennin I [ˈɛnnin] n. Valian year ◇ Ety/400 ◈ idhrinn* [ˈiðrinn] (idhrind, idhrin) n. year ◇ Ety/383, Ety/400, X/ND4 ◈ în II [ˈiːn] n. year ◇ Ety/400 ◈ penninor [pˈɛnninɔr] (penninar) n. Cal. last day of the year ◇ Ety/400, X/Z
yelling ◈ glam* [glˈɑm] (glamm*, glamb*) n. 1. barbarous speech, shouting, confused noise ○ 2. din, uproar, the confused yelling and bellowing of beasts ○ 3. by ext. as a coll. noun, any body of orcs ◇ Ety/358, Ety/377, WJ/390, WJ/416
yellow ◈ malen [mˈɑlɛn] pl. melin [mˈɛlin] adj. yellow ◇ Ety/386
yoke ◈ ianu* [jˈɑnu] (ianw) n. (?) yoke ◇ Ety/400, X/W ◈ It originally meant "bridge" in the Etymologies, but was apparently switched with iant
young ◈ neth [nˈɛθ] adj. young ◇ Ety/377
youth ◈ nîth [nˈiːθ] n. youth ◇ Ety/377