Dictionary compiled and adapted from various sources.
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a* I [ɑ] (ar*) conj. and ◇ LotR/II:IV, LotR/VI:IV, S/428, SD/129-31, LB/354, Letters/308 ◈ See ah for the form that this conjunction might take before a vowel
a* II [ɑ] interj. O! ◇ Letters/308 ◈ See also ai I and ae I
ab-* [ɑb] pref. after, later ← Abonnen WJ/387
abonnen* [ɑbˈɔnnɛn] pl. ebœnnin* [ɛbˈɛnnin] n. and adj. 1. born later, born after ○ 2. as a noun, man, one born later than the Elves, a human being (elvish name for men) ◇ WJ/387 ◇ ab-+onnen "after-born"
acharn* [ˈɑxɑrn] n. vengeance ◇ WJ/254, WJ/301 ◇ OS *akkʰarna, CE *atkarnâ "reaction"
achas* [ˈɑxɑs] n. dread, fear ← Daerachas WJ/187 ◈ This might also be *gachas, mutated in composition
ad- [ɑd] pref. back, again, re- ◇ Ety/349, VT/45:6
ada [ˈɑdɑ] n. hypo. of adar, father, daddy ◇ Ety/349
adab [ˈɑdɑb] pl. edaib* [ˈɛdɑjb] (edeb) n. building, house ◇ Ety/390, WR/379-80, X/EI
adan* [ˈɑdɑn] pl. edain* [ˈɛdɑjn] n. man, one of the Second People (elvish name for men) ◇ LotR/A(v), S/427, PM/324, WJ/387, Letters/282 ◇ Q. atan ◈ adanath* n. coll.
adanadar* [ɑdˈɑnɑdɑr] pl. edenedair* [ɛdˈɛnɛdɑjr] n. man, one of the Fathers of Men ◇ MR/373 ◇ adan+adar
adanath* [ˈɑdɑnɑθ] n. coll. of adan, men ◇ MR/373
adaneth* [ˈɑdɑnɛθ] n. f. (mortal) woman ◇ MR/349 ◇ adan+-eth
adar* [ˈɑdɑr] pl. edair* [ˈɛdɑjr] (eder, edeir) n. father ◇ Ety/349, PM/324, MR/373, LotR/II:II, VT/44:21-22, X/EI ◈ ada n. hypo.
adel [ɑdɛl̡] prep. behind, in rear (of) ◇ Ety/392
adertha-* [ɑdˈɛrθɑ] v. to reunite ← Aderthad S/409 ◇ ad- + ertʰa- "to make one again", OS *atertʰa- ◈ aderthad* ger.
aderthad* [ɑdˈɛrθɑd] ger. of adertha-, reuniting, reunion ◇ S/409 ◇ OS *atertʰata
adlann* [ˈɑdlɑnn] (atland) adj. sloping, tilted ◇ Ety/390, X/TL, X/ND4
adlanna-* [ɑdlˈɑnnɑ] v. to slope, slant ◈ adlanno* v. inf.
adlanno* [ɑdlˈɑnnɔ] (atlanno) v. inf. of adlanna-, to slope, slant ◇ Ety/390, X/TL
adlant* [ˈɑdlɑnt] (atlant) adj. oblique, slanting ◇ Ety/390, X/TL
aduial* [ɑdˈuj.ɑl] n. the evening, time of star-opening, "evendim" ◇ LotR/D ◇ ad + uial "second twilight"
ae* I [ˈɑɛ] interj. O! ◇ VT/44:21,22 ◈ See also ai I and a II
ae† II conj. if ◇ [PJ-Movie] ◈ Dialogs: Bruinen Raid II (source: Gwaith i Phethdain). Conceivably reconstructed after Quenya ai-quen "if anybody, whoever" (WJ/372). Highly hypothetical, as it conflicts with ae I
aear* [ˈɑɛ.ɑr] n. sea ◈ Tolkien changed this word several times, see gaear
aearon* [ˈɑɛ.ɑrɔn] n. great sea, ocean ◈ Tolkien changed this word several times, see gaearon
aeg* [ˈɑɛg] n. point ← aeglir, aeglos, etc. ◈ The adjective oeg "sharp, pointed, piercing" from Ety/349 is perhaps rejected: Tolkien later decided that no cognate of Quenya aica "fell, terrible, dire" was used in Sindarin, "though aeg would have been its form if it had occurred" (PM/347). On the other hand, we have words such as aeglos and aeglir, so there must be a noun aeg "point"
aegais* pl. of aegas
aegas* [ˈɑɛgɑs] (oegas) pl. aegais* [ˈɑɛgɑjs] (oeges) n. mountain peak ◇ Ety/349, X/OE
aeglir* [ˈɑɛglir] (oeglir) n. range of mountain peaks ← Hithaeglir LotR, Ety/349, X/OE ◇ aeg+lîr
aeglos* [ˈɑɛglɔs] n. 1. Bot. snowthorn, a plant like furze (gorse), but larger and with white flowers ○ 2. Geol. icicle (a pendent spear of ice formed by the freezing of dripping water) ◇ UT/417, LotR/Index ◇ aeg+loss
ael* [ˈɑɛl] (oel) pl. aelin* [ˈɑɛlin] (oelin) n. lake, pool, mere ◇ Ety/349, S/427, X/OE
aelin* pl. of ael
aen* [ˈɑɛn] unkn. (unknown meaning) ◇ SD/129-31 ◈ Some scholars believe this word to be cognate to Quenya nai "may it be". Other think that it is the pronoun "they". The context in which this word occurs (The so-called "King's Letter") is not clear enough to intepret it with certainty
aer* I [ˈɑɛr] n. sea ◈ Tolkien changed this word several times, see aear, gaear
aer* II [ˈɑɛr] adj. holy ◇ VT/44:21,24
aerlinn* [ˈɑɛrlinn] n. (unknown meaning, perhaps a song about the sea, or possibly holy song) ◇ RGEO/70, X/ND4 ◇ aer+lind (?)"sea-song" or (?)"holy song", OS *airelinde
aes [ˈɑɛs] n. cooked food, meat ◇ Ety/349
aew* [ˈɑɛw] n. (small) bird ◇ Ety/348, S/434
aewen* [ˈɑɛwɛn] adj. of birds ← Linaewen S/434
agar* [ˈɑgɑr] n. blood ← Agarwaen S/378
agarwaen* [ɑgˈɑrwɑɛn] adj. bloodstained ◇ S/378 ◇ agar+gwaen
aglar* [ˈɑglɑr] n. glory, brilliance ◇ Ety/348, S/427, LotR/II:I, LotR/VI:IV, RGEO/73
aglareb* [ˈɑglɑrɛb] adj. glorious ◇ Ety/348, S/427, WJ/412
aglon → aglonn
aglond → aglonn
aglonn* [ˈɑglɔnn] (aglond, aglon) n. defile, pass between high walls ◇ Ety/348, X/ND4
agor I [ˈɑgr̩] (agr) adj. narrow ◇ Ety/348
agor* II irreg. pa. t. of car-
agr → agor I
ah* [ɑh] prep. and conj. and, with ◇ MR/329 ◈ The title Athrabeth Finrod ah Andreth is translated as "converse of Finrod and Andreth", but some scholars actually believe this word to be unrelated with the conjunction a I, ar "and", and they render it as "with". Other scholars consider that "and" and "with" (in the comitative sense) are not exclusive of each other, and regard ah as the form taken by this conjunction before a vowel. That a, ar and ah are etymologically related has finally been confirmed in VT43:29-30. Compare also with Welsh, where the coordination "and" also takes different forms whether it occurs before a vowel or a consonant (respectively ac and a). In written Welsh, a often triggers the aspirate mutation: bara a chaws "bread and cheese". This usage is seldom applied in colloquial Welsh (Modern Welsh §510)
ai* I [ˈɑj] interj. ah! ◇ LotR/I:XII ◈ Though attested in LotR, this word might relate to ae I, with the regular change from ai to ae between Noldorin and Sindarin
ai* II [ɑj] pron. for those who ◇ VT/44:21,30
aith [ˈɑjθ] n. spearpoint ◇ Ety/355
al- [ɑl] pref. no, not ◇ Ety/367
alae* [ˈɑlɑɛ] interj. (?) behold! ◇ UT/40 ◈ Compare with Quenya ela! "imperative exclamation directing sight to an actually visible object" (WJ/362)
alag [ˈɑlɑg] adj. rushing, impetuous ◇ Ety/348, VT/45:5
alagos [ˈɑlɑgɔs] n. storm of wind ◇ Ety/348
alf → alph
alfirin* [ˈɑlfirin] n. and adj. 1. immortal ○ 2. Bot. as a noun, name of a flower, bell-like and running through many soft and gentle colours ○ 3. Bot. as a noun, also used for another small white flower ◇ LotR/V:IX, Letters/402, UT/55, UT/303, UT/316, UT/417 ◇ al-+firin
alph* [ˈɑlf] (alf) pl. eilph* [ˈɛjlf] n. Orn. swan ◇ Ety/348, S/427, LotR/E, VT/42:7, X/PH
am I [ɑm] prep. 1. up, upwards ○ 2. upon ◇ Ety/348
am* II nasal assim. of an
amar [ˈɑmɑr] (ambar) n. earth ◇ Ety/372
amarth* [ˈɑmɑrθ] (ammarth) n. fate, doom ◇ Ety/372, S/427, LotR/A(i), TC/183
ambar → amar
amben → ambenn
ambend → ambenn
ambenn [ˈɑmbɛnn] (ambend, amben) adv. uphill, sloping upwards ◇ Ety/348, Ety/380, X/ND3, X/ND4 ◇ am+pend
amdir* [ˈɑmdir] n. hope based on reason ◇ MR/320 ◇ am+tîr "looking up"
amloth* [ˈɑmlɔθ] n. Mil. flower or floreate device used as crest fixed to the point of a helmet ◇ WJ/318 ◇ am+loth "uprising flower"
amlug [ˈɑmlug] n. dragon ◇ Ety/349, Ety/370
ammarth → amarth
ammen* [ˈɑmmɛn] pron. of us, for us, toward us ◇ LotR/II:IV, LB/354, VT/44:21,27 ◇ an+men
amon* [ˈɑmɔn] pl. emyn* [ˈɛmyn] (emuin) n. hill, steep-sided mount ◇ Ety/348, LotR/E
amrûn* [ˈɑmruːn] n. east, orient ◇ Ety/348, Ety/384, S/437, LotR/E ◇ am+rhûn "uprising, sunrise"
an- [ɑn] pref. with, by ◇ Ety/374
an* [ɑn] prep. to, towards, for ◇ LotR/II:IV, UT/39, SD/129-31 ◈ With suffixed article and elision in aglar'ni Pheriannath
anann* [ˈɑnɑnn] adv. long, for a long time ◇ LotR/VI:IV, Letters/308 ◇ an+and, OS *ananda
anc [ˈɑŋk] n. jaw, row of teeth ◇ Ety/348, Ety/374
and* [ˈɑnd] (ann) adj. long ◇ Ety/348, S/427, X/ND1
andabon → annabon
andaith* [ˈɑndɑjθ] (andeith) n. long-mark, sign used in writing alphabetic tengwar over a vowel, to indicate that it is lengthened. ◇ LotR/E, Ety/391, X/EI ◇ and+taith
andeith → andaith
andrann* [ˈɑndrɑnn] (anrand) n. cycle, age (100 Valian Years) ◇ Ety/382, X/ND4 ◈ Helge Fauskanger notes: the element and "long" would normally be preserved before r-, but d is lost because there is another d in the word (VT/41:9); however, this second d later disappeared in the change from -nd to -nn, and it is unclear whether or not an- would then revert to and- ◇ and+*rand "long cycle"
anfang [ˈɑnfɑŋ] pl. enfeng* [ˈɛnfɛŋ] n. one of the Longbeards (a tribe of dwarves) ◇ Ety/348, Ety/387, WJ/322 ◇ and+fang ◈ anfangrim* n. class pl.
anfangrim* [ɑnfˈɑŋgrim] n. class pl. of anfang, Longbeards (a tribe of dwarves) ◇ WJ/322 ◇ anfang+rim
ang* [ˈɑŋ] n. iron ◇ Ety/348, S/428, PM/347
angerthas* [ɑŋgˈɛrθɑs] n. Ling. runic alphabet, long rune-rows (extended version of the Cirth) ◇ S/427, LotR/E ◇ and+certhas
anglenna-* [ɑŋglˈɛnnɑ] v. to approach ← anglennatha SD/129-31 ◇ an+*glenna-, OS *añglenna-, CE *angledna- ◈ anglennatha* v. 3rd
anglennatha* [ɑŋglˈɛnnɑθɑ] v. 3rd of anglenna-, (he) will approach ◇ SD/129-31
angol I [ˈɑŋgɔl] n. stench ◇ Ety/378
angol II [ˈɑŋgɔl] n. Arch., Poet. deep lore, magic ◇ Ety/377
angren* [ˈɑŋgrɛn] pl. engrin* [ˈɛŋgrin] adj. of iron ◇ Ety/348, S/428
angwedh [ˈɑŋgwɛð] n. chain ◇ Ety/397 ◇ ang+gwedh "iron-bond"
anim* [ˈɑnim] pron. for myself ◇ LotR/A(v) ◈ See also enni ◇ an+im
aníra-* [ɑnˈiːrɑ] v. to desire ◇ SD/129-31 ◇ an+*íra- or *níra- (?) OS *anîra-
ann-thennath* [ˈɑnn.θˈɛnnɑθ] n. pl. a verse mode, lit. "long-shorts" (alternance of long and short vowels, or rather alternance of long and short verse units, possibly of masculine and feminine rhymes) ◇ LotR/I:XI ◈ The word is not translated by Tolkien. Refer to Tolkien's Legendarium p. 115 for a discussion of its probable meaning
ann → and
anna- [ˈɑnnɑ] v. to give ◈ anno v. inf. ◈ ónen* irreg. pa. t. 1st ◈ anno* v. imp.
annabon [ˈɑnnɑbɔn] (andabon) n. Zool. elephant ◇ Ety/372, X/ND2 ◇ and+*bond "long-snouted"
anno I [ˈɑnnɔ] v. inf. of anna-, to give ◇ Ety/348
anno* II [ˈɑnnɔ] v. imp. of anna-, give! ◇ VT/44:21,27
annon* [ˈɑnnɔn] pl. ennyn* [ˈɛnnyn] n. great door or gate ◇ Ety/348, S/428, LotR/II:IV, TAI/150
annui* [ˈɑnnuj] adj. western ◇ SD/129-31
annûn* [ˈɑnnuːn] n. west, sunset ◇ Ety/376, S/428, LotR/VI:IV, LotR/E, LB/354, Letters/308
annúnaid* [ɑnnˈuːnɑjd] n. Ling. the "Westron" language (one of the names for Common Speech) ◇ PM/316 ◇ OS *andûneitè
Anor* [ˈɑnɔr] n. sun ◇ Ety/348
anrand → andrann
ant [ˈɑnt] n. gift ◇ Ety/348
anu* [ˈɑnu] (anw) adj. male ◇ Ety/360, X/W ◈ A literal interpretation of the Etymologies would class this word as a noun, but David Salo notes that the punctuation in The Etymologies is not always reliable. Noldorin anw cannot be cognate to the Quenya noun hanu (*3anû) because the final -u would drop. It must rather be cognate to the Quenya adjective hanwa (*3anwâ) attested under the stem INI, where it is also stated that inw, corresponding to Quenya inya "female", has been remodelled after anw. The combination of these two entries, along with the phonological evidences, clearly indicates that anw is actually an adjective
anw → anu
anwar* [ˈɑnwɑr] n. awe ◇ UT/418, VT/42:23
aphad-* [ˈɑffɑd] v. to follow ◇ WJ/387 ◈ In WJ/387, the verbal stem is given as aphad-, and the etymology as *ap-pata. If we follow the latter, the verb should perhaps read aphada- ◇ ab-+pad- "to walk behind, on a track or path"
aphadon* [ˈɑffɑdɔn] pl. ephedyn* [ˈɛffɛdyn] n. 1. follower ○ 2. by ext. man (elvish name for men) ◇ WJ/387 ◈ aphadrim* n. class pl.
aphadrim* [ɑffˈɑdrim] n. class pl. of aphadon, followers, men (elvish name for men) ◇ WJ/387 ◇ aphad-+rim
ar- I [ɑr] pref. 1. Arch. etym. beside ○ 2. by ext. without ◇ Ety/349
ar-* II → ara-
ar* → a I
âr [ˈɑːr] n. king (used of a lord or king of a specified region) ◇ Ety/389 ◈ See also taur I
ara-* [ɑrɑ] (ar-*) pref. high, noble, royal ◇ S/428 ◇ Reduced form of aran, element in the names of the kings of Arnor and Arthedain
arad [ˈɑrɑd] n. daytime, a day ◇ Ety/349
aran* [ˈɑrɑn] pl. erain* [ˈɛrɑjn] n. king (used of a lord or king of a specified region) ◇ Ety/360, S/428, LotR/II:IV, LotR/VI:VII, SD/129-31, Letters/426
aranarth* [ˈɑrɑnɑrθ] n. kingdom, "king-holding" ◇ VT/44:22,25 ◈ In Tolkien's manuscript, this form was rejected in favor of arnad
aras* [ˈɑrɑs] n. Zool. deer ◇ WJ/156-157
ardh [ˈɑrð] n. realm, region ◇ Ety/360
ardhon* [ˈɑrðɔn] n. 1. great region, province ○ 2. by ext. world ← Calenardhon S/386, PM/348
arn* [ˈɑrn] adj. royal ← arn(a)gon-ath Letters/427 ◈ See also arnen
arnad* [ˈɑrnɑd] n. kingdom ◇ VT:44:21,25
arnediad [ɑrnˈɛdi.ɑd] (arnœdiad*) adj. innumerable, countless, endless, without reckoning, numberless ◇ Ety/349, Ety/378, S/428 ◇ ar-+nediad
arnen* [ˈɑrnɛn] pl. ernin* [ˈɛrnin] adj. (?) royal ← Emyn Arnen, Lonnath-Ernin LotR/V:I, WR/294, WR/370 ◈ Originally, Lonnath-Ernin might have been intended to mean 'royal havens', assuming the second element to be a regular adjective. However, the second element in Emyn Arnen 'hills of Arnen' is singular, and Tolkien later decided that it should mean 'Hill beside the water', see VT/42:7 and HL/119-124. Nevertheless, this meaning cannot apply to Lonnath-Ernin (havens are near water by definition), so unless we entirely reject this earlier form, we may assume that an adjective 'royal' is still possible. See also arn
arnœdiad* → arnediad
arod* [ˈɑrɔd] adj. noble ◇ PM/363, VT/41:9
aronoded [ɑrˈɔnɔdɛd] adj. innumerable, countless, endless ◇ Ety/378 ◈ See also arnediad ◇ ar-gonoded
arphen* [ˈɑrfɛn] pl. erphin* [ˈɛrfin] n. a noble ◇ WJ/376 ◇ ar-+pen
arphent* pa. t. "and (he) said" ◇ TL/21:09 ◇ ar+pent "and (he/she) said"
arth* [ˈɑrθ] adj. (unknown meaning, perhaps noble, lofty, exalted) ← Arthedain LotR ◇ Q arta or OS *artʰa, CE *arâtâ
arwen* [ˈɑrwɛn] n. f. noble woman ← Arwen (name) LotR ◇ ar-+gwend
ascar → asgar
asgar [ˈɑsgɑr] (ascar) adj. violent, rushing, impetuous ◇ Ety/386
asogant pa. t. of soga-
ast [ˈɑst] n. dust ◇ Ety/349
ath- [ɑθ] pref. on both sides, across ◇ Ety/349
athan* [ɑθɑn] prep. beyond ◇ SD/62
athelas* [ˈɑθɛlɑs] n. Bot. "kingsfoil", a healing herb brought to Middle-earth by the Númenóreans ◇ LotR/V:VIII ◇ Q athea "benefical, helpful" + CS las "leaf"
athra-* [ɑθrɑ] pref. across ← Athrabeth MR/329
athrabeth* [ˈɑθrɑbɛθ] n. debate, converse ◇ MR/329 ◇ athra-+peth "cross-talk"
athrad* [ˈɑθrɑd] pl. ethraid* [ˈɛθrɑjd] n. (river-)crossing, ford, way ◇ Ety/349, Ety/383, UT/437
athrada- [ˈɑθrɑdɑ] v. to cross, traverse ◇ ath-+rada- ◈ athrado v. inf.
athrado [ˈɑθrɑdɔ] v. inf. of athrada-, to cross, traverse ◇ Ety/383
atland → adlann
atlanno → adlanno
atlant → adlant
aur* [ˈɑur] n. day, sunlight, morning ◇ Ety/349, S/439 ◈ See also calan
auth I [ˈɑuθ] n. war, battle ◇ Ety/365, Ety/379
auth* II [ˈɑuθ] n. a dim shape, spectral or vague apparition ◇ VT/42:9
ava-* [ˈɑvɑ] aux. will not ◈ avad* ger. ◈ avo* v. imp. ◈ avon* v. 1st ◈ avam* v. 1st pl.
avad* [ˈɑvɑd] ger. of ava-, refusal, reluctance ◇ WJ/371
avam* [ˈɑvɑm] v. 1st pl. of ava-, we won't ◇ WJ/371
avo* [ˈɑvɔ] v. imp. of ava-, don't! ◇ WJ/371 ◈ Used as a negative adverb before an imperative: avo garo "don't do it!". Sometimes used as prefix: avgaro
avon* [ˈɑvɔn] v. 1st of ava-, I won't ◇ WJ/371
avorn* [ˈɑvɔrn] adj. staying, fast ← Baravorn Hamfast, SD/129-31
awarth [ˈɑwɑrθ] n. abandonment ◇ Ety/397
awartha- [ɑwˈɑrθɑ] v. to forsake, abandon ◇ Ety/397
bach [bˈɑx] n. article (for exchange), ware, thing ◇ Ety/372
bachor [bˈɑxr̩] n. pedlar ◇ Ety/372
bâd [bˈɑːd] n. beaten track, pathway ◇ Ety/351
badhor [bˈɑðr̩] n. judge ◇ Ety/350
badhron [bˈɑðrɔn] n. judge ◇ Ety/350
bain* [bˈɑjn] (bein) adj. beautiful, fair ◇ Ety/351, Ety/359, X/EI
bair* pl. of bar
balan* [bˈɑlɑn] pl. belain* [bˈɛlɑjn] (belein, belen) n. Theo. Vala, divine power, divinity ◇ Ety/350, S/439, Letters/427, X/EI
balch [bˈɑlx] adj. cruel ◇ Ety/377
band* [bˈɑnd] (bann) n. duress, prison, custody, safe-keeping ◇ Ety/371, S/428, MR/350, X/ND1
banga- [bˈɑŋgɑ] v. to trade ◇ Ety/372
bann → band
bar* [bˈɑr] pl. bair* [bˈɑjr] n. 1. dwelling, home ○ 2. by ext. inhabited land ◇ S/428, WR/379-80, SD/129-31
bara [bˈɑrɑ] adj. 1. fiery ○ 2. eager ◇ Ety/351
barad I [bˈɑrɑd] adj. doomed ◇ Ety/372
barad* II [bˈɑrɑd] pl. beraid* [bˈɛrɑjd] n. tower, fortress ◇ Ety/351, S/428, LotR/B
baradh [bˈɑrɑð] adj. steep ◇ Ety/351
baran* [bˈɑrɑn] n. brown, swart, dark brown, golden brown, yellow brown ◇ Ety/351, LotR/F, TC/179
bartha- [bˈɑrθɑ] v. to doom ◈ bartho v. inf.
bartho [bˈɑrθɔ] v. inf. of bartha-, to doom ◇ Ety/372
basgorn [bˈɑsgɔrn] n. loaf (of bread) ◇ Ety/372, Ety/365 ◇ bast+corn "round bread"
bass* [bˈɑss] n. bread ← besain, besoneth, imbas PM/404-405, VT/44:21 ◈ In the Etymologies, the word for 'bread' is given as bast, Quenya masta, but it seems that Tolkien later changed his mind and updated the word to bass, as shown in Quenya massánie, Sindarin besain, besoneth 'bread-giver', and in the mutated form mbas. These later Sindarin forms are however dubious; we would rather have expected bessain (as a regular cognate of Quenya massánie) and bassoneth (without i-affection)
bassoneth* [bˈɑssonɛθ] (besoneth*) n. f. bread-giver ◇ PM/404-405, X/Z ◈ See bass for a discussion regarding this word ◇ bass+oneth
bast [bˈɑst] n. bread ◇ Ety/372 ◈ See bass
batha- [bˈɑθɑ] v. to trample ◈ batho v. inf.
batho [bˈɑθɔ] v. inf. of batha-, to trample ◇ Ety/352
baudh [bˈɑuð] n. judgement ◇ Ety/350
baug [bˈɑug] adj. tyrannous, cruel, oppressive ◇ Ety/372
baugla- [bˈɑuglɑ] v. to oppress ◈ bauglo v. inf.
bauglir [bˈɑuglir] n. tyrant, oppressor ◇ Ety/372
bauglo [bˈɑuglɔ] v. inf. of baugla-, to oppress ◇ Ety/372
baul [bˈɑul] n. torment ◇ Ety/377
baur [bˈɑur] n. need ◇ Ety/372
baw* [bˈɑw] interj. no, don't! ◇ WJ/371
bêd* soft mut. of pêd
bein → bain
belain* pl. of balan
beleg* [bˈɛlɛg] adj. great, mighty ◇ Ety/352, S/428
belein pl. of balan → belain
belen pl. of balan → belain
bell* [bˈɛl̡l] (belt) adj. strong in body ◇ Ety/352, X/LD
bellas [bˈɛl̡lɑs] n. bodily strength ◇ Ety/352
belt → bell
ben* [bɛn] prep. according to the, in the ◇ SD/129-31 ◇ OS *be, with suffixed article (?)
benn [bˈɛnn] n. m. man, male ◇ Ety/352, VT/45:9 ◇ "husband"
bennas [bˈɛnnɑs] n. angle, corner ◇ Ety/352, Ety/375
beor → bŷr I
beraid* pl. of barad II
berein pl. of bôr → bŷr II
beren I [bˈɛrɛn] adj. bold ◇ Ety/352
beren II pl. of bôr → bŷr II
bereth* [bˈɛrɛθ] n. queen, spouse ◇ Ety/351, RGEO/74
beria- [bˈɛri.ɑ] v. to protect ◈ berio v. inf.
berio [bˈɛri.ɔ] v. inf. of beria-, to protect ◇ Ety/351
bertha- [bˈɛrθɑ] v. to dare ◈ bertho v. inf.
bertho [bˈɛrθɔ] v. inf. of bertha-, to dare ◇ Ety/352
besain* → bessain
besoneth* → bassoneth
bess* [bˈɛss] n. f. 1. (young) woman ○ 2. wife ◇ Ety/352, SD/129-31
bessain* [bˈɛssɑjn] (besain*) n. f. bread-giver ◇ PM/404-405, X/Z ◈ See bass for a discussion regarding this word
beth* soft mut. of peth
bior → bŷr I
blab- [blˈɑb] v. to beat, batter, flap (wings, etc.) ◈ blâb v. 3rd ◈ blebi v. inf.
blâb [blˈɑːb] v. 3rd of blab-, (he) flaps, beats ◇ Ety/380 ◈ The Etymologies seem to list this word as a noun, but it is clearly the third person singular of the verb
blebi [blˈɛbi] v. inf. of blab-, to beat, batter, flap (wings, etc.) ◇ Ety/380
bo* [bɔ] prep. on ◇ VT/44:21,26
boda-* [bˈɔdɑ] v. to ban, prohibit ◇ WJ/371
boe* [bˈɔɛ] (bui) v. impers. to need ◇ Ety/372, X/Z
bôr (corr. bór) [bˈɔːr] pl. bŷr (corr. býr) [bˈyːr] (berein, beren) n. steadfast, trusty man, faithful vassal ◇ Ety/353
born* [bˈɔrn] adj. hot, red ◇ Letters/426-27
both [bˈɔθ] n. puddle, small pool ◇ Ety/372
bragol* [brˈɑgɔl] adj. sudden ◇ S/429
brand [brˈɑnd] (brann) adj. 1. lofty, noble, fine ○ 2. high (in size) ◇ Ety/351, TAI/150, X/ND1
brann → brand
brannon [brˈɑnnɔn] n. m. lord ◇ Ety/351
brass [brˈɑss] n. white heat ◇ Ety/351
brassen [brˈɑssɛn] adj. white-hot ◇ Ety/351
brêg (corr. brerg) [brˈɛːg] adj. wild, fierce ◇ Ety/373
breged [brˈɛgɛd] n. violence, suddenness ◇ Ety/352
bregol [brˈɛgɔl] adj. violent, sudden, fierce ◇ Ety/352, Ety/373
bregolas [brˈɛgɔlɑs] n. fierceness ◇ Ety/352
breitha- [brˈɛjθɑ] v. to break out suddenly ◈ breitho v. inf.
breitho [brˈɛjθɔ] v. inf. of breitha-, to break out suddenly ◇ Ety/352
brennil [brˈɛnnil̡] n. f. lady ◇ Ety/351
brethel → brethil I
brethil* I [brˈɛθil̡] (brethel) pl. brethil* n. Bot. beech, beech-tree, silver birch ◇ Ety/352, Ety/376, S/429
brith [brˈiθ] n. gravel ◇ Ety/353
brôg [brˈɔːg] n. Zool. bear ◇ Ety/374
brona- [brˈɔnɔ] v. to last, to survive ◈ bronad ger. ◈ brono v. inf.
bronad [brˈɔnɑd] ger. of brona-, survival ← bronadui Ety/353
bronadui [brˈɔnɑduj] adj. enduring, lasting ◇ Ety/353
brenia- [brˈɛni.ɑ] v. to endure ◈ brenio v. inf.
brenio (corr. bronio) [brˈɛni.ɔ] v. inf. of brenia-, to endure ◇ Ety/353, VT/45:7
brono [brˈɔnɔ] v. inf. of brona-, to last, to survive ◇ Ety/353
bronwe* [brˈɔnwɛ] n. endurance, lasting quality, faith ◇ Ety/353, SD/62
brui* [brˈuj] adj. loud, noisy ← Bruinen LotR/Index
brûn [brˈuːn] adj. old, that has long endured, or been established, or in use ◇ Ety/353
bui → boe
buia- [bˈuj.ɑ] v. to serve, to hold allegiance to ◈ buio v. inf.
buio [bˈuj.ɔ] v. inf. of buia-, to serve, to hold allegiance to ◇ Ety/353
bund [bˈund] (bunn) n. 1. snout, nose ○ 2. by ext. cape (of land) ◇ Ety/372, X/ND2
bunn → bund
bŷr* I [bˈyːr] (bior, beor) n. follower, vassal ◇ Ety/352, X/IU
bŷr (corr. býr) II pl. of bôr
cab-* [kˈɑb] v. to leap ← cabed S/386, WJ/100 ◈ cabed* ger.
cabed* [kˈɑbɛd] ger. of cab-, 1. leap ○ 2. by ext. deep gorge ◇ S/386, WJ/100 ◈ Emended by Tolkien from earlier cabad. This is our sole late example that basic verbs should perhaps form their gerund in -ed, whereas derived verbs are well attested to use -ad (cf. aderthad)
cabor [kˈɑbr̩] (cabr) n. Zool. frog ◇ Ety/362 ◇ MS *kabr, OS *kapro "leaper"
cabr → cabor
cadu* [kˈɑdu] (cadw) adj. shaped, formed ◇ Ety/362-363, X/W
cadw → cadu
cadwar → cadwor
cadwor [kˈɑdwr̩] (cadwar) adj. shapely ◇ Ety/363
cae* [kˈɑɛ] (coe) n. earth ◇ Ety/363, X/OE ◈ This word is indeclinable, according to the Etymologies
cael [kˈɑɛl] n. lying in bed, sickness ◇ Ety/363
caeleb [kˈɑɛlɛb] adj. bedridden, sick ◇ Ety/363
caer [kˈɑɛr] adj. num. ten ◇ Ety/363 ◈ See also pae
caew [kˈɑɛw] n. lair, resting-place ◇ Ety/363
cai* [kˈɑj] n. hedge ◇ UT/282
cail* [kˈɑjl] n. fence or palisade of spikes and sharp stakes ◇ UT/282
caint* pl. of cant
cair* [kˈɑjr] (ceir) n. ship ◇ Ety/365, LotR/A(iv), X/EI
calad* [kˈɑlɑd] ger. light ◇ Ety/362, UT/65
calan* [kˈɑlɑn] n. day, period of actual daylight ◇ aLotR/D ◈ Attested in the first edition of LotR, but omitted from the second. See also aur
calar* [kˈɑlɑr] n. lamp ← celerdain LotR/V:I, WR/287
calardan* [kɑlˈɑrdɑn] pl. celerdain* [kɛlˈɛrdɑjn] n. lampwright ◇ LotR/V:I, WR/287 ◇ calar+tân
calben* [kˈɑlbɛn] pl. celbin* [kˈɛl̡bin] n. 1. elf of the Great Journey (lit. "light person") ○ 2. by ext. all Elves but the Avari ◇ WJ/362, WJ/376-377, WJ/408-409
calen* [kˈɑlɛn] pl. celin* [kˈɛlin] adj. green ◇ Ety/362, S/429, Letters/282 ◇ Etymologically "bright-coloured"
calf → calph
callon [kˈɑllɔn] n. hero ◇ Ety/362
calph* [kˈɑlf] (calf) n. water-vessel ◇ Ety/362, X/PH
cam* [kˈɑm] (camb, camm) n. hand ◇ Ety/361, Ety/371, S/429
camb → cam
camland → camlann
camlann* [kˈɑmlɑnn] (camland) n. palm of hand ◇ Ety/367, X/ND4 ◇ cam+land
camm → cam
can-* [kˈɑn] v. to cry out, shout, call ◇ PM/361-362
canad* [kˈɑnɑd] adj. num. four ◇ Ety/362, VT/42:24,25
canath* [kˈɑnɑθ] n. 'quarter', silver coin used in Gondor, the fourth part of a 'mirian' → mirian ◇ PM/45
cand* [kˈɑnd] (cann) adj. bold ◇ Ety/362, X/ND1
cann → cand
cannas [kˈɑnnɑs] n. shaping ← Dorgannas WJ/192, WJ/206
cant [kˈɑnt] pl. caint* [kˈɑjnt] n. outline, shape ← morchaint S/432, Ety/362, VT/42:28
canthui* [kˈɑnθuj] adj. num. fourth ◇ VT/42:25,27
car-* [kˈɑr] irreg. pa. t. agor* [ˈɑgɔr] v. to do ← avo garo WJ/371, WJ/415 ◈ cared ger. ◈ cerir* v. 3rd pl. ◈ caro* v. imp.
car [kˈɑr] (cardh) n. house, building ◇ Ety/362
carab* [kˈɑrɑb] n. hat ◇ WJ/187
carach* [kˈɑrɑx] n. jaw ◇ S/429
caraes [kˈɑrɑɛs] n. jagged hedge of spikes ← Helcharaes Ety/362
carag [kˈɑrɑg] n. spike, tooth of rock ◇ Ety/362
caran* [kˈɑrɑn] adj. red ◇ Ety/362, S/429, LotR/E
caras* [kˈɑrɑs] n. city (built above ground) ◇ Ety/362, LotR/II:VII
carch* [kˈɑrx] n. tooth, fang ◇ Ety/362, S/429
cardh I → car
cardh II [kˈɑrð] n. deed, feat ◇ Ety/362 ◈ Dialectal carth
cared [kˈɑrɛd] ger. of car-, making, doing ← ceredir Ety/354
caro* [kˈɑrɔ] v. imp. of car-, do! make! ◇ VT/44:21,25
cast* [kˈɑst] n. cape, headland ← Angast VT/42:28
cathrae* [kˈɑθrɑɛ] n. tressure, net for combining the hair ◇ VT/42:12
caul* [kˈɑul] n. great burden, affliction ◇ VT/39:10
caun* I [kˈɑun] n. outcry, clamor ◇ PM/361-362 ◈ conath* n. coll.
caun II [kˈɑun] n. valour ◇ Ety/362
caun III → cofn
caun* IV [kˈɑun] pl. conin* [kˈɔnin] n. prince, ruler ◇ LotR/VI:IV, Letters/308 ◇ MS *kaun, Q. cáno
caw [kˈɑw] n. top ◇ Ety/362
ceber* [kˈɛbɛr] pl. cebir* [kˈɛbir] n. stake, spike, stone ridge ◇ Ety/363, LotR/II:VIII, S/437
cebir* pl. of ceber
cef [kˈɛv] pl. ceif [kˈɛjv] n. soil ◇ Ety/363
cefn [kˈɛvn] (cevn) adj. earthen ◇ Ety/363, X/Z
ceif pl. of cef
ceir → cair
ceirdan → círdan
celair* [kˈɛlɑjr] (celeir) adj. brilliant ◇ Ety/362, X/EI
celbin* pl. of calben
celeb* [kˈɛlɛb] n. silver ◇ Ety/367, S/429, LotR/E, Letters/426
celebren [kɛlˈɛbrɛn] pl. celebrin* [kɛlˈɛbrin] adj. like silver (in hue or worth) ◇ Ety/367, S/429
celebrin* pl. of celebren
celefn → celevon
celeg* [kˈɛlɛg] adj. swift, agile, hasty ◇ Ety/366, PM/353, VT/41:10
celeir → celair
celerdain* pl. of calardan
celevon [kˈɛlɛvn̩] (celefn) adj. of silver ◇ Ety/367
celin* pl. of calen
cell* [kˈɛl̡l] adj. 1. running ○ 2. by ext. flowing (of water) ← Celduin LotR/Map
celon [kˈɛlɔn] n. river ← Celon (name) Ety/363
celu* [kˈɛlu] (celw) n. spring, source ◇ Ety/363, X/W
celw → celu
cen- [kˈɛn] v. to see ← cenedril TI/184 ◈ cened ger.
cened [kˈɛnɛd] ger. of cen-, seeing, sight ← cenedril TI/184
cenedril [kɛnˈɛdril̡] n. looking-glass, mirror ◇ TI/184, RS/466 ◇ cened+rill
cennan [kˈɛnnɑn] n. potter ◇ Ety/390 ◇ cêf+tân
cerch [kˈɛrx] n. sickle ◇ Ety/365
ceredir [kˈɛrɛdˌir] n. doer, maker ◇ Ety/354 ◇ cared+dîr
cerin* [kˈɛrin] n. 1. circular enclosure ○ 2. by ext. mound ◇ Ety/365, S/429
cerir* [kˈɛrir] v. 3rd pl. of car-, they do ◇ VT/44:22,30
certh* [kˈɛrθ] pl. cirth* [kˈirθ] n. rune ◇ WJ/396, LotR/E ◇ Etymologically "cutting"
certhas* [kˈɛrθɑs] n. Ling. runic alphabet, rune-rows ◇ LotR/E ◇ certh+-as
cerveth* [kˈɛrvɛθ] n. Cal. july (month) ◇ LotR/D
ceven* [kˈɛvɛn] n. Earth ◇ VT/44:21,27
cevn → cefn
chaered* soft mut. of haered
chebin* soft mut. of hebin
cherdir* soft mut. of herdir
chîn* pl. nasal mut. of hên II
chwand → hwand
chwann → hwand
chwest → hwest
chwîn → hwîn
chwind → hwind
chwinio → hwinio
chwiniol → hwiniol
chwinn → hwind
cîl [kˈiːl] n. cleft, pass between hills, gorge ◇ Ety/365
cirban → círbann
círbann* [kˈiːrbɑnn] (cirban) n. haven ◇ Ety/380, X/ND4 ◇ cair+pand
cirdan → círdan
círdan* [kˈirdɑn] (cirdan, ceirdan) n. shipbuilder ◇ Ety/365, Ety/390, LotR/VI:IX ◇ cair+tân
cirion* [kˈiri.ɔn] n. m. shipman, sailor ← Cirion (name)
cirith* [kˈiriθ] n. cleft, high climbing pass, narrow passage cut through earth or rock ◇ S/387, UT/426, TC/181
cirth* pl. of certh
claur [klˈɑur] n. Poet. splendour, glory ◇ Ety/362
coe → cae
côf* [kˈɔːv] n. bay ◇ VT/42:15
cofn [kˈɔvn] (caun) adj. empty, void ◇ Ety/366
côl [kˈɔːl] n. gold (metal) ◇ Ety/365
coll I [kˈɔll] adj. (golden) red ◇ Ety/365, X/LD
coll* II [kˈɔll] adj. hollow ◇ WJ/414
coll* III [kˈɔll] n. cloak, mantle ← Thingol S/421, MR/385
conath* [kˈɔnɑθ] n. coll. of caun I, 1. many voices ○ 2. by ext. lamentation ◇ PM/361-362
condir* [kˈɔndir] n. m. mayor ◇ SD/129-31 ◇ caun+dîr
conin* pl. of caun IV
conui* [kˈɔnuj] adj. commanding, ruling (?) ← Argonui LotR/A(ii) ◇ caun+-ui
corch [kˈɔrx] n. crow ◇ Ety/362
cordof* [kˈɔrdɔv] n. Bot. pippin (seed of certain fruits, or more probably small red apple) ◇ SD/129-31
corn [kˈɔrn] adj. round, globed ◇ Ety/365
coron* [kˈɔrɔn] n. 1. globe, ball ○ 2. by ext. mound ◇ Ety/365, S/429
coru* [kˈɔru] (corw) adj. cunning, wily ◇ Ety/366, X/W
corw → coru
cost [kˈɔst] n. quarrel ◇ Ety/365
coth [kˈɔθ] n. 1. enmity ○ 2. enemy ◇ Ety/365
craban* [krˈɑbɑn] pl. crebain* [krˈɛbɑjn] n. kind of crow of large size, raven ◇ LotR/II:III
cram* [krˈɑm] (cramb) n. cake of compressed flour or meal (often containing honey and milk) ◇ Ety/365, LotR/II:VIII
cramb → cram
crann [krˈɑnn] adj. ruddy (of face) ◇ Ety/362
crebain* pl. of craban
criss [krˈiss] n. cleft, cut, slash ◇ Ety/365, VT/45:23
crist [krˈist] n. cleaver, sword ◇ Ety/365
critha- [krˈiθɑ] v. to reap ◈ critho v. inf.
critho [krˈiθɔ] v. inf. of critha-, to reap ◇ Ety/365
crom [krˈɔm] n. left ◇ Ety/366
crum [krˈum] n. left hand ◇ Ety/366
crumui [krˈumuj] adj. left-handed ◇ Ety/366
cû* [kˈuː] n. 1. arch, crescent ○ 2. by ext. bow ◇ Ety/365, S/429
cugu [kˈugu] n. dove ◇ Ety/365
cuia-* [kˈuj.ɑ] v. to live ◈ cuio* v. imp.
cuil [kˈujl] n. life ◇ Ety/366
cuin [kˈujn] adj. alive ◇ Ety/366
cuina- [kˈujnɑ] v. to be alive ◈ cuino v. inf. ◈ cuinar* v. 3rd pl.
cuinar* [kˈujnɑr] v. 3rd pl. of cuina-, (they) live ← i-chuinar Letters/417
cuino [kˈujnɔ] v. inf. of cuina-, to be alive ◇ Ety/366
cuio* [kˈuj.ɔ] v. imp. of cuia-, live! ◇ LotR/VI:IV, Letters/308
cum [kˈum] (cumb) n. mound, heap ◇ Ety/365
cumb → cum
cûn [kˈuːn] adj. bowed, bow-shaped, bent ◇ Ety/365
cund* [kˈund] (cunn) n. Arch. prince ◇ Ety/366, VT/45:24, X/ND1
cunn → cund
cúran → cúron
cúron* [kˈuːrɑn] (cúran) n. the crescent moon ◇ Ety/365, X/Z ◇ cû+raun
curu [kˈuru] (curw) n. craft, skill ◇ Ety/366, X/W
curunir → curunír
curunír* [kˈurunˌiːr] (curunir) n. m. wizard ◇ Ety/366, LotR/III:VIII, LotR/B ◇ curu+dîr "man of skill"
curw → curu
cyll* [kˈyll] n. bearer ← Taengyl, Tengyl MR/385
dad [dˈɑd] adv. down, downwards ◇ Ety/354
dadben → dadbenn
dadbenn [dˈɑdbɛnn] (dadben) adv. downhill, inclined, prone ◇ Ety/354, Ety/380, X/ND4 ◇ dad+pend
dae* [dˈɑɛ] n. shadow ◇ Ety/354, S/430
daedelu [dˈɑɛdɛlu] n. canopy ◇ Ety/391 ◇ dae+telu
daen [dˈɑɛn] n. corpse ◇ Ety/375
daer* I [dˈɑɛr] adj. great ◇ UT/450, WJ/187, WJ/335, VT/42:11
daer* II [dˈɑɛr] (doer) n. bridegroom ◇ Ety/375, X/OE
dâf [dˈɑːv] n. permission ◇ Ety/353
dag- [dˈɑg] v. to slay ◈ dangen pp. ◈ degi v. inf.
dagnir* [dˈɑgnir] n. 1. slayer ○ 2. by ext. bane ◇ S/430 ◇ dag-+dîr
dagor* [dˈɑgr̩] (dagr) n. battle ◇ Ety/375, S/430 ◈ dagorath* n. coll.
dagorath* [dˈɑgɔrɑθ] n. coll. of dagor, all the battles ◇ UT/395-396
dagr → dagor
dagra- [dˈɑgrɑ] v. to battle ◈ dagro v. inf.
dagro [dˈɑgrɔ] v. inf. of dagra-, to battle ◇ Ety/375
dalath → talath
dalf → talf I
dalw → talu
dam [dˈɑm] n. hammer ◇ Ety/375
dambeth* [dˈɑmbɛθ] n. answer, response ◇ PM/395 ◈ In Tolkien's manuscript, this form was rejected in favor of dangweth, with a slightly different meaning. However, it must be assumed that the word is valid per se ◇ dan+peth "back word"
damma- (corr. damna) [dˈɑmmɑ] pa. t. dammant (corr. dammint) [dˈɑmmant] v. to hammer ◇ Ety/375, VT/45:37 ◈ It was long considered that damna-, dammint might have been a misreading. VT/45:37 confirms this, though the reading is actually uncertain
dammant pa. t. of damma-
dan* [dɑn] prep. 1. against ○ 2. etym. back ◇ LotR/II:IV
dangen [dˈɑŋgɛn] pp. of dag-, slain ◇ Ety/375
dangweth* [dˈɑŋgwɛθ] n. answer, reply giving new information ◇ PM/395 ◇ OS *ndanagwetʰa "back report"
danna-* [dˈɑnnɑ] pa. t. dant* [dˈɑnt] v. to fall ◇ Ety/354, X/Z ◈ Written dant- in the Etymologies ◈ dannen pp.
dannen [dˈɑnnɛn] pp. of danna-, fallen ◇ Ety/354
dant* I [dˈɑnt] n. fall ◇ MR/373
dant* II pa. t. of danna-
danwaith* [dˈɑnwɑjθ] n. Pop. the Nandor (a tribe of Elves) ◇ WJ/385 ◇ dan+gwaith
danwedh* [dˈɑnwɛð] n. ransom ◇ S/384 ◇ dan+gwedh
dar- [dˈɑr] v. to stay, wait, stop, remain ◈ daro* v. imp. ◈ deri v. inf.
daro* [dˈɑrɔ] v. imp. of dar-, halt! stop! ◇ Ety/353, LotR/II:VI
dartha- [dˈɑrθɑ] v. to wait, stay, last, endure, remain ◇ Ety/353, VT/45:8
dath [dˈɑθ] n. hole, pit ◇ Ety/354
daug [dˈɑug] n. warrior, soldier (chiefly used of orcs) ◇ Ety/375
daul pa. t. Arch. of doltha-
daur* [dˈɑur] n. 1. pause, stop ○ 2. by ext. league (about 3 miles) ◇ UT/279, UT/285
daw [dˈɑw] n. night-time, gloom ◇ Ety/354
degi [dˈɛgi] v. inf. of dag-, to slay ◇ Ety/375
del [ˈdɛl̡] n. fear, disgust, loathing, horror ◇ Ety/355
deleb [dˈɛlɛb] adj. horrible, abominable, loathsome ◇ Ety/355
delia- [dˈɛli.ɑ] v. to conceal ◈ delio v. inf.
delio [dˈɛli.ɔ] (dœlio) v. inf. of delia-, to conceal ◇ Ety/355
delos [dˈɛlɔs] (deloth) n. abhorrence, detestation, loathing ◇ Ety/355 ◇ del+gos
deloth → delos
delu* [dˈɛlu] (delw) adj. hateful, deadly, fell ◇ Ety/355, X/W
delw → delu
dem [dˈɛm] adj. sad, gloomy ◇ Ety/354 ◈ No language indication in the Etymologies, but Noldorin from context and phonological evidence
den* soft mut. of ten
denwaith* [dˈɛnwɑjθ] n. the Nandor (a tribe of Elves), the people of Denwe ◇ WJ/385 ◇ Den(we)+gwaith
deren pl. of doron
deri [dˈɛri] v. inf. of dar-, to stay, wait, stop, remain ◇ Ety/353
dess [dˈɛss] n. f. young woman ◇ Ety/375
di-* [di] pref. beneath, under ← di-nguruthos LotR/IV:X, RGEO/72, Letters/278, VT/45:37 ◈ The only known usage of this word is as prefix, but VT/45:37 lists it as a unitary word di
di* soft mut. of ti
dî [dˈiː] n. f. Poet. woman, lady ◇ Ety/352, Ety/354
díhena-* [dˈiːhɛnɑ] v. to forgive (with matter forgiven as object?) ◇ VT/44:29 ◈ See also gohena- ◈ díheno* v. imp. ◈ díhenam* v. 1st pl.
dihenam* → díhenam
díhenam* [dˈiːhɛnɑm] (dihenam*) v. 1st pl. of díhena-, we forgive ◇ VT/44:22,29 ◈ In Tolkien's manuscript, the form dihenam was rejected in favor of gohenam
díheno* [dˈiːhɛnɔ] v. imp. of díhena-, forgive! ◇ VT/44:21,28
dîl [dˈiːl] n. stopper, stopping, stuffing ◇ Ety/354
dilia- [dˈili.ɑ] pa. t. diliant [dˈili.ɑnt] v. to stop up ◇ Ety/354, VT/45:9 ◈ dilio v. inf.
diliant pa. t. of dilia-
dilio [dˈili.ɔ] v. inf. of dilia-, to stop up ◇ Ety/354
dîn* I [dˈiːn] n. silence ◇ S/430, LB/354 ◈ Adjectival use seems to be attested in several place names (Amon Dín "Silent Hill", etc.), though an adjective dínen is also attested
dîn II [dˈiːn] n. opening, gap, pass in mountains ◇ Ety/354
dîn* III soft mut. of tîn
dínen* [dˈiːnɛn] adj. silent ◇ S/430, WJ/194
dineth [dˈinɛθ] n. bride ◇ Ety/377-378 ◇ dî+neth
dîr [dˈiːr] n. m. Arch. man, referring to an adult male (elf, mortal, or of any other speaking race) ◇ Ety/354, Ety/352
diriel* soft mut. of tiriel
díriel* soft mut. of tíriel
dírnaith* [dˈiːrnɑjθ] n. Mil. a military wedge-formation launched over a short distance against an enemy massing but not yet arrayed, or against a defensive formation on open ground ◇ UT/282 ◇ dîr+naith "man spearhead"
dîs [dˈiːs] n. f. bride ◇ Ety/352, Ety/375
doer → daer II
dofn [dˈɔvn] adj. gloomy ◇ Ety/355
dol* → dôl
dôl [dˈɔːl] (dol*) n. 1. head ○ 2. by ext. hill or mountain ◇ Ety/376, S/430
dolen [dˈɔlɛn] pp. of doltha-, concealed, hidden ◇ Ety/355
dœlio → delio
doll [dˈɔll] (dolt) adj. dark, dusky, obscure ◇ Ety/355, Ety/376, X/LD
dolothen* soft mut. of tolothen
dolt I → doll
dolt II [dˈɔlt] pl. dylt [dˈylt] n. round knob, boss ◇ Ety/376
doltha- [dˈɔlθɑ] pa. t. Arch. daul [dˈɑul] v. to conceal ◇ Ety/355 ◈ dolen pp.
donn [dˈɔnn] adj. swart, swarthy ◇ Ety/355, X/ND1
dor* → dôr
dôr* [dˈɔːr] (dor*) n. land, dwelling-place, region where certain people live ◇ Ety/376, S/430, WJ/413, Letters/417, VT/45:38 ◈ The form dor in the Etymologies is a misreading, see VT/45. In composition and in toponyms, the word is nevertheless reduced to Dor
dorn* [dˈɔrn] adj. stiff, tough ◇ WJ/413
dornhoth* [dˈɔrn.hɔθ] n. class pl. "the thrawn folk", dwarves ◇ WJ/388 ◇ dorn+hoth
doron [dˈɔrɔn] pl. deren (dœrœn) n. Bot. oak ◇ Ety/355, VT/45:11
dœrœin pl. of doron → deren
dortha- [dˈɔrθɑ] v. to dwell, stay ◈ dortho v. inf.
dortho [dˈɔrθɔ] v. inf. of dortha-, to dwell, stay ◇ Ety/376
drafn [drˈɑvn] adj. hewn ◇ Ety/354
dram* [drˈɑm] (dramm, dramb) n. heavy stroke, a blow (of axe, etc.) ◇ Ety/354, X/MB
dramb → dram
drambor [drˈɑm.bɔr] n. 1. clenched fist ○ 2. by ext. blow with fist ◇ Ety/354 ◇ dram+paur
dramm → dram
drammen pa. t. of drava-
drann* soft mut. of trann
drannail* soft mut. of trannail
draug* [drˈɑug] n. Zool. wolf ◇ Ety/354, S/430
drava- [drˈɑvɑ] pa. t. drammen [drˈɑmmɛn] v. to hew ◇ Ety/354 ◈ dravo v. inf.
dravo [drˈɑvɔ] v. inf. of drava-, to hew ◇ Ety/354
drega-* [drˈɛgɑ] v. to flee ◈ Only the imperative drego is attested. Therefore, the verb may also be dreg- (inf. dregi) ◈ drego* v. imp.
drego* [drˈɛgɔ] v. imp. of drega-, flee! ◇ UT/65
dring* [drˈiŋ] n. hammer ← Glamdring H, Ety/355
dringa- [drˈiŋgɑ] v. to beat ◈ dringo v. inf.
dringo [drˈiŋgɔ] v. inf. of dringa-, to beat ◇ Ety/355
drû* [drˈuː] pl. drúin* [drˈuː.in] n. wild man, wose, púkel-man ◇ UT/385 ◈ In PE/11:31, an older Gnomish word drû, drui meant "wood, forest", and in PE/13:142, the early Noldorin word drú was assigned the meaning "dark". Drû pl. Drúin later came to be used for the name of the Woses, with other derivatives (Drúadan, etc.). "Wose" is actually the modernization of an Anglo-Saxon word wasa only found in the compound wudu-wasa "wild man of the woods", cf. UT/385 sq. In the drafts of the "Ride of the Rohirrim" in WR/343-346, the Woses first appear as "the dark men of Eilenach". Though internally said to derive from drughu in their own tongue, Tolkien's choice for the Sindarin name of the Woses was apparently influenced by earlier meanings assigned to this word ◇ MS *druγ, Dr druγu ◈ drúath* n. coll.
drúadan* [drˈuːɑdɑn] pl. drúedain* [drˈuːɛdɑjn] n. Pop. wild man, one of the Woses ◇ UT/385 ◇ drû+adan
drúath* [drˈuːɑθ] n. coll. of drû, Pop. the people of the Drû (q.v.), the Woses ◇ UT/385
drúedain* pl. of drúadan
drúin* pl. of drû
drúnos* [drˈuːnɔs] n. a family of the Drû-folk (q.v.) ◇ UT/385 ◇ drû+nos(s)
drúwaith* [drˈuːwɑjθ] n. the wilderness of the Drû-men (q.v.) ◇ UT/385 ◇ drû+gwaith
dû* [dˈuː] n. nightfall, late evening, night, dimness ◇ Ety/354, S/430, VT/45:9 ◈ dúath* n. coll.
dúath* [dˈuːɑθ] (dúwath) n. coll. of dû, 1. darkness, shadow ○ 2. nightshade ◇ Ety/354, S/430 ◇ Either the collective plural of dû, or a compound dû+gwath "night shade" (hence dúwath)
duin* [dˈujn] n. (long and large) river ◇ S/430, LotR/F, TC/179
duir* pl. of dûr
dúlin* → dúlinn
dúlind → dúlinn
dúlinn [dˈuːlinn] (dúlind, dúlin*) n. Orn. nightingale ◇ Ety/354, Ety/369, S/430, X/ND4 ◇ dû+lind "dusk singer"
dûn* [dˈuːn] n. west ◇ Ety/376, S/428, LotR/E-F
dúnadan* [dˈuːnɑdɑn] pl. dúnedain* [dˈuːnɛdɑjn] n. man of the west, Númenórean ◇ LotR/I:XII, WJ/378, S/390 ◇ dûn+adan
dúnedain* pl. of dúnadan
dúnedhel* [dˈuːnɛðɛl̡] pl. dúnedhil* [dˈunːɛðil̡] n. elf of the West, elf of Beleriand (including Noldor and Sindar) ◇ WJ/378 ◇ dûn+edhel, OS *ndûnedelo
dúnedhil* pl. of dúnedhel
dûr* [dˈuːr] pl. duir* [dˈujr] adj. dark, sombre ◇ Ety/354, S/430, UT/434
dúven [dˈuːvɛn] pl. dúvin [dˈuːvin] adj. southern(?) ◇ Ety/376, VT/45:38
dúvin pl. of dúven
dúwath → dúath
dylt pl. of dolt II
e* [ɛ] pron. he ◇ SD/129-31 ◈ The meaning "he" is deduced from the apparent function of this word in the so-called "King's Letter", but it also seems possible to interpret it as "indeed" (as in Q. e, LR/63, VT/45:11), used here in a way of formal address expressing the wishes of the King
ebœnnin* pl. of abonnen
ech [ˈɛx] n. spine ◇ Ety/355, VT/45:12 ◈ The Etymologies as published gloss this word as "spear", but the correct reading is provided in VT/45. See also egnas
echad- [ˈɛxɑd] pa. t. echant* [ˈɛxɑnt] v. to fashion, make ◈ echedi v. inf.
echad* [ˈɛxɑd] n. camp ◇ UT/431
echant* pa. t. of echad-
echedi [ˈɛxɛdi] v. inf. of echad-, to fashion, make ◇ Ety/363, LotR/II:IV
echil* [ˈɛxil̡] n. 1. follower ○ 2. by ext. human being ◇ WJ/219
echor* [ˈɛxɔr] n. outer circle, encircling, outer ring ◇ LotR/V:I, LotR/Index, S/430
echui* [ˈɛxuj] (echuiw) n. awakening ◇ Ety/366, S/429
echuir* [ˈɛxujr] n. Cal. a season, the beginning of spring ◇ LotR/D, SD/129-31 ◇ Etym. "stirring"
echuiw → echui
ecthel [ˈɛkθɛl̡] (egthel) n. point (of spear) ◇ Ety/388 ◇ êg+thela "thorn-point"
ed- [ɛd] pref. forth, out ◇ Ety/356
edaib* pl. of adab
edaid* [ˈɛdɑjd] adj. double ◇ VT/42:26-27
edain* pl. of adan
edair* pl. of adar
edeb pl. of adab → edaib
edeir pl. of adar → edair
eden [ˈɛdɛn] adj. new, begun again ◇ Ety/349
edenedair* pl. of adanadar
eder pl. of adar → edair
edhel* [ˈɛðɛl̡] pl. edhil* [ˈɛðil̡] n. elf ◇ Ety/356, S/430, WJ/363-364
edhelharn* [ɛðˈɛl̡hɑrn] n. elf-stone ◇ SD/128-129 ◇ edhel+sarn
edhellen* [ɛðˈɛl̡lɛn] adj. elvish, of the Elves ◇ LotR/II:IV, RS/463 ◇ edhel+-ren
edhil* pl. of edhel
edinar → edinor
edinor* [ˈɛdinɑr] (edinar) n. anniversary day ◇ Ety/400, X/Z ◇ ad+în+aur
edledhia-* [ɛdlˈɛði.ɑ] v. to go into exile ◈ edledhio* v. inf.
edledhio* [ɛdlˈɛði.ɔ] (egledhio (corr. eglehio), egledhi) v. inf. of edledhia-, go into exile ◇ Ety/368, X/TL
edledhron* [ɛdlˈɛðrɔn] (egledhron) n. exile (person who is exiled) ◇ Ety/368, X/TL
edlenn* [ˈɛdlɛnn] (eglenn) adj. exiled ◇ Ety/368, X/TL
edlothia-* [ɛdlˈɔθi.ɑ] v. to blossom, flower ← edlothiand WR/293, X/TL ◈ The sentence from WR/293 is hardly legible and is not translated, but this word is however a plausible form ◈ edlothiad* ger.
edlothiad* [ɛdlˈɔθi.ɑd] ger. of edlothia-, blossoming, flowering ← edlothiand WR/293 ◈ Actually, edlothiand might be a misreading, according to David Salo who checked the original manuscript at Marquette and reported that his reading was unmistakably edlothiad
edonna- [ɛdˈɔnnɑ] v. to beget ◇ Ety/379 ◇ ed+*onna-
edra-* [ˈɛdrɑ] v. to open ◈ edro* v. imp.
edrain* [ˈɛdrɑjn] (edrein) n. border ◇ Ety/383, X/EI ◇ ed+rain
edraith* [ˈɛdrɑjθ] n. saving ◇ LotR/II:IV, TI/175
edregol* [ˈɛdrɛgl̩] adv. in especial ◇ SD/129-31
edrein → edrain
edro* [ˈɛdrɔ] v. imp. of edra-, open! ◇ Ety/357, LotR/II:IV
edwen* [ˈɛdwɛn] adj. num. second ◇ SD/129-31
êg [ˈɛːg] n. thorn ◇ Ety/355
egladhrim* [ɛglˈɑðrim] n. class pl. of eglan, "The Forsaken", Elves of the Falathrim ◇ WJ/189, WJ/365, WJ/379 ◇ eglan+rim
eglain* pl. of eglan
eglan* [ˈɛglɑn] pl. eglain* [ˈɛglɑjn] n. and adj. 1. forsaken ○ 2. as a noun, an elf of the Falathrim ◇ WJ/365, WJ/379-380 ◈ egladhrim* n. class pl.
eglath* [ˈɛglɑθ] n. coll. of egol, "The Forsaken", Elves of the Falathrim ◇ WJ/189, WJ/344
egledhi → edledhio
egledhio (corr. eglehio) → edledhio
egledhron → edledhron
eglenn → edlenn
egleria-* [ɛglˈɛri.ɑ] v. to glorify, to praise ◈ eglerio* v. imp.
eglerio* [ɛglˈɛri.ɔ] v. imp. of egleria-, glorify! praise! ◇ LotR/VI:IV, Letters/308
egnas [ˈɛgnɑs] n. 1. sharp point ○ 2. by ext. peak ◇ VT/45:12
ego* [ˈɛgɔ] interj. be off! ◇ WJ/365
egol* [ˈɛgl̩] n. someone forsaken, an elf of the Falathrim ← Eglath WJ/189, WJ/344 ◈ eglath* n. coll.
egor* [ˈɛgɔr] conj. or ◇ SD/129-31
egthel → ecthel
eilian → eiliant
eiliant [ˈɛjli.ɑnt] (eilianw, eilian) n. rainbow ◇ Ety/360, Ety/400 ◈ See ianu and iant for a discussion ◇ "sky-bridge"
eilianw → eiliant
eilph* pl. of alph
einior* [ˈɛjni.ɔr] adj. elder ◇ PM/358 ◇ an+iaur (?) "very, extremely old"
eirch pl. of orch → yrch
eirien* [ˈɛjri.ɛn] n. Bot. daisy (flower) ◇ SD/129-31 ◇ Q Arien "day-maiden" (AS1)
eitha-* [ˈɛjθɑ] v. 1. to prick with a sharp point, to stab ○ 2. by ext. to treat with scorn, insult ◇ WJ/365 ◈ eithad* ger.
eithad* [ˈɛjθɑd] ger. of eitha-, insult ◇ WJ/365
eithel* [ˈɛjθɛl̡] pl. eithil* [ˈɛjθil̡] n. spring, issue of water, well ◇ Ety/363, S/430, S/433, WJ/85, TC/187
eithil* pl. of eithel
êl* [ˈɛːl] pl. elin* [ˈɛlin] n. Arch., Poet. star (little used except in verses) ◇ WJ/363, MR/373, RGEO/73, Letters/281 ◈ elenath* n. coll.
elanor* [ˈɛlɑnɔr] n. Bot. a flower, a kind of enlarged pimpernel bearing golden and silver flowers ◇ LotR/VI:IX, UT/432, Letters/402 ◇ êl+anor "star-sun"
elei pl. of ôl
elenath* [ˈɛlɛnɑθ] n. coll. of êl, starry host, all the host of the stars of heaven ◇ LotR/II:I, RGEO/73-75, WJ/363
elin* pl. of êl
elleth* [ˈɛl̡lɛθ] n. f. elf-maid ◇ WJ/148, WJ/256, WJ/363-364
ellon* [ˈɛl̡lɔn] n. m. elf ◇ WJ/363-364
elloth* [ˈɛl̡lɔθ] n. Bot. (single) flower ◇ VT/42:18 ◇ er- + loth
elo* [ˈɛlɔ] interj. an exclamation of wonder, admiration, delight ◇ WJ/362
elu* [ˈɛlu] (elw) n. (pale) blue ◇ Ety/360, X/W
elvellon* [ɛl̡vˈɛl̡lɔn] pl. elvellyn* [ɛl̡vˈɛl̡lyn] n. elf-friend ◇ WJ/412
elvellyn* pl. of elvellon
elw → elu
emelin → emlin
emlin [ˈɛmlin] (emmelin, emelin) n. Orn. yellow bird ◇ Ety/386 ◇ "yellow hammer"
emmelin → emlin
emuin pl. of amon → emyn
emyn* pl. of amon
en* [ɛn] art. of the (genitival article) ◇ LotR/VI:IV, Letters/308 ◇ i+na (?)
enchui* [ˈɛnxuj] adj. num. sixth ◇ VT/42:25,27
ened* [ˈɛnɛd] (enedh) n. core, centre, middle ◇ Ety/356, Ety/376, UT/450, Letters/224, VT/41:12,16 ◈ While the word is written enedh in the Etymologies, it seems that Tolkien considered and reconsidered its form throughout his life. Late rough jottings (c. 1968), as well as the text of letter no. 168 and the fact that the toponym Enedwaith was never changed on the LotR map, seems to imply that ened is the (most) definitive form. See also the possibly related preposition ned, which has been suggested to mean "in" (while again a prefix nedh- is seen in the Etymologies)
enedh → ened
eneg* [ˈɛnɛg] adj. num. six ◇ Ety/356, VT/42:25
eneth* [ˈɛnɛθ] n. name ◇ VT/44:21,24
enfeng* pl. of anfang
engrin* pl. of angren
ennas* [ˈɛnnɑs] adv. there, in that place ◇ SD/129-31
enni* [ˈɛnni] pron. to me ◇ VT/41:11 ◈ See also anim ◇ an+ni
ennin I [ˈɛnnin] n. Valian year ◇ Ety/400 ◇ and+în "long year"
ennin* II pl. of onnen
ennor* [ˈɛnnɔr] n. central land, middle-earth ◇ LotR/E, X/ND2 ◈ ennorath* n. coll.
ennorath* [ˈɛnnɔrɑθ] n. coll. of ennor, central lands, middle-earth ◇ LotR/E, LotR/II:I, RGEO/72-75
ennyn* pl. of annon
enyd* pl. of onod
ephedyn* pl. of aphadon
ephel* [ˈɛffɛl̡] n. outer fence, encircling fence ◇ S/436, LotR/E ◇ et+pêl
er- [ɛr] pref. alone, one ◇ VT/42:19
erain* pl. of aran
erch I [ˈɛrx] n. prickle ◇ Ety/356
erch II pl. of orch → yrch
ercha- [ˈɛrxɑ] v. to prick ◈ ercho v. inf.
erchamion* [ɛrxˈɑmi.ɔn] adj. one-handed ◇ WJ/51, WJ/231,
erchammui [ɛrxˈɑmmuj] (erchamui) adj. one-handed ◇ Ety/361, X/Z
erchamui → erchammui
ercho [ˈɛrxɔ] v. inf. of ercha-, to prick ◇ Ety/356
ereb* [ˈɛrɛb] pl. erib* [ˈɛrib] adj. isolated, lonely ◇ Ety/356, S/431, UT/422, VT/42:10
ered* pl. of orod
eredh [ˈɛrɛð] n. seed, germ ◇ Ety/356
ereg* [ˈɛrɛg] pl. erig [ˈɛrig] n. Bot. holly-tree, thorn ◇ Ety/356, S/431
eregdos [ɛrˈɛgdɔs] n. Bot. holly, holly-tree ◇ Ety/356, Ety/379, Ety/395 ◇ ereg+toss
ereid pl. of orod → ered
eria- [ˈɛri.ɑ] v. to rise ◈ erio v. inf.
erib* pl. of ereb
erig pl. of ereg
erin* [ɛrin] prep. on the ◇ SD/129-31 ◇ or+i, MS *œrin
erio [ˈɛri.ɔ] v. inf. of eria-, to rise ◇ Ety/379
ernil* I [ˈɛrnil̡] pl. ernil* n. prince ◇ LotR/VI:IV, Letters/308, UT/428, RGEO/75
ernil* II pl. of ernil I
ernin* pl. of arnen
erphin* pl. of arphen
ertha-* [ˈɛrθɑ] v. to unite ← Aderthad S/409 ◈ erthad* ger.
erthad* [ˈɛrθɑd] ger. of ertha-, union, uniting ← Aderthad S/409
eru [ˈɛru] n. waste, desert ◇ Ety/356
erui* [ˈɛruj] adj. 1. single, alone ○ 2. by ext. first (incorrect use by the Gondorians) ◇ TI/312, WR/436, VT/42:10 ◈ The proper word for first in Sindarin was minui
eryd* pl. of orod → ered
eryn* [ˈɛryn] n. wood ◇ UT/436, LotR/B ◇ OS *oroni- (?), "trees", plural noun, used as a singular.
esgal* [ˈɛsgɑl] n. veil, screen, cover that hides ◇ S/431
esgeri [ˈɛsgɛri] v. inf. of osgar-, to cut round, to amputate ◇ Ety/379
espalass [ˈɛspɑlɑss] n. foaming, (?)fall (reading of gloss uncertain) ◇ Ety/381
ess† n. name ◇ [PJ-Movie] ◈ Inscription on Aeglos, Gil-galad's Spear, Official Movie Magazine #3 (source: Gwaith i Phethdain). Updated from Quenya essë. The correct Sindarin word, eneth, has been published since
esta-* [ˈɛstɑ] v. to name ← estathar SD/129-31 ◈ estathar* v. 3rd pl.
estathar* [ˈɛstɑθɑr] v. 3rd pl. of esta-, (they) will name ◇ SD/129-31
estel* [ˈɛstɛl̡] n. hope, trust, a temper of mind, steady fixed in purpose, and difficult to dissuade and unlikely to fall into despair or abandon its purpose ◇ WJ/318-319, LotR/A(v), MR/320
estent* [ˈɛstɛnt] adj. (very?) short ◇ UT/146, WJ/311, WJ/315 ◈ See also then and thent. The slash sign in minlamad thent/estent might indicate either variant forms of an adjective, or a sequence of two short verse units, possibly of alliterating half-lines, see Tolkien's Legendarium p. 122
estolad* [ˈɛstɔlɑd] n. encampment ◇ UT/77, S/396
ethir* I [ˈɛθir] n. mouth of river, estuary ◇ LotR/II:X, Ety/356 ◇ ed+sîr "outflow"
ethir* II [ˈɛθir] n. spy ◇ S/379, UT/418 ◇ ed+tirn "out-watcher"
ethraid* pl. of athrad
ethuil* [ˈɛθujl] n. Cal. season of spring ◇ LotR/D, SD/129-31
evair* [ˈɛvɑjr] n. pl. the Avari, a tribe of Elves ◇ WJ/380 ◈ This plural name was known to the loremasters, but went out of daily use at the time of the Exile
faeg* [fˈɑɛg] (foeg) adj. mean, poor, bad ◇ Ety/387, X/OE
fael* I [fˈɑɛl] adj. fair minded, just, generous ◇ PM/352 ◇ Etym. "having a good fëa"
fael* II [fˈɑɛl] n. gleaming brilliance (of the sun) ← Faelivrin LB/376, S/209-210
faen* [fˈɑɛn] (foen) adj. radiant, white ◇ Ety/381, X/OE
faer* [fˈɑɛr] n. spirit ◇ MR/349
fain* [fˈɑjn] (fein) adj. white ◇ Ety/387, WR/288, X/EI
fair* I [fˈɑjr] (feir*) pl. fîr* [fˈiːr] n. mortal ◇ Ety/381, WJ/387, X/EI ◇ Q firya ◈ firiath* n. coll.
fair* II [fˈɑjr] (feir, fœir) n. right (hand) ◇ Ety/382
falas* [fˈɑlɑs] pl. felais* [fˈɛlɑjs] (feles) n. 1. beach, shore, line of surf ○ 2. as a proper noun, the western coast of Beleriand ◇ Ety/381, S/431, X/EI
falathren* [fɑlˈɑθrɛn] n. and adj. 1. of the shore ○ 2. Ling. as a noun, Shore-language (one of the names for Common Speech) ◇ Ety/381, PM/32, PM/55 ◇ falas+-ren
falathrim* [fɑlˈɑθrim] n. class pl. people of the Falas ◇ WJ/378 ◇ falas+rim
falch* [fˈɑlx] n. deep cleft, ravine ← Orfalch Echor UT/468
falf [fˈɑlv] n. foam, breaker ◇ Ety/381
faltha- [fˈɑlθɑ] v. to foam ◈ faltho v. inf.
faltho [fˈɑlθɔ] v. inf. of faltha-, to foam ◇ Ety/381
fân* [fˈɑːn] n. 1. veil ○ 2. by ext. cloud (applied to clouds, floating as veils over the blue sky or the sun or moon, or resting on hills) ◇ RGEO/74 ◇ Q fana
fang [fˈɑŋ] n. beard ◇ Ety/387
fanui* [fˈɑnuj] adj. cloudy ◇ RGEO/74
far [fˈɑr] adj. or adv. sufficient, enough, quite ◇ Ety/381
fara- [fˈɑrɑ] v. to hunt ◈ faro v. inf. ◈ farad ger.
farad [fˈɑrɑd] ger. of fara-, hunting ← faradrim Ety/387
faradrim [fɑrˈɑdrim] n. class pl. of feredir, hunters ◇ Ety/387 ◇ farad+rim
faras [fˈɑrɑs] n. hunting ◇ Ety/387
farn [fˈɑrn] adj. or adv. enough ◇ Ety/381
faro [fˈɑrɔ] v. inf. of fara-, to hunt ◇ Ety/387
faron [fˈɑrɔn] n. m. hunter ← Elfaron Ety/387
faroth* [fˈɑrɔθ] n. (?) hunter, (?) group of hunters ← Taur-en-Faroth S/431, Ety/387
fast [fˈɑst] n. shaggy hair ◇ Ety/381
faug [fˈɑug] n. thirsty ◇ Ety/381
faun [fˈɑun] n. cloud ◇ Ety/387
fein → fain
feir* I → fair I
feir II → fair II
fela [fˈɛlɑ] pl. fili [fˈili] n. cave ◇ Ety/381
felais* pl. of falas
feles pl. of falas → felais
fen* [fˈɛn] (fend, fenn) n. door, threshold ◇ Ety/381, LotR/V:IV, WR/341, X/ND1
fend → fen
fenn → fen
fennas* [fˈɛnnɑs] n. doorway, gateway ◇ LotR/II:IV, RS/463, RGEO/75
fêr [fˈɛːr] pl. ferin [fˈɛrin] n. Bot. beech-tree ◇ Ety/352, Ety/381
feredir [fˈɛrɛdˌir] n. hunter ◇ Ety/387 ◇ farad+dîr ◈ faradrim n. class pl.
ferin pl. of fêr
fern [fˈɛrn] pl. firn [fˈirn] n. and adj. 1. dead (of mortals) ○ 2. as a noun, dead person ◇ Ety/381
fileg [fˈilɛg] pl. filig [fˈilig] n. Orn. small bird ◇ Ety/381 ◇ Singular formed by analogy
fili pl. of fela
filig pl. of fileg
filigod [fˈiligɔd] n. sing. of filig, Orn. small bird ◇ Ety/381
fim* [fˈim] adj. slim, slender ← Fimbrethil LotR/Index
fîn* [fˈiːn] (find*, finn-*) n. a tress ◇ PM/361-362
find* → fîn
findel → finnel
finn-* → fîn
finnel [fˈinnɛl̡] (findel) n. (braided) hair ◇ Ety/387, X/ND2
fîr* pl. of fair I
fíreb* [fˈiːrɛb] pl. fírib* [fˈiːrib] adj. mortal ◇ WJ/387 ◇ fair+-eb
firen [fˈirɛn] adj. human ◇ Ety/381 ◇ fair+-en (PHIR)
firiath* [fˈiri.ɑθ] n. coll. of fair I, mortals, human beings ◇ WJ/219, WJ/387
fírib* pl. of fíreb
firiel → fíriel
fíriel* [fˈiri.ɛl̡] (firiel) n. f. mortal maid ◇ Ety/382, PM/195, PM/232
firieth* [fˈiri.ɛθ] n. f. mortal woman ◇ WJ/387 ◇ fair+-eth (PHIR)
firion* [fˈiri.ɔn] n. m. mortal man ◇ WJ/387
firith* [fˈiriθ] n. Cal. season of fading ◇ LotR/D
firn pl. of fern
flâd* [flˈɑːd] n. skin ← Fladrif LotR/E, TC/169, TC/173
flaew → lhaew
fliw → lhîw
floss → lhoss
foeg → faeg
foen → faen
fœir → fair II
forgam [fˈɔrgɑm] adj. right-handed ◇ Ety/382 ◇ fôr+cam
forn* [fˈɔrn] n. right, north ◇ Ety/382, UT/426, S/431
forod* [fˈɔrɔd] n. north ◇ Ety/382, S/431, LotR/E
forodren [fɔrˈɔdrɛn] adj. northern ◇ Ety/382 ◇ forod+-ren (PHOR)
forodrim [fɔrˈɔdrim] n. class pl. northmen ◇ Ety/392 ◇ forod+rim
forodwaith [fɔrˈɔdwɑjθ] (forodweith) n. pl. 1. northmen ○ 2. by ext. lands of the north ◇ Ety/382, Ety/398, X/EI ◇ forod+gwaith
forodweith → forodwaith
forven [fˈɔrvɛn] n. north ◇ Ety/382 ◇ fôr+mên
fuia- [fˈuj.ɑ] v. to feel disgust at, abhor ◈ fuio v. inf.
fuin* [fˈujn] n. night, dead of night, gloom, darkness ◇ Ety/354, Ety/382, S/431
fuio [fˈuj.ɔ] v. inf. of fuia-, to feel disgust at, abhor ◇ Ety/381
fuir* [fˈujr] adj. north ◇ VT/42:20
gad- [gˈɑd] v. to catch ◇ Ety/358 ◈ gedi v. inf.
gador [gˈɑdr̩] (gadr) n. prison, dungeon ◇ Ety/358
gadr → gador
gae [gˈɑɛ] n. dread ◇ Ety/358
gaear* [gˈɑɛ.ɑr] (oear) n. sea ◇ Ety/349, PM/363, RGEO/73
gaearon* [gˈɑɛ.ɑrɔn] (gaeron*) n. great sea, ocean ◇ PM/363, PM/348, RGEO/72-73
gael [gˈɑɛl] adj. pale, glimmering ◇ Ety/358
gaer I [gˈɑɛr] adj. dreadful ◇ Ety/358
gaer* II [gˈɑɛr] (goer) adj. red, copper-coloured, ruddy ◇ Ety/358, X/OE
gaer* III [gˈɑɛr] (oer) n. sea ◇ Ety/349, S/431, PM/363
gaeron* → gaearon
gaeruil* [gˈɑɛrujl] (oeruil) n. Bot. seaweed ← gaer PM/363, Ety/396 ◇ gaer+uil
gail I [gˈɑjl] n. bright light ◇ Ety/362
gail* II pl. of gîl → geil
gal- [gɑl] pref. light ← galvorn, etc.
gala- [gˈɑlɑ] v. to grow ◈ galo v. inf.
galad* [gˈɑlɑd] n. light, radiance, glittering, reflection (from jewels, glass or polished metal, or water) ◇ VT/45:13, PM/347, Letters/425
galadh* [gˈɑlɑð] n. tree ◇ Ety/357, S/427, LotR/E, LB/354, RGEO/73, Letters/426
galadhremmen* [gˌɑlɑð.rˈɛmmɛn] pl. galadhremmin* [gˌɑlɑð.rˈɛmmin] adj. tree-woven, tree-tangled ◇ LotR/E, LotR/II:I, RGEO/72 ◇ galadh+remmen
galadhremmin* pl. of galadhremmen
galadhrim* [gɑlˈɑðrim] n. class pl. Elves of Lothlórien ◇ LotR ◇ galadh+rim "people of the trees"
galas [gˈɑlɑs] n. growth, plant ◇ Ety/357
galenas* [gˈɑlɛnɑs] n. Bot. pipe-weed (leaf) or "westmansweed", a variety of Nicotiana ◇ LotR/V:VIII
galo [gˈɑlɔ] v. inf. of gala-, to grow ◇ Ety/357
galu* [gˈɑlu] (galw) n. (?) blessings, (?) blessedness, (?) good fortune(?) (meaning not entirely clear) ◇ Ety/357, X/W
galvorn* [gˈɑlvɔrn] n. a black metal devised by the dark elf Eol ◇ WJ/322-323, S/398 ◇ gal-+morn
galw → galu
gammas [gˈɑmmɑs] n. Ling. s-sign (special sign used to mark a final -s in Tengwar) ◇ VT/45:14
gamp [gˈɑmp] n. hook, claw ◇ Ety/357
gandel → gannel
ganna- [gˈɑnnɑ] v. to play a harp ◈ ganno v. inf.
gannada- [gˈɑnnɑdɑ] v. to play a harp ◈ gannado v. inf.
gannado [gˈɑnnɑdɔ] v. inf. of gannada-, to play a harp ◇ Ety/377
gannel [gˈɑnnɛl̡] (gandel) n. harp ◇ Ety/377, X/ND2
ganno [gˈɑnnɔ] v. inf. of ganna-, to play a harp ◇ Ety/377
gar- [gˈɑr] v. to hold, have ◈ garo v. inf. ◈ gerin v. 1st
garaf [gˈɑrɑv] n. wolf ◇ Ety/377
gardh* [gˈɑrð] n. 1. bounded or defined region ○ 2. by ext. world ◇ WJ/402
garn [gˈɑrn] n. own, property ◇ Ety/360
garo [gˈɑrɔ] v. inf. of gar-, to hold, have ◇ Ety/360
garth [gˈɑrθ] n. fort, fortress ◇ Ety/360
gas [gˈɑs] n. hole, gap ◇ Ety/357
gasdil [gˈɑsdil̡] n. Ling. "stopgap", name of a diacritic sign used to indicate that g had been lenited to zero ◇ Ety/354, Ety/357 ◇ gas+dîl
gath [gˈɑθ] n. cavern ◇ Ety/358
gathrod [gˈɑθrɔd] n. cave ◇ Ety/358 ◇ gath+grôd (GAT(H))
gaud [gˈɑud] n. device, contrivance, machine ◇ Ety/358
gaul [gˈɑul] n. wolf-howl ◇ Ety/377
gaur [gˈɑur] n. werewolf ◇ Ety/377 ◈ gaurhoth* n. class pl.
gaurhoth* [gˈɑur.hɔθ] n. class pl. of gaur, group of werewolves ◇ LotR/II:IV ◇ gaur+hoth "wolf-host"
gaurwaith* [gˈɑur.wɑjθ] n. wolf-men ◇ UT/85, UT/90 ◇ gaur+gwaith
gaw- → gawa-
gaw [gˈɑw] n. void ◇ Ety/358
gawa- [gˈɑwɑ] (gaw-) v. to howl ◇ Ety/377, X/Z ◈ gawad ger.
gawad [gˈɑwɑd] ger. of gawa-, howling ◇ Ety/377
gedi [gˈɛdi] v. inf. of gad-, to catch ◇ Ety/358
geil (corr. gîl) pl. of gîl
geleidh pl. of golodh → gelydh
gelir* [gˈɛlir] n. merry, happy, gay person ◇ SD/129-31
gell [gˈɛl̡l] n. joy, triumph ◇ Ety/359
gellam [gˈɛl̡lɑm] n. jubilation ◇ Ety/359 ◇ gell+glam (GJEL)
gellui [gˈɛl̡luj] adj. triumphant ◇ Ety/359
gelydh* pl. of golodh
gem [gˈɛm] (gemb) adj. sickly ◇ Ety/358
gemb → gem
genedia-* [gɛnˈɛdi.ɑ] v. to reckon ← genediad SD/129-31 ◈ genediad* ger.
genediad* [gɛnˈɛdi.ɑd] ger. of genedia-, 1. reckoning ○ 2. by ext. calendar ◇ SD/129-31
gerin [gˈɛrin] v. 1st of gar-, I hold, I have ◇ Ety/360
gerir* soft mut. of cerir
gern [gˈɛrn] adj. worn, old, decripit (used of things only) ◇ Ety/360
gil* → gîl
gîl (corr. geil) [gˈiːl] (gil*) pl. geil (corr. gîl) (gail*) n. star, bright spark ◇ Ety/358, LotR/E, S/431, RGEO/73, X/EI ◈ giliath n. coll.
gildin [gˈil̡din] n. silver spark ◇ Ety/393 ◇ gîl+tinu
gilgalad [gˈil̡.gɑlɑd] n. starlight ◇ Ety/358 ◇ gîl+calad (GIL)
giliath [gˈili.ɑθ] n. coll. of gîl, all the host of stars ◇ Ety/358
gir- [gˈir] v. to shudder ◈ giri v. inf.
giri [gˈiri] v. inf. of gir-, to shudder ◇ Ety/358
girith* [gˈiriθ] n. shuddering, horror ◇ Ety/358, S/431
girithron* [girˈiθrɔn] n. Cal. december (month) ◇ LotR/D
glad* [glˈɑd] n. wood ← Methed-en-Glad UT/452
gladha-* [glˈɑðɑ] v. to laugh ← gladh- PM/359
glaer [glˈɑɛr] n. long lay, narrative poem ◇ Ety/359 ◈ Written glær (with ae-ligature) in the Etymologies
glaew [glˈɑɛw] n. salve ◇ Ety/369
glam* [glˈɑm] (glamm*, glamb*) n. 1. barbarous speech, shouting, confused noise ○ 2. din, uproar, the confused yelling and bellowing of beasts ○ 3. by ext. as a coll. noun, any body of orcs ◇ Ety/358, Ety/377, WJ/390, WJ/416 ◈ glamhoth* n. class pl. ◈ glamog* n. sing.
glamb* → glam
glambr → glamor
glamhoth* [glˈɑm.hɔθ] n. class pl. barbaric host of Orcs ◇ Ety/358, Ety/364, Ety/377, UT/39, UT/54, WJ/390 ◇ glam+hoth "the dinhorde, the yelling horde"
glamm* → glam
glamog* [glˈɑmɔg] n. sing. of glam, an Orc, "a yelling one" ◇ WJ/390
glamor [glˈɑmr̩] (glambr) n. echo ◇ Ety/358
glamren [glˈɑmrɛn] adj. echoing ◇ Ety/358
glân* I [glˈɑːn] adj. bright, shining white ← Curunír 'Lân UT/390 ◈ The word is deduced from its mutated form, but it is worth mentioning that a stem GALÁN "bright", with glan "daylight" and later "clear" as derivative, is listed in the Etymologies (not included in the published text), see VT/45:13. Most of the words meaning "white" in the Indo-Eureopean languages come from the original notion of "brightness", e.g. Greek leukós "white" is cognate with Latin lucere "to shine", lux "light". This association of sense is also found in Gnomish, PE11:39 (glan "clean, pure", from "bright" originally) and in Early Noldorin (PE13:144, glann "clean"). The similarity with Welsh glan (where the vowel, incidentally, is long, which is concealed by Welsh orthographic convention) is also striking
glân* II [glˈɑːn] n. hem, border (of textile and other hand-made things) ◇ VT/42:8
gland* [glˈɑnd] (glann*) n. boundary ← Glanduin, Glanhír UT/264, UT/318, UT/441, VT/42:8
glandagol* [glˈɑndɑgɔl] n. boundary mark ◇ VT/42:8 ◇ gland+tagol
glann* → gland
glas → glass
glass [glˈɑss] (glas) n. joy ◇ Ety/357
glaur [glˈɑur] (glor-) n. Theo. golden light (of the golden tree Laurelin) ◇ Ety/358, Ety/368
glavra- [glˈɑvrɑ] v. to babble ◈ glavro v. inf. ◈ glavrol part.
glavro [glˈɑvrɔ] v. inf. of glavra-, to babble ◇ Ety/358
glavrol [glˈɑvrɔl] part. of glavra-, babbling ◇ Ety/358
glaw [glˈɑw] n. radiance ◇ Ety/362
glawar [glˈɑwɑr] n. Theo. sunlight, radiance (of the golden tree Laurelin) ◇ Ety/368, VT/45:15
gleina-* [glˈɛjnɑ] v. to bound, enclose, limit ◇ VT/42:8, VT/42:28 ◈ This entry should perhaps read gleinia-, cf. VT/42:28, note 13
glî [glˈiː] n. honey ◇ Ety/369
glîn* [glˈiːn] (glînn*) n. gleam, glint (usually of fine slender but bright shafts of light; particularly applied to light of eyes) ◇ WJ/337, S/431
gling [glˈiŋ] n. hang, dangle ◇ Ety/359, Ety/369
glînn* → glîn
glinna-* [glˈinnɑ] (glintha-*) n. to glance at ◇ WJ/337, X/Z ◈ The form glintha- is theorically impossible in Sindarin, and can only be regarded as an (earlier) Old Sindarin form: according to our current understanding of the Sindarin phonology, it should evolve into glinna-
glinnel* [glˈinnɛl̡] pl. glinnil* [glˈinnil̡] n. elf, one of the Teleri ◇ WJ/378, WJ/385 ◇ glind("teleri")+el
glinnil* pl. of glinnel
glintha-* → glinna-
glîr [glˈiːr] n. song, poem, lay ◇ Ety/359
glir- [glˈir] v. to sing, trill, to recite a poem ◈ gliri v. inf.
gliri (corr. glin) [glˈiri] v. inf. of glir-, to sing, trill, to recite a poem ◇ Ety/359, Ety/369
glithui* [glˈiθuj] adj. (unknown meaning) ◇ UT/448, WJ/182, WJ/186
glor- → glaur
gloss* [glˈɔss] adj. snow-white, dazzling-white ◇ Ety/359, RGEO/70, VT/42:18
glûdh (corr. glúdh) [glˈuːð] n. soap ◇ Ety/369
go- [gɔ] pref. together ◇ Ety/399, WJ/367
gobel [gˈɔbɛl̡] n. walled house or village, town ◇ Ety/380
gobennas [gɔbˈɛnnɑs] n. history ◇ Ety/366 ◇ go-+pennas
gobennathren [gˌɔbɛnnˈɑθrɛn] adj. historical ◇ Ety/366 ◇ gobennath+-ren
gódhel* [gˈɔːðɛl̡] pl. gódhil* [ˈgɔːðil̡] n. "deep elf" or "gnome", one of the wise folk ◇ WJ/364, WJ/379 ◇ go(lodh)+ódhel, or OS *wådelo ◈ gódhellim* n. class pl.
gódhellim* [gɔːðˈɛl̡lim] n. class pl. of gódhel, "deep Elves" or "gnomes", the wise folk ◇ WJ/364 ◇ gódhel+rim
gódhil* pl. of gódhel
godrebh → godref
godref [gˈɔdrɛv] (godrebh) adv. through together ◇ TAI/150 ◇ go-+tre-+be, OS *wotrebe, CE *wo-tere-be (?)
goe* [gˈɔɛ] n. terror, great fear ◇ PM/363
goen* pl. of gwaun
goeol* [gˈɔɛ.ɔl] adj. dreadful, terrifying ◇ PM/363
goer → gaer II
gohena-* [gˈɔhɛnɑ] v. to forgive (with person forgiven as object?) ◇ VT/44:29 ◈ See also díhena- ◈ gohenam* v. 1st pl.
gohenam* [gˈɔhɛnɑm] v. 1st pl. of gohena-, we forgive ◇ VT/44:21,29
golf [gˈɔlv] n. branch ◇ Ety/359
goll [gˈɔll] adj. wise ◇ Ety/377
gollor [gˈɔllɔr] n. magician ◇ Ety/377
golodh* [gˈɔlɔð] pl. gelydh* [gˈɛlyð] (gœlydh*, gœlœidh, geleidh) n. "deep elf" or "gnome", one of the wise folk ◇ Ety/377, S/431, WJ/364 ◈ golodhrim* n. class pl.
golodhrim* [gɔlˈɔðrim] n. class pl. of golodh, deep Elves, gnomes ◇ Ety/377, WJ/323 ◇ golodh+rim
gœlœidh pl. of golodh → gelydh
golwen [gˈɔlwɛn] adj. wise, learned in deep arts ◇ Ety/377
gœlydh* pl. of golodh → gelydh
goloth* [gˈɔlɔθ] n. Bot. inflorescence, a head of small flowers ◇ VT/42:18
gonathra- [gɔnˈɑθrɑ] v. to entangle, enmesh ◇ Ety/375
gonathras [gɔnˈɑθrɑs] n. entanglement ◇ Ety/375
gond* [gˈɔnd] (gonn) n. great stone, rock ◇ Ety/359, S/431, X/ND1
gondrafn [gˈɔndrɑvn] n. hewn stone ◇ Ety/354 ◇ gond+drafn
gondram [gˈɔndrɑm] n. hewn stone ◇ Ety/354 ◇ gond+drafn
gondren* [gˈɔndrɛn] adj. (made) of stone ← Toll-ondren TI/268, TI/287
gonn → gond
gonod- [gˈɔnɔd] v. to count, count up, reckon, sum up ◇ Ety/378, Ety/399
gorf [gˈɔrv] n. impetus, vigour ◇ Ety/359
gorgor* [gˈɔrgɔr] n. extreme horror ◇ WJ/415
gorn I [gˈɔrn] adj. impetuous ◇ Ety/359
gorn* II [gˈɔrn] n. valor ← Aragorn PM/xii
gorog* [gˈɔrɔg] n. horror ◇ WJ/415
goroth [gˈɔrɔθ] n. horror ◇ Ety/377
gorth* [gˈɔrθ] n. horror ◇ WJ/415
gorthad* [gˈɔrθɑd] pl. gœrthaid* [gˈɛrθɑjd] n. barrow ◇ LotR/A(iii), PM/194 ◇ gorth+-sad "place of the dead"
gœrthaid* pl. of gorthad
gortheb (corr. gorthob) * [gˈɔrθɛb] adj. horrible ◇ WJ/415
gost [gˈɔst] n. dread ◇ Ety/359
gosta- [gˈɔstɑ] v. to fear exceedingly ◇ Ety/359
govad-* [gˈɔvɑd] v. to meet ← mae govannen LotR/I:XII, Letters/308 ◇ Etym. "to walk together" ◈ govannen* pp.
govannas† n. fellowship ◇ [PJ-Movie] ◈ Dialogs: Lórien Dialog II, FotR DVD extended version (source: Gwaith i Phethdain)
govannen* [gɔvˈɑnnɛn] pp. of govad-, met ◇ LotR/I:XII, Letters/308
gowest [gˈɔwɛst] n. contract, compact, treaty ◇ Ety/399 ◇ go-+gwest
graug* → raug
groga-* [grˈɔgɑ] v. to feel terror ◇ WJ/415
grond [grˈɔnd] n. club ◇ Ety/384, X/ND1
groth* [grˈɔθ] n. 1. large excavation ○ 2. delving, underground dwelling ◇ WJ/415, S/431
gruin [grˈujn] adj. ruddy ◇ Ety/384
gruitha-* [grˈujθɑ] v. to terrify ◇ WJ/415
gûd† n. foe ◇ [PJ-Movie] ◈ Inscription on Aragorn's Hunting Knife and Glamdring, Official Movie Magazine #2 (source: Gwaith i Phethdain)
guin pl. of gwaun → goen
gûl* [gˈuːl] n. 1. magic lore, long study (being used mostly of secret knowledge, especially such as possessed by artificers who made wonderful things) ○ 2. by ext. perverted or evil knowledge, sorcery, necromancy ◇ Ety/377, S/432, MR/350, WJ/383
guldur* [gˈuldur] n. (dark) sorcery ◇ gûl+dûr
gûr* I [gˈuːr] n. heart (in the moral sense), counsel ◇ VT/41:11,15
gûr II [gˈuːr] n. death ◇ Ety/377
guren* [gˈurɛn] n. my heart ◇ VT/41:11 ◈ Apparently the word gûr I with a suffixed possessive. See lammen for a similar form ◇ gûr+-en
gurth* [gˈurθ] n. death ◇ S/432, UT/39, UT/54
guruth [gˈuruθ] n. death ◇ Ety/377
guruthos* [gˈuruθɔs] n. the shadow of death, death-horror ← di-nguruthos LotR/IV:X, RGEO/72, Letters/278
gwa-* [gwɑ] pref. Arch. together (only in old compounds, the living form is go-) ◇ Ety/399, WJ/367
gwachaedir* [gwɑxˈɑɛdir] n. seeing-stone, palantír ← Gwahaedir PM/186 ◇ gwa-+hae+tirn
gwador [gwˈɑdɔr] pl. gwedeir n. m. brother (especially used of those not brothers by blood, but sworn brothers or associates) ◇ Ety/394
gwaedh [gwˈɑɛð] n. bond, troth, compact, oath ◇ Ety/397
gwael* [gwˈɑɛl] n. Orn. gull ◇ WJ/418
gwaen* [gwˈɑɛn] adj. stained ← Agarwaen S/378
gwaeren* [gwˈɑɛrɛn] adj. windy ◇ VT/42:15
gwaeron* [gwˈɑɛrɔn] n. Cal. march (month) ◇ LotR/D
gwaew [gwˈɑɛw] n. wind
gwain* [gwˈɑjn] pl. gwîn* [gwˈiːn] adj. new ← Narwain (Narvinyë) LotR/D, Cf. Ety/399
gwaith* [gwˈɑjθ] n. 1. troop of able-bodied men, people ○ 2. by ext. region, wilderness ◇ Ety/398
gwaloth [gwˈɑlɔθ] n. Bot. blossom, collection of flowers ◇ Ety/370 ◇ gwa-+loth
gwanath [gwˈɑnɑθ] n. death (act of dying, not death as a state or abstract) ◇ Ety/397
gwann [gwˈɑnn] adj. departed, dead ◇ Ety/397
gwanna- [gwˈɑnnɑ] v. to depart, die ◈ gwanno v. inf.
gwanno [gwˈɑnnɔ] v. inf. of gwanna-, to depart, die ◇ Ety/397
gwanod [gwˈɑnɔd] n. tale, number ◇ Ety/378
gwanu* [gwˈɑnu] (gwanw) n. death (act of dying, not death as a state or abstract) ◇ Ety/397, X/W
gwanûn* [gwˈɑnuːn] n. a pair of twins ◇ WJ/367
gwanunig* [gwˈɑnunig] n. sing. of gwanûn, a twin (one of a pair of twins) ◇ WJ/367
gwanur [gwˈɑnur] n. 1. a pair of twins ○ 2. brother or kinsman, kinswoman ◇ Ety/378, Ety/392, LotR/A(iv)
gwanw → gwanu
gwarth [gwˈɑrθ] n. betrayer ◇ Ety/397
gwass [gwˈɑss] n. stain ◇ Ety/397
gwastar [gwˈɑstɑr] n. hummock ◇ Ety/388, Ety/399 ◇ gwa-+thâr
gwath* [gwˈɑθ] n. 1. shade, shadow, dim light ○ 2. stain ◇ Ety/397, S/432
gwatha- [gwˈɑθɑ] v. to soil, stain ◈ gwatho v. inf.
gwathel [gwˈɑθɛl̡] pl. gwethil [gwˈɛθil̡] n. f. sister, associate ◇ Ety/392
gwatho [gwˈɑθɔ] v. inf. of gwatha-, to soil, stain ◇ Ety/397
gwathra-* [gwˈɑθrɑ] v. to overshadow, dim, veil, obscure ◇ VT/42:9
gwathren* [gwˈɑθrɛn] pl. gwethrin* [gwˈɛθrin] adj. shadowy, dim ← Ered Wethrin S/432, VT/42:9
gwathui* [gwˈɑθuj] adj. shadowy ← Gwathuirim PM/330
gwathuirim* [gwɑθˈujrim] n. class pl. Pop. The Dunlendings or People of Dunland ◇ PM/330 ◇ gwathui+rim "shadowy people"
gwaun [gwˈɑun] pl. goen* [gˈɔɛn] (guin) n. Orn. goose ◇ Ety/397, X/Z
gwaur [gwˈɑur] n. soiled, dirty ◇ Ety/397
gwedeir pl. of gwador
gwedh- [gwˈɛð] pa. t. gwedhant [gwˈɛðɑnt] (gwend, gwenn) v. to bind ◇ Ety/397, X/ND1 ◈ gwedhi (corr. gwedi) v. inf.
gwedh [gwˈɛð] n. bond ◇ Ety/397
gwedhant pa. t. of gwedh-
gwedhi (corr. gwedi) [gwˈɛði] v. inf. of gwedh-, to bind ◇ Ety/397, X/ND1
gwelu* [gwˈɛlu] (gwelw) n. air (as substance) ◇ Ety/398, X/W
gwelw → gwelu
gwelwen [gwˈɛl̡wɛn] n. air, lower air (distinct from the upper air of the stars, or the outer) ◇ Ety/398 ◇ gwelu+men
gwend I pa. t. of gwedh- → gwedhant
gwend II [gwˈɛnd] n. bond, friendship ◇ Ety/397-398, X/ND1
gwend III [gwˈɛnd] (gwenn) n. f. maiden ◇ Ety/398, X/ND1
gweneth [gwˈɛnɛθ] n. virginity ◇ Ety/398
gwenn I pa. t. of gwedh- → gwedhant
gwenn II → gwend III
gwenyn* [gwˈɛnyn] n. pl. twins ◇ PM/353, PM/365
gweria- [gwˈɛri.ɑ] v. to betray, cheat ◈ gwerio v. inf.
gwerio [gwˈɛri.ɔ] v. inf. of gweria-, to betray, cheat ◇ Ety/397
gwest [gwˈɛst] n. oath ◇ Ety/397
gwesta- [gwˈɛstɑ] v. to swear ◈ gwesto v. inf.
gwesto [gwˈɛstɔ] v. inf. of gwesta-, to swear ◇ Ety/397
gweth [gwˈɛθ] n. 1. manhood ○ 2. by ext. man power, troop of able-bodied men, host, regiment ◇ Ety/398
gwethil pl. of gwathel
gwethrin* pl. of gwathren
gwî [gwˈiː] n. net, web ◇ Ety/398
gwilith [gwˈiliθ] n. air (as a region) ◇ Ety/398
gwilwileth [gwˈil̡wilɛθ] n. Zool. butterfly ◇ Ety/398
gwin* [gwˈin] n. wine, vine ← Dorwinion LotR/Map, LB/11,26,17,112, LR/334,338, H/IX ◈ The wine of Dor-Winion occurs in the Lay of the children of Húrin and the place located either in the "burning South" in the first version, or probably east of the Blue Mountains in the second. Then we have Dorwinion as a meadow-land in Tol Eressëa at the end of the Quenta Silmarillion. It reappears in The Hobbit, and was finally placed North-West of the Sea of Rhûn in the decorated map by Pauline Baynes (see HL/115-117 for discussion). The meaning of this name is unknown and has been largely discussed. What do we have indeed in this "Winion", or rather gwinion since the initial w- must come from lenition? According to Christopher Tolkien, the Lay was begun c. 1918 and was composed during his father's stay at Leeds, a date meaning that the word can be Gnomish, possibly Early Noldorin, or in an indigenous language of Beleriand. In Gnomish and later in Doriathrin and Ilkorin there is a genitive plural ending -ion which may very well be contained in this word. Then we would segment gwin-ion "of gwin". The context calls for "wine", "vine" or something similar. It can hardly be a coincidence that gwin is precisely the Welsh word for "wine", a loan from the Latin vinum, as the English "wine" itself
gwîn* pl. of gwain
gwing* [gwˈiŋ] n. 1. spindrift, flying spray ○ 2. foam (properly a flying spume or spindrift blown off wavetops) ◇ Ety/398, PM/392
gwirith* [gwˈiriθ] n. Cal. april (month) ◇ LotR/D, SD/129-31
gyrth* [gˈyrθ] n. pl. the dead ◇ Letters/417
ha [hɑ] (hana) pl. hain* [hɑjn] (hein) pron. it ◇ Ety/385, LotR/II:IV, X/EI
hab- [hˈɑb] v. to clothe ◇ Ety/363
habad [hˈɑbɑd] pl. hebaid* [hˈɛbɑjd] (hebeid) n. shore ◇ Ety/386, X/EI
habar* soft mut. of sabar
had- [hˈɑd] pa. t. hant [hˈɑnt] v. to hurl ◇ Ety/363 ◈ hedi v. inf.
hâdh [hˈɑːð] n. Arch., Poet. (?) cleaver ◇ Ety/389
hadhod* [hˈɑðɔd] n. dwarf ◇ WJ/388, WJ/414 ◇ Kh khazâd ◈ hadhodrim* n. class pl.
hadhodrim* [hɑðˈɔdrim] n. class pl. of hadhod, dwarves, as a race ◇ WJ/388 ◇ hadhod+rim
hadlath [hˈɑdlɑθ] (haglath) n. sling ◇ Ety/363, Ety/368, X/TL
hador* [hˈɑdr̩] n. thrower (of spears and darts) ◇ Ety/363, WJ/234
hadron [hˈɑdrɔn] n. m. thrower (of spears and darts) ◇ Ety/363
hae* [hˈɑɛ] adj. far, remote, distant ← Gwahaedir PM/186, VT/45:21
haered* [hˈɑɛrɛd] n. remote distance, the remote ← na-chaered LotR/II:I, RGEO/72
haeron* [hˈɑɛrɔn] adj. far, remote, distant ◇ PM/273
haew [hˈɑɛw] n. custom, habit ◇ Ety/364 ◈ Written hæw (with ae-ligature) in the Etymologies
haglath → hadlath
hain* pl. of ha
hair* [hˈɑjr] (heir) n. and adj. left (hand) ◇ Ety/365, X/EI
half [hˈɑlv] n. seashell ◇ Ety/389
hall I [hˈɑll] adj. exalted, high ◇ Ety/363
hall II [hˈɑll] adj. veiled, hidden, shadowed, shady ◇ Ety/386
haltha- [hˈɑlθɑ] v. to screen ◇ Ety/386
hamma- (corr. hamnia) [hˈɑmmɑ] v. to clothe ◇ Ety/363, VT/45:20 ◈ hammad ger.
hammad [hˈɑmmɑd] ger. of hamma-, clothing ◇ Ety/363
hamp [hˈɑmp] n. garment ◇ Ety/363
hana → ha
hand [hˈɑnd] (hann) adj. intelligent ◇ Ety/363, X/ND1
hann → hand
hannas [hˈɑnnɑs] n. understanding, intelligence ◇ Ety/363
hant pa. t. of had-
harad* [hˈɑrɑd] n. south ◇ Ety/365, S/432, LotR/E
haradren [hɑrˈɑdrɛn] adj. southern ◇ Ety/365
haradrim* [hɑrˈɑdrim] n. class pl. southerners, "southrons" ◇ LotR ◇ harad+rim
hargam [hˈɑrgɑm] n. left-handed ◇ Ety/365
harn I [hˈɑrn] adj. southern ◇ Ety/365
harn II [hˈɑrn] adj. wounded ◇ Ety/386
harn* III soft mut. of sarn ← Edhelharn SD/129-131
harna- [hˈɑrnɑ] v. to wound ◈ harno v. inf.
harno [hˈɑrnɔ] v. inf. of harna-, to wound ◇ Ety/386
hartha-* [hˈɑrθɑ] v. to hope ← Harthad SD/62 ◈ harthad* ger.
harthad* [hˈɑrθɑd] ger. of hartha-, hope ◇ SD/62
haru* [hˈɑru] (harw) n. wound ◇ Ety/386, X/W
harw → haru
hast [hˈɑst] n. axe-stroke ◇ Ety/389
hasta- [hˈɑstɑ] v. to hack through ◈ hasto v. inf.
hasto [hˈɑstɔ] v. inf. of hasta-, to hack through ◇ Ety/389
hathal → hathol ← Hathaldir LR/433
hathel → hathol
hathol* [hˈɑθl̩] (hathel, hathal) n. 1. broadsword-blade, axe-blade ○ 2. axe ◇ Ety/389, WJ/234, UT/444, LR/433 ◈ See orchal for a discussion about syllabic consonants
havo† v. imp. sit! ◇ [PJ-Movie] ◈ Dialogs: Council of Elrond (source: Gwaith i Phethdain). Derived from Ety/363 (KHAM), where Christopher Tolkien only lists Q. ham- ("the other derivatives are too chaotic and unclear to present"). Other scholars rather proposed *har- for this verb, on the model of Q. hárar "they sit" (UT/305,317)
haudh* [hˈɑuð] n. (burial) mound, grave, tomb ◇ Ety/363-364, S/432, LotR/A(iv)
haust [hˈɑust] n. bed ◇ Ety/364 ◇ "resting"
he [hɛ] (hen, hene) pl. hîn [hiːn] pron. she ◇ Ety/385
heb-* [hˈɛb] v. to retain, keep, do not give away or release, keep hold of ← *khep VT/41:6 ◈ hebin* v. 1st
hebaid* pl. of habad
hebeid pl. of habad → hebaid
hebin* [hˈɛbin] v. 1st of heb-, I keep, I have kept ← ú-chebin LotR/A(v), VT/41:6 ◈ Because of the mutation triggered by the first person pronominal ending, it is impossible to guess whether the stem of this should be heb-, *hab- or *hob-. The root KHEP listed in VT/41:6 apparently implies that heb- is the correct form
hedi [hˈɛdi] v. inf. of had-, to hurl ◇ Ety/363
hein pl. of ha → hain
heir → hair
helch [hˈɛl̡x] n. bitter cold ◇ Ety/364
heledh* [hˈɛlɛd] n. glass ◇ S/433
heledir [hˈɛlɛdˌir] (heledirn) n. Orn. kingfisher (bird) ◇ Ety/363, Ety/386, Ety/394 ◇ "fish-watcher"
heledirn → heledir
heleg [hˈɛlɛg] n. ice ◇ Ety/364
helegnen† pl. helegnin† adj. icy ◇ [PJ-Movie] ◈ Inscription on Aeglos, Gil-galad's Spear, Official Movie Magazine #3 (source: Gwaith i Phethdain)
heleth [hˈɛlɛθ] n. fur, fur-coat ◇ Ety/386
helf [hˈɛl̡v] n. fur ◇ Ety/386
hell [hˈɛl̡l] adj. naked ◇ Ety/386
heltha- (corr. helta) [hˈɛl̡θɑ] v. to strip ◇ Ety/386 ◈ The form helta- in the Etymologies is either a misprint or a misreading, unless the word is actually meant to be Quenya (and in that case, a Q is missing before the entry). Its Sindarin cognate would anyway still be heltha-
hen I → he
hên I → hen II
hên* II [hˈɛːn] pl. hîn* [hˈiːn] n. child (mostly used as a prefix in patronymics or metronymics) ◇ WJ/403
hen* II [hˈɛn] (hend*, henn*, hên) pl. hin* [hˈin] (hîn) n. Biol. eye ◇ Ety/364, LotR/II:IX, WR/128, X/ND1
hend* → hen II
hene → he
heneb* [hˈɛnɛb] adj. of eye, eyed, having eyes ← maecheneb "sharp-eyed", WJ/337
henia- [hˈɛni.ɑ] v. to understand ◈ henio v. inf.
henio [hˈɛni.ɔ] v. inf. of henia-, to understand ◇ Ety/363
henn* → hen II
henneth* [hˈɛnnɛθ] n. window ◇ S/428
herdir* [hˈɛrdir] n. m. master ← i-Cherdir SD/129-31 ◇ hîr+dîr
heria- [hˈɛri.ɑ] v. to begin suddenly and vigorously ◈ herio (corr. heno) v. inf.
herio (corr. heno) [hˈɛri.ɔ] (hœrio (corr. hœno)) v. inf. of heria-, to begin suddenly and vigorously ◇ Ety/364, VT/45:22
heron [hˈɛrɔn] n. m. master ◇ VT/45:22
herth [hˈɛrθ] n. Mil. household, troop under a "hîr" (master, lord) ◇ Ety/364
herven → hervenn
hervenn [hˈɛrvɛn] (herven) n. m. husband ◇ Ety/352, Ety/364, X/ND4 ◇ hîr+benn
herves → hervess
hervess [hˈɛrvɛs] (herves) n. f. wife ◇ Ety/352, Ety/364 ◇ hîr+bess
heryn* [hˈɛryn] n. f. lady ← Roheryn S/436 ◇ hîr+dî
hethu* [hˈɛθu] (hethw) adj. foggy, obscure, vague ◇ Ety/364, X/W
hethw → hethu
hi* soft mut. of si
hîl* [hˈiːl] n. heir ← Eluchíl PM/369
him I [hˈim] adj. 1. steadfast, abiding ○ 2. as an adverb, continually ◇ Ety/364
him* II [hˈim] adj. cool ◇ S/432
hin* I pl. of hen II
hin* II pl. soft mut. of sen
hîn I pl. of he
hîn II pl. of hen II → hin I
hîn* III pl. of hên II
hîr* [hˈiːr] n. m. master, lord ◇ Ety/364, S/432, SD/129-31, Letters/382, LB/354, VT/45:22
hiril [hˈiril̡] n. f. lady ◇ Ety/364
hith → hîth
hîth* [hˈiːθ] (hith) n. mist, fog ◇ Ety/364, S/432
hithlain* [hˈiθlɑjn] n. mist-thread, a substance used by the Elves of Lothlórien to make strong ropes ◇ LotR/II:VIII, LotR/Index ◇ hîth+lain
hithu* [hˈiθu] (hithw) n. fog ◇ Ety/364, X/W
hithui* [hˈiθuj] n. and adj. 1. foggy, misty ○ 2. Cal. as a noun, the month of november ◇ LotR/D
hithw → hithu
hîw [hˈiːw] adj. sticky, viscous ◇ Ety/364
hmael → mael I
hmaes → maw
hniof → nŷw
ho [hɔ] (hon, hono) pl. hyn* [hyn] (huin) pron. he ◇ Ety/385, X/Z
hobas [hˈɔbɑs] n. harbourage ◇ Ety/364
hollen* [hˈɔllɛn] pp. closed ← Fen Hollen LotR/V:IV ◈ It might also be sollen (q.v.), mutated in adjectival position
hon → ho
hono → ho
hœrio (corr. hœno) → herio
horn [hˈɔrn] adj. driven under compulsion, impelled ◇ Ety/364
hortha- [hˈɔrθɑ] v. to urge on, speed ◇ Ety/364
host [hˈɔst] n. gross (144) ◇ Ety/364
hoth* [hˈɔθ] n. Pej. host, crowd, horde (nearly always in a bad sense) ◇ Ety/364, S/432
hû [hˈuː] n. Zool. dog ◇ Ety/364
hûb [hˈuːb] n. haven, harbour, small landlocked bay ◇ Ety/364
hûd [hˈuːd] n. assembly ◇ Ety/364
huin pl. of ho → hyn
hûl [hˈuːl] n. cry of encouragement in battle ◇ Ety/386
hûn [hˈuːn] n. heart (physical) ◇ Ety/364
hûr [hˈuːr] n. readiness for action, vigour, fiery spirit ◇ Ety/364
hwand [ʍˈɑnd] (chwand, chwann) n. sponge, fungus ◇ Ety/388, X/ND1, X/HW
hwest* [ʍˈɛst] (chwest) n. puff, breath, breeze ◇ Ety/388, X/HW
hwîn* [ʍˈiːn] (chwîn) n. giddiness, faintness ◇ Ety/388, X/HW
hwind* [ʍˈind] (chwind, chwinn) adj. twirling, whirling ◇ Ety/388, X/ND1, X/HW
hwinia-* [ʍˈini.ɑ] v. to twirl, whirl, eddy ◈ hwinio* v. inf. ◈ hwiniol* part.
hwinio* [ʍˈini.ɔ] (chwinio) v. inf. of hwinia-, to twirl, whirl, eddy ◇ Ety/388
hwiniol* [ʍˈini.ɔl] (chwiniol) part. of hwinia-, whirling, giddy, fantastic ◇ Ety/388
hyn* pl. of ho
i* [i] pl. in* [in] art. and pron. 1. the ○ 2. who ◇ Ety/361, SD/129-31, Letters/308, Letters/417
ia I → iâ
iâ* [jˈɑː] (ia) n. 1. gulf ○ 2. abyss, void ◇ Ety/400, S/432, Letters/383
ia II → io
iach* [jˈɑx] n ford, crossing ← Arossiach S/382, Brithiach S/286, Cirith Ninniach S/387 ◇ Probably OS *jakkʰ- (YAK), see Quenya yatta "neck, isthmus" in Ety/400
iaeth [jˈɑɛθ] n. neck ◇ Ety/400
iaew [jˈɑɛw] n. mocking, scorn ◇ Ety/400
iant* [jˈɑnt] n. bridge ◇ Ety/400, S/432
ianu* [jˈɑnu] (ianw) n. (?) yoke ◇ Ety/400, X/W ◈ It originally meant "bridge" in the Etymologies, but was apparently switched with iant
ianw → ianu
iâr [jˈɑːr] n. blood ◇ Ety/400
iarwain* [jˈɑrwɑjn] adj. oldest ◇ LotR/II:II ◇ iaur+-wain (?)
iâth* [jˈɑːθ] n. fence ◇ S/433, WJ/369
iathrim* [jˈɑθrim] n. class pl. Elves of Doriath ◇ WJ/378 ◇ iâth+rim
iau I [jˈɑu] n. Bot. corn ◇ Ety/399
iau II [jˈɑu] n. ravine, cleft, gulf ◇ Ety/400
iaun [jˈɑun] n. holy place, fane, sanctuary ◇ Ety/400 ◇ Q yána
iaur* [jˈɑur] adj. 1. ancient, old, original ○ 2. older, former ◇ Ety/358, Ety/399, S/433, UT/384
iavas* [jˈɑvɑs] n. Cal. season of autumn ◇ LotR/D
îdh* [ˈiːð] n. rest, repose ◇ WJ/403
idher → idhor
idhor* [ˈiðr̩] (idher) n. thoughtfulness ◇ Ety/361, X/Z
idhren [ˈiðrɛn] adj. pondering, wise, thoughtful ◇ Ety/361
idhrin → idhrinn
idhrind → idhrinn
idhrinn* [ˈiðrinn] (idhrind, idhrin) n. year ◇ Ety/383, Ety/400, X/ND4 ◇ în+rind
iell [jˈɛl̡l] n. f. 1. daughter ○ 2. girl, maid ◇ Ety/385, Ety/400 ◈ Stated to be an alteration of sell, remodelled after ion "son" (OS *jondo). It was "a change assisted by the loss of s in compounds and patronymics", hence the ending -iel in several feminine words
iest [jˈɛst] n. wish ◇ Ety/400
ifant → iphant
ilaurui* [ilˈɑuruj] adj. daily ◇ VT/44:21,28
im* I [ˈim] pron. I ◇ LotR/II:IV, LB/354
im* II [ˈim] (imm, imb) n. dell, deep vale ← imlad, imloth, imrath, VT/45:18
imb → im II
imm → im II
imlad* [ˈimlɑd] n. narrow valley with steep sides, deep valley ◇ S/433, LotR/Index, VT/45:18 ◇ im+lad
imloth* [ˈimlɔθ] n. flower-valley ◇ LotR/V:VIII, VT/42:18 ◈ This word only occurs in the place name Imloth Melui, a vale where roses grew ◇ im+loth
imrath* [ˈimrɑθ] n. long narrow valley with a road or watercourse running through it lengthwise ◇ UT/465 ◇ im+rath
in* pl. of i
în* I [ˈiːn] adj. his (referring to the subject) ◇ SD/129-31
în II [ˈiːn] n. year ◇ Ety/400
inc [ˈiŋk] n. guess, idea, notion ◇ Ety/361
ind [ˈind] (inn) n. inner thought, meaning, heart ◇ Ety/361, X/ND1
ingem [ˈiŋgɛm] adj. old (of person, in mortal sense: decripit, suffering from old age) ◇ Ety/358, Ety/399, Ety/400 ◈ New word coined by the Elves after meeting with men ◇ în+gem "year-sick"
ínias [ˈiːni.ɑs] n. annals ◇ Ety/400
inn → ind
innas* [ˈinnɑs] n. will ◇ VT/44:21,26
inu* [ˈinu] (inw) adj. female ◇ Ety/361, X/W ◇ MS *inw (reformed after CS anu, MS *anw)
inw → inu
io [jɔ] (ia) adv. ago ◇ Ety/399
iolf → ylf I
ion* [jˈɔn] (iond*, ionn) n. m. 1. son ○ 2. by ext. scion, male descendant ◇ Ety/400, MR/373, X/ND1, X/ND2 ◈ For the second meaning, cf. Hadorion, a Húrin's epithet in WJ/294, Hurinionath referring to the house of Húrin the Steward in PM/202-3,218, and Gil-Galad's epithet Ereinion, cf. also the gloss of the old Qenya cognate yondo "descendant of" in PE/12:106, or the use of the same suffix in later Quenya names such as Isildurioni and Anárioni "Heirs of Isildur (resp. Anárion)" in PM/192,196 ◈ ionnath* n. coll.
iôn* [jˈɔːn] n. son ◇ WJ/337
iond* → ion
ionn → ion
ionnath* [jˈɔnnɑθ] n. coll. of ion, all the sons ◇ SD/129-31
iôr → ŷr
iphant* [ˈiffɑnt] (ifant) adj. aged, long-lived, old (with no connotation of weakness) ◇ Ety/358, Ety/399, X/PH ◇ în+pant "year-full"
ir* [ˈir] conj. when(?) ◇ LB/354 ◈ This word is not translated. It could be related to Quenya íre "when". Some scholars also consider that it could be the form taken by the article i before a vowel, on a pattern similar to ah. To this respect, it might be interesting to note the ir was the allative/dative form of the article in the old Gnomish lexixon, PE/11:9
ist [ˈist] n. lore, knowledge ◇ Ety/361
ista- [ˈistɑ] v. to have knowledge ◈ isto v. inf.
isto [ˈistɔ] v. inf. of ista-, to have knowledge ◇ Ety/361
istui [ˈistuj] adj. learned ◇ Ety/361
ithil* [ˈiθil̡] n. the moon, lit. 'The Sheen' ◇ Ety/361, Ety/385, Ety/392, LotR/E, LB/354
ithildin* [iθˈil̡din] n. a silver-colored substance, which mirrors only starlight and moonlight ◇ LotR/II:IV ◇ ithil+tinu "moon-star"
ithron* [ˈiθrɔn] pl. ithryn* [ˈiθryn] n. wizard ◇ UT/448, Letters/448
ithryn* pl. of ithron
iuith [jˈujθ] n. use ◇ Ety/400
iuitha- [jˈujθɑ] v. to employ, to use ◈ iuitho v. inf.
iuitho [jˈujθɔ] v. inf. of iuitha-, to employ, to use ◇ Ety/400 ◈ The gloss was hardly legible. Christopher Tolkien reads 'to enjoy' but the meaning 'to employ' is much more probable (cf. iuith)
iûl [jˈuːl] n. embers ◇ Ety/400 ◈ The word is classed as Old Noldorin (ON) in the Etymologies, but rather seems to be Noldorin
ivanneth* [ivˈɑnnɛθ] n. Cal. september (month) ◇ LotR/D
ivor* [ˈivr̩] n. (?) crystal ← Ivorwen LotR/A(v) ◇ (?) MS *iυr, OS *imre (I-MIR, augmented form of mîr "jewel")
ivren* [ˈivrɛn] pl. ivrin* [ˈivrin] adj. (?) of crystal, crystalline ◇ S/392, WJ/85 ◈ The reading Eithel Ivrin in S/392 seems erroneous and should probably be corrected into the plural Eithil Ivrin as in WJ/85, unless Ivrin is actually a proper noun (Eithil Ivrin is also rendered as "Ivrin's Well", see WJ/139). The meaning is interpolated from the description of this place in various sources: 'crystal fountains' (Lay of Húrin, verse 1526), 'reflecting their pallid faces' (ibid., verse 2177), 'glassy pools' ( Lay of Leithian, verses 1932-1940) ◇ OS *imrinè (?) (Í-MIR)
ivrin* pl. of ivren
laba-* [lˈɑbɑ] v. to hop ← Labadal UT/60 ◈ This entry is interpolated from Sador's nickname, Labadal, which is rendered as "Hopafoot" in the text
lach* [lˈɑx] (lhach) n. leaping flame ◇ S/433, X/LH
lacha-* [lˈɑxɑ] v. to flame ◈ lacho* v. imp.
lachend* → lachenn
lachenn* [lˈɑxɛnn] (lachend*) pl. lechenn* [lˈɛxinn] (lechind*) n. deep elf (Sindarin name for the Ñoldor) ◇ WJ/384, X/ND4 ◇ lach+hend "flame-eyed"
lacho* [lˈɑxɔ] v. imp. of lacha-, flame! ◇ UT/65
lad* [lˈɑd] n. plain, valley ◇ S/433
laden* [lˈɑdɛn] (lhaden) pl. ledin* [lˈɛdin] (lhedin) adj. open, cleared ◇ Ety/368, X/LH
laeb* [lˈɑɛb] (lhoeb) adj. fresh ◇ Ety/368, X/OE, X/LH
laeg* I [lˈɑɛg] (lhaeg) adj. keen, sharp, acute ◇ Ety/368, X/LH
laeg* II [lˈɑɛg] adj. 'viridis' fresh and green ◇ Letters/282, Letters/382 ◈ Seldom used (replaced by calen)
laegel* [lˈɑɛgɛl̡] pl. laegil* [lˈɑɛgil̡] n. a green elf ◇ WJ/385 ◇ laeg+-el ◈ laegrim* n. class pl.
laegeldrim* → laegrim
laegil* pl. of laegel
laegrim* [lˈɑɛgrim] (laegeldrim*) n. class pl. of laegel, the people of the green Elves ◇ WJ/385 ◇ laegel+rim
laer* I [lˈɑɛr] n. Cal. season of summer ◇ LotR/D
laer* II [lˈɑɛr] n. song ← Laer Cú Beleg S/406
laes* [lˈɑɛs] (lhaes) n. babe ◇ Ety/367, X/LH
lâf* [lˈɑːv] (lhâf) v. 3rd of lav-, (he) licks ◇ Ety/367, X/LH
lagor* [lˈɑgr̩] (lhagr) adj. swift, rapid ◇ Ety/367, X/LH
lain* I [lˈɑjn] (lhein, lhain) adj. free, freed ◇ Ety/368, X/LH
lain* II [lˈɑjn] n. thread ← hithlain LotR/II:VIII, LotR/Index
lalaith* [lˈɑlɑjθ] n. laughter ◇ S/406 ◇ MS *laleiθ, Q lala- "laugh"
lalf [lˈɑlv] pl. lelf [lˈɛl̡v] n. Bot. elm-tree ◇ Ety/348
lalorn* [lˈɑlɔrn] (lhalorn) n. Bot. elm-tree ◇ Ety/367, X/LH ◇ lalf+orn
lalven [lˈɑlvɛn] pl. lelvin [lˈɛl̡vin] n. Bot. elm-tree ◇ Ety/348
lalwen* [lˈɑlwɛn] (lhalwen) pl. lelwin [lˈɛl̡win] n. Bot. elm-tree ◇ Ety/367, X/LH
lam* I [lˈɑm] (lhamb, lham) n. physical tongue ◇ Ety/367, WJ/394, X/LH ◈ lamath* n. coll.
lam* II [lˈɑm] n. Ling. language ◇ WJ/394
lamath* [lˈɑmɑθ] n. coll. of lam I, echoing voices ◇ PM/349
lammas* [lˈɑmmɑs] (lhammas) n. Ling. account of tongues ◇ LR/167, WJ/206, WJ/393, X/LH
lammen* [lˈɑmmɛn] n. my tongue ◇ LotR/II:IV ◈ There was a long controverse between linguists, as to know whether this form was and adjective ("of the tongue, related to the tongue") or the word lam I with a suffixed possessive ("my"). See guren for a similar form
lanc* I [lˈɑŋk] n. naked ◇ UT/418
lanc* II [lˈɑŋk] (lhanc) n. throat ◇ Ety/367, X/LH
lanc* III [lˈɑŋk] n. sharp edge (not of tools), sudden end (as a cliff-edge, or the clean edge of things made by hand or built) ◇ VT/42:8
land* I [lˈɑnd] (lhand) adj. open space, level ◇ Ety/368, X/LH, X/ND1
land* II [lˈɑnd] (lhand, lhann) adj. wide, broad ← Landroval LotR/VI:IV, Ety/367, X/LH, X/ND1
lang* [lˈɑŋ] (lhang) n. cutlass, sword ◇ Ety/367, X/LH
lant* I [lˈɑnt] (lhant) n. clearing in forest ◇ X/LH
lant* II [lˈɑnt] n. fall ← Lanthir S/406, PM/349 ◇ Q lanta
lanthir* [lˈɑnθir] n. waterfall ◇ S/406, PM/349 ◇ lant+sîr "falling stream"
lasbelin* [lˈɑsbɛlin] (lhasbelin) n. Cal. season of autumn ◇ Ety/366-367, X/LH ◇ lass+pelin "leaf withering"
lass* [lˈɑss] (lhass) n. leaf ◇ Ety/367, Letters/282, TC/169, X/LH
lasta-* [lˈɑstɑ] v. to listen ◈ lasto* v. imp.
lasto* [lˈɑstɔ] v. imp. of lasta-, listen! ◇ LotR/II:IV, RS/463, LB/354
lath* [lˈɑθ] (lhath) n. (?) thong of leather ◇ Ety/368, X/LH
lathra-* [lˈɑθrɑ] v. to listen in, eavesdrop ◈ lathro* v. inf.
lathrada-* [lˈɑθrɑdɑ] v. to listen in, eavesdrop ◈ lathrado* v. inf.
lathrado* [lˈɑθrɑdɔ] (lhathrado) v. inf. of lathrada-, to listen in, eavesdrop ◇ Ety/368, X/LH
lathro* [lˈɑθrɔ] (lhathro) v. inf. of lathra-, to listen in, eavesdrop ◇ Ety/368, X/LH
lathron* [lˈɑθrɔn] (lhathron) n. hearer, listener, eavesdropper ◇ Ety/368, X/LH
laug* [lˈɑug] (lhaug) adj. warm ◇ Ety/368, X/LH
lav-* [lˈɑv] v. to lick ◈ lâf* v. 3rd ◈ levi* v. inf.
lavan* [lˈɑvɑn] pl. levain* [lˈɛvɑjn] n. Zool. animal (usually applied to four-footed beasts, and never to reptiles or birds) ◇ WJ/388, WJ/416
laws* [lˈɑws] (lhaws) n. hair ringlet ◇ Ety/370, X/LH
le* [lɛ] pron. to thee (reverential) ◇ LotR/II:I, LotR/IV:X, RGEO/72-73, Letters/278, LB/354
lebed* [lˈɛbɛd] (lhebed) n. finger ◇ Ety/368, X/LH
leben* [lˈɛbɛn] (lheben) adj. num. five ◇ Ety/368, TAI/150, VT/42:24-25, X/LH
lebethron* [lɛbˈɛθrɔn] n. Bot. a tree - its black wood was used by the woodwrights of Gondor ◇ LotR/IV:VII, LotR/VI:V, WR/176 ◈ In the original manuscript, one of the earlier (rejected) form of this name was lebendron. Didier Willis proposed the etymology lebed+doron "finger-oak", actually a real tree name (Finger Oak or Quercus digitata)
lechenn* pl. of lachenn
lechind* pl. of lachenn → lechenn
ledin* pl. of laden
lefnui* [lˈɛvnuj] (lhefneg) adj. num. fifth ◇ WR/436, VT/42:25, TI/312
leithia- [lˈɛjθi.ɑ] (lheitho) v. to release ◇ Ety/368, X/LH
leithian* [lˈɛjθi.ɑn] (lheithian) n. release, freeing, release from bondage ◇ Ety/368, S/406, X/LH
lelf pl. of lalf
lelvin pl. of lalven
lelwin pl. of lalwen
lembas* [lˈɛmbɑs] n. journey bread made by the Elves ◇ PM/404, LotR/II:VIII ◇ lend+bass
lend* I [lˈɛnd] (lenn-*) n. journey ← lenn-mbas PM/404, X/ND1
lend* II [lˈɛnd] (lhend) adj. tuneful, sweet ◇ Ety/369, X/LH, X/ND1
lenn-* → lend I
lest* [lˈɛst] n. girdle ◇ WJ/333, WJ/225, WJ/228
lethril* [lˈɛθril] (lhethril) n. f. hearer, listener, eavesdropper ◇ VT/45:26, X/LH
levain* pl. of lavan
levi* [lˈɛvi] (lhefi) v. inf. of lav-, to lick ◇ Ety/367, X/LH
lhach → lach
lhaden → laden
lhaeg → laeg I
lhaes → laes
lhaew* [ɬˈɑɛw] (thlaew, thloew, flaew) adj. sickly, sick, ill ◇ Ety/386, X/OE, X/LH
lhâf → lâf
lhagr → lagor
lhain I → lain I
lhain* II [ɬˈɑjn] (thlein) pl. lhîn* [ɬˈiːn] (thlîn) adj. lean, thin, meagre ◇ Ety/386, X/LH
lhalorn → lalorn
lhalwen → lalwen
lham → lam I
lhamb → lam I
lhammas → lammas
lhanc → lanc II
lhand I → land I
lhand II → land II
lhang → lang
lhann → land II
lhant → lant I
lhasbelin → lasbelin
lhass → lass
lhath → lath
lhathrado → lathrado
lhathro → lathro
lhathron → lathron
lhaug → laug
lhaw* [ɬˈɑw] n. pl. Biol. ears (referring to one person's pair of ears only) ◇ Ety/368, LotR/II:IX ◇ OS *λåhu, CE *slâsû (dual) ◈ lhewig n. sing.
lhaws → laws
lhê* [ɬˈɛː] (thlê) n. fine thread, spider filament ◇ Ety/386, X/LH
lhebed → lebed
lheben → leben
lhedin pl. of laden → ledin
lhefi → levi
lhefneg → lefnui
lhein → lain I
lheithian → leithian
lheitho → leithia-
lhend → lend II
lhethril → lethril
lhewig [ɬˈɛwig] n. sing. of lhaw, Biol. ear ◇ Ety/368, LotR/II:IX ◇ lhaw+-ig
lhim → lim III
lhimb → lim III
lhimlug → limlug
lhimmid → limmida-
lhimmint pa. t. of limmida- → limmint
lhimp → limp
lhîn I → lîn
lhîn* II pl. of lhain II
lhind I → lind
lhind* II [ɬˈind] (thlind, thlinn) adj. fine, slender ◇ Ety/386, X/LH, X/ND1
lhing* [ɬˈiŋ] (thling) n. spider, spider's web, cobweb ◇ Ety/386, X/LH
lhingril* [ɬˈiŋgril̡] (thlingril) n. spider ◇ Ety/386, X/LH
lhinn → lind
lhîr → lîr
lhîw* [ɬˈiːw] (fliw, thliw) n. sickness ◇ Ety/386, X/LH
lhoch → loch
lhoda → loda-
lhoeb → laeb
lhong → long
lhonn → lond
lhoss* [ɬɔˈss] (floss, thloss) n. whisper or rustling sound ◇ Ety/386, X/LH
lhost → lost
lhoth → loth
lhû → lû
lhûg* [ɬˈuːg] n. Zool. snake, serpent ◇ Ety/370, S/434
lhum → lum
lhumren → lumren
lhûn [ɬˈuːn] adj. blue → luin ◇ Ety/370
lhunt → lunt
lhûth → lûth
lhútha- → lútha-
lim* I [lˈim] adv. (?) on ← noro lim LotR/I:XII, RS/196 ◈ See noro for discussion
lim* II [lˈim] adj. clear, sparkling, light ◇ WJ/337
lim* III [lˈim] (lhim, lhimb) n. Zool. fish ◇ Ety/369, X/LH
limlug* [lˈimlug] (lhimlug) n. fish-dragon, sea-serpent ◇ Ety/370, X/LH ◇ lim+lhûg
limmida-* [lˈimmidɑ] (lhimmid) pa. t. limmint* [lˈimmint] (lhimmint) v. to moisten ◇ Ety/369, X/LH
limmint* pa. t. of limmida-
limp* [lˈimp] (lhimp) adj. wet ◇ Ety/369, X/LH
lin* → lín
lín* [lˈiːn] (lin*) adj. thy (reverential) ◇ VT/44:21,24
lîn* [lˈiːn] (lhîn) n. pool ◇ Ety/369, X/LH ◈ liniath n. coll.
lind* [lˈind] (lhind, lhinn) n. air, tune ◇ Ety/369, X/LH, X/ND1
liniath [lˈini.ɑθ] n. coll. of lîn, pools ← Hithliniath WJ/194
linna-* [lˈinnɑ] v. to sing ← linnathon LotR/II:I ◈ linnathon* v. 1st ◈ linnon* v. 1st
linnathon* [lˈinnɑθɔn] v. 1st of linna-, I will sing, I will chant ◇ LotR/II:I, RGEO/72
linnod* [lˈinnɔd] n. 1. (?) a single verse used as a maxim ○ 2. (?) a chant of a certain metrical type, where each (half-)verse is composed of seven syllables ◇ LotR/A(iv) ◈ The word is not translated by Tolkien. The first meaning assumes that -od is a singulative affix (cf. filigod). The second meaning is proposed by Carl Hostetter and Patrick Wynne in Tolkien's Legendarium p. 132, based on the metrical characteristics of Gilraen's linnod ◇ OS? *lindot- (singulative) or lind (linn) + od(og) "chant of seven"
linnon* [lˈinnɔn] v. 1st of linna-, I sing ◇ LB/354
lîr* [lˈiːr] (lhîr) n. row, range ◇ Ety/369, X/LH
lith* [lˈiθ] n. ash, sand, dust ◇ Ety/369, S/434, TC/178
lithui* [lˈiθuj] adj. ashen, ashy, of ash, ash-coloured, dusty ◇ S/434, UT/435, RGEO/74, TC/178, VT/42:10
lô* [lˈɔː] n. shallow lake, fenland ◇ UT/263
loch* [lˈɔx] (lhoch) n. ringlet ◇ Ety/370, X/LH
loda-* [lˈɔdɑ] (lhoda-) v. to float ◇ Ety/370, X/LH
loeg* [lˈɔɛg] n. pool ◇ S/407
loen* [lˈɔɛn] adj. soaking wet, swamped ◇ VT/42:10
lond* [lˈɔnd] (lonn*, lhonn) n. 1. narrow path or strait ○ 2. by ext. entrance to harbour, land-locked haven ◇ Ety/348, Ety/370, S/434, UT/450, VT/42:10, X/LH, X/ND1 ◈ lonnath* n. coll.
long* [lˈɔŋ] (lhong) adj. heavy ◇ Ety/370, X/LH
lonn* → lond
lonnath* [lˈɔnnɑθ] n. coll. of lond, havens ◇ WR/294, WR/370
loss* [lˈɔss] n. snow (especially fallen or long-lying snow) ◇ S/434, VT/42:18, RGEO/70
lossen* [lˈɔssɛn] adj. snowy ◇ RGEO/70
Lossoth* [lˈɔssɔθ] n. class pl. the Snowmen ◇ LotR/A, RGEO/70 ◇ loss+hoth
lost* [lˈɔst] (lhost) adj. empty ◇ Ety/370, X/LH
loth* [lˈɔθ] (lhoth) n. Bot. flower, inflorescence, a head of small flowers ◇ Ety/370, LB/354, VT/42:18, X/LH ◈ The noun is collective, a single flower being lotheg
lotheg* [lˈɔθɛg] n. sing. of loth, Bot. (single) flower ◇ VT/42:18 ◇ loth + -eg
lothron* [lˈɔθrɔn] n. Cal. may (month) ◇ LotR/D
lû* [lˈuː] (lhû) n. a time, occasion ◇ Ety/370, X/LH
luin* [lˈujn] adj. invar. blue → lhûn ◇ LotR (misc.), S/434, UT/390, Ety/370
luithia-* [lˈujθi.ɑ] v. to quench ← uluithiad SD/62 ◈ luithiad* ger.
luithiad* [lˈujθi.ɑd] ger. of luithia-, quenching ← uluithiad SD/62
lum* [lˈum] (lhum) n. shade ◇ Ety/370, X/LH
lumren* [lˈumrɛn] (lhumren) adj. shady ◇ Ety/370, X/LH
lunt* [lˈunt] (lhunt) n. boat ◇ Ety/370, X/LH
lûth* [lˈuːθ] (lhûth) n. spell, charm ◇ Ety/370, X/LH
lútha-* [lˈuːθɑ] (lhútha-) v. to enchant ◇ Ety/370, X/LH
lŷg (corr. lyg) * [lˈyːg] n. Zool. snake ◇ LotR/E
mad- [mˈɑd] v. to eat ◈ medi v. inf.
mbair* pl. nasal mut. of bar
mbar* nasal mut. of bar
mbas* soft mut. of bass ← imbas VT/44:21,27-8
mae* [mˈɑɛ] adv. well ◇ LotR/I:XII, Letters/308
maecheneb* [mˈɑɛxɛnɛb] adj. sharp-eyed ◇ WJ/337 ◇ maeg+heneb
maed* I [mˈɑɛd] adj. shapely ◇ PM/366, VT/41:10
maed* II [mˈɑɛd] (moed) adj. handy, skilled ◇ Ety/371, X/OE
maeg* [mˈɑɛg] adj. sharp, piercing, penetrating, going deep in something ◇ S/434, WJ/337
mael I [mˈɑɛl] (hmael) n. and adj. 1. stain ○ 2. stained ◇ Ety/386
mael* II [mˈɑɛl] (moel) n. lust ◇ Ety/373, X/OE
maelui* [mˈɑɛluj] (moelui) adj. lustful ◇ Ety/373, X/OE
maen [mˈɑɛn] adj. skilled, clever ◇ Ety/371
maenas [mˈɑɛnɑs] n. craft ◇ Ety/371
maer [mˈɑɛr] adj. useful, fit, good (of things) ◇ Ety/371
maeth [mˈɑɛθ] n. battle, fight (not of general host but of two or a few) ◇ Ety/371
maetha- [mˈɑɛθɑ] v. to fight ◇ Ety/371
maethor [mˈɑɛθr̩] n. warrior ◇ Ety/371
maew [mˈɑɛw] n. Orn. gull ◇ Ety/373
magl → magol
magol [mˈɑgl̩] (magl) n. sword ◇ Ety/371 ◈ The word megil (q.v.), probably introduced by the Ñoldor, was also used
magor* [mˈɑgr̩] n. swordsman ← Menelvagor LotR/E, WJ/234
maidh [mˈɑjð] (meidh) adj. pale, fallow, fawn ◇ Ety/371, X/EI
mail* pl. of mâl
main* [m'ɑjn] (mein) adj. num. first, (only in the sense of) prime, chief, pre-eminent ◇ VT/42:25
mâl [mˈɑːl] pl. mail* [mˈɑjl] (meil, mely) n. pollen, yellow powder ◇ Ety/386, X/EI
malen [mˈɑlɛn] pl. melin [mˈɛlin] adj. yellow ◇ Ety/386
mall* [mˈɑlt] (malt) n. gold (as metal) ◇ Ety/386, X/LD
mallen [mˈɑllɛn] adj. of gold ◇ Ety/386
mallorn* [mˈɑllɔrn] pl. mellyrn* [mˈɛl̡lyrn] n. Bot. golden tree of Lothlórien ◇ S/435, LotR/II:IV ◇ mall+orn "tree of gold"
mallos* [mˈɑllɔs] n. Bot. a golden flower ◇ UT/451, Letters/248 ◇ mall+los "flower of gold"
malt → mall
malthen [mˈɑlθɛn] adj. of gold, golden ◇ Ety/386
malu* [mˈɑlu] (malw) adj. fallow, pale ◇ Ety/386, X/W
malw → malu
man* [mɑn] pron. what? (?) ◇ TL/21:09
mân [mˈɑːn] n. departed spirit ◇ Ety/371
manadh [mˈɑnɑð] n. 1. doom, final end, fate, fortune ○ 2. by ext. final bliss ◇ Ety/371
matha- [mˈɑθɑ] v. to stroke, feel, handle ◈ matho v. inf.
matho [mˈɑθɔ] v. inf. of matha-, to stroke, feel, handle ◇ Ety/371
maur [mˈɑur] n. gloom ◇ Ety/373
maw [mˈɑw] (hmaes) n. soil, stain ◇ Ety/386
medi [mˈɛdi] v. inf. of mad-, to eat ◇ Ety/371
medli* [mˈɛdli] (megli) n. Zool. bear ◇ Ety/369, Ety/371, X/DL ◇ mad-+glî "honey-eater"
medlin* [mˈɛdlin] (meglin) adj. honey-eater, bear-like ◇ Ety/369, X/DL
medui* [mˈɛduj] adj. last ← na vedui, Arvedui LotR/I:XII, LotR/A(iv)
megil* [mˈɛgil̡] n. sword ◇ Ety/371 ◈ The word was struck out in the Etymologies, but is well attested in late compounds such as Mormegil or Arvegil (with regular mutation). It is conceivably the Sindarinized form of Quenya makil, coexisting with magol (see tegil and tegol for a similar case)
megli → medli
meglin → medlin
megor* [mˈɛgr̩] adj. sharp-pointed ← *megr WJ/337
meidh → maidh
meil pl. of mâl → mail
mein → main
mela- [mˈɛlɑ] pa. t. melant [mˈɛlɑnt] v. to love ◇ VT/45:34 ◈ melo v. inf.
melant pa. t. of mela-
melch [mˈɛl̡x] adj. greedy ◇ Ety/373
meldir [mˈɛl̡dir] n. m. friend ◇ Ety/372 ◇ mell+dîr
meldis [mˈɛl̡dis] n. f. friend ◇ Ety/372 ◇ mell+dîs
meleth [mˈɛlɛθ] n. love ◇ Ety/372
melethril [mɛlˈɛθril̡] n. f. lover ◇ Ety/372
melethron [mɛlˈɛθrɔn] n. m. lover ◇ Ety/372
melin pl. of malen
mell [mˈɛl̡l] adj. dear ◇ Ety/372
mellon* [mˈɛl̡lɔn] pl. mellyn* [mˈɛl̡lyn] n. friend ◇ Ety/372, LotR/II:IV, SD/129-31, Letters/424
mellyn* pl. of mellon
mellyrn* pl. of mallorn
melo [mˈɛlɔ] v. inf. of mela-, to love ◇ VT/45:34
melui* [mˈɛluj] adj. sweet ◇ LotR/V:VIII, VT/42:18 ◈ This word only occurs in the place name Imloth Melui, a vale where roses grew
mely pl. of mâl → mail
men* I [mˈɛn] pron. us ← ammen LotR/II:IV, LB/354
men* II [mˈɛn] n. way, road ◇ UT/281
meneg* [mˈɛnɛg] adj. num. thousand ← Menegroth "thousand caves" S/409
menel* [mˈɛnɛl̡] n. sky, high heaven, firmament, the region of the stars ◇ LotR/II:I, LotR/IV:X, LB/354, RGEO/72, VT/44:21,23-24 ◇ Q menel
ment [mˈɛnt] n. point ◇ Ety/373
meren [mˈɛrɛn] adj. festive, gay, joyous ◇ Ety/372 ◈ The word was changed to beren in the Etymologies, but meren would be restored together with mereth
mereth* [mˈɛrɛθ] n. feast, festival ◇ Ety/372, S/434 ◈ The word was changed to bereth in the Etymologies, but was never changed in the texts (cf. Mereth Aderthad and the compound Merethrond)
meril* [mˈɛril̡] n. Bot. rose (flower) ◇ SD/129-31
merilin [mˈɛrilˌin] (mœrilind) n. Orn. nightingale (bird) ◇ Ety/394, X/ND4 ◇ môr+lind, irreg. OS *morilinde
mesc → mesg
mesg [mˈɛsg] (mesc) adj. wet ◇ Ety/373
meth [mˈɛθ] n. end ◇ Ety/373
methed* [mˈɛθɛd] n. end ◇ UT/452
methen [mˈɛθɛn] adj. end, final ◇ Ety/373, VT/45:34
mhellyn* pl. soft mut. of mellon
mîdh (corr. mídh) [mˈiːð] n. dew ◇ Ety/373
mîl [mˈiːl] n. love, affection ◇ Ety/372
milui [mˈiluj] adj. friendly, loving, kind ◇ Ety/372
min I [mˈin] adj. num. one ◇ Ety/373
min* II [min] prep. between the ← Minhiriath LotR/Map ◇ OS *mi, with suffixed article (MI)
min* III → mín II
mín* I [mˈiːn] pron. us ◇ VT/44:21,28
mín* II [mˈiːn] (min*) adj. our ◇ VT/44:21,22,28
minai* [mˈinɑj] (minei) adj. single, distinct, unique ◇ Ety/373, X/EI
minas* [mˈinɑs] (minnas) n. 1. tower ○ 2. by ext. fort, city with a citadel and central watch-tower ◇ Ety/373, S/434, VT/42:24
mindon [mˈindɔn] n. 1. isolated hill, especially a hill with a watch tower ○ 2. by ext. tower ◇ Ety/373, Ety/395
minei → minai
miniel* [mˈini.ɛl̡] pl. mínil* [mˈiːnil̡] n. an elf, one of the Vanyar ◇ WJ/383 ◇ min+-el "first elf"
mínil* pl. of miniel
minlamad* [mˈinlɑmɑd] n. Ling. 'first voiced' or 'first-echoing', alliterative (?) verse mode (minlamad thent/estent) ◇ UT/146, WJ/311, WJ/315 ◈ The word is not translated by Tolkien. For a discussion of its probable meaning, refer to Tolkien's Legendarium p. 121-122
minna-* [mˈinnɑ] v. to enter ◈ minno* v. imp.
minnas → minas
minno* [mˈinnɔ] v. imp. of minna-, enter! (lit. to the inside!) ◇ LotR/II:IV
minui* [mˈinuj] adj. num. first ◇ VT/42:25
minuial* [minˈuj.ɑl] n. morrowdim', the time near dawn, when the star fade ◇ LotR/D ◇ min+uial "first twilight"
mîr* [mˈiːr] n. jewel, precious thing, treasure ◇ Ety/373, LotR/E, S/434, PM/348, LB/354, RGEO/73
mírdain* pl. of mírdan
mírdan* [mˈiːrdɑn] pl. mírdain* [mˈiːrdɑjn] n. jewel-smith ◇ S/401 ◇ mîr+tân
mirian* [mˈiri.ɑn] n. piece of money, coin used in Gondor → canath ◇ PM/45
míriel* [mˈiːri.ɛl̡] part. sparkling like a jewel ◇ RGEO/64, LotR/II:I
mist [mˈist] n. error, wandering ◇ Ety/373
mista- [mˈistɑ] v. to stray ◈ misto v. inf.
mistad* [mˈistɑd] (mistrad) n. straying, error ◇ Ety/373, X/Z
misto [mˈistɔ] v. inf. of mista-, to stray ◇ Ety/373
mistrad → mistad
mith I [mˈiθ] n. white fog, wet mist ◇ Ety/373
mith* II [mˈiθ] adj. (pale) grey ◇ Ety/373, S/434, TC/187
mithren* [mˈiθrɛn] pl. mithrin* [mˈiθrin] adj. grey ◇ UT/436
mithril* [mˈiθril̡] n. true-silver, a silver-like metal ◇ LotR ◇ mith+rill "grey brilliance"
mithrin* pl. of mithren
moe [mˈɔɛ] adj. soft ◇ Ety/371
moeas [mˈɔɛ.ɑs] n. dough ◇ Ety/371
moed → maed II
moel → mael II
moelui → maelui
môr* [mˈɔːr] n. darkness, dark, night ◇ Ety/373, Letters/382
morben* [mˈɔrbɛn] pl. morbin* [mˈɔrbin] (mœrbin*) n. one of the Avari or Easterlings in Beleriand ◇ WJ/376-377 ◇ morn+pen, altered from OS *moripende
morbin* pl. of morben
mœrbin* pl. of morben → morbin
morchaint* pl. of morchant
morchant* [mˈɔrxɑnt] pl. morchaint* [mˈɔrxɑjnt] n. shadow (of objects, cast by light), dark shape ◇ S/432, VT/42:9 ◇ morn+cant "dark shape"
morgul* [mˈɔrgul] n. black arts, sorcery, necromancy ◇ Ety/377, S/432, WJ/383, MR/350 ◇ morn+gûl "dark magic"
mœrilind → merilin
morn* [mˈɔrn] pl. myrn* [mˈyrn] adj. black, dark ◇ Ety/373, Letters/382, Letters/427, WJ/368, WR/113, UT/65
mornedhel* [mˈɔrnɛðɛl̡] n. dark-elf ◇ WJ/377, WJ/380 ◇ morn+edhel
muda- [mˈudɑ] v. to labour, toil ◈ mudo v. inf.
mudas [mˈudɑs] n. labour, toil ◇ Ety/373 ◈ The Etymologies list this word as the past tense of the verb mudo, but actually it looks more like a noun
mudo [mˈudɔ] v. inf. of muda-, to labour, toil ◇ Ety/373 ◈ The Etymologies list mudas as the past tense of this this verb, but actually this form looks more like a noun "labour, toil"
muin [mˈujn] adj. dear ◇ Ety/374
muindor [mˈujndɔr] pl. muindyr [mˈujndyr] n. m. brother ◇ Ety/394 ◇ muin+tôr
muindyr pl. of muindor
muinthel [mˈujnθɛl̡] pl. muinthil [mˈujnθil̡] n. f. sister ◇ Ety/392 ◇ muin+thêl
muinthil pl. of muinthel
mûl [mˈuːl] n. slave, thrall ◇ Ety/373
mund* [mˈund] n. Zool. bull ◇ Letters/422-423
mŷl* [mˈyːl] n. Orn. gull ◇ WJ/379-380, WJ/418
myrn* pl. of morn
na-* [nˈɑ] v. to be ← no aer i eneth lín VT/44:21,24 ◈ no* v. imp.
na* [nɑ] prep. 1. with, by (also used as a genitive sign) ○ 2. to, towards, at ◇ Ety/374, LotR/I:XII
nad [nˈɑd] n. thing ◇ Ety/374
nadhor [nˈɑðr̩] n. pasture ◇ Ety/374
nadhras [nˈɑðrɑs] n. pasture ◇ Ety/374
nae [nˈɑɛ] interj. alas ◇ Ety/375
naeg [nˈɑɛg] n. pain ◇ Ety/375
naegra-* [nˈɑɛgrɑ] v. to pain ◈ naegro* v. inf.
naegro* [nˈɑɛgrɔ] (negro) v. inf. of naegra-, to pain ◇ Ety/375, X/Z
naer* [nˈɑɛr] (noer) adj. sad, lamentable ◇ Ety/375, X/OE
naergon* [nˈɑɛrgɔn] n. woeful lament ◇ PM/362
naeth* [nˈɑɛθ] n. 1. biting ○ 2. by ext. woe (gets senses of gnashing teeth in grief) ← Elu-naeth WJ/258, Ety/374-375
naew [nˈɑɛw] n. jaw ◇ Ety/374
nag- [nˈɑg] v. to bite ◇ Ety/374
nail* [nˈɑjl] (neil) adj. num. third ◇ VT/42:25
naith* [nˈɑjθ] pl. natsai [nˈɑtsɑj] n. any formation or projection tapering to a point: a spearhead, gore, wedge, narrow promontory, triangle ◇ Ety/387, UT/282
nalla-* [nˈɑllɑ] v. to cry ← nallon LotR/IV:X, RGEO/72, Letters/278 ◈ nallon* v. 1st
nallon* [nˈɑllɔn] v. 1st of nalla-, I cry ◇ LotR/IV:X, RGEO/72, Letters/278
nan* [nˈɑn] (nand*, nann) n. 1. wide grassland, land at foot of hills with many streams ○ 2. by ext. valley ◇ Ety/374, S/435, Letters/308, VT/45:36, X/ND1
nana [nˈɑnɑ] n. hypo. mother, mummy ◇ Ety/348, Ety/374
nand* → nan
naneth [nˈɑnɛθ] n. mother ◇ Ety/348, Ety/374
nann → nan
nâr [nˈɑːr] n. rat ◇ Ety/379
narbeleth* [nˈɑrbɛlɛθ] n. Cal. october (month) ◇ LotR/D ◇ naur+peleth "sun-waning"
narcha- [nˈɑrxɑ] v. to rend ◇ Ety/374
nardh [nˈɑrð] n. knot ◇ Ety/387
narn* [nˈɑrn] pl. nern* [nˈɛrn] n. a tale or a saga, that is told in verse to be spoken and not sung ◇ Ety/374, WJ/313, MR/373, S/412 ◇ OS *narna, CE *nʲarnâ "told"
nartha- [nˈɑrθɑ] v. to kindle ◈ nartho v. inf. ◈ narthan* n.
narthan* [nˈɑrθɑn] n. beacon, signal fire to notify of the approach of an enemy ← Fornarthan VT/42:30
nartho [nˈɑrθɔ] v. inf. of nartha-, to kindle ◇ VT/45:37
naru [nˈɑru] (narw) adj. red ◇ Ety/374, X/W
narw → naru
narwain* [nˈɑrwɑjn] n. Cal. january (month) ◇ LotR/D ◇ naur+gwain "new sun"
nass [nˈɑss] n. 1. point, (sharp) end ○ 2. angle or corner ◇ Ety/375, VT/45:37
nasta- [nˈɑstɑ] v. to prick, point, stick, thrust ◇ Ety/375, VT45:37
nath [nˈɑθ] n. web ◇ Ety/375
nathron [nˈɑθrɔn] n. weaver, webster ◇ Ety/375
natsai pl. of naith
naud [nˈɑud] adj. bound ◇ Ety/378
naug* [nˈɑug] n. and adj. 1. stunted, dwarf ○ 2. as a noun, a dwarf ◇ Ety/375, WJ/388 ◈ naugrim* n. class pl.
naugl → naugol
naugol [nˈɑugl̩] (naugl) n. dwarf ◇ Ety/375 ◈ Diminutive form of naug
naugrim* [nˈɑugrim] n. class pl. of naug, dwarves ◇ WJ/388 ◇ naug+rim
naur* [nˈɑur] n. 1. flame ○ 2. fire ◇ Ety/374, S/435, LotR/II:IV
nauth [nˈɑuθ] n. thought ◇ Ety/378
nautha- [nˈɑuθɑ] v. to conceive ◇ Ety/378
naw [nˈɑw] pl. noe* [nˈɔɛ] (nui) n. idea ◇ Ety/378, X/Z
nawag [nˈɑwɑg] pl. neweg (neweig) n. dwarf ◇ Ety/375
ned* [nɛd] prep. in, of (time, e.g. giving a date) ◇ SD/129-31
neder* [nˈɛdɛr] adj. num. nine ◇ Ety/376, VT/42:25
nedh- [nɛð] pref. in, inside, mid- ◇ Ety/376 ◈ See also the preposition ned, and the noun ened for a discussion of this form
nedhu* [nˈɛðu] (nedhw) n. bolster, cushion ◇ Ety/378, X/W
nedhw → nedhu
nedia-* [nˈɛdi.ɑ] (nœdia-) v. to count ◇ Ety/378
nedrui* [nˈɛdruj] adj. num. ninth ◇ VT/42:10
nef* [nɛv] prep. on this side of ◇ LotR/II:I, RGEO/72
negro → naegro
negyth* pl. of nogoth
neil → nail
neitha-* [nˈɛjθɑ] v. to wrong, to deprive ← Neithan UT/456
neithan* [nˈɛjθɑn] adj. deprived, wronged ◇ UT/456
nêl I [nˈɛːl] (neleg) pl. nelig* [nˈɛlig] n. tooth ◇ Ety/376, WR/113
nêl* II [nˈɛːl] adj. num. three ◇ VT/42:25 ◈ See also neled
nelchaenen* [nɛl̡xˈɑɛnɛn] adj. num. thirtieth ◇ SD/129-31
neled [nˈɛlɛd] (neledh) adj. num. three ◇ Ety/376, TAI150
neledh → neled
neledhi → neledhia-
neledhia- [nɛlˈɛði.ɑ] (neledhi) v. to enter ◇ TAI/150, HL/77 ◈ Hammond and Scull apparently understand this word as a derivative of neledh "three", hence their translation neledh neledhi "three by three". However, we have shown in Hiswelókë (third issue, pp. 74-78) that this word is conceivably a verb derived from LED "to go". The prefix ne- also occurs in nestegi "to insert, stick in" ◇ OS *ne- + ledi- "to go into"
neleg → nêl I
nelig* pl. of nêl I
nell [nˈɛl̡l] n. bell ◇ Ety/379
nella- [nˈɛl̡lɑ] v. to sound bells ◇ Ety/379
nelladel [nˈɛl̡lɑdɛl̡] n. ringing of bells ◇ Ety/379 ◇ nellad+-el
nelthil [nˈɛl̡θil] n. triangle ◇ Ety/376, Ety/393 ◇ nel-+till
nelui* [nˈɛluj] adj. num. third ◇ VT/42:25
nem [nˈɛm] (nemb) n. Biol. nose ◇ Ety/376
nemb → nem
nen* [nˈɛn] pl. nîn* [nˈiːn] n. 1. water (used of a lake, pool or lesser river) ○ 2. by ext. waterland ◇ Ety/376, S/435, UT/457
nend [nˈɛnd] (nenn) adj. watery ◇ Ety/376, X/ND1
nenn → nend
nern* pl. of narn
nesta- [nˈɛstɑ] v. to heal ← nestad WR/379-380 ◈ nestad ger.
nestad [nˈɛstɑd] ger. of nesta-, healing ◇ WR/379-80
nestadren [nɛstˈɑdrɛn] pl. nestedrin (corr. nestedriu) [nɛstˈɛdrin] adj. healing ◇ WR/380 ◇ nestad+-ren
nestag- [nˈɛstɑg] pa. t. nestanc [nˈɛstɑŋk] v. to insert, stick in ◇ Ety/388 ◈ nestegi v. inf.
nestanc pa. t. of nestag-
nestedrin (corr. nestedriu) pl. of nestadren
nestegi [nˈɛstɛgi] v. inf. of nestag-, to insert, stick in ◇ Ety/388
neth [nˈɛθ] adj. young ◇ Ety/377
neweg pl. of nawag
neweig pl. of nawag → neweg
ngaurhoth* nasal mut. of gaurhoth
nguruthos* nasal mut. of guruthos
niben* [nˈibɛn] pl. nibin* [nˈibin] adj. small, petty ◇ S/435, WJ/388, WJ/408
nibin* pl. of niben
nîd [nˈiːd] adj. damp, wet, tearful ◇ Ety/376
nîdh [nˈiːð] n. honeycomb ◇ VT/45:38
nîf [nˈiːv] n. front, face ◇ Ety/378
nifred → niphred
nifredil → niphredil
nim- → nimp
nimmid → nimmida-
nimmida- [nˈimmidɑ] (nimmid) pa. t. nimmint [nˈimmint] v. to whiten ◇ Ety/378, X/Z
nimmint pa. t. of nimmida-
nimp [nˈimp] (nim-) adj. pale, white ◇ Ety/378
nin* [nin] pron. me ◇ LotR/IV:X, RGEO/72
nín* [nˈiːn] adj. my ◇ UT/40, VT/44:22 ◈ The acute accent in nín has sometimes been regarded as an error for a slanted macron in the manuscript, since all the other attested personal adjectives from Sauron defeated all have a circumflex accent. It was noted though that if the acute accent is confirmed, then this word is probably an enclitic, see HL/73. The acute accent is now confirmed by VT/44
nîn* I pl. of nen
nîn II [nˈiːn] n. tear ◇ ETY/376
nîn* III [nˈiːn] adj. wet, watery ← Nindalf TC/195, S/435
nind* [nˈind] (ninn) adj. slender ◇ Ety/378, X/ND1
ninglor* [nˈiŋglɔr] n. Bot. golden water-flower, gladden ◇ UT/280-81, UT/450 ◇ nîn+glaur "water gold"
níniel (corr. niniel) [nˈiːni.ɛl̡] adj. tearful ◇ Ety/376
nínim [nˈiːnim] n. Bot. snowdrop (flower) ◇ Ety/367 ◇ nîn+nimp "white tear"
ninn → nind
ninniach* [nˈinni.ɑx] n. rainbow ◇ S/387 ◇ Probably nîn, *ninn- + iach "water-ford"
nínui* [nˈiːnuj] n. and adj. 1. watery ○ 2. Cal. as a noun, the month of february ◇ LotR/D
niphred* [nˈifrɛd] (nifred) n. pallor, fear ◇ Ety/378, S/435, X/PH
niphredil* [nˈifrɛdil̡] (nifredil) n. Bot. a pale winter flower, snowdrop ◇ Ety/376, Ety/378, LotR/II:VI, Letters/402, X/PH ◇ niphred+-il "little pallor"
nîr [nˈiːr] n. tear, weeping ◇ Ety/376
nírnaeth [nˈiːrnɑɛθ] n. lamentation ◇ Ety/376 ◇ nîr+naeth "tear-gnashing"
nîth [nˈiːθ] n. youth ◇ Ety/377
no I → nu
no* II [nˈɔ] v. imp. of na-, be! ◇ VT/44:21,24
nod-* [nˈɔd] (nud-) v. to tie, bind ◇ Ety/378, X/Z
nœdia- → nedia-
noe* pl. of naw
noer → naer
nogoth* [nˈɔgɔθ] pl. negyth* [nˈɛgyθ] (nœgyth*) n. dwarf, etym. "the stunted folk" ◇ S/435, WJ/338, WJ/388, WJ/408, WJ/413 ◈ nogothrim* n. class pl.
nogotheg* [nˈɔgɔθɛg] n. dimin. of nogoth, "dwarflet", a name of the petty-dwarves ◇ WJ/388
nogothrim* [nɔgˈɔθrim] n. class pl. of nogoth, dwarf-folk ◇ RGEO/75, UT/318, WJ/388 ◇ nogoth+rim
nœgyth* pl. of nogoth → negyth
nor-* [nˈɔr] v. 1. to run ○ 2. by ext. to ride ◈ noro* v. imp.
nordh [nˈɔrð] n. cord ◇ Ety/387
norn [nˈɔrn] pl. nyrn* [nˈyrn] adj. 1. twisted, knotted, crabbed, contorted ○ 2. hard ◇ Ety/387
noro* [nˈɔrɔ] v. imp. of nor-, ride! ← noro lim LotR/I:XII, RS/196 ◈ Untranslated in LotR, but written nora-lim and rendered as "ride on" in RS/196 (though it might not be a literal translation). A verb nor- is attested in the old Gnomish lexicon, PE/11:61, with the meaning "to run, roll"
nórui* [nˈɔːruj] n. and adj. 1. sunny, fiery ○ 2. Cal. as a noun, the month of june ◇ LotR/D
nos → noss
noss* [nˈɔss] (nos) n. kindred, family, clan ◇ Ety/378, PM/320
nost* [nˈɔst] n. kindred, family, house ◇ PM/360 ◈ See also noss
nothrim* [nˈɔθrim] n. class pl. kindred, family, house ← Nothrim [> Nost] Finarfin PM/360 ◈ The word was rejected in favor of nost, but it may be interpreted as a valid class plural "those of the house" ◇ noss/nost + rim
nu* [nu] (no) prep. under ◇ Ety/378, etc. ◈ With suffixed article, see also nuin
nud- → nod-
nui pl. of naw → noe
nuin* [nujn] prep. under the ◇ Ety/378, etc. ◇ nu+i
nuitha-* [nˈujθɑ] v. to stunt, to prevent from coming to completion, stop short, not allow to continue ◇ WJ/413
nûr I [nˈuːr] adj. deep ◇ Ety/378
nûr II [nˈuːr] n. race ◇ Ety/378
nûr* III [nˈuːr] adj. sad ← Núrnen UT/458 ◈ This word is interpolated from Christopher Tolkien's index to UT. But for a complete discussion, see ETdM/IV:160 §147. The meaning of Núrnen remains highly hypothetical
nyrn* pl. of norn
nŷw* [nˈyːw] (hniof) n. noose ◇ Ety/387, X/IU
o* I [ɔ] (od*) prep. from, of; preposition (as a proclitic) used in either direction, from or to the point of view of the speaker ◇ Ety/360, WJ/366, WJ/369-70, LotR/II:IV, SD/129-31, RGEO/72 ◈ According to WJ/366, the preposition "is normally o in all positions, though od appears occasionally before vowels, especially before o-". With a suffixed article, see also uin
o II [ɔ] prep. about, concerning ◇ Ety/378 ◈ The Etymologies state that h- is prefixed to the word following this preposition, when it begins in a vowel: o Hedhil "concerning the Elves (Edhil)". Some scholars consider that this rule is not valid in Sindarin, but that the preposition would perhaps become oh in such a case (hence oh Edhil, to be compared with ah in Athrabeth Finrod ah Andreth
od* → o I
ódhel* [ˈɔːðɛl̡] pl. ódhil* [ˈɔːðil̡] n. deep elf or gnome, one of the wise folk ◇ WJ/364, WJ/366, WJ/378-379 ◈ ódhellim* n. class pl.
ódhellim* [ɔːðˈɛl̡lim] n. class pl. of ódhel, deep Elves or gnomes, the wise folk ◇ WJ/364 ◇ ódhel+rim
ódhil* pl. of ódhel
odhril [ˈɔðril̡] n. f. parent ◇ Ety/379
odhron [ˈɔðrɔn] n. m. parent ◇ Ety/379
odog* [ˈɔdɔg] adj. num. seven ◇ Ety/379, VT/42:25
odothui* [ˈɔdɔθuj] adj. num. seventh ◇ TI/312, WR/436, VT:42:25 ◈ See also othui
oear → gaear
oegas → aegas
oeges pl. of aegas → aegais
oeglir → aeglir
oel → ael
oelin pl. of ael → aelin
oer → gaer III
oeruil → gaeruil
ofr → ovor
ôl [ˈɔːl] pl. elei n. dream ◇ Ety/370, Ety/379
old → oll
oll [ˈɔld] (old) n. torrent, mountain-stream ◇ Ety/396
oltha- [ˈɔlθɑ] v. to dream ◇ Ety/370, Ety/379
ónen* [ˈɔːnɛn] irreg. pa. t. 1st of anna-, I gave ◇ LotR/A(v) ◈ Written onen in some editions of LotR. In the Qenyaqetsa, Qenya anta- is marked as having an irregular past tense áne. Assuming the same sound-shifts as observed in other words, this would indeed lead to onen in Sindarin, see PE/12:31 and TT/14:48-49
oneth* [ˈɔnɛθ] n. f. giver ← besoneth PM/404-05
onna-* [ˈɔnnɑ] v. to beget ← Abonnen, Eboennin WJ/387 ◈ onnen* pp.
onnen* [ˈɔnnɛn] pl. ennin* [ˈɛnnin] pp. of onna-, born ← Abonnen, Eboennin WJ/387
onod* [ˈɔnɔd] pl. enyd* [ˈɛnyd] n. ent ◇ LotR/F, Letters/224 ◈ onodrim* n. class pl.
onodrim* [ɔnˈɔdrim] n. class pl. of onod, ents, as a race ◇ Letters/224, TC/165 ◇ onod+rim
or- [ɔr] pref. above, over ◇ Ety/379
or [ɔr] prep. above, over ◇ Ety/379
oraearon* [ɔrˈɑɛ.ɑrɔn] n. Cal. seventh day of the Númenórean week, Sea-day ◇ LotR/D ◇ aur+aearon
oranor* [ˈɔrɑnɔr] n. Cal. second day of the week, day of the Sun ◇ LotR/D ◇ aur+anor
orbelain* [ˈɔrbɛlɑjn] n. Cal. sixth day of the week, day of the Powers or Valar ◇ LotR/D ◇ aur+belain
orch* [ˈɔrx] pl. yrch* [ˈyrx] (eirch, erch) n. goblin, Orc ◇ Ety/379, LR/406, WJ/390, LotR/II:VI, LotR/F, Letters/178 ◈ orchoth* n. class pl.
orchal* [ˈɔrxl̩] (orchall, orchel) adj. 1. superior, lofty, eminent ○ 2. tall ◇ Ety/363, Ety/379, WJ/305 ◈ In his article Probable errors in the Etymologies, Helge Fauskanger lists orchel as a misreading, following Christopher Tolkien's note admitting that the e is uncertain. However, though orchal is attested in WJ/305, it does not necessarily mean that the form orchel is incorrect. It might be constructed by analogy with words such as hathol "axe" (from WJ/234 and the name of a Númenórean, Hatholdir, UT:444), which is also found as hathal (in Hathaldir, name of a companion of Barahir, LR/433, untranslated but conceivably cognate) and hathel (LR/389). Without entering into the details, such words end with a syllabic consonant (as in English "people"), and several vocalizations are apparently possible in Sindarin. The epenthetical vowel is generally o, but it seems that a or e are also allowed. Regarding orchal, its origin is of course different, as it is a compound word where the second element clearly derives from KHAL, but it may be have been assimilated, later, to this class of words by analogy. We may therefore consider that orchel is a perfectly valid dialectal variant ◇ or+hall, OS *orkʰalla
orchall → orchal
orchel → orchal
orchoth* [ˈɔrxɔθ] n. class pl. of orch, orcs, as a race ◇ WJ/390 ◇ orch+hoth
orgaladh* [ˈɔrgɑlɑð] n. Cal. fourth day of the Númenórean week, day of the White Tree ◇ LotR/D ◈ This day was formerly called orgaladhad in the Elvish calendar ◇ aur+galadh
orgaladhad* [ɔrgˈɑlɑðɑd] n. Cal. fourth day of the Elvish week, day of the Two Trees ◇ LotR/D ◈ This day was renamed orgaladh in the Númenórean calendar ◇ aur+galadh, with quenya influenced dual ending
orgilion* [ɔrgˈili.ɔn] n. Cal. first day of the week, day of the Stars ◇ LotR/D ◇ aur+gil, with archaic genitive
orithil* [ˈɔriθil̡] n. Cal. third day of the week, day of the Moon ◇ LotR/D ◇ aur+ithil
ormenel* [ˈɔrmɛnɛl̡] n. Cal. fifth day of the week, Heavens' day ◇ LotR/D ◇ aur+menel
orn* [ˈɔrn] pl. yrn [ˈyrn] n. Bot. (any large) tree ◇ Ety/379, S/435, Letters/426
orod* [ˈɔrɔd] pl. ered* [ˈɛrɛd] (eryd*, ereid) n. mountain ◇ Ety/379, S/435, Letters/263, TC/178
orodben* [ɔrˈɔdbɛn] pl. œrydbin* [ɛrˈydbin] n. mountaineer, one living in the mountains ◇ WJ/376 ◇ orod+pen
orodrim [ɔrˈɔdrim] n. range of mountains ◇ Ety/379 ◇ orod+rim
ortha- [ˈɔrθɑ] pa. t. orthant [ˈɔrθɑnt] v. to raise ◇ Ety/379 ◈ orthad* ger. ◈ ortho v. inf.
orthad* [ˈɔrθɑd] ger. of ortha-, rising ◇ MR/373
orthant pa. t. of ortha-
ortheli [ˈɔrθɛli] v. inf. to roof, screen above ◇ Ety/391
orthelian [ɔrθˈɛli.ɑn] n. canopy ◇ Ety/391
ortheri [ˈɔrθɛri] v. inf. of orthor-, to master, conquer ◇ Ety/395
ortho [ˈɔrθɔ] v. inf. of ortha-, to raise ◇ Ety/379
orthor- [ˈɔrθɔr] v. to master, conquer ◈ ortheri v. inf. ◈ orthor v. 3rd
orthor [ˈɔrθɔr] v. 3rd of orthor-, (he) masters, conquers ◇ Ety/395
œrydbin* pl. of orodben
os- [ɔs] pref. about, around ◇ Ety/379
osgar- [ˈɔsgɑr] v. to cut round, to amputate ◈ esgeri v. inf. ◈ osgar v. 3rd
osgar [ˈɔsgɑr] v. 3rd of osgar-, (he) cuts, amputates ◇ Ety/379
osp [ˈɔsp] n. reek, smoke ◇ Ety/396
ost* [ˈɔst] n. 1. city, town with wall round ○ 2. fortress or stronghold, made or strenghtened by art ◇ Ety/379, S/435, WJ/414
ostrad → othrad
othlon → othlonn
othlond → othlonn
othlonn* [ˈɔθlɔnn] (othlond, othlon) n. paved way ◇ Ety/370, X/ND4 ◇ ost+lond
othrad [ˈɔθrɑd] (ostrad) n. street ◇ Ety/383, X/Z ◇ ost+râd
othrond* → othronn
othronn* [ˈɔθrɔnn] (othrond*) n. fortress or city in underground caves, underground stronghold ◇ Ety/379, Ety/384, WJ/414, X/ND4 ◇ ost+rond
othui* [ˈɔθuj] adj. num. seventh ◇ VT/42:10,25
ovor [ˈɔvr̩] (ovr, ofr) adj. abundant ◇ Ety/396
ovr → ovor
ovra- [ˈɔvrɑ] v. to abound ◈ ovro v. inf.
ovras [ˈɔvrɑs] n. crowd, heap. ◇ Ety/396
ovro [ˈɔvrɔ] v. inf. of ovra-, to abound ◇ Ety/396
pâd* [pˈɑːd] n. way ← Aphadon (*ap-pata), Tharbad (*thara-pata) WJ/387, S/438
pada-* [pˈɑdɑ] v. to walk ← Aphadon (*ap-pata), Tharbad (*thara-pata) WJ/387, S/438
pae* [pˈɑɛ] adj. num. ten ◇ VT/42:25 ◈ See also caer
paenui* [pˈɑɛnuj] adj. num. tenth ◇ VT/42:25
paich* [pˈɑjx] (peich) n. juice, syrup ◇ Ety/382, X/EI
pain* I pl. of pân I
pain* II pl. of pân II
palan-* [pˈɑlɑn] adv. afar, abroad, far and wide ◇ LotR/II:I, LotR/IV:X, RGEO/72-74 ◇ Q palan
palath [pˈɑlɑθ] n. surface ◇ Ety/380
pân I [pˈɑːn] pl. pain* [pˈɑjn] (pein) n. plank, fixed board, especially in floor ◇ Ety/380, X/EI
pân* II [pˈɑːn] pl. pain* [pˈɑjn] adj. all, in totality ← mhellyn în phain SD/129-31 ◈ As no other word beginning in ph- is attested, it is assumed that a nasal mutation is triggered by the pronoun în I, hence the form observed in the "King's Letter"
panas [pˈɑnɑs] n. floor ◇ Ety/380
pand* [pˈɑnd] (pann) n. courtyard ◇ Ety/380, X/ND1
pann I → pand
pann II [pˈɑnn] adj. wide ◇ Ety/380
panna- I [pˈɑnnɑ] v. to open, to enlarge ◈ panno v. inf.
panna- II [pˈɑnnɑ] (pannod) v. to fill ◇ Ety/366, X/Z
panno [pˈɑnnɔ] v. inf. of panna- I, to open, to enlarge ◇ Ety/380
pannod → panna- II
pant* [pˈɑnt] adj. full ◇ Ety/366, SD/129-31
parch [pˈɑrx] adj. dry ◇ Ety/380
parf [pˈɑrv] pl. perf [pˈɛrv] n. book ◇ Ety/380
parth* [pˈɑrθ] n. field, enclosed grassland ◇ UT/260, PM/330
path [pˈɑθ] adj. smooth ◇ Ety/380
pathra- [pˈɑθrɑ] v. to fill ◈ pathro v. inf.
pathred [pˈɑθrɛd] n. fullness ◇ Ety/366
pathro [pˈɑθrɔ] v. inf. of pathra-, to fill ◇ Ety/366
pathu* [pˈɑθu] (pathw) n. level space, sward ◇ Ety/380, X/W
pathw → pathu
paur* [pˈɑur] n. fist (often used to mean "hand"; its chief use was in reference of the tighly closed hand, as in using an implement or a craft-tool, rather than to the fist used in punching) ◇ Ety/366, S/429, PM/179, PM/318
paw [pˈɑw] n. sickness ◇ Ety/366
ped-* [pˈɛd] pa. t. pent* [pˈɛnt] v. to speak, to say ← pedo, arphent LotR/II:IV, TL/21:09 ◈ pêd* v. 3rd ◈ pedo* v. imp.
pêd* [pˈɛːd] v. 3rd of ped-, (he) says ← guren bêd enni VT/41:11
pedo* [pˈɛdɔ] v. imp. of ped-, speak! say! ◇ LotR/II:IV, Letters/424
peg [pˈɛg] n. small spot, dot ◇ Ety/382
peich → paich
pein pl. of pân I → pain I
pel [pˈɛl̡] pl. peli [pˈɛli] n. fenced field (Old English tún) ◇ Ety/380
peleth* [pˈɛlɛθ] n. fading, withering ← Narbeleth LotR/D
peli pl. of pel
pelia- [pˈɛli.ɑ] v. to spread ◈ pelio v. inf.
pelin [pˈɛlin] n. fading, withering ← Lhasbelin Ety/366
pelio [pˈɛli.ɔ] v. inf. of pelia-, to spread ◇ Ety/380
pelthaes [pˈɛl̡θɑɛs] n. pivot ◇ Ety/380, Ety/390
pen* I [pɛn] prep. without, lacking, -less ← Iarwain ben-adar LotR/II:II
pen* II [pɛn] pron. one, somebody, anybody ◇ WJ/376 ◈ Usually enclitic; mutated as ben
pend [pˈɛnd] (penn) n. declivity ◇ Ety/380, X/ND1
pendrad → pendrath
pendrath [pˈɛndrɑθ] (pendrad) n. passage up or down slope, stairway ◇ Ety/380, X/ND3 ◇ pend+rath, pend+râd
peng [pˈɛŋ] n. bow (for shooting) ◇ Ety/366
penia- [pˈɛni.ɑ] v. to fix, to set ◈ penio v. inf.
penio [pˈɛni.ɔ] v. inf. of penia-, to fix, to set ◇ Ety/380
penn → pend
penna-* [pˈɛnnɑ] v. to slant down ◇ LotR/II:I, RGEO/72
pennas [pˈɛnnɑs] n. history, historical account ◇ Ety/366, WJ/192, WJ/206
penninar → penninor
penninor [pˈɛnninɔr] (penninar) n. Cal. last day of the year ◇ Ety/400, X/Z ◇ pant+în+aur
pent* I pa. t. of ped-
pent II [pˈɛnt] n. tale ◇ Ety/366
per- [pɛr] pref. half, divided in middle
peredhel* [pˈɛrɛðɛl̡] pl. peredhil* [pˈɛrɛðil̡] n. half-elf ◇ S/430, LotR/A(i) ◇ per-+edhel
peredhil* pl. of peredhel
perf pl. of parf
periain* pl. of perian
perian* [pˈɛri.ɑn] pl. periain* [pˈɛri.ɑjn] n. hobbit, halfling ◇ LotR/VI:IV, LotR/E, RGEO/75, Letters/308, X/ND4 ◇ per+-ian ◈ periannath* n. coll.
periannath* [pˌɛri.ˈɑnnɑθ] n. coll. of perian, the hobbits, halflings ◇ LotR/VI:IV, LotR/E-F, RGEO/75, Letters/308
perin [pˈɛrin] adj. half, divided in middle ◇ Ety/380
pesseg [pˈɛssɛg] n. pillow ◇ Ety/366
peth* [pˈɛθ] n. word ◇ Ety/366, LotR/II:IV, RS/463
pethron [pˈɛθrɔn] n. narrator ◇ Ety/366
phain* pl. nasal mut. of pân II
pheriain* pl. nasal mut. of perian
pheriannath* coll. nasal mut. of perian
pichen → pihen
pigen [pˈigɛn] adj. tiny ◇ Ety/382
pihen [pˈihɛn] (pichen) adj. juicy ◇ Ety/382, X/Z
pinnath* [pˈinnɑθ] n. coll. ridges ◇ LotR/Index
pôd [pˈɔːd] pl. pŷd [pˈyːd] n. animal's foot ◇ Ety/382
post [pˈɔst] n. pause, halt, rest, cessation, respite ◇ Ety/382
presta- [prˈɛstɑ] v. to affect, trouble, disturb ◈ prestannen pp. ◈ presto v. inf.
prestannen [prɛstˈɑnnɛn] pp. of presta-, 1. affected ○ 2. Ling. mutated (of a mutated vowel) ◇ Ety/380
prestanneth [prɛstˈɑnnɛθ] n. Ling. affection of vowels, mutation ◇ Ety/380
presto [prˈɛstɔ] v. inf. of presta-, to affect, trouble, disturb ◇ Ety/380
puia- [pˈuj.ɑ] v. to spit ◈ puio v. inf.
puig [pˈujg] adj. clean, tidy, neat ◇ Ety/382
puio [pˈuj.ɔ] v. inf. of puia-, to spit ◇ Ety/382
pŷd pl. of pôd
rach* [rˈɑx] pl. raich* [rˈɑjx] n. wain ← Gondraich UT/465
râd [rˈɑːd] n. path, track ◇ Ety/383
rada- [rˈɑdɑ] v. to make a way, find a way ◈ rado v. inf.
rado [rˈɑdɔ] v. inf. of rada-, to make a way, find a way ◇ Ety/383
raeda-* [rˈɑɛdɑ] v. to catch in a net ◇ VT/42:12
raef* [rˈɑɛv] n. net ◇ VT/42:12
raeg* [rˈɑɛg] (rhoeg) adj. crooked, bent, wrong ◇ Ety/383, X/OE, X/RH
raen* I [rˈɑɛn] (rhaen) adj. crooked ◇ Ety/382, X/RH
raen* II [rˈɑɛn] adj. nettled, enlaced ◇ VT/42:11
raew* [rˈɑɛw] (rhaew) n. fathom ◇ Ety/382, X/RH
rafn* [rˈɑvn] (rhafn) n. wing (horn), extended point at side, etc. ◇ Ety/382, X/RH
raich* pl. of rach
rain* I [rˈɑjn] (rhain, rhein) n. border ◇ Ety/383, X/RH
rain* II [rˈɑjn] (rein II) n. erratic wandering ◇ VT/42:13
rainc* pl. of ranc
rais* pl. of ras
ram* [rˈɑm] (rham, rhamb) n. wall ◇ Ety/382, S/436, X/RH
rammas* [rˈɑmmɑs] n. (great) wall ◇ LotR/V:I, LotR/Index
ranc* [rˈɑŋk] (rhanc) pl. rainc* [rˈɑjŋk] (rhenc) n. arm ◇ Ety/382, X/RH
randír* [rˈɑndiːr] (rhandir) n. m. wanderer, pilgrim ◇ Ety/383, VT/42:13, X/RH
rant* [rˈɑnt] n. 1. lode, vein ○ 2. course, riverbed ◇ Ety/383, S/436
raph* [rˈɑf] n. rope ← Udalraph UT/424
ras* [rˈɑs] (rhass (corr. rhaes)) pl. rais* [rˈɑjs] n. horn (especially on living animal, but also applied to mountains) ◇ Ety/383, LotR/E, S/436, X/RH
rasg* [rˈɑsg] (rhasg) n. horn (especially on living animal, but also applied to mountains) ◇ Ety/383, X/RH
rath* [rˈɑθ] n. 1. course, riverbed ○ 2. street ◇ Ety/383, LotR/Index
raud* [rˈɑud] (rhaud) n. metal ◇ Ety/383, X/RH ◇ Generalized from OS *rauta "copper"
raudh* [rˈɑuð] (rhaudh) adj. hollow, cavernous ◇ Ety/384, X/RH
raug* [rˈɑug] (graug*, rhaug) n. a powerful, hostile and terrible creature, a demon ◇ Ety/384, S/436, WJ/415, X/RH
raun* [rˈɑun] (rhaun) adj. errant ◇ Ety/383, X/RH
raw* I [rˈɑw] (rhaw) n. bank (especially of a river) ◇ Ety/382, X/RH
raw* II [rˈɑw] (rhaw) pl. roe* [rˈɔɛ] (rhui) n. lion ◇ Ety/383, X/RH
redhi* [rˈɛði] (rhedhi) v. inf. to sow ◇ Ety/383, X/RH
rein* I [rˈɛjn] (rhein, rhœin) n. slot, spoor, track, footprint ◇ Ety/384, X/RH
rein → rain II
rem* I [rˈɛm] n. mesh, net (esp. for catching, hunter's or fisher's net) ◇ LotR/E, VT/42:29
rem* II [rˈɛm] (rhem, rhemb) adj. frequent, numerous ◇ Ety/383, X/RH
remmen* [rˈɛmmɛn] pl. remmin* [rˈɛmmin] pp. woven, netted, tangled ← galadhremmin LotR/E, LotR/II:I, RGEO/72
remmin* pl. of remmen
rend* [rˈɛnd] (rhinn (corr. rhenn)) adj. circular ◇ Ety/383, X/RH, X/ND1
renia-* [rˈɛni.ɑ] v. to stray ◈ renio* v. inf.
renio* [rˈɛni.ɔ] (rhenio) v. inf. of renia-, to stray ◇ Ety/383, X/RH
rest* [rˈɛst] (rhest) n. cut ◇ Ety/384, X/RH
revia-* [rˈɛvi.ɑ] v. 1. to fly, sail ○ 2. to wander ◈ revio* v. inf.
revio* [rˈɛvi.ɔ] (rhevio (corr. rhenio)) v. inf. of revia-, 1. to fly, sail ○ 2. to wander ◇ Ety/382, X/RH
rhach* [ɹ̥ˈɑx] n. curse ← e-'Rach MR/373
rhaen → raen
rhaew → raew
rhafn → rafn
rhain → rain I
rham → ram
rhamb → ram
rhanc → ranc
rhandir → randír
rhasg → rasg
rhass (corr. rhaes) I → ras
rhass II [ɹ̥ˈɑss] n. precipice ◇ Ety/363
rhaud → raud
rhaudh → raudh
rhaug → raug
rhaun → raun
rhavan* [ɹ̥ˈɑvɑn] pl. rhevain* [ɹ̥ˈɛvɑjn] n. wild man ◇ WJ/219
rhaw I → raw I
rhaw II [ɹ̥ˈɑw] n. wilderness ◇ Ety/382, X/RH
rhaw* III [ɹ̥ˈɑw] n. flesh, body ◇ MR/350
rhaw IV → raw II
rhedhi → redhi
rhein I → rain I
rhein II → rein I
rhem → rem II
rhemb → rem II
rhenc pl. of ranc → rainc
rhenio → renio
rhess → riss
rhest → rest
rhevain* pl. of rhavan
rhevio (corr. rhenio) → revio
rhî → rî
rhib- I → rib-
rhib-* II [ɹ̥ib-] v. to scratch ◈ rhibi* v. inf.
rhibi* [ɹ̥ˈibi] (thribi) v. inf. of rhib- II, to scratch ◇ Ety/387, X/RH
rhien → rîn I
rhîf → rîw
rhim I → rim I
rhim II → rim II
rhimb I → rim I
rhimb II → rim II
rhîn → rîn I
rhinc → rinc
rhind → rind
rhing → ring
rhingorn → ringorn
rhinn I → rind
rhinn (corr. rhenn) II → rend
rhis → riss
rhîs → rîs
rhisto → risto
rhitho → ritho
rhîw* [ɹ̥ˈiːw] n. Cal. winter season ◇ LotR/D
rhoeg → raeg
rhofal → roval
rhofel pl. of roval → rovail
rhœin → rein I
rhom → rom
rhomru → romru
rhond → rond
rhonn → rond
rhosc → rhosg
rhosg* [ɹ̥ˈɔsg] (rhosc) adj. brown ◇ Ety/385, X/Z
rhoss I → ross I
rhoss* II [ɹ̥ˈɔss] (thross) n. whisper or rustling sound ◇ Ety/386, X/RH
rhovan* [ɹ̥ˈɔvɑn] adj. wild ← Rhovanion LotR/Map
rhû → rû
rhufen → rhuven
rhui I pl. of raw II → roe
rhui II → rui
rhuiw → rui
rhûn* [ɹ̥ˈuːn] n. east ◇ Ety/384, S/436, LotR/E
rhúnen* [ɹ̥ˈuːnɛn] adj. eastern ← Talath Rhúnen S/420
rhuven* [ɹ̥ˈuvɛn] (rhufen) n. Arch., Poet. east ◇ Ety/384, X/RH
rhŷn → rŷn
rî* [rˈiː] (rhî) n. crown, wreath, garland ◇ Ety/383, PM/347, X/RH
rib-* [rˈib] (rhib-) v. to flow like a (torrent ?) ◇ Ety/384, X/RH ◈ The reading of the gloss is uncertain
rîf* [rˈiːv] n. bark ← Fladrif LotR/E, TC/169, TC/173
rim* I [rˈim] (rhim, rhimb) n. crowd, host, great number ◇ Ety/383, S/436, Letters/178, Letters/382, X/RH
rim* II [rˈim] (rhim, rhimb) n. cold pool or lake (in mountains) ◇ Ety/384, X/RH
rîn* I [rˈiːn] (rhîn, rhien) n. and adj. 1. crowned ○ 2. by ext. as a noun, crowned lady, queen ◇ Ety/393, Ety/389, X/RH
rîn* II [rˈiːn] n. remembrance ◇ PM/372
rinc* [rˈiŋk] (rhinc) n. twitch, jerk, trick, sudden move ◇ Ety/383, X/RH
rind* [rˈind] (rhind, rhinn) n. circle ◇ Ety/383, X/RH, X/ND1
ring* [rˈiŋ] (rhing) adj. cold ◇ Ety/383, S/436, VT/42:13, X/RH
ringorn* [rˈiŋgɔrn] (rhingorn) n. circle ◇ Ety/365, X/RH ◇ rind+corn
rîs* [rˈiːs] (rhîs) n. queen ◇ Ety/383, X/RH
riss* [rˈiss] (rhis, rhess) n. ravine ◇ Ety/384, X/RH
rista-* [rˈistɑ] v. 1. to cut ○ 2. to rend, rip ◈ risto* v. inf.
risto* [rˈistɔ] (rhisto) v. inf. of rista-, 1. to cut ○ 2. to rend, rip ◇ Ety/384, X/RH
ritha-* [rˈiθɑ] v. to jerk, twitch, snarch ◈ ritho* v. inf.
ritho* [rˈiθɔ] (rhitho) v. inf. of ritha-, to jerk, twitch, snarch ◇ Ety/383, X/RH
rîw* [rˈiːw] (rhîf) n. edge, hem, border ◇ Ety/383, X/RH
roch* [rˈɔx] n. Zool. horse, swift horse for riding ◇ Ety/384, S/436, Letters/178, Letters/282, Letters/382
rochben* [rˈɔxbɛn] pl. rochbin* [rˈɔxbin] (rœchbin*) n. (horse) rider ◇ WJ/376 ◇ roch+pen
rochbin* pl. of rochben
rœchbin* pl. of rochben → rochbin
rochir* [rˈɔxir] n. horse-lord ◇ Letters/178, Letters/282 ◇ roch+hîr ◈ rochirrim* n. class pl.
rochirrim* [rɔxˈirrim] n. class pl. of rochir, horse-lords, the people of Rohan ◇ LotR, etc. ◇ rochir+rim
rochon* [rˈɔxɔn] n. (horse) rider ◇ UT/463
rodon* [rˈɔdɔn] pl. rodyn* [rˈɔdyn] n. Theo. Vala, divinity ◇ LotR/D ◇ OS *(a)råto(ndo) "noble one", CE *arâtô
rodwen* [rˈɔdwɛn] n. high virgin noble ◇ WJ/317
rodyn* pl. of rodon
roe* pl. of raw II
rom* [rˈɔm] (rhom) n. horn, trumpet ◇ Ety/384, WJ/400, X/RH
romru* [rˈɔmru] (rhomru) n. sound of horns ◇ Ety/384, X/RH ◇ rom+rû
rond* [rˈɔnd] (rhond, rhonn) n. 1. cave ○ 2. vaulted or arched roof, as seen from below (and usually not visible from outside), or a (large) hall of chamber so roofed ◇ Ety/384, S/437, WJ/414, X/RH, X/ND1
ross* I [rˈɔss] (rhoss) n. rain ◇ Ety/384, X/RH
ross* II [rˈɔss] adj. red-haired, copper coloured, especially used of animals, as fox, red deer, etc. ◇ VT/41:10
rosta- [rˈɔstɑ] v. to hollow out, excavate ◈ rosto v. inf.
rosto [rˈɔstɔ] v. inf. of rosta-, to hollow out, excavate ◇ Ety/384
rovail* pl. of roval
roval* [rˈɔvɑl] (rhofal) pl. rovail* [rˈɔvɑjl] (rhofel) n. pinion, great wing (of eagle) ← Landroval LotR/VI:IV, Ety/382, X/RH
rû* [rˈuː] (rhû) n. Arch., Poet. loud-sound, trumpet-sound ◇ Ety/384, X/RH
rûdh* [rˈuːð] adj. bald ◇ S/379, WJ/187
rui* [rˈuj] (rhui, rhuiw) n. hunt, hunting ◇ Ety/384, X/RH
ruin* [rˈujn] adj. (fiery) red ◇ PM/366
rusc* [rˈusk] n. Zool. fox ◇ VT/41:10
rust* [rˈust] n. copper ◇ VT/41:10
rustui* [rˈustuj] adj. of copper ◇ VT/41:10
rûth* [rˈuːθ] n. anger ◇ S/436
rŷn* [rˈyːn] (rhŷn) n. Zool. "chaser", hound of chase ◇ Ety/384, X/RH
sabar* [sˈɑbɑr] n. delved mine ← Nornhabar, Anghabar WJ/209, WJ/419, S/380 ◈ The unmutated form is reconstructed from the place name Nornhabar, assuming that the second word is mutated in composition. Though habar as the regular form might be possible as well, in the Qenyaqetsa we find the root SAPA 'dig, excavate' (PE/12:82), so it seems most likely that Tolkien reused this old base, and that the underlying form in those names would indeed be sabar
sad* [sˈɑd] n. limited area naturally or artificially defined, a place, spot ◇ UT/425, VT/42:20
sâdh* [sˈɑːð] n. sward, turf ◇ VT/42:20
sador* [sˈɑdr̩] n. faithful one ← Sador (name) ◈ Sador was Túrin's faithful servant. The meaning of this noun is deduced from sadron, assuming that these words are in the same kind of relation as hador and hadron
sadron* [sˈɑdrɔn] pl. sedryn* [sˈɛdryn] n. faithful one ◇ UT/431 ◈ See also sador
sael* [sˈɑɛl] adj. wise ← Saelon WJ/233, MR/305, SD/129-31
saer [sˈɑɛr] adj. bitter ◇ Ety/385
saew [sˈɑɛw] n. poison ◇ Ety/385
said* [sˈɑjd] adj. private, separate, not common, excluded ◇ VT/42:20
sain* [sˈɑjn] (sein) pl. sîn [sˈiːn] adj. new ◇ Ety/385, X/EI
salab [sˈɑlɑb] pl. selaib* [sˈɛlɑjb] (seleb) n. Bot. herb ◇ Ety/385, X/EI
salf → salph
salph* [sˈɑlf] (salf) n. broth, liquid food, soup ◇ Ety/385, X/PH
sam* [sˈɑm] n. chamber ← Sammath LotR/VI:III, S/435 ◇ Q sambe ◈ sammath* n. coll.
sammath* [sˈɑmmɑθ] n. coll. of sam, chambers ◇ LotR/VI:III, S/435
sant* [sˈɑnt] n. garden, field, yard, or other place in private ownership whether enclosed or not ◇ VT/42:20
sarch* [sˈɑrx] n. grave ◇ UT/463
sarn* [sˈɑrn] n. 1. stone as a material ○ 2. small stone ◇ Ety/385, S/437, UT/463, VT/42:11 ◈ Sern in UT/463 is a misprint, see VT/42:11
sarnas [sˈɑrnɑs] n. cairn, pile of stones ◇ LR/406
sautha- [sˈɑuθɑ] v. to drain ◇ Ety/388
saw [sˈɑw] pl. soe* [sˈɔɛ] (sui) n. juice ◇ Ety/385, X/Z
sedryn* pl. of sadron
seidia-* [sˈɛjdi.ɑ] v. to set aside, appropriate to a special purpose or owner ◇ VT/42:20
sein → sain
selaib* pl. of salab
seleb pl. of salab → selaib
sell [sˈɛl̡l] n. f. 1. daughter ○ 2. girl, maid (child) ◇ Ety/385 ◈ sellath* n. coll.
sellath* [sˈɛl̡lɑθ] n. coll. of sell, all the daughters ◇ SD/129-31
sen* [sɛn] pl. sin* [sin] adj. this ← i thiw hin LotR/II:IV ◈ This demonstrative adjective is probably enclitic. It has been suggested that this possibility could perhaps explain why the mutated form of tîw on the Doors of Durin is thiw instead of the expected thîw, see HL/69
sennui* [sˈɛnnuj] adj. rather, instead (used as an adverb?) ◇ SD/129-31
sereg* [sˈɛrɛg] n. blood ◇ S/437
seregon* [sˈɛrɛgɔn] n. Bot. "Blood of Stone", a plant of the kind called in English "stonecrop", with deep red flowers, that grew on Amon Rûdh ◇ S/437 ◇ sereg+gond
seron* [sˈɛrɔn] n. lover ◇ PM/348
si* [si] adv. now ◇ LotR/IV:X, LB/354
sí* [sˈiː] adv. here ◇ LotR/II:I, RGEO/72
sîdh [sˈiːð] n. peace ◇ Ety/385
sigil I [sˈigil̡] n. dagger, knife ◇ Ety/385 ◇ Q sicil
sigil II [sˈigil̡] n. necklace ← Sigil Elu-naeth WJ/258
síla- [sˈiːlɑ] v. to shine white ◈ síla v. 3rd
síla [sˈiːlɑ] v. 3rd of síla-, (he) shines white ◇ LB/354
silivren* [silˈivrɛn] adj. (white) glittering ◇ LotR/II:I, RGEO/72 ◇ silif+-ren
sin* pl. of sen
sîn pl. of sain
siniath [sˈini.ɑθ] n. coll. news, tidings ◇ Ety/385
sinnarn [sˈinnɑrn] n. novel tale ◇ Ety/385 ◇ sain+narn
sír* [sˈiːr] adv. today ◇ VT/44:21,27
sîr* [sˈiːr] n. river ◇ Ety/385, S/437
siria- [sˈiri.ɑ] v. to flow ◈ sirio v. inf.
sirio [sˈiri.ɔ] v. inf. of siria-, to flow ◇ Ety/385
sirion [sˈiri.ɔn] n. great river ← Sirion Ety/385
sirith* [sˈiriθ] n. flowing ◇ S/437, VT/42:11
soe* pl. of saw
sôg [sˈɔːg] v. 3rd of soga-, (he) drinks ◇ Ety/388
soga- [sˈɔgɑ] pa. t. asogant [ˈɑsɔgɑnt] (sunc) v. to drink ◇ Ety/388 ◈ sôg v. 3rd ◈ sogannen (corr. sogennen) pp. ◈ sogo v. inf.
sogannen (corr. sogennen) [sɔgˈɑnnɛn] pp. of soga-, drunk ◇ Ety/388
sogo [sˈɔgɔ] v. inf. of soga-, to drink ◇ Ety/388
solch [sˈɔlx] n. Bot. root (especially as edible) ◇ Ety/388
sollen* [sˈɔllɛn] pp. closed ← Fen Hollen LotR/V:IV ◈ The unmutated form is reconstructed from the place name Fen Hollen, assuming that the word, used in adjectival position, is mutated. However hollen as the regular form might be possible as well: it could be expected to be mutated likewise (into *chollen), but on the other hand the example of Nen Hithoel seems to show that words beginning with an h may resist to the lenition
sui I pl. of saw → soe
sui* II [sˈuj] prep. as, like ◇ VT/44:21,27
suil* [sˈujl] n. greeting ← Arassuil LotR/A(ii) ◈ Deduced from Arassuil, conceivably aran+suil. For the meaning, see suilad
suila-* [sˈujlɑ] v. to greet ← suilad SD/129-31 ◈ suilad* ger.
suilad* [sˈujlɑd] ger. of suila-, greeting ◇ SD/129-31
suilanna-* [sujlˈɑnnɑ] v. to greet, to give greetings ← suilannad SD/129-31 ◈ suilannad* ger.
suilannad* [sujlˈɑnnɑd] ger. of suilanna-, greeting, giving of greetings ◇ SD/129-31
suith* [sˈujθ] (sûth) n. draught ◇ Ety/388, X/Z
sûl* I [sˈuːl] n. wind ◇ S/437 ◇ Q súlë
sûl II [sˈuːl] n. goblet ◇ Ety/388
sunc pa. t. of soga- → asogant
sûth → suith
tachl → tachol
tachol [tˈɑxl̩] (tachl) n. pin, brooch ◇ Ety/389
tad-* → tâd
tad-dail* pl. of tad-dal
tad-dal* [tˈɑd.dɑl] pl. tad-dail* [tˈɑd.dɑjl] n. and adj. Zool. biped, two-legged animal ◇ WJ/388 ◇ tâd+tâl
tâd* [tˈɑːd] (tad*) adj. num. two ◇ Ety/349, Ety/391, WJ/388, VT/42:25-27
tadol [tˈɑdɔl] adj. double ◇ Ety/391
tadui* [tˈɑduj] adj. num. second ◇ VT/42:10
taeg* [tˈɑɛg] n. boundary, limit, boundary line ◇ WJ/309
taen I [tˈɑɛn] n. height, summit of high mountain ◇ Ety/389
taen II [tˈɑɛn] adj. long (and thin) ◇ Ety/391
taer [tˈɑɛr] adj. straight ◇ Ety/392 ◈ Written tær (with ae-ligature) in the Etymologies
taes [tˈɑɛs] n. nail ◇ Ety/390
taetha- [tˈɑɛθɑ] v. to fasten, tie ◈ taetho v. inf.
taetho [tˈɑɛθɔ] v. inf. of taetha-, to fasten, tie ◇ Ety/389
taew [tˈɑɛw] n. holder, socket, hasp, clasp, staple ◇ Ety/390
tafnen* [tˈɑvnɛn] adj. closed, blocked, stopped ← uidavnen WR/341 ◈ Normalized to tafnen, as for lefnui
tafr → tavor
tagol* [tˈɑgl̩] n. post, mark ← glandagol VT/42:8, VT/42:28
taid* [tˈɑjd] adj. second (in the sense of supporting, second in command) ◇ VT/42:25
tail* pl. of tâl
taith* [tˈɑjθ] (teith) n. mark ◇ Ety/391, X/EI
tâl [tˈɑːl] pl. tail* [tˈɑjl] (teil) n. foot ← tad-dail WJ/388, Ety/390, S/429, S/437, X/EI
talad [tˈɑlɑd] n. an incline, slope ◇ Ety/390
talaf [tˈɑlɑv] pl. telaif* [tˈɛlɑjv] (teleif) n. ground, floor ◇ Ety/390, X/EI
talagan* [tˈɑlɑgɑn] (talagand) n. harper ◇ Ety/377, X/ND4
talagand → talagan
talan* [tˈɑlɑn] pl. telain* [tˈɛlɑjn] n. wooden platform (in the trees of Lothlórien where the Galadhrim dwelt) ◇ UT/465, LotR/II:VI
talath* [tˈɑlɑθ] (dalath) n. 1. flat surface, plane ○ 2. flat land, plain, (wide) valley ← Talath Dirnen UT/465, Ety/353, S/437
talf* I [tˈɑlv] (dalf) n. palm of hand ◇ Ety/353
talf* II [tˈɑlv] n. flat field, flat land ← Nindalf TC/195, LotR/Map
talraph* [tˈɑlrɑf] n. stirrup ← Udalraph UT/424 ◇ tâl+raph "foot-rope"
talt [tˈɑlt] adj. slipping, falling, insecure ◇ Ety/390
talu* [tˈɑlu] (dalw) adj. flat ◇ Ety/353, X/W
tamma- [tˈɑmmɑ] v. to knock ◈ tammo (corr. tamno) v. inf.
tammo (corr. tamno) [tˈɑmmɔ] v. inf. of tamma-, to knock ◇ Ety/390
tanc [tˈɑŋk] adj. firm ◇ Ety/389
tang [tˈɑŋ] n. bowstring ◇ Ety/394
tangada- [tˈɑŋgɑdɑ] v. to make firm, confirm, establish ◈ tangado v. inf.
tangado [tˈɑŋgɑdɔ] v. inf. of tangada-, to make firm, confirm, establish ◇ Ety/389
tar- → tara
tara [tˈɑrɑ] (tar-) adj. tough, stiff ◇ Ety/390
tarag [tˈɑrɑg] n. 1. horn ○ 2. by ext. steep mountain path ◇ Ety/391
tarias [tˈɑri.ɑs] n. stiffness, toughness, difficulty ◇ Ety/390
tarlanc [tˈɑrlɑŋk] adj. stiff-necked, obstinate ◇ Ety/390 ◇ tara+lanc
tars → tass
tass [tˈɑss] (tars) n. labour, task ◇ Ety/391
tathar* [tˈɑθr̩] (tathor) n. Bot. willow-tree ◇ Ety/391, S/438
tathor → tathar
tathren* [tˈɑθrɛn] adj. of willow, having willows ◇ Ety/391, S/438
taur I [tˈɑur] n. king (only used of the legitimate kings of whole tribes) ◇ Ety/389, Ety/395 ◈ See also aran. In LotR/IV:IV, Frodo is called Daur, which might be the mutated form of this word
taur* II [tˈɑur] n. great wood, forest ◇ Ety/391, S/420, S/438
taur III [tˈɑur] adj. mighty, vast, overwhelming, huge, awful, high, sublime ◇ Ety/395
tauron* [tˈɑurɔn] n. forester ◇ S/421, PM/258
taus [tˈɑus] n. thatch ◇ Ety/395
tavor [tˈɑvr̩] (tavr, tafr) n. Orn. woodpecker (bird) ◇ Ety/390 ◇ "knocker"
tavr → tavor
taw [tˈɑw] adj. of wool, woollen ◇ Ety/394
tawar* [tˈɑwɑr] n. 1. wood (as a material) ○ 2. by ext. great wood, forest ← Tawar-in-Drúedain UT/467, Ety/391
tawaren [tˈɑwɑrɛn] pl. tewerin [tˈɛwɛrin] adj. wooden ◇ Ety/391
tawarwaith* [tɑwˈɑrwɑjθ] n. class pl. silvan elves ◇ UT/256 ◇ tawar+gwaith "forest-elves"
tê [tˈɛː] n. line, way ◇ Ety/391
tegi [tˈɛgi] v. inf. of tog-, to lead, bring ◇ Ety/395
tegil* [tˈɛgil̡] n. pen ◇ PM/318 ◈ Sindarized form of Quenya tekil, not known to the Sindar until the coming of the Ñoldor (but see however tegol for a possible dialectal variant) ◇ Q tekil
tegilbor* [tɛgˈil̡bɔr] n. one skilled in calligraphy ◇ PM/318 ◇ tegil+paur
tegl → tegol
tegol [tˈɛgl̩] (tegl) n. pen ◇ Ety/391 ◈ It is stated in PM/318 that "tegil was a Sindarized form of Quenya tekil "pen", not known to the Sindar until the coming of the Ñoldor". It must be assumed therefore that tegol was either rejected by Tolkien, or that it may perhaps have been considered as a dialectal variant. For a similar case where both a true Sindarin/Noldorin word and a Sindarized form conceivably coexist, see magol and megil "sword" (it is unlikely that weapons were not known to the Sindar)
teil pl. of tâl → tail
teilia- → telia-
teilien → telien
teilio → telio
teith → taith
teitha- [tˈɛjθɑ] pa. t. teithant [tˈɛjθɑnt] v. to write ◇ LotR/II:IV ◈ teitho v. inf.
teithant pa. t. of teitha-
teitho [tˈɛjθɔ] v. inf. of teitha-, to write ◇ Ety/391
telaif* pl. of talaf
telain* pl. of talan
telch [tˈɛl̡x] pl. tilch [tˈil̡x] n. stem ◇ Ety/391
tele [tˈɛlɛ] pl. telei [tˈɛlɛj] n. end, rear, hindmost part ◇ Ety/392
telei pl. of tele
teleif pl. of talaf → telaif
teler* [tˈɛlɛr] pl. telir* [tˈɛlir] n. an elf, one of the Teleri ◇ PM/385 ◈ telerrim* n. class pl.
telerrim* [tɛlˈɛrrim] n. class pl. of teler, the Teleri, a tribe of Elves ◇ PM/385 ◇ teler+rim
teli [tˈɛli] v. inf. of tol-, to come ◇ Ety/395
telia- [tˈɛli.ɑ] (teilia-) v. to play ◈ telio v. inf.
telien [tˈɛli.ɛn] (teilien) n. sport, play ◇ Ety/395
telio [tˈɛli.ɔ] (teilio) v. inf. of telia-, to play ◇ Ety/395
telir* pl. of teler
tellein → tellen
tellen [tˈɛl̡lɛn] (tellein, tellœin) n. sole of foot ◇ Ety/384, Ety/390 ◇ tâl+rein
tellœin → tellen
telu [tˈɛlu] n. dome, high roof ◇ Ety/391
ten* [dɛn] pron. (?)it (as object) ← caro den VT/44:21,25-6
terein pl. of tôr → teryn
teryn* pl. of tôr
têw* [tˈɛːw] pl. tîw* [tˈiːw] n. letter, written sign ◇ Ety/391, WJ/396, LotR/II:IV, LotR/E, Letters/427
tewerin pl. of tawaren
thafn [θˈɑvn] n. post, wooden pillar ◇ Ety/387
thala [θˈɑlɑ] adj. stalwart, steady, firm ◇ Ety/388
thalion* [θˈɑli.ɔn] pl. thelyn [θˈɛlyn] n. hero, dauntless man (especially as surname of Húrin Thalion) ◇ Ety/388, S/438
tham [θˈɑm] (thamb) n. hall ◇ Ety/387
thamas [θˈɑmɑs] (thambas) n. great hall ◇ Ety/387
thamb → tham
thambas → thamas
thanc* [θˈɑŋk] adj. cleft, split, forked ← Orthanc S/415, Ety/388
thand* [θˈɑnd] n. shield ← thangail UT/281-282
thang* [θˈɑŋ] n. compulsion, duress, need, oppression ◇ Ety/388, S/438
thangail* [θˈɑŋgɑjl] n. shield-fence, a battle formation of the Dúnedain ◇ UT/281-282 ◇ thand+cail
thar-* [θɑr] pref. across, athwart, over, beyond ◇ Ety/388, S/438
thâr [θˈɑːr] n. stiff grass ◇ Ety/388
tharas [θˈɑrɑs] n. hassock, footstool ◇ Ety/388
tharbad* [θˈɑrbɑd] n. cross-way ◇ S/438 ◇ thar-+pâd
tharn [θˈɑrn] adj. sapless, stiff, rigid, withered ◇ Ety/388
thaun → thôn
thaur* [θˈɑur] adj. abominable, abhorrent ◇ S/438
thavron [θˈɑvrɔn] n. carpenter, wright, builder ◇ Ety/388
thaw [θˈɑw] adj. corrupt, rotten ◇ Ety/393
thel-* [θˈɛl̡] v. to intend, mean, purpose, resolve, will ◇ WJ/318-319
thêl [θˈɛːl] pl. thelei n. f. sister ◇ Ety/392
thela [θˈɛlɑ] n. point (of spear) ◇ Ety/388
thelei pl. of thêl
thelion* [θˈɛli.ɔn] n. one who remains firm in his purpose ← Aegthelion WJ/318
thelyn pl. of thalion
then* [θˈɛn] adj. short ◇ VT/42:29 ◈ See also thent and estent
thenid [θˈɛnid] adj. firm, true, abiding ◇ Ety/388
thenin [θˈɛnin] adj. firm, true, abiding ◇ Ety/388
thent* [θˈɛnt] adj. short ◇ Ety/388, UT/146, WJ/311, WJ/315 ◈ See also then and estent
therein pl. of thoron → theryn
theryn* pl. of thoron
thia- [θˈi.ɑ] v. to appear, seem ◈ thia v. 3rd ◈ thio v. inf.
thia [θˈi.ɑ] v. 3rd of thia-, it appears ◇ Ety/392
thilia- [θˈili.ɑ] v. to glister ◈ thilio v. inf.
thilio [θˈili.ɔ] v. inf. of thilia-, to glister ◇ Ety/392 ◈ The Etymologies erroneously class this word as Quenya
thin [θˈin] n. Poet. evening ◇ Ety/392
thind* [θˈind] (thinn) adj. grey, pale ◇ Ety/392, S/438
thinn → thind
thinna- [θˈinnɑ] v. to fade, to grow towards evening ◇ Ety/392 ◈ The punctuation in The Etymologies is considered incorrect (the full dot after this word should conceivably be a comma)
thinnas [θˈinnɑs] n. Ling. "shortness" (name of a mark indicating short quality of vowel) ◇ Ety/388
thio [θˈi.ɔ] v. inf. of thia-, to seem ◇ Ety/392
thîr* [θˈiːr] n. look, face, expression, countenance ◇ Ety/392, VT/41:10
thiw* pl. nasal mut. of têw ◇ LotR/II:IV ◈ The mutated form of tîw on the Doors of Durin is thiw instead of the expected thîw. See sen for a discussion of this form
thîw* pl. nasal mut. of têw ◇ Letters/347 ◈ See also thiw
thlaew → lhaew
thlê → lhê
thlein → lhain II
thlîn pl. of lhain II → lhîn II
thlind → lhind II
thling → lhing
thlingril → lhingril
thlinn → lhind II
thliw → lhîw
thloew → lhaew
thloss → lhoss
thôl* [θˈɔːl] n. helm ◇ S/438
thôn* [θˈɔːn] (thaun) n. Bot. pine-tree ◇ Ety/392, S/438
thond* [θˈɔnd] n. root ◇ LotR/E, Letters/178
thoniel* [θˈɔni.ɛl̡] n. f. kindler ← Gilthoniel LotR/II:I, LotR/IV:X, RGEO/72-74
thôr* I [θˈɔːr] n. Orn. eagle ← Belecthor S/322,365, LotR/A(ii), Ety/392
thôr II [θˈɔːr] adj. swooping, leaping down ◇ Ety/393
thora- [θˈɔrɑ] v. to fence ◈ thoren pp. ◈ thoro- v. inf.
thoren [θˈɔrɛn] pp. of thora-, fenced ◇ Ety/393
thoro- [θˈɔrɔ] v. inf. of thora-, to fence ◇ Ety/393
thórod [θˈɔːrɔd] n. torrent ◇ Ety/393
thoron* [θˈɔrɔn] pl. theryn* [θˈɛryn] (therein) n. Orn. eagle ◇ Ety/392, S/438, X/Z ◇ Back-formed from the plural, see thôr ◈ thoronath* n. coll.
thoronath* [θˈɔrɔnɑθ] n. coll. of thoron, eagles ◇ S/387, S/438
thribi → rhibi
thross → rhoss II
thû [θˈuː] n. stench ◇ Ety/393
thuia- [θˈuj.ɑ] v. to breathe ◈ thuio v. inf.
thuio [θˈuj.ɔ] v. inf. of thuia-, to breathe ◇ Ety/393
thûl [θˈuːl] n. breath ◇ Ety/393
thurin [θˈurin] adj. secret, hidden ◇ LB/304, Ety/394
ti* [ti] pron. them ← i gohenam di ai VT/44:21,30
tî [tˈiː] n. line, row ◇ Ety/392
tilch pl. of telch
tild → till
till [tˈil̡l] (tild) n. horn, point ◇ Ety/393
tîn* [tˈiːn] adj. his ← bess dîn SD/129-31
tinc [tˈiŋk] n. metal ◇ Ety/394
tindu → tinnu
tinna- [tˈinnɑ] v. to glint ◈ tinno v. inf.
tinno [tˈinnɔ] v. inf. of tinna-, to glint ◇ Ety/393
tinnu [tˈinnu] (tindu) n. 1. dusk, twilight, early night (without moon) ○ 2. starry twilight ◇ Ety/355, Ety/393, X/ND2 ◇ tinu+dû
tint [tˈint] n. spark ◇ Ety/393
tinu* [tˈinu] (tinw) n. spark, small star ◇ Ety/393, X/W
tinw → tinu
tir- [tˈir] v. to watch, to gaze, look at ◈ tiri v. inf. ◈ tiro* v. imp. ◈ tirnen* pp.
tîr [tˈiːr] adj. straight, right ◇ Ety/391
tíra-* [tˈiːrɑ] v. to see ← tírad SD/129-31 ◈ tírad* ger.
tírad* [tˈiːrɑd] ger. of tíra-, to see, for the seing ◇ SD/129-31
tiri [tˈiri] v. inf. of tir-, to watch, to gaze, look at ◇ Ety/394
tiria- [tˈiri.ɑ] pa. t. tiriant [tˈiri.ɑnt] v. to watch, to gaze, look at ◇ Ety/394 ◈ tirio v. inf. ◈ tiriel* part. ◈ tíriel* perf.
tiriant pa. t. of tiria-
tiriel* [tˈiri.ɛl̡] part. of tiria-, gazing ◇ LotR/II:I, LotR/IV:X, RGEO/72-74
tíriel* [tˈiːri.ɛl̡] perf. of tiria-, having gazed ◇ LotR/II:I, LotR/IV:X, RGEO/72-74
tirio [tˈiri.ɔ] v. inf. of tiria-, to watch, to gaze, look at ◇ Ety/394
tirith* [tˈiriθ] n. watch, guard (abstract noun), vigilance ◇ Ety/394, S/437, Letters/158, VT/42:11
tirn [tˈirn] n. watcher ← heledirn Ety/394
tirnen* [tˈirnɛn] pp. of tir-, guarded ← Talath Dirnen UT/465, Ety/394, S/437
tiro* [tˈirɔ] v. imp. of tir-, look! ◇ LotR/IV:X, RGEO/72, Letters/278-79, Letters/427
tithen [tˈiθɛn] pl. tithin [tˈiθin] adj. little, tiny ◇ Ety/394
tithin pl. of tithen
tîw* pl. of têw
toba- [tˈɔbɑ] v. to cover, roof over ◈ tobo v. inf.
tobas [tˈɔbɑs] n. roofing ◇ Ety/394
tobo [tˈɔbɔ] v. inf. of toba-, to cover, roof over ◇ Ety/394
tofn [tˈɔvn] adj. lowlying, deep, low ◇ Ety/394
tog- [tˈɔg] v. to lead, bring ◈ tegi v. inf. ◈ tôg v. 3rd
tôg [tˈɔːg] v. 3rd of tog-, (he) leads, brings ◇ Ety/395
tol- [tˈɔl] v. to come ◈ teli v. inf. ◈ tôl* v. 3rd ◈ tolo* v. imp.
tol* [tˈɔl] (toll) pl. tyll [tˈyll] n. island, isle rising with sheer sides from the sea or from a river ◇ Ety/394, S/438
tôl* [tˈɔːl] v. 3rd of tol-, (he) comes ◇ Ety/395, WJ/254 ◈ According to WJ/301, the expression tôl acharn "vengeance comes" was later changed to tûl acharn by Tolkien
toll → tol
tollui* [tˈɔlluj] adj. num. eighth ◇ VT/42:25 ◈ See also tolothen
tolo* [tˈɔlɔ] v. imp. of tol-, come! ◇ VT/44:21,25
tolog [tˈɔlɔg] adj. stalwart, trusty ◇ Ety/395
toloth [tˈɔlɔθ] (tolodh*) adj. num. eight ◇ Ety/394, VT/42:25, VT/42:31 ◈ Tolkien emended toloth to tolodh, cf. VT/42:31. If we are to follow him, a word such as tolothen would be incorrect, unless the two forms coexisted
tolothen* [tˈɔlɔθɛn] adj. num. eighth ← erin dolothen SD/129-31 ◈ See also tollui
toltha- [tˈɔlθɑ] v. to fetch, to summon, make come ◈ toltho v. inf.
toltho [tˈɔlθɔ] v. inf. of toltha-, to fetch, to summon, make come ◇ Ety/395
tond [tˈɔnd] (tonn) adj. tall ◇ Ety/395, X/ND1
tong [tˈɔŋ] adj. taut, tight (of strings), resonant ◇ Ety/395
tonn → tond
tôr [tˈɔːr] pl. teryn* [tˈɛryn] (terein) n. m. Arch. brother ◇ Ety/394, X/Z ◈ The word is muindor is more usual
torech [tˈɔrɛx] n. lair, hole ◇ WR/202
torog* [tˈɔrɔg] n. troll ◇ LotR/F
tortha- [tˈɔrθɑ] v. to wield, control ◈ tortho v. inf.
tortho [tˈɔrθɔ] v. inf. of tortha-, to wield, control ◇ Ety/395
toss [tˈɔss] n. Bot. bush, low-growing tree (as maple, hawthorn, blackthorn, holly, etc.) ◇ Ety/379, Ety/395
trann* [trˈɑnn] n. shire, administrative district, division of a realm ← i-Drann SD/129-31
trannail* [trˈɑnnɑjl] adj. of a shire ← genediad Drannail SD/129-31
trasta- [trˈɑstɑ] v. to harass, trouble ◇ Ety/391
tre- [trɛ] (tri) pref. through (but denoting completeness when prefixed to verbs, cf. English idioms like "talk something through") ◇ Ety/392
trenar- [trˈɛnɑr] pa. t. trenor [trˈɛnɔr] (trener) v. to recount, to tell to end ◇ Ety/374 ◈ treneri v. inf.
trenarn [trˈɛnɑrn] n. account, tale ◇ Ety/374 ◇ tre-+narn
trener pa. t. of trenar- → trenor
treneri [trˈɛnɛri] v. inf. of trenar-, to recount, to tell to end ◇ Ety/374
trenor pa. t. of trenar-
trevad- [trˈɛvɑd] pa. t. trevant [trˈɛvɑnt] v. to traverse ◇ Ety/352 ◈ trevedi v. inf.
trevant pa. t. of trevad-
trevedi [trˈɛvɛdi] v. inf. of trevad-, to traverse ◇ Ety/352
tri → tre-
trî [trˈiː] prep. through ◇ Ety/392
trîw [trˈiːw] adj. fine, slender ◇ Ety/392
tû [tˈuː] n. muscle, sinew, vigour, physical strength ◇ Ety/394
tûg [tˈuːg] adj. thick, fat ◇ Ety/394
tui → tuiw
tuia- [tˈuj.ɑ] v. 1. to sprout, spring ○ 2. to swell ◈ tuio v. inf.
tuilin → tuilinn
tuilind → tuilinn
tuilinn [tˈujlinn] (tuilind, tuilin) n. Orn. swallow (bird) ◇ Ety/395, X/ND4 ◇ "spring-singer"
tuio [tˈuj.ɔ] v. inf. of tuia-, 1. to sprout, spring ○ 2. to swell ◇ Ety/394-395
tuiw [tˈujw] (tui) n. Bot. a sprout, bud ◇ Ety/395
tulu [tˈulu] n. support, prop ◇ Ety/395
tulus [tˈulus] pl. tylys [ˈtylys] n. Bot. poplar-tree ◇ Ety/395
tum* [tˈum] n. deep valley, under or among hills ◇ Ety/394, S/438
tump [tˈump] n. hump ◇ Ety/395
tund [tˈund] (tunn) n. hill, mound ◇ Ety/395, X/ND1
tunn → tund
tûr [tˈuːr] n. mastery, victory ◇ Ety/395
tyll pl. of tol
tylys pl. of tulus
tyrn* [tˈyrn] n. pl. downs ◇ LotR/A(iii), PM/194 ◈ Tyrn Gorthad "the Barrow-downs"
ú* [ˈuː] pref. no, not (negative prefix or particle) ◇ WJ/369, LotR/A(v)
úan [ˈuː.ɑn] n. monster ◇ Ety/351
uanui [ˈu.ɑnuj] adj. monstrous, hideous ◇ Ety/351
ubed [ˈubɛd] n. denial ◇ WR/132, WR/137-138
úgarth* [ˈuːgɑrθ] pl. úgerth* [ˈuːgɛrθ] n. bad deed, sin, trespass ◇ VT/44:21,28 ◇ ú+carth
úgerth* pl. of úgarth
ui-* [uj] pref. ever ← uidafnen, uilos (see these words) ◇ Cognate of the quenya oi
ui [ˈuj] n. envelope, especially of the Outer Sea or Air enfolding the world within the Ilurambar or world-walls ◇ Ety/397
uial* [ˈuj.ɑl] n. twilight ◇ Ety/400, S/439, LotR/D ◇ ui-+gal
uidafnen* [ujdˈɑvnɛn] (uidavnen) adj. ever-closed ◇ WR/341 ◈ Normalized to uidafnen, as in lefnui ◇ ui+tafnen "ever-blocked"
uidavnen → uidafnen
uil [ˈujl] n. Bot. seaweed ◇ Ety/396 ◈ See also gaeruil
uilos* [ˈujlɔs] n. and adj. 1. always white, ever white as snow ○ 2. Bot. as a noun, a small white everlasting flower also called simbelmynë, evermind, alfirin ◇ RGEO/74, Letters/278, UT/55 ◈ See also alfirin ◇ ui- + loss "everlasting snow, ever (white as) snow
uin* [ujn] prep. of the ◇ SD/129-31 ◇ o+i
uir [ˈujr] n. eternity ◇ Ety/379
uireb [ˈujrɛb] adj. eternal ◇ Ety/379
ûl [ˈuːl] n. odour ◇ Ety/378
uluithiad* [ulˈujθi.ɑd] adj. unquenchable, without quenching ◇ SD/62 ◇ ú+luithia-
ulun → ulunn
ulund → ulunn
ulunn* [ˈulunn] (ulund, ulun) n. monster, deformed and hideous creature ◇ Ety/396, X/ND4
um [ˈum] adj. bad, evil ◇ Ety/396
ûn [ˈuːn] n. creature ◇ Ety/379
ungol* [ˈuŋgl̩] n. spider ◇ Ety/366, WR/202, LotR
ûr I [ˈuːr] n. fire, heat ◇ Ety/396
ûr II [ˈuːr] n. wide ◇ Ety/396
urug* [ˈurug] n. orc (rarely used) ◇ WJ/390 ◈ See also orch
urui* [ˈuruj] n. and adj. 1. hot ○ 2. Cal. as a noun, the month of august ◇ LotR/D
úthaes* [ˈuːθɑɛs] n. inducement to do wrong, temptation ◇ VT/44:30
vedui* soft mut. of medui
vi* [vi] prep. in ◇ VT/44:21,27
vín* soft mut. of mín II
vîr* soft mut. of mîr
ylf* I [ˈylv] (iolf) n. brand ◇ Ety/400, X/IU ◈ The word is classed as Old Noldorin (ON) in the Etymologies, but rather seems to be Noldorin
ylf* II [ˈylv] n. drinking-vessel ◇ WJ/416
ŷr* [ˈyːr] (iôr) n. course ◇ Ety/400, X/IU
yrch* pl. of orch
yrn pl. of orn