Description
Title

Hiswelókë's Sindarin dictionary

Compiled, edited and annotated by Didier Willis

Edition

Edition 1.8-Beta

Lexicon 0.994821

1539 entries.

Publication

1999-2004, Didier Willis and The Sindarin Dictionary Project

Availability

Status: free.

License: This material may be distributed only subject to the terms and conditions set forth in the Creative Commons Attribution, Non-Commercial, Share-Alike License, version 2.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.0/).

Additional limitation of scope: Sindarin, as one of the languages invented by J.R.R. Tolkien, is his artistic and intellectual property. The editor does not claim any intellectual property on the Sindarin language itself and, as a whole, on this dictionary, beyond the editorial annotations, the arrangement of entries and the encyclopaedic discussions or interpretations appended to these entries. The above-mentioned license applies to such elements only.

J.R.R. Tolkien's texts and books are copyrighted by the Tolkien Estate and/or Tolkien's publishers. As of yet, this material is not approved by the Tolkien Estate or Tolkien's publishers, and is henceforth an unauthorized Sindarin dictionary. This material is however provided under the editor's assumption that compiling, arranging, analyzing, normalizing and annotating entries in order to produce a dictionary for a language, even if it is an invented one, does not violate the copyright of the inventor.

Shall any third party include this material in a derived work, under the above-mentioned license or under any other applicable license, the editor will not be liable for possible infringement of copyright on the derived work. Every derived use of this material is left under the sole responsability of the third party.

Notwithstanding, this material is neither a verbatim reproduction of information from Tolkien's published works, nor a simple rearrangement of such information in a different order. Many entries are deduced from indirect evidences (such as compounds, inflected forms, etc.) or are normalized according to our current knowledge of the Sindarin phonology and morphology. As a consequence, some deductions, as presented by the editor or by other contributors to the dictionary, might actually prove incorrect or inaccurate when new information is published.

Any violation of copyright regarding yet unpublished texts by J.R.R. Tolkien is unintended. The compiler does not have any access to hitherto unpublished texts. Would it be the case, such texts would not be used in the dictionary. Therefore, this dictionary only contains entries based on published texts, either from direct attestations or based on deductions and conclusions drawn from these texts by careful comparisons.

Notes

The editor would like to thank all the persons who made this work possible. This dictionary would not have existed without the efforts of many other peoples. Lisa Star (editor of Tyalië Tyelelliéva) and Helge Kåre Fauskanger (webmaster of Ardalambion) gave me precious advices and encouragements at the very beginning of the project. David Salo sent me his own lexicons and kindly answered some of my questions about them. Cédric Fockeu (webmaster of J.R.R. Tolkien en Version Française) offered his technical skill in scripting languages, as well as disk space to host the original on-line search engine. My thanks are also addressed to Ryszard Derdzinski, Dorothea Salo, B. Philip Jonsson, Sébastien Mallet and the members of the ELFLING mailing-list, for their support during the early phases of this long project; and later to Jim Allan (editor and co-author of An Introduction to Elvish), Bertrand Bellet, Carl Hostetter (editor of Vinyar Tengwar), Per Lindberg (from Mellonath Daeron), Elena Liria, Emanuele Vicentini, Patrick Wynne and all the other members of the Sindarin dictionary discussion group for their contributions and continual feedback, with a special mention for Javier Lorenzo for all the corrections he sent to the mailing-list. The Dragon Flame application would not have existed without Benjamin Babut. Likewise, this revised edition of the dictionary would not have seen the light without Benjamin's work and enthousiasm for Dragon Flame and its set of related tools. I am also indebt to Sylvain Veyrié and Thomas Deniau for having ported Dragon Flame to other operating systems. Last but not least, this work is dedicated to Christopher Tolkien and to the Vinyar Tengwar & Parma Eldalamberon editorial staffs, whose efforts to publish J.R.R. Tolkien's linguistic papers have made such a dictionary possible.

Source

Dictionary based on J.R.R. Tolkien's works, and extended with etymological notes, phonetics and other information.

Sindarin is the language of the Grey Elves, invented by J.R.R. Tolkien and exemplified in his masterful epic story The Lord of the Rings.

This work aims at being a complete Sindarin dictionary, addressing not only Tolkien's fans wishing to understand the elvish sentences from The Lord of the Rings or to build simple sentences in Sindarin, but also scholars wanting to study Sindarin for what it is: the complex linguistic invention of a philology professor, and also a beautiful piece of art.

The Sindarin dictionary project began on October 23, 1999, and is still under development. By no mean shall this version be regarded as definitive. The editor is all too well aware that the dictionary is not as perfect or complete as it might be. Nevertheless, it seems better to encourage the study of Sindarin by the provision of a working dictionary rather than delay the publication perhaps for years, until the editor's ideals are satisfied — a condition which might never be attained.

Encoding
Project declaration

Dictionary compiled and adapted from various sources.

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Sampling

Phonetics are transcribed using the X-SAMPA scheme for representing the IPA in 7-bit ASCII encoding.

Hypothetical words, either interpreted, reconstructed or deduced from mutated forms, are all marked as deduced.

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Phonetics are rendered in IPA in the PDF version. Some symbols used as delimiters are rendered with glyphs available to the typesetter, and might differ from the XHTML version.

Correction

Status: high.

This document has been extensively checked, although a few casual errors or typos may still remain.

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XHTML version validated with Richard Tobin's RXP software, for compliance with XHTML 1.0 Transitional.

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Interpretation

Probable errors in the sources have been corrected and marked with the <corr> tag.

In the XHTML version, corrections are rendered using a specific markup (misreadings, etc.).


abandonawartha- [ɑwˈɑrθɑ] v. to forsake, abandon ◇ Ety/397

abandonmentawarth [ˈɑwɑrθ] n. abandonment ◇ Ety/397

abhorfuia- [fˈuj.ɑ] v. to feel disgust at, abhor ◈ fuio [fˈuj.ɔ] v. inf. of fuia-, to feel disgust at, abhor ◇ Ety/381

abhorrencedelos [dˈɛlɔs] (deloth) n. abhorrence, detestation, loathing ◇ Ety/355

abhorrentthaur* [θˈɑur] adj. abominable, abhorrent ◇ S/438

abidinghim I [hˈim] adj. 1. steadfast, abiding ○ 2. as an adverb, continually ◇ Ety/364thenid [θˈɛnid] adj. firm, true, abiding ◇ Ety/388thenin [θˈɛnin] adj. firm, true, abiding ◇ Ety/388

abominabledeleb [dˈɛlɛb] adj. horrible, abominable, loathsome ◇ Ety/355thaur* [θˈɑur] adj. abominable, abhorrent ◇ S/438

aboundovra- [ˈɔvrɑ] v. to abound ◈ ovro [ˈɔvrɔ] v. inf. of ovra-, to abound ◇ Ety/396

abouto II [ɔ] prep. about, concerning ◇ Ety/378The Etymologies state that h- is prefixed to the word following this preposition, when it begins in a vowel: o Hedhil "concerning the Elves (Edhil)". Some scholars consider that this rule is not valid in Sindarin, but that the preposition would perhaps become oh in such a case (hence oh Edhil, to be compared with ah in Athrabeth Finrod ah Andrethos- [ɔs] pref. about, around ◇ Ety/379

aboveor- [ɔr] pref. above, over ◇ Ety/379or [ɔr] prep. above, over ◇ Ety/379

abroadpalan-* [pˈɑlɑn] adv. afar, abroad, far and wide ◇ LotR/II:I, LotR/IV:X, RGEO/72-74

abundantovor [ˈɔvr̩] (ovr, ofr) adj. abundant ◇ Ety/396

abyss* [jˈɑː] (ia) n. 1. gulf ○ 2. abyss, void ◇ Ety/400, S/432, Letters/383

accountpennas [pˈɛnnɑs] n. history, historical account ◇ Ety/366, WJ/192, WJ/206trenarn [trˈɛnɑrn] n. account, tale ◇ Ety/374

acrossath- [ɑθ] pref. on both sides, across ◇ Ety/349athra-* [ɑθrɑ] pref. across ← Athrabeth MR/329thar-* [θɑr] pref. across, athwart, over, beyond ◇ Ety/388, S/438

acutelaeg* I [lˈɑɛg] (lhaeg) adj. keen, sharp, acute ◇ Ety/368, X/LH

afarpalan-* [pˈɑlɑn] adv. afar, abroad, far and wide ◇ LotR/II:I, LotR/IV:X, RGEO/72-74

affectpresta- [prˈɛstɑ] v. to affect, trouble, disturb ◈ presto [prˈɛstɔ] v. inf. of presta-, to affect, trouble, disturb ◇ Ety/380

affectedprestannen [prɛstˈɑnnɛn] pp. of presta-, 1. affected ○ 2. Ling. mutated (of a mutated vowel) ◇ Ety/380

affectionmîl [mˈiːl] n. love, affection ◇ Ety/372prestanneth [prɛstˈɑnnɛθ] n. Ling. affection of vowels, mutation ◇ Ety/380

afflictioncaul* [kˈɑul] n. great burden, affliction ◇ VT/39:10

afterab-* [ɑb] pref. after, later ← Abonnen WJ/387

againad- [ɑd] pref. back, again, re- ◇ Ety/349, VT/45:6

againstdan* [dɑn] prep. 1. against ○ 2. etym. back ◇ LotR/II:IV

ageandrann* [ˈɑndrɑnn] (anrand) n. cycle, age (100 Valian Years) ◇ Ety/382, X/ND4Helge Fauskanger notes: the element and "long" would normally be preserved before r-, but d is lost because there is another d in the word (VT/41:9); however, this second d later disappeared in the change from -nd to -nn, and it is unclear whether or not an- would then revert to and-

agediphant* [ˈiffɑnt] (ifant) adj. aged, long-lived, old (with no connotation of weakness) ◇ Ety/358, Ety/399, X/PH

agileceleg* [kˈɛlɛg] adj. swift, agile, hasty ◇ Ety/366, PM/353, VT/41:10

agoio [jɔ] (ia) adv. ago ◇ Ety/399

ahai* I [ˈɑj] interj. ah! ◇ LotR/I:XIIThough attested in LotR, this word might relate to ae I, with the regular change from ai to ae between Noldorin and Sindarin

airgwelu* [gwˈɛlu] (gwelw) n. air (as substance) ◇ Ety/398, X/Wgwelwen [gwˈɛl̡wɛn] n. air, lower air (distinct from the upper air of the stars, or the outer) ◇ Ety/398gwilith [gwˈiliθ] n. air (as a region) ◇ Ety/398lind* [lˈind] (lhind, lhinn) n. air, tune ◇ Ety/369, X/LH, X/ND1

alasnae [nˈɑɛ] interj. alas ◇ Ety/375

alivecuin [kˈujn] adj. alive ◇ Ety/366cuina- [kˈujnɑ] v. to be alive ◈ cuino [kˈujnɔ] v. inf. of cuina-, to be alive ◇ Ety/366

allpân* II [pˈɑːn] pl. pain* [pˈɑjn] adj. all, in totality ← mhellyn în phain SD/129-31As no other word beginning in ph- is attested, it is assumed that a nasal mutation is triggered by the pronoun în I, hence the form observed in the "King's Letter"

allegiancebuia- [bˈuj.ɑ] v. to serve, to hold allegiance to ◈ buio [bˈuj.ɔ] v. inf. of buia-, to serve, to hold allegiance to ◇ Ety/353

aloneer- [ɛr] pref. alone, one ◇ VT/42:19erui* [ˈɛruj] adj. 1. single, alone ○ 2. by ext. first (incorrect use by the Gondorians) ◇ TI/312, WR/436, VT/42:10The proper word for first in Sindarin was minui

alphabetangerthas* [ɑŋgˈɛrθɑs] n. Ling. runic alphabet, long rune-rows (extended version of the Cirth) ◇ S/427, LotR/Ecerthas* [kˈɛrθɑs] n. Ling. runic alphabet, rune-rows ◇ LotR/E

amputateesgeri [ˈɛsgɛri] v. inf. of osgar-, to cut round, to amputate ◇ Ety/379osgar- [ˈɔsgɑr] v. to cut round, to amputate

ancientiaur* [jˈɑur] adj. 1. ancient, old, original ○ 2. older, former ◇ Ety/358, Ety/399, S/433, UT/384

anda* I [ɑ] (ar*) conj. and ◇ LotR/II:IV, LotR/VI:IV, S/428, SD/129-31, LB/354, Letters/308See ah for the form that this conjunction might take before a vowelah* [ɑh] prep. and conj. and, with ◇ MR/329The title Athrabeth Finrod ah Andreth is translated as "converse of Finrod and Andreth", but some scholars actually believe this word to be unrelated with the conjunction a I, ar "and", and they render it as "with". Other scholars consider that "and" and "with" (in the comitative sense) are not exclusive of each other, and regard ah as the form taken by this conjunction before a vowel. That a, ar and ah are etymologically related has finally been confirmed in VT43:29-30. Compare also with Welsh, where the coordination "and" also takes different forms whether it occurs before a vowel or a consonant (respectively ac and a). In written Welsh, a often triggers the aspirate mutation: bara a chaws "bread and cheese". This usage is seldom applied in colloquial Welsh (Modern Welsh §510)

angerrûth* [rˈuːθ] n. anger ◇ S/436

anglebennas [bˈɛnnɑs] n. angle, corner ◇ Ety/352, Ety/375nass [nˈɑss] n. 1. point, (sharp) end ○ 2. angle or corner ◇ Ety/375, VT/45:37

animallavan* [lˈɑvɑn] pl. levain* [lˈɛvɑjn] n. Zool. animal (usually applied to four-footed beasts, and never to reptiles or birds) ◇ WJ/388, WJ/416tad-dal* [tˈɑd.dɑl] pl. tad-dail* [tˈɑd.dɑjl] n. and adj. Zool. biped, two-legged animal ◇ WJ/388

annalínias [ˈiːni.ɑs] n. annals ◇ Ety/400

anniversaryedinor* [ˈɛdinɑr] (edinar) n. anniversary day ◇ Ety/400, X/Z

answerdambeth* [dˈɑmbɛθ] n. answer, response ◇ PM/395In Tolkien's manuscript, this form was rejected in favor of dangweth, with a slightly different meaning. However, it must be assumed that the word is valid per sedangweth* [dˈɑŋgwɛθ] n. answer, reply giving new information ◇ PM/395

anybodypen* II [pɛn] pron. one, somebody, anybody ◇ WJ/376Usually enclitic; mutated as ben

apparitionauth* II [ˈɑuθ] n. a dim shape, spectral or vague apparition ◇ VT/42:9

appearthia- [θˈi.ɑ] v. to appear, seem

applecordof* [kˈɔrdɔv] n. Bot. pippin (seed of certain fruits, or more probably small red apple) ◇ SD/129-31

approachanglenna-* [ɑŋglˈɛnnɑ] v. to approach ← anglennatha SD/129-31

appropriateseidia-* [sˈɛjdi.ɑ] v. to set aside, appropriate to a special purpose or owner ◇ VT/42:20

aprilgwirith* [gwˈiriθ] n. Cal. april (month) ◇ LotR/D, SD/129-31

arch* [kˈuː] n. 1. arch, crescent ○ 2. by ext. bow ◇ Ety/365, S/429

areasad* [sˈɑd] n. limited area naturally or artificially defined, a place, spot ◇ UT/425, VT/42:20

armranc* [rˈɑŋk] (rhanc) pl. rainc* [rˈɑjŋk] (rhenc) n. arm ◇ Ety/382, X/RH

aroundos- [ɔs] pref. about, around ◇ Ety/379

articlebach [bˈɑx] n. article (for exchange), ware, thing ◇ Ety/372

assui* II [sˈuj] prep. as, like ◇ VT/44:21,27

ashlith* [lˈiθ] n. ash, sand, dust ◇ Ety/369, S/434, TC/178

ashenlithui* [lˈiθuj] adj. ashen, ashy, of ash, ash-coloured, dusty ◇ S/434, UT/435, RGEO/74, TC/178, VT/42:10

ashylithui* [lˈiθuj] adj. ashen, ashy, of ash, ash-coloured, dusty ◇ S/434, UT/435, RGEO/74, TC/178, VT/42:10

assemblyhûd [hˈuːd] n. assembly ◇ Ety/364

associategwathel [gwˈɑθɛl̡] pl. gwethil [gwˈɛθil̡] n. f. sister, associate ◇ Ety/392

atna* [nɑ] prep. 1. with, by (also used as a genitive sign) ○ 2. to, towards, at ◇ Ety/374, LotR/I:XII

athwartthar-* [θɑr] pref. across, athwart, over, beyond ◇ Ety/388, S/438

augusturui* [ˈuruj] n. and adj. 1. hot ○ 2. Cal. as a noun, the month of august ◇ LotR/D

autumniavas* [jˈɑvɑs] n. Cal. season of autumn ◇ LotR/Dlasbelin* [lˈɑsbɛlin] (lhasbelin) n. Cal. season of autumn ◇ Ety/366-367, X/LH

awakeningechui* [ˈɛxuj] (echuiw) n. awakening ◇ Ety/366, S/429

aweanwar* [ˈɑnwɑr] n. awe ◇ UT/418, VT/42:23

awfultaur III [tˈɑur] adj. mighty, vast, overwhelming, huge, awful, high, sublime ◇ Ety/395

axehast [hˈɑst] n. axe-stroke ◇ Ety/389hathol* [hˈɑθl̩] (hathel, hathal) n. 1. broadsword-blade, axe-blade ○ 2. axe ◇ Ety/389, WJ/234, UT/444, LR/433See orchal for a discussion about syllabic consonants

babbleglavra- [glˈɑvrɑ] v. to babble ◈ glavro [glˈɑvrɔ] v. inf. of glavra-, to babble ◇ Ety/358

babblingglavrol [glˈɑvrɔl] part. of glavra-, babbling ◇ Ety/358

babelaes* [lˈɑɛs] (lhaes) n. babe ◇ Ety/367, X/LH

backad- [ɑd] pref. back, again, re- ◇ Ety/349, VT/45:6dan* [dɑn] prep. 1. against ○ 2. etym. back ◇ LotR/II:IV

badfaeg* [fˈɑɛg] (foeg) adj. mean, poor, bad ◇ Ety/387, X/OEum [ˈum] adj. bad, evil ◇ Ety/396

baldrûdh* [rˈuːð] adj. bald ◇ S/379, WJ/187

ballcoron* [kˈɔrɔn] n. 1. globe, ball ○ 2. by ext. mound ◇ Ety/365, S/429

banedagnir* [dˈɑgnir] n. 1. slayer ○ 2. by ext. bane ◇ S/430

bankraw* I [rˈɑw] (rhaw) n. bank (especially of a river) ◇ Ety/382, X/RH

barkrîf* [rˈiːv] n. bark ← Fladrif LotR/E, TC/169, TC/173

barrowgorthad* [gˈɔrθɑd] pl. gœrthaid* [gˈɛrθɑjd] n. barrow ◇ LotR/A(iii), PM/194

batterblab- [blˈɑb] v. to beat, batter, flap (wings, etc.) ◈ blebi [blˈɛbi] v. inf. of blab-, to beat, batter, flap (wings, etc.) ◇ Ety/380

battleauth I [ˈɑuθ] n. war, battle ◇ Ety/365, Ety/379dagor* [dˈɑgr̩] (dagr) n. battle ◇ Ety/375, S/430dagra- [dˈɑgrɑ] v. to battle ◈ dagro [dˈɑgrɔ] v. inf. of dagra-, to battle ◇ Ety/375maeth [mˈɑɛθ] n. battle, fight (not of general host but of two or a few) ◇ Ety/371

baycôf* [kˈɔːv] n. bay ◇ VT/42:15hûb [hˈuːb] n. haven, harbour, small landlocked bay ◇ Ety/364

bena-* [nˈɑ] v. to be ← no aer i eneth lín VT/44:21,24no* II [nˈɔ] v. imp. of na-, be! ◇ VT/44:21,24

beachfalas* [fˈɑlɑs] pl. felais* [fˈɛlɑjs] (feles) n. 1. beach, shore, line of surf ○ 2. as a proper noun, the western coast of Beleriand ◇ Ety/381, S/431, X/EI

beaconnarthan* [nˈɑrθɑn] n. beacon, signal fire to notify of the approach of an enemy ← Fornarthan VT/42:30

bearbrôg [brˈɔːg] n. Zool. bear ◇ Ety/374medli* [mˈɛdli] (megli) n. Zool. bear ◇ Ety/369, Ety/371, X/DLmedlin* [mˈɛdlin] (meglin) adj. honey-eater, bear-like ◇ Ety/369, X/DL

beardfang [fˈɑŋ] n. beard ◇ Ety/387

bearercyll* [kˈyll] n. bearer ← Taengyl, Tengyl MR/385

beatblab- [blˈɑb] v. to beat, batter, flap (wings, etc.) ◈ blebi [blˈɛbi] v. inf. of blab-, to beat, batter, flap (wings, etc.) ◇ Ety/380dringa- [drˈiŋgɑ] v. to beat ◈ dringo [drˈiŋgɔ] v. inf. of dringa-, to beat ◇ Ety/355

beautifulbain* [bˈɑjn] (bein) adj. beautiful, fair ◇ Ety/351, Ety/359, X/EI

bedhaust [hˈɑust] n. bed ◇ Ety/364

bedriddencaeleb [kˈɑɛlɛb] adj. bedridden, sick ◇ Ety/363

beechbrethil* I [brˈɛθil̡] (brethel) pl. brethil* n. Bot. beech, beech-tree, silver birch ◇ Ety/352, Ety/376, S/429fêr [fˈɛːr] pl. ferin [fˈɛrin] n. Bot. beech-tree ◇ Ety/352, Ety/381

begetedonna- [ɛdˈɔnnɑ] v. to beget ◇ Ety/379onna-* [ˈɔnnɑ] v. to beget ← Abonnen, Eboennin WJ/387

beginheria- [hˈɛri.ɑ] v. to begin suddenly and vigorously ◈ herio (corr. heno) [hˈɛri.ɔ] (hœrio (corr. hœno)) v. inf. of heria-, to begin suddenly and vigorously ◇ Ety/364, VT/45:22

behindadel [ɑdɛl̡] prep. behind, in rear (of) ◇ Ety/392

beholdalae* [ˈɑlɑɛ] interj. (?) behold! ◇ UT/40Compare with Quenya ela! "imperative exclamation directing sight to an actually visible object" (WJ/362)

bellnell [nˈɛl̡l] n. bell ◇ Ety/379nelladel [nˈɛl̡lɑdɛl̡] n. ringing of bells ◇ Ety/379

bellowingglam* [glˈɑm] (glamm*, glamb*) n. 1. barbarous speech, shouting, confused noise ○ 2. din, uproar, the confused yelling and bellowing of beasts ○ 3. by ext. as a coll. noun, any body of orcs ◇ Ety/358, Ety/377, WJ/390, WJ/416

beneathdi-* [di] pref. beneath, under ← di-nguruthos LotR/IV:X, RGEO/72, Letters/278, VT/45:37The only known usage of this word is as prefix, but VT/45:37 lists it as a unitary word di

bentcûn [kˈuːn] adj. bowed, bow-shaped, bent ◇ Ety/365raeg* [rˈɑɛg] (rhoeg) adj. crooked, bent, wrong ◇ Ety/383, X/OE, X/RH

besidear- I [ɑr] pref. 1. Arch. etym. beside ○ 2. by ext. without ◇ Ety/349

betraygweria- [gwˈɛri.ɑ] v. to betray, cheat ◈ gwerio [gwˈɛri.ɔ] v. inf. of gweria-, to betray, cheat ◇ Ety/397

betrayergwarth [gwˈɑrθ] n. betrayer ◇ Ety/397

betweenmin* II [min] prep. between the ← Minhiriath LotR/Map

beyondathan* [ɑθɑn] prep. beyond ◇ SD/62thar-* [θɑr] pref. across, athwart, over, beyond ◇ Ety/388, S/438

bindgwedh- [gwˈɛð] pa. t. gwedhant [gwˈɛðɑnt] (gwend, gwenn) v. to bind ◇ Ety/397, X/ND1gwedhi (corr. gwedi) [gwˈɛði] v. inf. of gwedh-, to bind ◇ Ety/397, X/ND1nod-* [nˈɔd] (nud-) v. to tie, bind ◇ Ety/378, X/Z

bipedtad-dal* [tˈɑd.dɑl] pl. tad-dail* [tˈɑd.dɑjl] n. and adj. Zool. biped, two-legged animal ◇ WJ/388

birchbrethil* I [brˈɛθil̡] (brethel) pl. brethil* n. Bot. beech, beech-tree, silver birch ◇ Ety/352, Ety/376, S/429

birdaew* [ˈɑɛw] n. (small) bird ◇ Ety/348, S/434aewen* [ˈɑɛwɛn] adj. of birds ← Linaewen S/434emlin [ˈɛmlin] (emmelin, emelin) n. Orn. yellow bird ◇ Ety/386fileg [fˈilɛg] pl. filig [fˈilig] n. Orn. small bird ◇ Ety/381filigod [fˈiligɔd] n. sing. of filig, Orn. small bird ◇ Ety/381heledir [hˈɛlɛdˌir] (heledirn) n. Orn. kingfisher (bird) ◇ Ety/363, Ety/386, Ety/394merilin [mˈɛrilˌin] (mœrilind) n. Orn. nightingale (bird) ◇ Ety/394, X/ND4tavor [tˈɑvr̩] (tavr, tafr) n. Orn. woodpecker (bird) ◇ Ety/390tuilinn [tˈujlinn] (tuilind, tuilin) n. Orn. swallow (bird) ◇ Ety/395, X/ND4

bitenag- [nˈɑg] v. to bite ◇ Ety/374

bitingnaeth* [nˈɑɛθ] n. 1. biting ○ 2. by ext. woe (gets senses of gnashing teeth in grief) ← Elu-naeth WJ/258, Ety/374-375

bittersaer [sˈɑɛr] adj. bitter ◇ Ety/385

blackmorn* [mˈɔrn] pl. myrn* [mˈyrn] adj. black, dark ◇ Ety/373, Letters/382, Letters/427, WJ/368, WR/113, UT/65

blackthorntoss [tˈɔss] n. Bot. bush, low-growing tree (as maple, hawthorn, blackthorn, holly, etc.) ◇ Ety/379, Ety/395

bladehathol* [hˈɑθl̩] (hathel, hathal) n. 1. broadsword-blade, axe-blade ○ 2. axe ◇ Ety/389, WJ/234, UT/444, LR/433See orchal for a discussion about syllabic consonants

blessednessgalu* [gˈɑlu] (galw) n. (?) blessings, (?) blessedness, (?) good fortune(?) (meaning not entirely clear) ◇ Ety/357, X/W

blessingsgalu* [gˈɑlu] (galw) n. (?) blessings, (?) blessedness, (?) good fortune(?) (meaning not entirely clear) ◇ Ety/357, X/W

blissmanadh [mˈɑnɑð] n. 1. doom, final end, fate, fortune ○ 2. by ext. final bliss ◇ Ety/371

blockedtafnen* [tˈɑvnɛn] adj. closed, blocked, stopped ← uidavnen WR/341Normalized to tafnen, as for lefnui

bloodagar* [ˈɑgɑr] n. blood ← Agarwaen S/378iâr [jˈɑːr] n. blood ◇ Ety/400sereg* [sˈɛrɛg] n. blood ◇ S/437

bloodstainedagarwaen* [ɑgˈɑrwɑɛn] adj. bloodstained ◇ S/378

blossomedlothia-* [ɛdlˈɔθi.ɑ] v. to blossom, flower ← edlothiand WR/293, X/TLThe sentence from WR/293 is hardly legible and is not translated, but this word is however a plausible formgwaloth [gwˈɑlɔθ] n. Bot. blossom, collection of flowers ◇ Ety/370

blossomingedlothiad* [ɛdlˈɔθi.ɑd] ger. of edlothia-, blossoming, flowering ← edlothiand WR/293Actually, edlothiand might be a misreading, according to David Salo who checked the original manuscript at Marquette and reported that his reading was unmistakably edlothiad

blowdram* [drˈɑm] (dramm, dramb) n. heavy stroke, a blow (of axe, etc.) ◇ Ety/354, X/MBdrambor [drˈɑm.bɔr] n. 1. clenched fist ○ 2. by ext. blow with fist ◇ Ety/354

blueelu* [ˈɛlu] (elw) n. (pale) blue ◇ Ety/360, X/Wlhûn [ɬˈuːn] adj. blue → luinEty/370luin* [lˈujn] adj. invar. blue → lhûnLotR (misc.), S/434, UT/390, Ety/370

boardpân I [pˈɑːn] pl. pain* [pˈɑjn] (pein) n. plank, fixed board, especially in floor ◇ Ety/380, X/EI

boatlunt* [lˈunt] (lhunt) n. boat ◇ Ety/370, X/LH

bodyrhaw* III [ɹ̥ˈɑw] n. flesh, body ◇ MR/350

boldberen I [bˈɛrɛn] adj. bold ◇ Ety/352cand* [kˈɑnd] (cann) adj. bold ◇ Ety/362, X/ND1

bolsternedhu* [nˈɛðu] (nedhw) n. bolster, cushion ◇ Ety/378, X/W

bondgwaedh [gwˈɑɛð] n. bond, troth, compact, oath ◇ Ety/397gwedh [gwˈɛð] n. bond ◇ Ety/397gwend II [gwˈɛnd] n. bond, friendship ◇ Ety/397-398, X/ND1

bookparf [pˈɑrv] pl. perf [pˈɛrv] n. book ◇ Ety/380

borderedrain* [ˈɛdrɑjn] (edrein) n. border ◇ Ety/383, X/EIglân* II [glˈɑːn] n. hem, border (of textile and other hand-made things) ◇ VT/42:8rain* I [rˈɑjn] (rhain, rhein) n. border ◇ Ety/383, X/RHrîw* [rˈiːw] (rhîf) n. edge, hem, border ◇ Ety/383, X/RH

bornonnen* [ˈɔnnɛn] pl. ennin* [ˈɛnnin] pp. of onna-, born ← Abonnen, Eboennin WJ/387

bossdolt II [dˈɔlt] pl. dylt [dˈylt] n. round knob, boss ◇ Ety/376

boundgleina-* [glˈɛjnɑ] v. to bound, enclose, limit ◇ VT/42:8, VT/42:28This entry should perhaps read gleinia-, cf. VT/42:28, note 13naud [nˈɑud] adj. bound ◇ Ety/378

boundarygland* [glˈɑnd] (glann*) n. boundary ← Glanduin, Glanhír UT/264, UT/318, UT/441, VT/42:8taeg* [tˈɑɛg] n. boundary, limit, boundary line ◇ WJ/309

bow* [kˈuː] n. 1. arch, crescent ○ 2. by ext. bow ◇ Ety/365, S/429peng [pˈɛŋ] n. bow (for shooting) ◇ Ety/366

bowedcûn [kˈuːn] adj. bowed, bow-shaped, bent ◇ Ety/365

bowstringtang [tˈɑŋ] n. bowstring ◇ Ety/394

branchgolf [gˈɔlv] n. branch ◇ Ety/359

brandylf* I [ˈylv] (iolf) n. brand ◇ Ety/400, X/IUThe word is classed as Old Noldorin (ON) in the Etymologies, but rather seems to be Noldorin

breadbasgorn [bˈɑsgɔrn] n. loaf (of bread) ◇ Ety/372, Ety/365bass* [bˈɑss] n. bread ← besain, besoneth, imbas PM/404-405, VT/44:21In the Etymologies, the word for 'bread' is given as bast, Quenya masta, but it seems that Tolkien later changed his mind and updated the word to bass, as shown in Quenya massánie, Sindarin besain, besoneth 'bread-giver', and in the mutated form mbas. These later Sindarin forms are however dubious; we would rather have expected bessain (as a regular cognate of Quenya massánie) and bassoneth (without i-affection)bassoneth* [bˈɑssonɛθ] (besoneth*) n. f. bread-giver ◇ PM/404-405, X/ZSee bass for a discussion regarding this wordbast [bˈɑst] n. bread ◇ Ety/372See bassbessain* [bˈɛssɑjn] (besain*) n. f. bread-giver ◇ PM/404-405, X/ZSee bass for a discussion regarding this wordlembas* [lˈɛmbɑs] n. journey bread made by the Elves ◇ PM/404, LotR/II:VIII

breakbreitha- [brˈɛjθɑ] v. to break out suddenly ◈ breitho [brˈɛjθɔ] v. inf. of breitha-, to break out suddenly ◇ Ety/352

breathhwest* [ʍˈɛst] (chwest) n. puff, breath, breeze ◇ Ety/388, X/HWthûl [θˈuːl] n. breath ◇ Ety/393

breathethuia- [θˈuj.ɑ] v. to breathe ◈ thuio [θˈuj.ɔ] v. inf. of thuia-, to breathe ◇ Ety/393

breezehwest* [ʍˈɛst] (chwest) n. puff, breath, breeze ◇ Ety/388, X/HW

bridedineth [dˈinɛθ] n. bride ◇ Ety/377-378dîs [dˈiːs] n. f. bride ◇ Ety/352, Ety/375

bridegroomdaer* II [dˈɑɛr] (doer) n. bridegroom ◇ Ety/375, X/OE

bridgeiant* [jˈɑnt] n. bridge ◇ Ety/400, S/432

brightglân* I [glˈɑːn] adj. bright, shining white ← Curunír 'Lân UT/390The word is deduced from its mutated form, but it is worth mentioning that a stem GALÁN "bright", with glan "daylight" and later "clear" as derivative, is listed in the Etymologies (not included in the published text), see VT/45:13. Most of the words meaning "white" in the Indo-Eureopean languages come from the original notion of "brightness", e.g. Greek leukós "white" is cognate with Latin lucere "to shine", lux "light". This association of sense is also found in Gnomish, PE11:39 (glan "clean, pure", from "bright" originally) and in Early Noldorin (PE13:144, glann "clean"). The similarity with Welsh glan (where the vowel, incidentally, is long, which is concealed by Welsh orthographic convention) is also striking

brillianceaglar* [ˈɑglɑr] n. glory, brilliance ◇ Ety/348, S/427, LotR/II:I, LotR/VI:IV, RGEO/73fael* II [fˈɑɛl] n. gleaming brilliance (of the sun) ← Faelivrin LB/376, S/209-210

brilliantcelair* [kˈɛlɑjr] (celeir) adj. brilliant ◇ Ety/362, X/EI

bringtegi [tˈɛgi] v. inf. of tog-, to lead, bring ◇ Ety/395tog- [tˈɔg] v. to lead, bring

broadland* II [lˈɑnd] (lhand, lhann) adj. wide, broad ← Landroval LotR/VI:IV, Ety/367, X/LH, X/ND1

broadswordhathol* [hˈɑθl̩] (hathel, hathal) n. 1. broadsword-blade, axe-blade ○ 2. axe ◇ Ety/389, WJ/234, UT/444, LR/433See orchal for a discussion about syllabic consonants

broochtachol [tˈɑxl̩] (tachl) n. pin, brooch ◇ Ety/389

brothsalph* [sˈɑlf] (salf) n. broth, liquid food, soup ◇ Ety/385, X/PH

brothergwador [gwˈɑdɔr] pl. gwedeir n. m. brother (especially used of those not brothers by blood, but sworn brothers or associates) ◇ Ety/394gwanur [gwˈɑnur] n. 1. a pair of twins ○ 2. brother or kinsman, kinswoman ◇ Ety/378, Ety/392, LotR/A(iv)muindor [mˈujndɔr] pl. muindyr [mˈujndyr] n. m. brother ◇ Ety/394tôr [tˈɔːr] pl. teryn* [tˈɛryn] (terein) n. m. Arch. brother ◇ Ety/394, X/ZThe word is muindor is more usual

brownbaran* [bˈɑrɑn] n. brown, swart, dark brown, golden brown, yellow brown ◇ Ety/351, LotR/F, TC/179rhosg* [ɹ̥ˈɔsg] (rhosc) adj. brown ◇ Ety/385, X/Z

budtuiw [tˈujw] (tui) n. Bot. a sprout, bud ◇ Ety/395

builderthavron [θˈɑvrɔn] n. carpenter, wright, builder ◇ Ety/388

buildingadab [ˈɑdɑb] pl. edaib* [ˈɛdɑjb] (edeb) n. building, house ◇ Ety/390, WR/379-80, X/EIcar [kˈɑr] (cardh) n. house, building ◇ Ety/362

bullmund* [mˈund] n. Zool. bull ◇ Letters/422-423

burdencaul* [kˈɑul] n. great burden, affliction ◇ VT/39:10

bushtoss [tˈɔss] n. Bot. bush, low-growing tree (as maple, hawthorn, blackthorn, holly, etc.) ◇ Ety/379, Ety/395

butterflygwilwileth [gwˈil̡wilɛθ] n. Zool. butterfly ◇ Ety/398

byan- [ɑn] pref. with, by ◇ Ety/374na* [nɑ] prep. 1. with, by (also used as a genitive sign) ○ 2. to, towards, at ◇ Ety/374, LotR/I:XII

cairnsarnas [sˈɑrnɑs] n. cairn, pile of stones ◇ LR/406

cakecram* [krˈɑm] (cramb) n. cake of compressed flour or meal (often containing honey and milk) ◇ Ety/365, LotR/II:VIII

calendargenediad* [gɛnˈɛdi.ɑd] ger. of genedia-, 1. reckoning ○ 2. by ext. calendar ◇ SD/129-31

callcan-* [kˈɑn] v. to cry out, shout, call ◇ PM/361-362

calligraphytegilbor* [tɛgˈil̡bɔr] n. one skilled in calligraphy ◇ PM/318

campechad* [ˈɛxɑd] n. camp ◇ UT/431

canopydaedelu [dˈɑɛdɛlu] n. canopy ◇ Ety/391orthelian [ɔrθˈɛli.ɑn] n. canopy ◇ Ety/391

capebund [bˈund] (bunn) n. 1. snout, nose ○ 2. by ext. cape (of land) ◇ Ety/372, X/ND2cast* [kˈɑst] n. cape, headland ← Angast VT/42:28

carpenterthavron [θˈɑvrɔn] n. carpenter, wright, builder ◇ Ety/388

catchgad- [gˈɑd] v. to catch ◇ Ety/358gedi [gˈɛdi] v. inf. of gad-, to catch ◇ Ety/358raeda-* [rˈɑɛdɑ] v. to catch in a net ◇ VT/42:12

cavefela [fˈɛlɑ] pl. fili [fˈili] n. cave ◇ Ety/381gathrod [gˈɑθrɔd] n. cave ◇ Ety/358rond* [rˈɔnd] (rhond, rhonn) n. 1. cave ○ 2. vaulted or arched roof, as seen from below (and usually not visible from outside), or a (large) hall of chamber so roofed ◇ Ety/384, S/437, WJ/414, X/RH, X/ND1

caverngath [gˈɑθ] n. cavern ◇ Ety/358

cavernousraudh* [rˈɑuð] (rhaudh) adj. hollow, cavernous ◇ Ety/384, X/RH

centreened* [ˈɛnɛd] (enedh) n. core, centre, middle ◇ Ety/356, Ety/376, UT/450, Letters/224, VT/41:12,16While the word is written enedh in the Etymologies, it seems that Tolkien considered and reconsidered its form throughout his life. Late rough jottings (c. 1968), as well as the text of letter no. 168 and the fact that the toponym Enedwaith was never changed on the LotR map, seems to imply that ened is the (most) definitive form. See also the possibly related preposition ned, which has been suggested to mean "in" (while again a prefix nedh- is seen in the Etymologies)

cessationpost [pˈɔst] n. pause, halt, rest, cessation, respite ◇ Ety/382

chainangwedh [ˈɑŋgwɛð] n. chain ◇ Ety/397

chambersam* [sˈɑm] n. chamber ← Sammath LotR/VI:III, S/435sammath* [sˈɑmmɑθ] n. coll. of sam, chambers ◇ LotR/VI:III, S/435

chantlinnathon* [lˈinnɑθɔn] v. 1st of linna-, I will sing, I will chant ◇ LotR/II:I, RGEO/72linnod* [lˈinnɔd] n. 1. (?) a single verse used as a maxim ○ 2. (?) a chant of a certain metrical type, where each (half-)verse is composed of seven syllables ◇ LotR/A(iv)The word is not translated by Tolkien. The first meaning assumes that -od is a singulative affix (cf. filigod). The second meaning is proposed by Carl Hostetter and Patrick Wynne in Tolkien's Legendarium p. 132, based on the metrical characteristics of Gilraen's linnod

charmlûth* [lˈuːθ] (lhûth) n. spell, charm ◇ Ety/370, X/LH

chaserrŷn* [rˈyːn] (rhŷn) n. Zool. "chaser", hound of chase ◇ Ety/384, X/RH

cheatgweria- [gwˈɛri.ɑ] v. to betray, cheat ◈ gwerio [gwˈɛri.ɔ] v. inf. of gweria-, to betray, cheat ◇ Ety/397

childhên* II [hˈɛːn] pl. hîn* [hˈiːn] n. child (mostly used as a prefix in patronymics or metronymics) ◇ WJ/403sell [sˈɛl̡l] n. f. 1. daughter ○ 2. girl, maid (child) ◇ Ety/385

circleechor* [ˈɛxɔr] n. outer circle, encircling, outer ring ◇ LotR/V:I, LotR/Index, S/430rind* [rˈind] (rhind, rhinn) n. circle ◇ Ety/383, X/RH, X/ND1ringorn* [rˈiŋgɔrn] (rhingorn) n. circle ◇ Ety/365, X/RH

circularrend* [rˈɛnd] (rhinn (corr. rhenn)) adj. circular ◇ Ety/383, X/RH, X/ND1

citycaras* [kˈɑrɑs] n. city (built above ground) ◇ Ety/362, LotR/II:VIIminas* [mˈinɑs] (minnas) n. 1. tower ○ 2. by ext. fort, city with a citadel and central watch-tower ◇ Ety/373, S/434, VT/42:24ost* [ˈɔst] n. 1. city, town with wall round ○ 2. fortress or stronghold, made or strenghtened by art ◇ Ety/379, S/435, WJ/414othronn* [ˈɔθrɔnn] (othrond*) n. fortress or city in underground caves, underground stronghold ◇ Ety/379, Ety/384, WJ/414, X/ND4

clamorcaun* I [kˈɑun] n. outcry, clamor ◇ PM/361-362

clannoss* [nˈɔss] (nos) n. kindred, family, clan ◇ Ety/378, PM/320

clasptaew [tˈɑɛw] n. holder, socket, hasp, clasp, staple ◇ Ety/390

clawgamp [gˈɑmp] n. hook, claw ◇ Ety/357

cleanpuig [pˈujg] adj. clean, tidy, neat ◇ Ety/382

clearlim* II [lˈim] adj. clear, sparkling, light ◇ WJ/337

clearedladen* [lˈɑdɛn] (lhaden) pl. ledin* [lˈɛdin] (lhedin) adj. open, cleared ◇ Ety/368, X/LH

clearinglant* I [lˈɑnt] (lhant) n. clearing in forest ◇ X/LH

cleavercrist [krˈist] n. cleaver, sword ◇ Ety/365hâdh [hˈɑːð] n. Arch., Poet. (?) cleaver ◇ Ety/389

cleftcîl [kˈiːl] n. cleft, pass between hills, gorge ◇ Ety/365cirith* [kˈiriθ] n. cleft, high climbing pass, narrow passage cut through earth or rock ◇ S/387, UT/426, TC/181criss [krˈiss] n. cleft, cut, slash ◇ Ety/365, VT/45:23falch* [fˈɑlx] n. deep cleft, ravine ← Orfalch Echor UT/468iau II [jˈɑu] n. ravine, cleft, gulf ◇ Ety/400thanc* [θˈɑŋk] adj. cleft, split, forked ← Orthanc S/415, Ety/388

clevermaen [mˈɑɛn] adj. skilled, clever ◇ Ety/371

cloakcoll* III [kˈɔll] n. cloak, mantle ← Thingol S/421, MR/385

closedhollen* [hˈɔllɛn] pp. closed ← Fen Hollen LotR/V:IVIt might also be sollen (q.v.), mutated in adjectival positionsollen* [sˈɔllɛn] pp. closed ← Fen Hollen LotR/V:IVThe unmutated form is reconstructed from the place name Fen Hollen, assuming that the word, used in adjectival position, is mutated. However hollen as the regular form might be possible as well: it could be expected to be mutated likewise (into *chollen), but on the other hand the example of Nen Hithoel seems to show that words beginning with an h may resist to the lenitiontafnen* [tˈɑvnɛn] adj. closed, blocked, stopped ← uidavnen WR/341Normalized to tafnen, as for lefnuiuidafnen* [ujdˈɑvnɛn] (uidavnen) adj. ever-closed ◇ WR/341Normalized to uidafnen, as in lefnui

clothehab- [hˈɑb] v. to clothe ◇ Ety/363hamma- (corr. hamnia) [hˈɑmmɑ] v. to clothe ◇ Ety/363, VT/45:20

clothinghammad [hˈɑmmɑd] ger. of hamma-, clothing ◇ Ety/363

cloudfân* [fˈɑːn] n. 1. veil ○ 2. by ext. cloud (applied to clouds, floating as veils over the blue sky or the sun or moon, or resting on hills) ◇ RGEO/74faun [fˈɑun] n. cloud ◇ Ety/387

cloudyfanui* [fˈɑnuj] adj. cloudy ◇ RGEO/74

clubgrond [grˈɔnd] n. club ◇ Ety/384, X/ND1

coatheleth [hˈɛlɛθ] n. fur, fur-coat ◇ Ety/386

cobweblhing* [ɬˈiŋ] (thling) n. spider, spider's web, cobweb ◇ Ety/386, X/LH

coincanath* [kˈɑnɑθ] n. 'quarter', silver coin used in Gondor, the fourth part of a 'mirian' → mirianPM/45mirian* [mˈiri.ɑn] n. piece of money, coin used in Gondor → canathPM/45

coldhelch [hˈɛl̡x] n. bitter cold ◇ Ety/364ring* [rˈiŋ] (rhing) adj. cold ◇ Ety/383, S/436, VT/42:13, X/RH

cometeli [tˈɛli] v. inf. of tol-, to come ◇ Ety/395tol- [tˈɔl] v. to come ◈ tolo* [tˈɔlɔ] v. imp. of tol-, come! ◇ VT/44:21,25

commandingconui* [kˈɔnuj] adj. commanding, ruling (?) ← Argonui LotR/A(ii)

compactgowest [gˈɔwɛst] n. contract, compact, treaty ◇ Ety/399gwaedh [gwˈɑɛð] n. bond, troth, compact, oath ◇ Ety/397

compulsionthang* [θˈɑŋ] n. compulsion, duress, need, oppression ◇ Ety/388, S/438

concealdelia- [dˈɛli.ɑ] v. to conceal ◈ delio [dˈɛli.ɔ] (dœlio) v. inf. of delia-, to conceal ◇ Ety/355doltha- [dˈɔlθɑ] pa. t. Arch. daul [dˈɑul] v. to conceal ◇ Ety/355

concealeddolen [dˈɔlɛn] pp. of doltha-, concealed, hidden ◇ Ety/355

conceivenautha- [nˈɑuθɑ] v. to conceive ◇ Ety/378

concerningo II [ɔ] prep. about, concerning ◇ Ety/378The Etymologies state that h- is prefixed to the word following this preposition, when it begins in a vowel: o Hedhil "concerning the Elves (Edhil)". Some scholars consider that this rule is not valid in Sindarin, but that the preposition would perhaps become oh in such a case (hence oh Edhil, to be compared with ah in Athrabeth Finrod ah Andreth

confirmtangada- [tˈɑŋgɑdɑ] v. to make firm, confirm, establish ◈ tangado [tˈɑŋgɑdɔ] v. inf. of tangada-, to make firm, confirm, establish ◇ Ety/389

conquerortheri [ˈɔrθɛri] v. inf. of orthor-, to master, conquer ◇ Ety/395orthor- [ˈɔrθɔr] v. to master, conquer

contortednorn [nˈɔrn] pl. nyrn* [nˈyrn] adj. 1. twisted, knotted, crabbed, contorted ○ 2. hard ◇ Ety/387

contractgowest [gˈɔwɛst] n. contract, compact, treaty ◇ Ety/399

contrivancegaud [gˈɑud] n. device, contrivance, machine ◇ Ety/358

controltortha- [tˈɔrθɑ] v. to wield, control ◈ tortho [tˈɔrθɔ] v. inf. of tortha-, to wield, control ◇ Ety/395

converseathrabeth* [ˈɑθrɑbɛθ] n. debate, converse ◇ MR/329

coolhim* II [hˈim] adj. cool ◇ S/432

coppergaer* II [gˈɑɛr] (goer) adj. red, copper-coloured, ruddy ◇ Ety/358, X/OEross* II [rˈɔss] adj. red-haired, copper coloured, especially used of animals, as fox, red deer, etc. ◇ VT/41:10rust* [rˈust] n. copper ◇ VT/41:10rustui* [rˈustuj] adj. of copper ◇ VT/41:10

cordnordh [nˈɔrð] n. cord ◇ Ety/387

coreened* [ˈɛnɛd] (enedh) n. core, centre, middle ◇ Ety/356, Ety/376, UT/450, Letters/224, VT/41:12,16While the word is written enedh in the Etymologies, it seems that Tolkien considered and reconsidered its form throughout his life. Late rough jottings (c. 1968), as well as the text of letter no. 168 and the fact that the toponym Enedwaith was never changed on the LotR map, seems to imply that ened is the (most) definitive form. See also the possibly related preposition ned, which has been suggested to mean "in" (while again a prefix nedh- is seen in the Etymologies)

corniau I [jˈɑu] n. Bot. corn ◇ Ety/399

cornerbennas [bˈɛnnɑs] n. angle, corner ◇ Ety/352, Ety/375nass [nˈɑss] n. 1. point, (sharp) end ○ 2. angle or corner ◇ Ety/375, VT/45:37

corpsedaen [dˈɑɛn] n. corpse ◇ Ety/375

corruptthaw [θˈɑw] adj. corrupt, rotten ◇ Ety/393

counselgûr* I [gˈuːr] n. heart (in the moral sense), counsel ◇ VT/41:11,15

countgonod- [gˈɔnɔd] v. to count, count up, reckon, sum up ◇ Ety/378, Ety/399nedia-* [nˈɛdi.ɑ] (nœdia-) v. to count ◇ Ety/378

countenancethîr* [θˈiːr] n. look, face, expression, countenance ◇ Ety/392, VT/41:10

countlessarnediad [ɑrnˈɛdi.ɑd] (arnœdiad*) adj. innumerable, countless, endless, without reckoning, numberless ◇ Ety/349, Ety/378, S/428aronoded [ɑrˈɔnɔdɛd] adj. innumerable, countless, endless ◇ Ety/378See also arnediad

courserant* [rˈɑnt] n. 1. lode, vein ○ 2. course, riverbed ◇ Ety/383, S/436rath* [rˈɑθ] n. 1. course, riverbed ○ 2. street ◇ Ety/383, LotR/Indexŷr* [ˈyːr] (iôr) n. course ◇ Ety/400, X/IU

courtyardpand* [pˈɑnd] (pann) n. courtyard ◇ Ety/380, X/ND1

coveresgal* [ˈɛsgɑl] n. veil, screen, cover that hides ◇ S/431toba- [tˈɔbɑ] v. to cover, roof over ◈ tobo [tˈɔbɔ] v. inf. of toba-, to cover, roof over ◇ Ety/394

crabbednorn [nˈɔrn] pl. nyrn* [nˈyrn] adj. 1. twisted, knotted, crabbed, contorted ○ 2. hard ◇ Ety/387

craftcuru [kˈuru] (curw) n. craft, skill ◇ Ety/366, X/Wmaenas [mˈɑɛnɑs] n. craft ◇ Ety/371

creatureraug* [rˈɑug] (graug*, rhaug) n. a powerful, hostile and terrible creature, a demon ◇ Ety/384, S/436, WJ/415, X/RHulunn* [ˈulunn] (ulund, ulun) n. monster, deformed and hideous creature ◇ Ety/396, X/ND4ûn [ˈuːn] n. creature ◇ Ety/379

crescent* [kˈuː] n. 1. arch, crescent ○ 2. by ext. bow ◇ Ety/365, S/429cúron* [kˈuːrɑn] (cúran) n. the crescent moon ◇ Ety/365, X/Z

crestamloth* [ˈɑmlɔθ] n. Mil. flower or floreate device used as crest fixed to the point of a helmet ◇ WJ/318

crookedraeg* [rˈɑɛg] (rhoeg) adj. crooked, bent, wrong ◇ Ety/383, X/OE, X/RHraen* I [rˈɑɛn] (rhaen) adj. crooked ◇ Ety/382, X/RH

crossathrada- [ˈɑθrɑdɑ] v. to cross, traverse ◈ athrado [ˈɑθrɑdɔ] v. inf. of athrada-, to cross, traverse ◇ Ety/383

crossingathrad* [ˈɑθrɑd] pl. ethraid* [ˈɛθrɑjd] n. (river-)crossing, ford, way ◇ Ety/349, Ety/383, UT/437iach* [jˈɑx] n ford, crossing ← Arossiach S/382, Brithiach S/286, Cirith Ninniach S/387

crowcorch [kˈɔrx] n. crow ◇ Ety/362craban* [krˈɑbɑn] pl. crebain* [krˈɛbɑjn] n. kind of crow of large size, raven ◇ LotR/II:III

crowdhoth* [hˈɔθ] n. Pej. host, crowd, horde (nearly always in a bad sense) ◇ Ety/364, S/432ovras [ˈɔvrɑs] n. crowd, heap. ◇ Ety/396rim* I [rˈim] (rhim, rhimb) n. crowd, host, great number ◇ Ety/383, S/436, Letters/178, Letters/382, X/RH

crown* [rˈiː] (rhî) n. crown, wreath, garland ◇ Ety/383, PM/347, X/RH

crownedrîn* I [rˈiːn] (rhîn, rhien) n. and adj. 1. crowned ○ 2. by ext. as a noun, crowned lady, queen ◇ Ety/393, Ety/389, X/RH

cruelbalch [bˈɑlx] adj. cruel ◇ Ety/377baug [bˈɑug] adj. tyrannous, cruel, oppressive ◇ Ety/372

crycan-* [kˈɑn] v. to cry out, shout, call ◇ PM/361-362hûl [hˈuːl] n. cry of encouragement in battle ◇ Ety/386nalla-* [nˈɑllɑ] v. to cry ← nallon LotR/IV:X, RGEO/72, Letters/278nallon* [nˈɑllɔn] v. 1st of nalla-, I cry ◇ LotR/IV:X, RGEO/72, Letters/278

cunningcoru* [kˈɔru] (corw) adj. cunning, wily ◇ Ety/366, X/W

curserhach* [ɹ̥ˈɑx] n. curse ← e-'Rach MR/373

cushionnedhu* [nˈɛðu] (nedhw) n. bolster, cushion ◇ Ety/378, X/W

custodyband* [bˈɑnd] (bann) n. duress, prison, custody, safe-keeping ◇ Ety/371, S/428, MR/350, X/ND1

customhaew [hˈɑɛw] n. custom, habit ◇ Ety/364Written hæw (with ae-ligature) in the Etymologies

cutesgeri [ˈɛsgɛri] v. inf. of osgar-, to cut round, to amputate ◇ Ety/379osgar- [ˈɔsgɑr] v. to cut round, to amputate ◈ rest* [rˈɛst] (rhest) n. cut ◇ Ety/384, X/RHrista-* [rˈistɑ] v. 1. to cut ○ 2. to rend, rip ◈ risto* [rˈistɔ] (rhisto) v. inf. of rista-, 1. to cut ○ 2. to rend, rip ◇ Ety/384, X/RH

cutlasslang* [lˈɑŋ] (lhang) n. cutlass, sword ◇ Ety/367, X/LH

cycleandrann* [ˈɑndrɑnn] (anrand) n. cycle, age (100 Valian Years) ◇ Ety/382, X/ND4Helge Fauskanger notes: the element and "long" would normally be preserved before r-, but d is lost because there is another d in the word (VT/41:9); however, this second d later disappeared in the change from -nd to -nn, and it is unclear whether or not an- would then revert to and-

daddyada [ˈɑdɑ] n. hypo. of adar, father, daddy ◇ Ety/349

daggersigil I [sˈigil̡] n. dagger, knife ◇ Ety/385

dailyilaurui* [ilˈɑuruj] adj. daily ◇ VT/44:21,28

daisyeirien* [ˈɛjri.ɛn] n. Bot. daisy (flower) ◇ SD/129-31

dampnîd [nˈiːd] adj. damp, wet, tearful ◇ Ety/376

danglegling [glˈiŋ] n. hang, dangle ◇ Ety/359, Ety/369

darebertha- [bˈɛrθɑ] v. to dare ◈ bertho [bˈɛrθɔ] v. inf. of bertha-, to dare ◇ Ety/352

darkdoll [dˈɔll] (dolt) adj. dark, dusky, obscure ◇ Ety/355, Ety/376, X/LDdûr* [dˈuːr] pl. duir* [dˈujr] adj. dark, sombre ◇ Ety/354, S/430, UT/434môr* [mˈɔːr] n. darkness, dark, night ◇ Ety/373, Letters/382morn* [mˈɔrn] pl. myrn* [mˈyrn] adj. black, dark ◇ Ety/373, Letters/382, Letters/427, WJ/368, WR/113, UT/65

darknessdúath* [dˈuːɑθ] (dúwath) n. coll. of , 1. darkness, shadow ○ 2. nightshade ◇ Ety/354, S/430fuin* [fˈujn] n. night, dead of night, gloom, darkness ◇ Ety/354, Ety/382, S/431môr* [mˈɔːr] n. darkness, dark, night ◇ Ety/373, Letters/382

darthador* [hˈɑdr̩] n. thrower (of spears and darts) ◇ Ety/363, WJ/234hadron [hˈɑdrɔn] n. m. thrower (of spears and darts) ◇ Ety/363

daughteriell [jˈɛl̡l] n. f. 1. daughter ○ 2. girl, maid ◇ Ety/385, Ety/400Stated to be an alteration of sell, remodelled after ion "son" (OS *jondo). It was "a change assisted by the loss of s in compounds and patronymics", hence the ending -iel in several feminine wordssell [sˈɛl̡l] n. f. 1. daughter ○ 2. girl, maid (child) ◇ Ety/385sellath* [sˈɛl̡lɑθ] n. coll. of sell, all the daughters ◇ SD/129-31

dauntlessthalion* [θˈɑli.ɔn] pl. thelyn [θˈɛlyn] n. hero, dauntless man (especially as surname of Húrin Thalion) ◇ Ety/388, S/438

dawnminuial* [minˈuj.ɑl] n. morrowdim', the time near dawn, when the star fade ◇ LotR/D

dayarad [ˈɑrɑd] n. daytime, a day ◇ Ety/349aur* [ˈɑur] n. day, sunlight, morning ◇ Ety/349, S/439See also calancalan* [kˈɑlɑn] n. day, period of actual daylight ◇ aLotR/DAttested in the first edition of LotR, but omitted from the second. See also auroraearon* [ɔrˈɑɛ.ɑrɔn] n. Cal. seventh day of the Númenórean week, Sea-day ◇ LotR/Doranor* [ˈɔrɑnɔr] n. Cal. second day of the week, day of the Sun ◇ LotR/Dorbelain* [ˈɔrbɛlɑjn] n. Cal. sixth day of the week, day of the Powers or Valar ◇ LotR/Dorgaladh* [ˈɔrgɑlɑð] n. Cal. fourth day of the Númenórean week, day of the White Tree ◇ LotR/DThis day was formerly called orgaladhad in the Elvish calendarorgaladhad* [ɔrgˈɑlɑðɑd] n. Cal. fourth day of the Elvish week, day of the Two Trees ◇ LotR/DThis day was renamed orgaladh in the Númenórean calendarorgilion* [ɔrgˈili.ɔn] n. Cal. first day of the week, day of the Stars ◇ LotR/Dorithil* [ˈɔriθil̡] n. Cal. third day of the week, day of the Moon ◇ LotR/Dormenel* [ˈɔrmɛnɛl̡] n. Cal. fifth day of the week, Heavens' day ◇ LotR/Dpenninor [pˈɛnninɔr] (penninar) n. Cal. last day of the year ◇ Ety/400, X/Z

daylightcalan* [kˈɑlɑn] n. day, period of actual daylight ◇ aLotR/DAttested in the first edition of LotR, but omitted from the second. See also aur

daytimearad [ˈɑrɑd] n. daytime, a day ◇ Ety/349

deadfern [fˈɛrn] pl. firn [fˈirn] n. and adj. 1. dead (of mortals) ○ 2. as a noun, dead person ◇ Ety/381gwann [gwˈɑnn] adj. departed, dead ◇ Ety/397

deadlydelu* [dˈɛlu] (delw) adj. hateful, deadly, fell ◇ Ety/355, X/W

dearmell [mˈɛl̡l] adj. dear ◇ Ety/372muin [mˈujn] adj. dear ◇ Ety/374

deathgûr II [gˈuːr] n. death ◇ Ety/377gurth* [gˈurθ] n. death ◇ S/432, UT/39, UT/54guruth [gˈuruθ] n. death ◇ Ety/377guruthos* [gˈuruθɔs] n. the shadow of death, death-horror ← di-nguruthos LotR/IV:X, RGEO/72, Letters/278gwanath [gwˈɑnɑθ] n. death (act of dying, not death as a state or abstract) ◇ Ety/397gwanu* [gwˈɑnu] (gwanw) n. death (act of dying, not death as a state or abstract) ◇ Ety/397, X/W

debateathrabeth* [ˈɑθrɑbɛθ] n. debate, converse ◇ MR/329

decembergirithron* [girˈiθrɔn] n. Cal. december (month) ◇ LotR/D

declivitypend [pˈɛnd] (penn) n. declivity ◇ Ety/380, X/ND1

decripitgern [gˈɛrn] adj. worn, old, decripit (used of things only) ◇ Ety/360ingem [ˈiŋgɛm] adj. old (of person, in mortal sense: decripit, suffering from old age) ◇ Ety/358, Ety/399, Ety/400New word coined by the Elves after meeting with men

deedcardh II [kˈɑrð] n. deed, feat ◇ Ety/362Dialectal carth

deepnûr I [nˈuːr] adj. deep ◇ Ety/378tofn [tˈɔvn] adj. lowlying, deep, low ◇ Ety/394

deeraras* [ˈɑrɑs] n. Zool. deer ◇ WJ/156-157

defileaglonn* [ˈɑglɔnn] (aglond, aglon) n. defile, pass between high walls ◇ Ety/348, X/ND4

dellim* II [ˈim] (imm, imb) n. dell, deep vale ← imlad, imloth, imrath, VT/45:18

delvinggroth* [grˈɔθ] n. 1. large excavation ○ 2. delving, underground dwelling ◇ WJ/415, S/431

demonraug* [rˈɑug] (graug*, rhaug) n. a powerful, hostile and terrible creature, a demon ◇ Ety/384, S/436, WJ/415, X/RH

denialubed [ˈubɛd] n. denial ◇ WR/132, WR/137-138

departgwanna- [gwˈɑnnɑ] v. to depart, die ◈ gwanno [gwˈɑnnɔ] v. inf. of gwanna-, to depart, die ◇ Ety/397

departedgwann [gwˈɑnn] adj. departed, dead ◇ Ety/397

depriveneitha-* [nˈɛjθɑ] v. to wrong, to deprive ← Neithan UT/456

deprivedneithan* [nˈɛjθɑn] adj. deprived, wronged ◇ UT/456

descendantion* [jˈɔn] (iond*, ionn) n. m. 1. son ○ 2. by ext. scion, male descendant ◇ Ety/400, MR/373, X/ND1, X/ND2For the second meaning, cf. Hadorion, a Húrin's epithet in WJ/294, Hurinionath referring to the house of Húrin the Steward in PM/202-3,218, and Gil-Galad's epithet Ereinion, cf. also the gloss of the old Qenya cognate yondo "descendant of" in PE/12:106, or the use of the same suffix in later Quenya names such as Isildurioni and Anárioni "Heirs of Isildur (resp. Anárion)" in PM/192,196

deserteru [ˈɛru] n. waste, desert ◇ Ety/356

desireaníra-* [ɑnˈiːrɑ] v. to desire ◇ SD/129-31

detestationdelos [dˈɛlɔs] (deloth) n. abhorrence, detestation, loathing ◇ Ety/355

devicegaud [gˈɑud] n. device, contrivance, machine ◇ Ety/358

dewmîdh (corr. mídh) [mˈiːð] n. dew ◇ Ety/373

diacriticgasdil [gˈɑsdil̡] n. Ling. "stopgap", name of a diacritic sign used to indicate that g had been lenited to zero ◇ Ety/354, Ety/357

diegwanna- [gwˈɑnnɑ] v. to depart, die ◈ gwanno [gwˈɑnnɔ] v. inf. of gwanna-, to depart, die ◇ Ety/397

dimgwathra-* [gwˈɑθrɑ] v. to overshadow, dim, veil, obscure ◇ VT/42:9gwathren* [gwˈɑθrɛn] pl. gwethrin* [gwˈɛθrin] adj. shadowy, dim ← Ered Wethrin S/432, VT/42:9

dimness* [dˈuː] n. nightfall, late evening, night, dimness ◇ Ety/354, S/430, VT/45:9

dinglam* [glˈɑm] (glamm*, glamb*) n. 1. barbarous speech, shouting, confused noise ○ 2. din, uproar, the confused yelling and bellowing of beasts ○ 3. by ext. as a coll. noun, any body of orcs ◇ Ety/358, Ety/377, WJ/390, WJ/416

dirtygwaur [gwˈɑur] n. soiled, dirty ◇ Ety/397

disgustdel [ˈdɛl̡] n. fear, disgust, loathing, horror ◇ Ety/355fuia- [fˈuj.ɑ] v. to feel disgust at, abhor ◈ fuio [fˈuj.ɔ] v. inf. of fuia-, to feel disgust at, abhor ◇ Ety/381

distancehaered* [hˈɑɛrɛd] n. remote distance, the remote ← na-chaered LotR/II:I, RGEO/72

distanthae* [hˈɑɛ] adj. far, remote, distant ← Gwahaedir PM/186, VT/45:21haeron* [hˈɑɛrɔn] adj. far, remote, distant ◇ PM/273

distinctminai* [mˈinɑj] (minei) adj. single, distinct, unique ◇ Ety/373, X/EI

districttrann* [trˈɑnn] n. shire, administrative district, division of a realm ← i-Drann SD/129-31

disturbpresta- [prˈɛstɑ] v. to affect, trouble, disturb ◈ presto [prˈɛstɔ] v. inf. of presta-, to affect, trouble, disturb ◇ Ety/380

divinitybalan* [bˈɑlɑn] pl. belain* [bˈɛlɑjn] (belein, belen) n. Theo. Vala, divine power, divinity ◇ Ety/350, S/439, Letters/427, X/EIrodon* [rˈɔdɔn] pl. rodyn* [rˈɔdyn] n. Theo. Vala, divinity ◇ LotR/D

docar-* [kˈɑr] irreg. pa. t. agor* [ˈɑgɔr] v. to do ← avo garo WJ/371, WJ/415caro* [kˈɑrɔ] v. imp. of car-, do! make! ◇ VT/44:21,25

doerceredir [kˈɛrɛdˌir] n. doer, maker ◇ Ety/354

dog [hˈuː] n. Zool. dog ◇ Ety/364

doingcared [kˈɑrɛd] ger. of car-, making, doing ← ceredir Ety/354

dometelu [tˈɛlu] n. dome, high roof ◇ Ety/391

doomamarth* [ˈɑmɑrθ] (ammarth) n. fate, doom ◇ Ety/372, S/427, LotR/A(i), TC/183bartha- [bˈɑrθɑ] v. to doom ◈ bartho [bˈɑrθɔ] v. inf. of bartha-, to doom ◇ Ety/372manadh [mˈɑnɑð] n. 1. doom, final end, fate, fortune ○ 2. by ext. final bliss ◇ Ety/371

doomedbarad I [bˈɑrɑd] adj. doomed ◇ Ety/372

doorannon* [ˈɑnnɔn] pl. ennyn* [ˈɛnnyn] n. great door or gate ◇ Ety/348, S/428, LotR/II:IV, TAI/150fen* [fˈɛn] (fend, fenn) n. door, threshold ◇ Ety/381, LotR/V:IV, WR/341, X/ND1

doorwayfennas* [fˈɛnnɑs] n. doorway, gateway ◇ LotR/II:IV, RS/463, RGEO/75

dotpeg [pˈɛg] n. small spot, dot ◇ Ety/382

doubleedaid* [ˈɛdɑjd] adj. double ◇ VT/42:26-27tadol [tˈɑdɔl] adj. double ◇ Ety/391

doughmoeas [mˈɔɛ.ɑs] n. dough ◇ Ety/371

dovecugu [kˈugu] n. dove ◇ Ety/365

downdad [dˈɑd] adv. down, downwards ◇ Ety/354

downhilldadbenn [dˈɑdbɛnn] (dadben) adv. downhill, inclined, prone ◇ Ety/354, Ety/380, X/ND4

downstyrn* [tˈyrn] n. pl. downs ◇ LotR/A(iii), PM/194Tyrn Gorthad "the Barrow-downs"

downwardsdad [dˈɑd] adv. down, downwards ◇ Ety/354

dragonamlug [ˈɑmlug] n. dragon ◇ Ety/349, Ety/370limlug* [lˈimlug] (lhimlug) n. fish-dragon, sea-serpent ◇ Ety/370, X/LH

drainsautha- [sˈɑuθɑ] v. to drain ◇ Ety/388

draughtsuith* [sˈujθ] (sûth) n. draught ◇ Ety/388, X/Z

dreadachas* [ˈɑxɑs] n. dread, fear ← Daerachas WJ/187This might also be *gachas, mutated in compositiongae [gˈɑɛ] n. dread ◇ Ety/358gost [gˈɔst] n. dread ◇ Ety/359

dreadfulgaer I [gˈɑɛr] adj. dreadful ◇ Ety/358goeol* [gˈɔɛ.ɔl] adj. dreadful, terrifying ◇ PM/363

dreamôl [ˈɔːl] pl. elei n. dream ◇ Ety/370, Ety/379oltha- [ˈɔlθɑ] v. to dream ◇ Ety/370, Ety/379

drinksoga- [sˈɔgɑ] pa. t. asogant [ˈɑsɔgɑnt] (sunc) v. to drink ◇ Ety/388sogo [sˈɔgɔ] v. inf. of soga-, to drink ◇ Ety/388

drunksogannen (corr. sogennen) [sɔgˈɑnnɛn] pp. of soga-, drunk ◇ Ety/388

dryparch [pˈɑrx] adj. dry ◇ Ety/380

dungeongador [gˈɑdr̩] (gadr) n. prison, dungeon ◇ Ety/358

dunlendingsgwathuirim* [gwɑθˈujrim] n. class pl. Pop. The Dunlendings or People of Dunland ◇ PM/330

duressband* [bˈɑnd] (bann) n. duress, prison, custody, safe-keeping ◇ Ety/371, S/428, MR/350, X/ND1thang* [θˈɑŋ] n. compulsion, duress, need, oppression ◇ Ety/388, S/438

dusktinnu [tˈinnu] (tindu) n. 1. dusk, twilight, early night (without moon) ○ 2. starry twilight ◇ Ety/355, Ety/393, X/ND2

duskydoll [dˈɔll] (dolt) adj. dark, dusky, obscure ◇ Ety/355, Ety/376, X/LD

dustast [ˈɑst] n. dust ◇ Ety/349lith* [lˈiθ] n. ash, sand, dust ◇ Ety/369, S/434, TC/178

dwarfanfang [ˈɑnfɑŋ] pl. enfeng* [ˈɛnfɛŋ] n. one of the Longbeards (a tribe of dwarves) ◇ Ety/348, Ety/387, WJ/322anfangrim* [ɑnfˈɑŋgrim] n. class pl. of anfang, Longbeards (a tribe of dwarves) ◇ WJ/322dornhoth* [dˈɔrn.hɔθ] n. class pl. "the thrawn folk", dwarves ◇ WJ/388hadhod* [hˈɑðɔd] n. dwarf ◇ WJ/388, WJ/414hadhodrim* [hɑðˈɔdrim] n. class pl. of hadhod, dwarves, as a race ◇ WJ/388naug* [nˈɑug] n. and adj. 1. stunted, dwarf ○ 2. as a noun, a dwarf ◇ Ety/375, WJ/388naugol [nˈɑugl̩] (naugl) n. dwarf ◇ Ety/375Diminutive form of naugnaugrim* [nˈɑugrim] n. class pl. of naug, dwarves ◇ WJ/388nawag [nˈɑwɑg] pl. neweg (neweig) n. dwarf ◇ Ety/375nogoth* [nˈɔgɔθ] pl. negyth* [nˈɛgyθ] (nœgyth*) n. dwarf, etym. "the stunted folk" ◇ S/435, WJ/338, WJ/388, WJ/408, WJ/413nogothrim* [nɔgˈɔθrim] n. class pl. of nogoth, dwarf-folk ◇ RGEO/75, UT/318, WJ/388

dwarfletnogotheg* [nˈɔgɔθɛg] n. dimin. of nogoth, "dwarflet", a name of the petty-dwarves ◇ WJ/388

dwelldortha- [dˈɔrθɑ] v. to dwell, stay ◈ dortho [dˈɔrθɔ] v. inf. of dortha-, to dwell, stay ◇ Ety/376

dwellingbar* [bˈɑr] pl. bair* [bˈɑjr] n. 1. dwelling, home ○ 2. by ext. inhabited land ◇ S/428, WR/379-80, SD/129-31groth* [grˈɔθ] n. 1. large excavation ○ 2. delving, underground dwelling ◇ WJ/415, S/431

eagerbara [bˈɑrɑ] adj. 1. fiery ○ 2. eager ◇ Ety/351

eaglethôr* I [θˈɔːr] n. Orn. eagle ← Belecthor S/322,365, LotR/A(ii), Ety/392thoron* [θˈɔrɔn] pl. theryn* [θˈɛryn] (therein) n. Orn. eagle ◇ Ety/392, S/438, X/Zthoronath* [θˈɔrɔnɑθ] n. coll. of thoron, eagles ◇ S/387, S/438

earlhaw* [ɬˈɑw] n. pl. Biol. ears (referring to one person's pair of ears only) ◇ Ety/368, LotR/II:IXlhewig [ɬˈɛwig] n. sing. of lhaw, Biol. ear ◇ Ety/368, LotR/II:IX

earthamar [ˈɑmɑr] (ambar) n. earth ◇ Ety/372cae* [kˈɑɛ] (coe) n. earth ◇ Ety/363, X/OEThis word is indeclinable, according to the Etymologiesceven* [kˈɛvɛn] n. Earth ◇ VT/44:21,27ennor* [ˈɛnnɔr] n. central land, middle-earth ◇ LotR/E, X/ND2ennorath* [ˈɛnnɔrɑθ] n. coll. of ennor, central lands, middle-earth ◇ LotR/E, LotR/II:I, RGEO/72-75

earthencefn [kˈɛvn] (cevn) adj. earthen ◇ Ety/363, X/Z

eastamrûn* [ˈɑmruːn] n. east, orient ◇ Ety/348, Ety/384, S/437, LotR/Erhûn* [ɹ̥ˈuːn] n. east ◇ Ety/384, S/436, LotR/Erhuven* [ɹ̥ˈuvɛn] (rhufen) n. Arch., Poet. east ◇ Ety/384, X/RH

easternrhúnen* [ɹ̥ˈuːnɛn] adj. eastern ← Talath Rhúnen S/420

eatmad- [mˈɑd] v. to eat ◈ medi [mˈɛdi] v. inf. of mad-, to eat ◇ Ety/371

eavesdroplathra-* [lˈɑθrɑ] v. to listen in, eavesdrop ◈ lathrada-* [lˈɑθrɑdɑ] v. to listen in, eavesdrop ◈ lathrado* [lˈɑθrɑdɔ] (lhathrado) v. inf. of lathrada-, to listen in, eavesdrop ◇ Ety/368, X/LHlathro* [lˈɑθrɔ] (lhathro) v. inf. of lathra-, to listen in, eavesdrop ◇ Ety/368, X/LH

eavesdropperlathron* [lˈɑθrɔn] (lhathron) n. hearer, listener, eavesdropper ◇ Ety/368, X/LHlethril* [lˈɛθril] (lhethril) n. f. hearer, listener, eavesdropper ◇ VT/45:26, X/LH

echoglamor [glˈɑmr̩] (glambr) n. echo ◇ Ety/358

echoingglamren [glˈɑmrɛn] adj. echoing ◇ Ety/358

eddyhwinia-* [ʍˈini.ɑ] v. to twirl, whirl, eddy ◈ hwinio* [ʍˈini.ɔ] (chwinio) v. inf. of hwinia-, to twirl, whirl, eddy ◇ Ety/388

edgelanc* III [lˈɑŋk] n. sharp edge (not of tools), sudden end (as a cliff-edge, or the clean edge of things made by hand or built) ◇ VT/42:8rîw* [rˈiːw] (rhîf) n. edge, hem, border ◇ Ety/383, X/RH

eighttoloth [tˈɔlɔθ] (tolodh*) adj. num. eight ◇ Ety/394, VT/42:25, VT/42:31Tolkien emended toloth to tolodh, cf. VT/42:31. If we are to follow him, a word such as tolothen would be incorrect, unless the two forms coexisted

eighthtollui* [tˈɔlluj] adj. num. eighth ◇ VT/42:25See also tolothentolothen* [tˈɔlɔθɛn] adj. num. eighth ← erin dolothen SD/129-31See also tollui

eldereinior* [ˈɛjni.ɔr] adj. elder ◇ PM/358

elephantannabon [ˈɑnnɑbɔn] (andabon) n. Zool. elephant ◇ Ety/372, X/ND2

elfcalben* [kˈɑlbɛn] pl. celbin* [kˈɛl̡bin] n. 1. elf of the Great Journey (lit. "light person") ○ 2. by ext. all Elves but the Avari ◇ WJ/362, WJ/376-377, WJ/408-409danwaith* [dˈɑnwɑjθ] n. Pop. the Nandor (a tribe of Elves) ◇ WJ/385denwaith* [dˈɛnwɑjθ] n. the Nandor (a tribe of Elves), the people of Denwe ◇ WJ/385dúnedhel* [dˈuːnɛðɛl̡] pl. dúnedhil* [dˈunːɛðil̡] n. elf of the West, elf of Beleriand (including Noldor and Sindar) ◇ WJ/378edhel* [ˈɛðɛl̡] pl. edhil* [ˈɛðil̡] n. elf ◇ Ety/356, S/430, WJ/363-364edhelharn* [ɛðˈɛl̡hɑrn] n. elf-stone ◇ SD/128-129egladhrim* [ɛglˈɑðrim] n. class pl. of eglan, "The Forsaken", Elves of the Falathrim ◇ WJ/189, WJ/365, WJ/379eglan* [ˈɛglɑn] pl. eglain* [ˈɛglɑjn] n. and adj. 1. forsaken ○ 2. as a noun, an elf of the Falathrim ◇ WJ/365, WJ/379-380egol* [ˈɛgl̩] n. someone forsaken, an elf of the Falathrim ← Eglath WJ/189, WJ/344elleth* [ˈɛl̡lɛθ] n. f. elf-maid ◇ WJ/148, WJ/256, WJ/363-364ellon* [ˈɛl̡lɔn] n. m. elf ◇ WJ/363-364elvellon* [ɛl̡vˈɛl̡lɔn] pl. elvellyn* [ɛl̡vˈɛl̡lyn] n. elf-friend ◇ WJ/412evair* [ˈɛvɑjr] n. pl. the Avari, a tribe of Elves ◇ WJ/380This plural name was known to the loremasters, but went out of daily use at the time of the Exilegaladhrim* [gɑlˈɑðrim] n. class pl. Elves of Lothlórien ◇ LotRglinnel* [glˈinnɛl̡] pl. glinnil* [glˈinnil̡] n. elf, one of the Teleri ◇ WJ/378, WJ/385gódhel* [gˈɔːðɛl̡] pl. gódhil* [ˈgɔːðil̡] n. "deep elf" or "gnome", one of the wise folk ◇ WJ/364, WJ/379gódhellim* [gɔːðˈɛl̡lim] n. class pl. of gódhel, "deep Elves" or "gnomes", the wise folk ◇ WJ/364golodh* [gˈɔlɔð] pl. gelydh* [gˈɛlyð] (gœlydh*, gœlœidh, geleidh) n. "deep elf" or "gnome", one of the wise folk ◇ Ety/377, S/431, WJ/364golodhrim* [gɔlˈɔðrim] n. class pl. of golodh, deep Elves, gnomes ◇ Ety/377, WJ/323iathrim* [jˈɑθrim] n. class pl. Elves of Doriath ◇ WJ/378lachenn* [lˈɑxɛnn] (lachend*) pl. lechenn* [lˈɛxinn] (lechind*) n. deep elf (Sindarin name for the Ñoldor) ◇ WJ/384, X/ND4laegel* [lˈɑɛgɛl̡] pl. laegil* [lˈɑɛgil̡] n. a green elf ◇ WJ/385laegrim* [lˈɑɛgrim] (laegeldrim*) n. class pl. of laegel, the people of the green Elves ◇ WJ/385miniel* [mˈini.ɛl̡] pl. mínil* [mˈiːnil̡] n. an elf, one of the Vanyar ◇ WJ/383mornedhel* [mˈɔrnɛðɛl̡] n. dark-elf ◇ WJ/377, WJ/380ódhel* [ˈɔːðɛl̡] pl. ódhil* [ˈɔːðil̡] n. deep elf or gnome, one of the wise folk ◇ WJ/364, WJ/366, WJ/378-379ódhellim* [ɔːðˈɛl̡lim] n. class pl. of ódhel, deep Elves or gnomes, the wise folk ◇ WJ/364tawarwaith* [tɑwˈɑrwɑjθ] n. class pl. silvan elves ◇ UT/256teler* [tˈɛlɛr] pl. telir* [tˈɛlir] n. an elf, one of the Teleri ◇ PM/385telerrim* [tɛlˈɛrrim] n. class pl. of teler, the Teleri, a tribe of Elves ◇ PM/385

elmlalf [lˈɑlv] pl. lelf [lˈɛl̡v] n. Bot. elm-tree ◇ Ety/348lalorn* [lˈɑlɔrn] (lhalorn) n. Bot. elm-tree ◇ Ety/367, X/LHlalven [lˈɑlvɛn] pl. lelvin [lˈɛl̡vin] n. Bot. elm-tree ◇ Ety/348lalwen* [lˈɑlwɛn] (lhalwen) pl. lelwin [lˈɛl̡win] n. Bot. elm-tree ◇ Ety/367, X/LH

elvishedhellen* [ɛðˈɛl̡lɛn] adj. elvish, of the Elves ◇ LotR/II:IV, RS/463

embersiûl [jˈuːl] n. embers ◇ Ety/400The word is classed as Old Noldorin (ON) in the Etymologies, but rather seems to be Noldorin

eminentorchal* [ˈɔrxl̩] (orchall, orchel) adj. 1. superior, lofty, eminent ○ 2. tall ◇ Ety/363, Ety/379, WJ/305In his article Probable errors in the Etymologies, Helge Fauskanger lists orchel as a misreading, following Christopher Tolkien's note admitting that the e is uncertain. However, though orchal is attested in WJ/305, it does not necessarily mean that the form orchel is incorrect. It might be constructed by analogy with words such as hathol "axe" (from WJ/234 and the name of a Númenórean, Hatholdir, UT:444), which is also found as hathal (in Hathaldir, name of a companion of Barahir, LR/433, untranslated but conceivably cognate) and hathel (LR/389). Without entering into the details, such words end with a syllabic consonant (as in English "people"), and several vocalizations are apparently possible in Sindarin. The epenthetical vowel is generally o, but it seems that a or e are also allowed. Regarding orchal, its origin is of course different, as it is a compound word where the second element clearly derives from KHAL, but it may be have been assimilated, later, to this class of words by analogy. We may therefore consider that orchel is a perfectly valid dialectal variant

employiuitha- [jˈujθɑ] v. to employ, to use ◈ iuitho [jˈujθɔ] v. inf. of iuitha-, to employ, to use ◇ Ety/400The gloss was hardly legible. Christopher Tolkien reads 'to enjoy' but the meaning 'to employ' is much more probable (cf. iuith)

emptycofn [kˈɔvn] (caun) adj. empty, void ◇ Ety/366lost* [lˈɔst] (lhost) adj. empty ◇ Ety/370, X/LH

encampmentestolad* [ˈɛstɔlɑd] n. encampment ◇ UT/77, S/396

enchantlútha-* [lˈuːθɑ] (lhútha-) v. to enchant ◇ Ety/370, X/LH

encirclingechor* [ˈɛxɔr] n. outer circle, encircling, outer ring ◇ LotR/V:I, LotR/Index, S/430

enclosegleina-* [glˈɛjnɑ] v. to bound, enclose, limit ◇ VT/42:8, VT/42:28This entry should perhaps read gleinia-, cf. VT/42:28, note 13

enclosurecerin* [kˈɛrin] n. 1. circular enclosure ○ 2. by ext. mound ◇ Ety/365, S/429

encouragementhûl [hˈuːl] n. cry of encouragement in battle ◇ Ety/386

endmeth [mˈɛθ] n. end ◇ Ety/373methed* [mˈɛθɛd] n. end ◇ UT/452methen [mˈɛθɛn] adj. end, final ◇ Ety/373, VT/45:34tele [tˈɛlɛ] pl. telei [tˈɛlɛj] n. end, rear, hindmost part ◇ Ety/392

endlessarnediad [ɑrnˈɛdi.ɑd] (arnœdiad*) adj. innumerable, countless, endless, without reckoning, numberless ◇ Ety/349, Ety/378, S/428aronoded [ɑrˈɔnɔdɛd] adj. innumerable, countless, endless ◇ Ety/378See also arnediad

endurancebronwe* [brˈɔnwɛ] n. endurance, lasting quality, faith ◇ Ety/353, SD/62

endurebrenia- [brˈɛni.ɑ] v. to endure ◈ brenio (corr. bronio) [brˈɛni.ɔ] v. inf. of brenia-, to endure ◇ Ety/353, VT/45:7dartha- [dˈɑrθɑ] v. to wait, stay, last, endure, remain ◇ Ety/353, VT/45:8

enduringbronadui [brˈɔnɑduj] adj. enduring, lasting ◇ Ety/353

enemycoth [kˈɔθ] n. 1. enmity ○ 2. enemy ◇ Ety/365

enlacedraen* II [rˈɑɛn] adj. nettled, enlaced ◇ VT/42:11

enlargepanna- I [pˈɑnnɑ] v. to open, to enlarge ◈ panno [pˈɑnnɔ] v. inf. of panna- I, to open, to enlarge ◇ Ety/380

enmeshgonathra- [gɔnˈɑθrɑ] v. to entangle, enmesh ◇ Ety/375

enmitycoth [kˈɔθ] n. 1. enmity ○ 2. enemy ◇ Ety/365

enoughfar [fˈɑr] adj. or adv. sufficient, enough, quite ◇ Ety/381farn [fˈɑrn] adj. or adv. enough ◇ Ety/381

entonod* [ˈɔnɔd] pl. enyd* [ˈɛnyd] n. ent ◇ LotR/F, Letters/224onodrim* [ɔnˈɔdrim] n. class pl. of onod, ents, as a race ◇ Letters/224, TC/165

entanglegonathra- [gɔnˈɑθrɑ] v. to entangle, enmesh ◇ Ety/375

entanglementgonathras [gɔnˈɑθrɑs] n. entanglement ◇ Ety/375

enterminna-* [mˈinnɑ] v. to enter ◈ minno* [mˈinnɔ] v. imp. of minna-, enter! (lit. to the inside!) ◇ LotR/II:IVneledhia- [nɛlˈɛði.ɑ] (neledhi) v. to enter ◇ TAI/150, HL/77Hammond and Scull apparently understand this word as a derivative of neledh "three", hence their translation neledh neledhi "three by three". However, we have shown in Hiswelókë (third issue, pp. 74-78) that this word is conceivably a verb derived from LED "to go". The prefix ne- also occurs in nestegi "to insert, stick in"

envelopeui [ˈuj] n. envelope, especially of the Outer Sea or Air enfolding the world within the Ilurambar or world-walls ◇ Ety/397

errantraun* [rˈɑun] (rhaun) adj. errant ◇ Ety/383, X/RH

errormist [mˈist] n. error, wandering ◇ Ety/373mistad* [mˈistɑd] (mistrad) n. straying, error ◇ Ety/373, X/Z

especialedregol* [ˈɛdrɛgl̩] adv. in especial ◇ SD/129-31

establishtangada- [tˈɑŋgɑdɑ] v. to make firm, confirm, establish ◈ tangado [tˈɑŋgɑdɔ] v. inf. of tangada-, to make firm, confirm, establish ◇ Ety/389

estuaryethir* I [ˈɛθir] n. mouth of river, estuary ◇ LotR/II:X, Ety/356

eternaluireb [ˈujrɛb] adj. eternal ◇ Ety/379

eternityuir [ˈujr] n. eternity ◇ Ety/379

eveningaduial* [ɑdˈuj.ɑl] n. the evening, time of star-opening, "evendim" ◇ LotR/D* [dˈuː] n. nightfall, late evening, night, dimness ◇ Ety/354, S/430, VT/45:9thin [θˈin] n. Poet. evening ◇ Ety/392thinna- [θˈinnɑ] v. to fade, to grow towards evening ◇ Ety/392The punctuation in The Etymologies is considered incorrect (the full dot after this word should conceivably be a comma)

everui-* [uj] pref. ever ← uidafnen, uilos (see these words)

evilum [ˈum] adj. bad, evil ◇ Ety/396

exaltedarth* [ˈɑrθ] adj. (unknown meaning, perhaps noble, lofty, exalted) ← Arthedain LotRhall I [hˈɑll] adj. exalted, high ◇ Ety/363

excavaterosta- [rˈɔstɑ] v. to hollow out, excavate ◈ rosto [rˈɔstɔ] v. inf. of rosta-, to hollow out, excavate ◇ Ety/384

excavationgroth* [grˈɔθ] n. 1. large excavation ○ 2. delving, underground dwelling ◇ WJ/415, S/431

exclamationelo* [ˈɛlɔ] interj. an exclamation of wonder, admiration, delight ◇ WJ/362

excludedsaid* [sˈɑjd] adj. private, separate, not common, excluded ◇ VT/42:20

exileedledhia-* [ɛdlˈɛði.ɑ] v. to go into exile ◈ edledhio* [ɛdlˈɛði.ɔ] (egledhio (corr. eglehio), egledhi) v. inf. of edledhia-, go into exile ◇ Ety/368, X/TLedledhron* [ɛdlˈɛðrɔn] (egledhron) n. exile (person who is exiled) ◇ Ety/368, X/TL

exilededlenn* [ˈɛdlɛnn] (eglenn) adj. exiled ◇ Ety/368, X/TL

expressionthîr* [θˈiːr] n. look, face, expression, countenance ◇ Ety/392, VT/41:10

eyehen* II [hˈɛn] (hend*, henn*, hên) pl. hin* [hˈin] (hîn) n. Biol. eye ◇ Ety/364, LotR/II:IX, WR/128, X/ND1heneb* [hˈɛnɛb] adj. of eye, eyed, having eyes ← maecheneb "sharp-eyed", WJ/337heneb* [hˈɛnɛb] adj. of eye, eyed, having eyes ← maecheneb "sharp-eyed", WJ/337

facenîf [nˈiːv] n. front, face ◇ Ety/378thîr* [θˈiːr] n. look, face, expression, countenance ◇ Ety/392, VT/41:10

fadethinna- [θˈinnɑ] v. to fade, to grow towards evening ◇ Ety/392The punctuation in The Etymologies is considered incorrect (the full dot after this word should conceivably be a comma)

fadingpeleth* [pˈɛlɛθ] n. fading, withering ← Narbeleth LotR/Dpelin [pˈɛlin] n. fading, withering ← Lhasbelin Ety/366

faintnesshwîn* [ʍˈiːn] (chwîn) n. giddiness, faintness ◇ Ety/388, X/HW

fairbain* [bˈɑjn] (bein) adj. beautiful, fair ◇ Ety/351, Ety/359, X/EIfael* I [fˈɑɛl] adj. fair minded, just, generous ◇ PM/352

faithbronwe* [brˈɔnwɛ] n. endurance, lasting quality, faith ◇ Ety/353, SD/62

faithfulsador* [sˈɑdr̩] n. faithful one ← Sador (name)Sador was Túrin's faithful servant. The meaning of this noun is deduced from sadron, assuming that these words are in the same kind of relation as hador and hadronsadron* [sˈɑdrɔn] pl. sedryn* [sˈɛdryn] n. faithful one ◇ UT/431See also sador

falldanna-* [dˈɑnnɑ] pa. t. dant* [dˈɑnt] v. to fall ◇ Ety/354, X/ZWritten dant- in the Etymologiesdant* I [dˈɑnt] n. fall ◇ MR/373lant* II [lˈɑnt] n. fall ← Lanthir S/406, PM/349

fallendannen [dˈɑnnɛn] pp. of danna-, fallen ◇ Ety/354

fallingtalt [tˈɑlt] adj. slipping, falling, insecure ◇ Ety/390

fallowmaidh [mˈɑjð] (meidh) adj. pale, fallow, fawn ◇ Ety/371, X/EImalu* [mˈɑlu] (malw) adj. fallow, pale ◇ Ety/386, X/W

familynoss* [nˈɔss] (nos) n. kindred, family, clan ◇ Ety/378, PM/320nost* [nˈɔst] n. kindred, family, house ◇ PM/360See also nossnothrim* [nˈɔθrim] n. class pl. kindred, family, house ← Nothrim [> Nost] Finarfin PM/360The word was rejected in favor of nost, but it may be interpreted as a valid class plural "those of the house"

faneiaun [jˈɑun] n. holy place, fane, sanctuary ◇ Ety/400

fangcarch* [kˈɑrx] n. tooth, fang ◇ Ety/362, S/429

fantastichwiniol* [ʍˈini.ɔl] (chwiniol) part. of hwinia-, whirling, giddy, fantastic ◇ Ety/388

farhae* [hˈɑɛ] adj. far, remote, distant ← Gwahaedir PM/186, VT/45:21haeron* [hˈɑɛrɔn] adj. far, remote, distant ◇ PM/273palan-* [pˈɑlɑn] adv. afar, abroad, far and wide ◇ LotR/II:I, LotR/IV:X, RGEO/72-74

fashionechad- [ˈɛxɑd] pa. t. echant* [ˈɛxɑnt] v. to fashion, make ◈ echedi [ˈɛxɛdi] v. inf. of echad-, to fashion, make ◇ Ety/363, LotR/II:IV

fastavorn* [ˈɑvɔrn] adj. staying, fast ← Baravorn Hamfast, SD/129-31

fastentaetha- [tˈɑɛθɑ] v. to fasten, tie ◈ taetho [tˈɑɛθɔ] v. inf. of taetha-, to fasten, tie ◇ Ety/389

fattûg [tˈuːg] adj. thick, fat ◇ Ety/394

fateamarth* [ˈɑmɑrθ] (ammarth) n. fate, doom ◇ Ety/372, S/427, LotR/A(i), TC/183manadh [mˈɑnɑð] n. 1. doom, final end, fate, fortune ○ 2. by ext. final bliss ◇ Ety/371

fatherada [ˈɑdɑ] n. hypo. of adar, father, daddy ◇ Ety/349adar* [ˈɑdɑr] pl. edair* [ˈɛdɑjr] (eder, edeir) n. father ◇ Ety/349, PM/324, MR/373, LotR/II:II, VT/44:21-22, X/EI

fathomraew* [rˈɑɛw] (rhaew) n. fathom ◇ Ety/382, X/RH

fawnmaidh [mˈɑjð] (meidh) adj. pale, fallow, fawn ◇ Ety/371, X/EI

fearachas* [ˈɑxɑs] n. dread, fear ← Daerachas WJ/187This might also be *gachas, mutated in compositiondel [ˈdɛl̡] n. fear, disgust, loathing, horror ◇ Ety/355goe* [gˈɔɛ] n. terror, great fear ◇ PM/363gosta- [gˈɔstɑ] v. to fear exceedingly ◇ Ety/359niphred* [nˈifrɛd] (nifred) n. pallor, fear ◇ Ety/378, S/435, X/PH

feastmereth* [mˈɛrɛθ] n. feast, festival ◇ Ety/372, S/434The word was changed to bereth in the Etymologies, but was never changed in the texts (cf. Mereth Aderthad and the compound Merethrond)

featcardh II [kˈɑrð] n. deed, feat ◇ Ety/362Dialectal carth

februarynínui* [nˈiːnuj] n. and adj. 1. watery ○ 2. Cal. as a noun, the month of february ◇ LotR/D

felldelu* [dˈɛlu] (delw) adj. hateful, deadly, fell ◇ Ety/355, X/W

fellowshipgovannasn. fellowship ◇ [PJ-Movie]Dialogs: Lórien Dialog II, FotR DVD extended version (source: Gwaith i Phethdain)

femaleinu* [ˈinu] (inw) adj. female ◇ Ety/361, X/W

fencecail* [kˈɑjl] n. fence or palisade of spikes and sharp stakes ◇ UT/282ephel* [ˈɛffɛl̡] n. outer fence, encircling fence ◇ S/436, LotR/Eiâth* [jˈɑːθ] n. fence ◇ S/433, WJ/369thora- [θˈɔrɑ] v. to fence ◈ thoro- [θˈɔrɔ] v. inf. of thora-, to fence ◇ Ety/393

fencedthoren [θˈɔrɛn] pp. of thora-, fenced ◇ Ety/393

fenland* [lˈɔː] n. shallow lake, fenland ◇ UT/263

festivalmereth* [mˈɛrɛθ] n. feast, festival ◇ Ety/372, S/434The word was changed to bereth in the Etymologies, but was never changed in the texts (cf. Mereth Aderthad and the compound Merethrond)

festivemeren [mˈɛrɛn] adj. festive, gay, joyous ◇ Ety/372The word was changed to beren in the Etymologies, but meren would be restored together with mereth

fetchtoltha- [tˈɔlθɑ] v. to fetch, to summon, make come ◈ toltho [tˈɔlθɔ] v. inf. of toltha-, to fetch, to summon, make come ◇ Ety/395

fieldparth* [pˈɑrθ] n. field, enclosed grassland ◇ UT/260, PM/330pel [pˈɛl̡] pl. peli [pˈɛli] n. fenced field (Old English tún) ◇ Ety/380sant* [sˈɑnt] n. garden, field, yard, or other place in private ownership whether enclosed or not ◇ VT/42:20talf* II [tˈɑlv] n. flat field, flat land ← Nindalf TC/195, LotR/Map

fiercebrêg (corr. brerg) [brˈɛːg] adj. wild, fierce ◇ Ety/373bregol [brˈɛgɔl] adj. violent, sudden, fierce ◇ Ety/352, Ety/373

fiercenessbregolas [brˈɛgɔlɑs] n. fierceness ◇ Ety/352

fierybara [bˈɑrɑ] adj. 1. fiery ○ 2. eager ◇ Ety/351nórui* [nˈɔːruj] n. and adj. 1. sunny, fiery ○ 2. Cal. as a noun, the month of june ◇ LotR/D

fifthlefnui* [lˈɛvnuj] (lhefneg) adj. num. fifth ◇ WR/436, VT/42:25, TI/312

fightmaeth [mˈɑɛθ] n. battle, fight (not of general host but of two or a few) ◇ Ety/371maetha- [mˈɑɛθɑ] v. to fight ◇ Ety/371

filamentlhê* [ɬˈɛː] (thlê) n. fine thread, spider filament ◇ Ety/386, X/LH

fillpanna- II [pˈɑnnɑ] (pannod) v. to fill ◇ Ety/366, X/Zpathra- [pˈɑθrɑ] v. to fill ◈ pathro [pˈɑθrɔ] v. inf. of pathra-, to fill ◇ Ety/366

finalmethen [mˈɛθɛn] adj. end, final ◇ Ety/373, VT/45:34

finebrand [brˈɑnd] (brann) adj. 1. lofty, noble, fine ○ 2. high (in size) ◇ Ety/351, TAI/150, X/ND1lhind* II [ɬˈind] (thlind, thlinn) adj. fine, slender ◇ Ety/386, X/LH, X/ND1trîw [trˈiːw] adj. fine, slender ◇ Ety/392

fingerlebed* [lˈɛbɛd] (lhebed) n. finger ◇ Ety/368, X/LH

firenaur* [nˈɑur] n. 1. flame ○ 2. fire ◇ Ety/374, S/435, LotR/II:IVûr I [ˈuːr] n. fire, heat ◇ Ety/396

firmtanc [tˈɑŋk] adj. firm ◇ Ety/389tangada- [tˈɑŋgɑdɑ] v. to make firm, confirm, establish ◈ tangado [tˈɑŋgɑdɔ] v. inf. of tangada-, to make firm, confirm, establish ◇ Ety/389thala [θˈɑlɑ] adj. stalwart, steady, firm ◇ Ety/388thenid [θˈɛnid] adj. firm, true, abiding ◇ Ety/388thenin [θˈɛnin] adj. firm, true, abiding ◇ Ety/388

firmamentmenel* [mˈɛnɛl̡] n. sky, high heaven, firmament, the region of the stars ◇ LotR/II:I, LotR/IV:X, LB/354, RGEO/72, VT/44:21,23-24

firsterui* [ˈɛruj] adj. 1. single, alone ○ 2. by ext. first (incorrect use by the Gondorians) ◇ TI/312, WR/436, VT/42:10The proper word for first in Sindarin was minuimain* [m'ɑjn] (mein) adj. num. first, (only in the sense of) prime, chief, pre-eminent ◇ VT/42:25minui* [mˈinuj] adj. num. first ◇ VT/42:25

fishlim* III [lˈim] (lhim, lhimb) n. Zool. fish ◇ Ety/369, X/LH

fistdrambor [drˈɑm.bɔr] n. 1. clenched fist ○ 2. by ext. blow with fist ◇ Ety/354paur* [pˈɑur] n. fist (often used to mean "hand"; its chief use was in reference of the tighly closed hand, as in using an implement or a craft-tool, rather than to the fist used in punching) ◇ Ety/366, S/429, PM/179, PM/318

fitmaer [mˈɑɛr] adj. useful, fit, good (of things) ◇ Ety/371

fiveleben* [lˈɛbɛn] (lheben) adj. num. five ◇ Ety/368, TAI/150, VT/42:24-25, X/LH

fixpenia- [pˈɛni.ɑ] v. to fix, to set ◈ penio [pˈɛni.ɔ] v. inf. of penia-, to fix, to set ◇ Ety/380

flamelach* [lˈɑx] (lhach) n. leaping flame ◇ S/433, X/LHlacha-* [lˈɑxɑ] v. to flame ◈ lacho* [lˈɑxɔ] v. imp. of lacha-, flame! ◇ UT/65naur* [nˈɑur] n. 1. flame ○ 2. fire ◇ Ety/374, S/435, LotR/II:IV

flapblab- [blˈɑb] v. to beat, batter, flap (wings, etc.) ◈ blebi [blˈɛbi] v. inf. of blab-, to beat, batter, flap (wings, etc.) ◇ Ety/380

flattalu* [tˈɑlu] (dalw) adj. flat ◇ Ety/353, X/W

fleedrega-* [drˈɛgɑ] v. to flee ◈ Only the imperative drego is attested. Therefore, the verb may also be dreg- (inf. dregi)drego* [drˈɛgɔ] v. imp. of drega-, flee! ◇ UT/65

fleshrhaw* III [ɹ̥ˈɑw] n. flesh, body ◇ MR/350

floatloda-* [lˈɔdɑ] (lhoda-) v. to float ◇ Ety/370, X/LH

floorpân I [pˈɑːn] pl. pain* [pˈɑjn] (pein) n. plank, fixed board, especially in floor ◇ Ety/380, X/EIpanas [pˈɑnɑs] n. floor ◇ Ety/380talaf [tˈɑlɑv] pl. telaif* [tˈɛlɑjv] (teleif) n. ground, floor ◇ Ety/390, X/EI

flowrib-* [rˈib] (rhib-) v. to flow like a (torrent ?) ◇ Ety/384, X/RHThe reading of the gloss is uncertainsiria- [sˈiri.ɑ] v. to flow ◈ sirio [sˈiri.ɔ] v. inf. of siria-, to flow ◇ Ety/385

floweralfirin* [ˈɑlfirin] n. and adj. 1. immortal ○ 2. Bot. as a noun, name of a flower, bell-like and running through many soft and gentle colours ○ 3. Bot. as a noun, also used for another small white flower ◇ LotR/V:IX, Letters/402, UT/55, UT/303, UT/316, UT/417edlothia-* [ɛdlˈɔθi.ɑ] v. to blossom, flower ← edlothiand WR/293, X/TLThe sentence from WR/293 is hardly legible and is not translated, but this word is however a plausible formeirien* [ˈɛjri.ɛn] n. Bot. daisy (flower) ◇ SD/129-31elanor* [ˈɛlɑnɔr] n. Bot. a flower, a kind of enlarged pimpernel bearing golden and silver flowers ◇ LotR/VI:IX, UT/432, Letters/402elloth* [ˈɛl̡lɔθ] n. Bot. (single) flower ◇ VT/42:18goloth* [gˈɔlɔθ] n. Bot. inflorescence, a head of small flowers ◇ VT/42:18gwaloth [gwˈɑlɔθ] n. Bot. blossom, collection of flowers ◇ Ety/370loth* [lˈɔθ] (lhoth) n. Bot. flower, inflorescence, a head of small flowers ◇ Ety/370, LB/354, VT/42:18, X/LHThe noun is collective, a single flower being lotheglotheg* [lˈɔθɛg] n. sing. of loth, Bot. (single) flower ◇ VT/42:18mallos* [mˈɑllɔs] n. Bot. a golden flower ◇ UT/451, Letters/248meril* [mˈɛril̡] n. Bot. rose (flower) ◇ SD/129-31ninglor* [nˈiŋglɔr] n. Bot. golden water-flower, gladden ◇ UT/280-81, UT/450nínim [nˈiːnim] n. Bot. snowdrop (flower) ◇ Ety/367niphredil* [nˈifrɛdil̡] (nifredil) n. Bot. a pale winter flower, snowdrop ◇ Ety/376, Ety/378, LotR/II:VI, Letters/402, X/PHseregon* [sˈɛrɛgɔn] n. Bot. "Blood of Stone", a plant of the kind called in English "stonecrop", with deep red flowers, that grew on Amon Rûdh ◇ S/437uilos* [ˈujlɔs] n. and adj. 1. always white, ever white as snow ○ 2. Bot. as a noun, a small white everlasting flower also called simbelmynë, evermind, alfirin ◇ RGEO/74, Letters/278, UT/55See also alfirin

floweringedlothiad* [ɛdlˈɔθi.ɑd] ger. of edlothia-, blossoming, flowering ← edlothiand WR/293Actually, edlothiand might be a misreading, according to David Salo who checked the original manuscript at Marquette and reported that his reading was unmistakably edlothiad

flowingcell* [kˈɛl̡l] adj. 1. running ○ 2. by ext. flowing (of water) ← Celduin LotR/Map

flyrevia-* [rˈɛvi.ɑ] v. 1. to fly, sail ○ 2. to wander ◈ revio* [rˈɛvi.ɔ] (rhevio (corr. rhenio)) v. inf. of revia-, 1. to fly, sail ○ 2. to wander ◇ Ety/382, X/RH

foamfalf [fˈɑlv] n. foam, breaker ◇ Ety/381faltha- [fˈɑlθɑ] v. to foam ◈ faltho [fˈɑlθɔ] v. inf. of faltha-, to foam ◇ Ety/381

foamingespalass [ˈɛspɑlɑss] n. foaming, (?)fall (reading of gloss uncertain) ◇ Ety/381

foegûdn. foe ◇ [PJ-Movie]Inscription on Aragorn's Hunting Knife and Glamdring, Official Movie Magazine #2 (source: Gwaith i Phethdain)

foghîth* [hˈiːθ] (hith) n. mist, fog ◇ Ety/364, S/432hithu* [hˈiθu] (hithw) n. fog ◇ Ety/364, X/Wmith I [mˈiθ] n. white fog, wet mist ◇ Ety/373

foggyhethu* [hˈɛθu] (hethw) adj. foggy, obscure, vague ◇ Ety/364, X/W

followaphad-* [ˈɑffɑd] v. to follow ◇ WJ/387In WJ/387, the verbal stem is given as aphad-, and the etymology as *ap-pata. If we follow the latter, the verb should perhaps read aphada-

followeraphadon* [ˈɑffɑdɔn] pl. ephedyn* [ˈɛffɛdyn] n. 1. follower ○ 2. by ext. man (elvish name for men) ◇ WJ/387aphadrim* [ɑffˈɑdrim] n. class pl. of aphadon, followers, men (elvish name for men) ◇ WJ/387bŷr* I [bˈyːr] (bior, beor) n. follower, vassal ◇ Ety/352, X/IUechil* [ˈɛxil̡] n. 1. follower ○ 2. by ext. human being ◇ WJ/219

foodaes [ˈɑɛs] n. cooked food, meat ◇ Ety/349

footprintrein* I [rˈɛjn] (rhein, rhœin) n. slot, spoor, track, footprint ◇ Ety/384, X/RH

footstooltharas [θˈɑrɑs] n. hassock, footstool ◇ Ety/388

foran* [ɑn] prep. to, towards, for ◇ LotR/II:IV, UT/39, SD/129-31With suffixed article and elision in aglar'ni Pheriannath

fordathrad* [ˈɑθrɑd] pl. ethraid* [ˈɛθrɑjd] n. (river-)crossing, ford, way ◇ Ety/349, Ety/383, UT/437iach* [jˈɑx] n ford, crossing ← Arossiach S/382, Brithiach S/286, Cirith Ninniach S/387

foresttaur* II [tˈɑur] n. great wood, forest ◇ Ety/391, S/420, S/438tawar* [tˈɑwɑr] n. 1. wood (as a material) ○ 2. by ext. great wood, forest ← Tawar-in-Drúedain UT/467, Ety/391

forestertauron* [tˈɑurɔn] n. forester ◇ S/421, PM/258

forgivedíhena-* [dˈiːhɛnɑ] v. to forgive (with matter forgiven as object?) ◇ VT/44:29See also gohena-díheno* [dˈiːhɛnɔ] v. imp. of díhena-, forgive! ◇ VT/44:21,28gohena-* [gˈɔhɛnɑ] v. to forgive (with person forgiven as object?) ◇ VT/44:29See also díhena-

forkedthanc* [θˈɑŋk] adj. cleft, split, forked ← Orthanc S/415, Ety/388

formationdírnaith* [dˈiːrnɑjθ] n. Mil. a military wedge-formation launched over a short distance against an enemy massing but not yet arrayed, or against a defensive formation on open ground ◇ UT/282

formedcadu* [kˈɑdu] (cadw) adj. shaped, formed ◇ Ety/362-363, X/W

formeriaur* [jˈɑur] adj. 1. ancient, old, original ○ 2. older, former ◇ Ety/358, Ety/399, S/433, UT/384

forsakeawartha- [ɑwˈɑrθɑ] v. to forsake, abandon ◇ Ety/397

forsakeneglan* [ˈɛglɑn] pl. eglain* [ˈɛglɑjn] n. and adj. 1. forsaken ○ 2. as a noun, an elf of the Falathrim ◇ WJ/365, WJ/379-380egol* [ˈɛgl̩] n. someone forsaken, an elf of the Falathrim ← Eglath WJ/189, WJ/344

fortgarth [gˈɑrθ] n. fort, fortress ◇ Ety/360minas* [mˈinɑs] (minnas) n. 1. tower ○ 2. by ext. fort, city with a citadel and central watch-tower ◇ Ety/373, S/434, VT/42:24

forthed- [ɛd] pref. forth, out ◇ Ety/356

fortressbarad* II [bˈɑrɑd] pl. beraid* [bˈɛrɑjd] n. tower, fortress ◇ Ety/351, S/428, LotR/Bgarth [gˈɑrθ] n. fort, fortress ◇ Ety/360ost* [ˈɔst] n. 1. city, town with wall round ○ 2. fortress or stronghold, made or strenghtened by art ◇ Ety/379, S/435, WJ/414othronn* [ˈɔθrɔnn] (othrond*) n. fortress or city in underground caves, underground stronghold ◇ Ety/379, Ety/384, WJ/414, X/ND4

fortunegalu* [gˈɑlu] (galw) n. (?) blessings, (?) blessedness, (?) good fortune(?) (meaning not entirely clear) ◇ Ety/357, X/Wmanadh [mˈɑnɑð] n. 1. doom, final end, fate, fortune ○ 2. by ext. final bliss ◇ Ety/371

fourcanad* [kˈɑnɑd] adj. num. four ◇ Ety/362, VT/42:24,25

fourthcanthui* [kˈɑnθuj] adj. num. fourth ◇ VT/42:25,27

foxrusc* [rˈusk] n. Zool. fox ◇ VT/41:10

freelain* I [lˈɑjn] (lhein, lhain) adj. free, freed ◇ Ety/368, X/LH

freedlain* I [lˈɑjn] (lhein, lhain) adj. free, freed ◇ Ety/368, X/LH

freeingleithian* [lˈɛjθi.ɑn] (lheithian) n. release, freeing, release from bondage ◇ Ety/368, S/406, X/LH

frequentrem* II [rˈɛm] (rhem, rhemb) adj. frequent, numerous ◇ Ety/383, X/RH

freshlaeb* [lˈɑɛb] (lhoeb) adj. fresh ◇ Ety/368, X/OE, X/LHlaeg* II [lˈɑɛg] adj. 'viridis' fresh and green ◇ Letters/282, Letters/382Seldom used (replaced by calen)

friendelvellon* [ɛl̡vˈɛl̡lɔn] pl. elvellyn* [ɛl̡vˈɛl̡lyn] n. elf-friend ◇ WJ/412meldir [mˈɛl̡dir] n. m. friend ◇ Ety/372meldis [mˈɛl̡dis] n. f. friend ◇ Ety/372mellon* [mˈɛl̡lɔn] pl. mellyn* [mˈɛl̡lyn] n. friend ◇ Ety/372, LotR/II:IV, SD/129-31, Letters/424

friendlymilui [mˈiluj] adj. friendly, loving, kind ◇ Ety/372

friendshipgwend II [gwˈɛnd] n. bond, friendship ◇ Ety/397-398, X/ND1

frogcabor [kˈɑbr̩] (cabr) n. Zool. frog ◇ Ety/362

fromo* I [ɔ] (od*) prep. from, of; preposition (as a proclitic) used in either direction, from or to the point of view of the speaker ◇ Ety/360, WJ/366, WJ/369-70, LotR/II:IV, SD/129-31, RGEO/72According to WJ/366, the preposition "is normally o in all positions, though od appears occasionally before vowels, especially before o-". With a suffixed article, see also uin

frontnîf [nˈiːv] n. front, face ◇ Ety/378

fullpant* [pˈɑnt] adj. full ◇ Ety/366, SD/129-31

fullnesspathred [pˈɑθrɛd] n. fullness ◇ Ety/366

fungushwand [ʍˈɑnd] (chwand, chwann) n. sponge, fungus ◇ Ety/388, X/ND1, X/HW

furheleth [hˈɛlɛθ] n. fur, fur-coat ◇ Ety/386helf [hˈɛl̡v] n. fur ◇ Ety/386

gapdîn II [dˈiːn] n. opening, gap, pass in mountains ◇ Ety/354gas [gˈɑs] n. hole, gap ◇ Ety/357

gardensant* [sˈɑnt] n. garden, field, yard, or other place in private ownership whether enclosed or not ◇ VT/42:20

garland* [rˈiː] (rhî) n. crown, wreath, garland ◇ Ety/383, PM/347, X/RH

garmenthamp [hˈɑmp] n. garment ◇ Ety/363

gateannon* [ˈɑnnɔn] pl. ennyn* [ˈɛnnyn] n. great door or gate ◇ Ety/348, S/428, LotR/II:IV, TAI/150

gatewayfennas* [fˈɛnnɑs] n. doorway, gateway ◇ LotR/II:IV, RS/463, RGEO/75

gaygelir* [gˈɛlir] n. merry, happy, gay person ◇ SD/129-31meren [mˈɛrɛn] adj. festive, gay, joyous ◇ Ety/372The word was changed to beren in the Etymologies, but meren would be restored together with mereth

gazetir- [tˈir] v. to watch, to gaze, look at ◈ tiri [tˈiri] v. inf. of tir-, to watch, to gaze, look at ◇ Ety/394tiria- [tˈiri.ɑ] pa. t. tiriant [tˈiri.ɑnt] v. to watch, to gaze, look at ◇ Ety/394tirio [tˈiri.ɔ] v. inf. of tiria-, to watch, to gaze, look at ◇ Ety/394

gazedtíriel* [tˈiːri.ɛl̡] perf. of tiria-, having gazed ◇ LotR/II:I, LotR/IV:X, RGEO/72-74

gazingtiriel* [tˈiri.ɛl̡] part. of tiria-, gazing ◇ LotR/II:I, LotR/IV:X, RGEO/72-74

generousfael* I [fˈɑɛl] adj. fair minded, just, generous ◇ PM/352

germeredh [ˈɛrɛð] n. seed, germ ◇ Ety/356

giddinesshwîn* [ʍˈiːn] (chwîn) n. giddiness, faintness ◇ Ety/388, X/HW

giddyhwiniol* [ʍˈini.ɔl] (chwiniol) part. of hwinia-, whirling, giddy, fantastic ◇ Ety/388

giftant [ˈɑnt] n. gift ◇ Ety/348

girdlelest* [lˈɛst] n. girdle ◇ WJ/333, WJ/225, WJ/228

girliell [jˈɛl̡l] n. f. 1. daughter ○ 2. girl, maid ◇ Ety/385, Ety/400Stated to be an alteration of sell, remodelled after ion "son" (OS *jondo). It was "a change assisted by the loss of s in compounds and patronymics", hence the ending -iel in several feminine wordssell [sˈɛl̡l] n. f. 1. daughter ○ 2. girl, maid (child) ◇ Ety/385

giveanna- [ˈɑnnɑ] v. to give ◈ anno I [ˈɑnnɔ] v. inf. of anna-, to give ◇ Ety/348anno* II [ˈɑnnɔ] v. imp. of anna-, give! ◇ VT/44:21,27

giveroneth* [ˈɔnɛθ] n. f. giver ← besoneth PM/404-05

gladdenninglor* [nˈiŋglɔr] n. Bot. golden water-flower, gladden ◇ UT/280-81, UT/450

glanceglinna-* [glˈinnɑ] (glintha-*) n. to glance at ◇ WJ/337, X/ZThe form glintha- is theorically impossible in Sindarin, and can only be regarded as an (earlier) Old Sindarin form: according to our current understanding of the Sindarin phonology, it should evolve into glinna-

glasscenedril [kɛnˈɛdril̡] n. looking-glass, mirror ◇ TI/184, RS/466heledh* [hˈɛlɛd] n. glass ◇ S/433

gleamglîn* [glˈiːn] (glînn*) n. gleam, glint (usually of fine slender but bright shafts of light; particularly applied to light of eyes) ◇ WJ/337, S/431

glimmeringgael [gˈɑɛl] adj. pale, glimmering ◇ Ety/358

glintglîn* [glˈiːn] (glînn*) n. gleam, glint (usually of fine slender but bright shafts of light; particularly applied to light of eyes) ◇ WJ/337, S/431tinna- [tˈinnɑ] v. to glint ◈ tinno [tˈinnɔ] v. inf. of tinna-, to glint ◇ Ety/393

glisterthilia- [θˈili.ɑ] v. to glister ◈ thilio [θˈili.ɔ] v. inf. of thilia-, to glister ◇ Ety/392The Etymologies erroneously class this word as Quenya

glitteringgalad* [gˈɑlɑd] n. light, radiance, glittering, reflection (from jewels, glass or polished metal, or water) ◇ VT/45:13, PM/347, Letters/425silivren* [silˈivrɛn] adj. (white) glittering ◇ LotR/II:I, RGEO/72

globecoron* [kˈɔrɔn] n. 1. globe, ball ○ 2. by ext. mound ◇ Ety/365, S/429

globedcorn [kˈɔrn] adj. round, globed ◇ Ety/365

gloomdaw [dˈɑw] n. night-time, gloom ◇ Ety/354fuin* [fˈujn] n. night, dead of night, gloom, darkness ◇ Ety/354, Ety/382, S/431maur [mˈɑur] n. gloom ◇ Ety/373

gloomydem [dˈɛm] adj. sad, gloomy ◇ Ety/354No language indication in the Etymologies, but Noldorin from context and phonological evidencedofn [dˈɔvn] adj. gloomy ◇ Ety/355

glorifyegleria-* [ɛglˈɛri.ɑ] v. to glorify, to praise ◈ eglerio* [ɛglˈɛri.ɔ] v. imp. of egleria-, glorify! praise! ◇ LotR/VI:IV, Letters/308

gloriousaglareb* [ˈɑglɑrɛb] adj. glorious ◇ Ety/348, S/427, WJ/412

gloryaglar* [ˈɑglɑr] n. glory, brilliance ◇ Ety/348, S/427, LotR/II:I, LotR/VI:IV, RGEO/73claur [klˈɑur] n. Poet. splendour, glory ◇ Ety/362

gobletsûl II [sˈuːl] n. goblet ◇ Ety/388

goblinorch* [ˈɔrx] pl. yrch* [ˈyrx] (eirch, erch) n. goblin, Orc ◇ Ety/379, LR/406, WJ/390, LotR/II:VI, LotR/F, Letters/178

goldcôl [kˈɔːl] n. gold (metal) ◇ Ety/365mall* [mˈɑlt] (malt) n. gold (as metal) ◇ Ety/386, X/LDmallen [mˈɑllɛn] adj. of gold ◇ Ety/386malthen [mˈɑlθɛn] adj. of gold, golden ◇ Ety/386

goldenmalthen [mˈɑlθɛn] adj. of gold, golden ◇ Ety/386

goodmaer [mˈɑɛr] adj. useful, fit, good (of things) ◇ Ety/371

goosegwaun [gwˈɑun] pl. goen* [gˈɔɛn] (guin) n. Orn. goose ◇ Ety/397, X/Z

gorenaith* [nˈɑjθ] pl. natsai [nˈɑtsɑj] n. any formation or projection tapering to a point: a spearhead, gore, wedge, narrow promontory, triangle ◇ Ety/387, UT/282

gorgecabed* [kˈɑbɛd] ger. of cab-, 1. leap ○ 2. by ext. deep gorge ◇ S/386, WJ/100Emended by Tolkien from earlier cabad. This is our sole late example that basic verbs should perhaps form their gerund in -ed, whereas derived verbs are well attested to use -ad (cf. aderthad)cîl [kˈiːl] n. cleft, pass between hills, gorge ◇ Ety/365

grassthâr [θˈɑːr] n. stiff grass ◇ Ety/388

grasslandnan* [nˈɑn] (nand*, nann) n. 1. wide grassland, land at foot of hills with many streams ○ 2. by ext. valley ◇ Ety/374, S/435, Letters/308, VT/45:36, X/ND1parth* [pˈɑrθ] n. field, enclosed grassland ◇ UT/260, PM/330

gravehaudh* [hˈɑuð] n. (burial) mound, grave, tomb ◇ Ety/363-364, S/432, LotR/A(iv)sarch* [sˈɑrx] n. grave ◇ UT/463

gravelbrith [brˈiθ] n. gravel ◇ Ety/353

greatbeleg* [bˈɛlɛg] adj. great, mighty ◇ Ety/352, S/428daer* I [dˈɑɛr] adj. great ◇ UT/450, WJ/187, WJ/335, VT/42:11

greedymelch [mˈɛl̡x] adj. greedy ◇ Ety/373

greencalen* [kˈɑlɛn] pl. celin* [kˈɛlin] adj. green ◇ Ety/362, S/429, Letters/282laeg* II [lˈɑɛg] adj. 'viridis' fresh and green ◇ Letters/282, Letters/382Seldom used (replaced by calen)

greetsuila-* [sˈujlɑ] v. to greet ← suilad SD/129-31suilanna-* [sujlˈɑnnɑ] v. to greet, to give greetings ← suilannad SD/129-31

greetingsuil* [sˈujl] n. greeting ← Arassuil LotR/A(ii)Deduced from Arassuil, conceivably aran+suil. For the meaning, see suiladsuilad* [sˈujlɑd] ger. of suila-, greeting ◇ SD/129-31suilannad* [sujlˈɑnnɑd] ger. of suilanna-, greeting, giving of greetings ◇ SD/129-31

greymith* II [mˈiθ] adj. (pale) grey ◇ Ety/373, S/434, TC/187mithren* [mˈiθrɛn] pl. mithrin* [mˈiθrin] adj. grey ◇ UT/436thind* [θˈind] (thinn) adj. grey, pale ◇ Ety/392, S/438

grosshost [hˈɔst] n. gross (144) ◇ Ety/364

groundtalaf [tˈɑlɑv] pl. telaif* [tˈɛlɑjv] (teleif) n. ground, floor ◇ Ety/390, X/EI

growgala- [gˈɑlɑ] v. to grow ◈ galo [gˈɑlɔ] v. inf. of gala-, to grow ◇ Ety/357

growthgalas [gˈɑlɑs] n. growth, plant ◇ Ety/357

guardtirith* [tˈiriθ] n. watch, guard (abstract noun), vigilance ◇ Ety/394, S/437, Letters/158, VT/42:11

guardedtirnen* [tˈirnɛn] pp. of tir-, guarded ← Talath Dirnen UT/465, Ety/394, S/437

guessinc [ˈiŋk] n. guess, idea, notion ◇ Ety/361

gulf* [jˈɑː] (ia) n. 1. gulf ○ 2. abyss, void ◇ Ety/400, S/432, Letters/383iau II [jˈɑu] n. ravine, cleft, gulf ◇ Ety/400

gullgwael* [gwˈɑɛl] n. Orn. gull ◇ WJ/418maew [mˈɑɛw] n. Orn. gull ◇ Ety/373mŷl* [mˈyːl] n. Orn. gull ◇ WJ/379-380, WJ/418

habithaew [hˈɑɛw] n. custom, habit ◇ Ety/364Written hæw (with ae-ligature) in the Etymologies

hackhasta- [hˈɑstɑ] v. to hack through ◈ hasto [hˈɑstɔ] v. inf. of hasta-, to hack through ◇ Ety/389

hairfast [fˈɑst] n. shaggy hair ◇ Ety/381finnel [fˈinnɛl̡] (findel) n. (braided) hair ◇ Ety/387, X/ND2laws* [lˈɑws] (lhaws) n. hair ringlet ◇ Ety/370, X/LH

halfper- [pɛr] pref. half, divided in middle ◈ perin [pˈɛrin] adj. half, divided in middle ◇ Ety/380

halflingperian* [pˈɛri.ɑn] pl. periain* [pˈɛri.ɑjn] n. hobbit, halfling ◇ LotR/VI:IV, LotR/E, RGEO/75, Letters/308, X/ND4periannath* [pˌɛri.ˈɑnnɑθ] n. coll. of perian, the hobbits, halflings ◇ LotR/VI:IV, LotR/E-F, RGEO/75, Letters/308

halltham [θˈɑm] (thamb) n. hall ◇ Ety/387thamas [θˈɑmɑs] (thambas) n. great hall ◇ Ety/387

haltdaro* [dˈɑrɔ] v. imp. of dar-, halt! stop! ◇ Ety/353, LotR/II:VIpost [pˈɔst] n. pause, halt, rest, cessation, respite ◇ Ety/382

hammerdam [dˈɑm] n. hammer ◇ Ety/375damma- (corr. damna) [dˈɑmmɑ] pa. t. dammant (corr. dammint) [dˈɑmmant] v. to hammer ◇ Ety/375, VT/45:37It was long considered that damna-, dammint might have been a misreading. VT/45:37 confirms this, though the reading is actually uncertaindring* [drˈiŋ] n. hammer ← Glamdring H, Ety/355

handcam* [kˈɑm] (camb, camm) n. hand ◇ Ety/361, Ety/371, S/429camlann* [kˈɑmlɑnn] (camland) n. palm of hand ◇ Ety/367, X/ND4crum [krˈum] n. left hand ◇ Ety/366fair* II [fˈɑjr] (feir, fœir) n. right (hand) ◇ Ety/382hair* [hˈɑjr] (heir) n. and adj. left (hand) ◇ Ety/365, X/EIpaur* [pˈɑur] n. fist (often used to mean "hand"; its chief use was in reference of the tighly closed hand, as in using an implement or a craft-tool, rather than to the fist used in punching) ◇ Ety/366, S/429, PM/179, PM/318talf* I [tˈɑlv] (dalf) n. palm of hand ◇ Ety/353

handedcrumui [krˈumuj] adj. left-handed ◇ Ety/366erchamion* [ɛrxˈɑmi.ɔn] adj. one-handed ◇ WJ/51, WJ/231,erchammui [ɛrxˈɑmmuj] (erchamui) adj. one-handed ◇ Ety/361, X/Zforgam [fˈɔrgɑm] adj. right-handed ◇ Ety/382hargam [hˈɑrgɑm] n. left-handed ◇ Ety/365

handymaed* II [mˈɑɛd] (moed) adj. handy, skilled ◇ Ety/371, X/OE

hanggling [glˈiŋ] n. hang, dangle ◇ Ety/359, Ety/369

happygelir* [gˈɛlir] n. merry, happy, gay person ◇ SD/129-31

harasstrasta- [trˈɑstɑ] v. to harass, trouble ◇ Ety/391

harbourhûb [hˈuːb] n. haven, harbour, small landlocked bay ◇ Ety/364lond* [lˈɔnd] (lonn*, lhonn) n. 1. narrow path or strait ○ 2. by ext. entrance to harbour, land-locked haven ◇ Ety/348, Ety/370, S/434, UT/450, VT/42:10, X/LH, X/ND1

harbouragehobas [hˈɔbɑs] n. harbourage ◇ Ety/364

hardnorn [nˈɔrn] pl. nyrn* [nˈyrn] adj. 1. twisted, knotted, crabbed, contorted ○ 2. hard ◇ Ety/387

harpganna- [gˈɑnnɑ] v. to play a harp ◈ gannada- [gˈɑnnɑdɑ] v. to play a harp ◈ gannado [gˈɑnnɑdɔ] v. inf. of gannada-, to play a harp ◇ Ety/377gannel [gˈɑnnɛl̡] (gandel) n. harp ◇ Ety/377, X/ND2ganno [gˈɑnnɔ] v. inf. of ganna-, to play a harp ◇ Ety/377

harpertalagan* [tˈɑlɑgɑn] (talagand) n. harper ◇ Ety/377, X/ND4

hasptaew [tˈɑɛw] n. holder, socket, hasp, clasp, staple ◇ Ety/390

hassocktharas [θˈɑrɑs] n. hassock, footstool ◇ Ety/388

hastyceleg* [kˈɛlɛg] adj. swift, agile, hasty ◇ Ety/366, PM/353, VT/41:10

hatcarab* [kˈɑrɑb] n. hat ◇ WJ/187

hatefuldelu* [dˈɛlu] (delw) adj. hateful, deadly, fell ◇ Ety/355, X/W

havegar- [gˈɑr] v. to hold, have ◈ garo [gˈɑrɔ] v. inf. of gar-, to hold, have ◇ Ety/360gerin [gˈɛrin] v. 1st of gar-, I hold, I have ◇ Ety/360

havencírbann* [kˈiːrbɑnn] (cirban) n. haven ◇ Ety/380, X/ND4hûb [hˈuːb] n. haven, harbour, small landlocked bay ◇ Ety/364lond* [lˈɔnd] (lonn*, lhonn) n. 1. narrow path or strait ○ 2. by ext. entrance to harbour, land-locked haven ◇ Ety/348, Ety/370, S/434, UT/450, VT/42:10, X/LH, X/ND1

havenslonnath* [lˈɔnnɑθ] n. coll. of lond, havens ◇ WR/294, WR/370

hawthorntoss [tˈɔss] n. Bot. bush, low-growing tree (as maple, hawthorn, blackthorn, holly, etc.) ◇ Ety/379, Ety/395

hee* [ɛ] pron. he ◇ SD/129-31The meaning "he" is deduced from the apparent function of this word in the so-called "King's Letter", but it also seems possible to interpret it as "indeed" (as in Q. e, LR/63, VT/45:11), used here in a way of formal address expressing the wishes of the Kingho [hɔ] (hon, hono) pl. hyn* [hyn] (huin) pron. he ◇ Ety/385, X/Z

headlandcast* [kˈɑst] n. cape, headland ← Angast VT/42:28

healnesta- [nˈɛstɑ] v. to heal ← nestad WR/379-380

healingnestad [nˈɛstɑd] ger. of nesta-, healing ◇ WR/379-80nestadren [nɛstˈɑdrɛn] pl. nestedrin (corr. nestedriu) [nɛstˈɛdrin] adj. healing ◇ WR/380

heapcum [kˈum] (cumb) n. mound, heap ◇ Ety/365ovras [ˈɔvrɑs] n. crowd, heap. ◇ Ety/396

hearerlathron* [lˈɑθrɔn] (lhathron) n. hearer, listener, eavesdropper ◇ Ety/368, X/LHlethril* [lˈɛθril] (lhethril) n. f. hearer, listener, eavesdropper ◇ VT/45:26, X/LH

heartgûr* I [gˈuːr] n. heart (in the moral sense), counsel ◇ VT/41:11,15hûn [hˈuːn] n. heart (physical) ◇ Ety/364ind [ˈind] (inn) n. inner thought, meaning, heart ◇ Ety/361, X/ND1

heatbrass [brˈɑss] n. white heat ◇ Ety/351ûr I [ˈuːr] n. fire, heat ◇ Ety/396

heavenmenel* [mˈɛnɛl̡] n. sky, high heaven, firmament, the region of the stars ◇ LotR/II:I, LotR/IV:X, LB/354, RGEO/72, VT/44:21,23-24

heavylong* [lˈɔŋ] (lhong) adj. heavy ◇ Ety/370, X/LH

hedgecai* [kˈɑj] n. hedge ◇ UT/282

heighttaen I [tˈɑɛn] n. height, summit of high mountain ◇ Ety/389

heirhîl* [hˈiːl] n. heir ← Eluchíl PM/369

helmthôl* [θˈɔːl] n. helm ◇ S/438

hemglân* II [glˈɑːn] n. hem, border (of textile and other hand-made things) ◇ VT/42:8rîw* [rˈiːw] (rhîf) n. edge, hem, border ◇ Ety/383, X/RH

herbathelas* [ˈɑθɛlɑs] n. Bot. "kingsfoil", a healing herb brought to Middle-earth by the Númenóreans ◇ LotR/V:VIIIsalab [sˈɑlɑb] pl. selaib* [sˈɛlɑjb] (seleb) n. Bot. herb ◇ Ety/385, X/EI

here* [sˈiː] adv. here ◇ LotR/II:I, RGEO/72

herocallon [kˈɑllɔn] n. hero ◇ Ety/362thalion* [θˈɑli.ɔn] pl. thelyn [θˈɛlyn] n. hero, dauntless man (especially as surname of Húrin Thalion) ◇ Ety/388, S/438

hewdrava- [drˈɑvɑ] pa. t. drammen [drˈɑmmɛn] v. to hew ◇ Ety/354dravo [drˈɑvɔ] v. inf. of drava-, to hew ◇ Ety/354

hewndrafn [drˈɑvn] adj. hewn ◇ Ety/354

hiddendolen [dˈɔlɛn] pp. of doltha-, concealed, hidden ◇ Ety/355hall II [hˈɑll] adj. veiled, hidden, shadowed, shady ◇ Ety/386thurin [θˈurin] adj. secret, hidden ◇ LB/304, Ety/394

hideousuanui [ˈu.ɑnuj] adj. monstrous, hideous ◇ Ety/351

highara-* [ɑrɑ] (ar-*) pref. high, noble, royal ◇ S/428brand [brˈɑnd] (brann) adj. 1. lofty, noble, fine ○ 2. high (in size) ◇ Ety/351, TAI/150, X/ND1taur III [tˈɑur] adj. mighty, vast, overwhelming, huge, awful, high, sublime ◇ Ety/395

hillamon* [ˈɑmɔn] pl. emyn* [ˈɛmyn] (emuin) n. hill, steep-sided mount ◇ Ety/348, LotR/Edôl [dˈɔːl] (dol*) n. 1. head ○ 2. by ext. hill or mountain ◇ Ety/376, S/430mindon [mˈindɔn] n. 1. isolated hill, especially a hill with a watch tower ○ 2. by ext. tower ◇ Ety/373, Ety/395tund [tˈund] (tunn) n. hill, mound ◇ Ety/395, X/ND1

hindmosttele [tˈɛlɛ] pl. telei [tˈɛlɛj] n. end, rear, hindmost part ◇ Ety/392

hisîn* I [ˈiːn] adj. his (referring to the subject) ◇ SD/129-31tîn* [tˈiːn] adj. his ← bess dîn SD/129-31

historicalgobennathren [gˌɔbɛnnˈɑθrɛn] adj. historical ◇ Ety/366

historygobennas [gɔbˈɛnnɑs] n. history ◇ Ety/366pennas [pˈɛnnɑs] n. history, historical account ◇ Ety/366, WJ/192, WJ/206

hobbitperian* [pˈɛri.ɑn] pl. periain* [pˈɛri.ɑjn] n. hobbit, halfling ◇ LotR/VI:IV, LotR/E, RGEO/75, Letters/308, X/ND4periannath* [pˌɛri.ˈɑnnɑθ] n. coll. of perian, the hobbits, halflings ◇ LotR/VI:IV, LotR/E-F, RGEO/75, Letters/308

holdgar- [gˈɑr] v. to hold, have ◈ garo [gˈɑrɔ] v. inf. of gar-, to hold, have ◇ Ety/360gerin [gˈɛrin] v. 1st of gar-, I hold, I have ◇ Ety/360

holdertaew [tˈɑɛw] n. holder, socket, hasp, clasp, staple ◇ Ety/390

holedath [dˈɑθ] n. hole, pit ◇ Ety/354gas [gˈɑs] n. hole, gap ◇ Ety/357torech [tˈɔrɛx] n. lair, hole ◇ WR/202

hollowcoll* II [kˈɔll] adj. hollow ◇ WJ/414raudh* [rˈɑuð] (rhaudh) adj. hollow, cavernous ◇ Ety/384, X/RHrosta- [rˈɔstɑ] v. to hollow out, excavate ◈ rosto [rˈɔstɔ] v. inf. of rosta-, to hollow out, excavate ◇ Ety/384

hollyereg* [ˈɛrɛg] pl. erig [ˈɛrig] n. Bot. holly-tree, thorn ◇ Ety/356, S/431eregdos [ɛrˈɛgdɔs] n. Bot. holly, holly-tree ◇ Ety/356, Ety/379, Ety/395toss [tˈɔss] n. Bot. bush, low-growing tree (as maple, hawthorn, blackthorn, holly, etc.) ◇ Ety/379, Ety/395

holyaer* II [ˈɑɛr] adj. holy ◇ VT/44:21,24

homebar* [bˈɑr] pl. bair* [bˈɑjr] n. 1. dwelling, home ○ 2. by ext. inhabited land ◇ S/428, WR/379-80, SD/129-31

honeyglî [glˈiː] n. honey ◇ Ety/369medlin* [mˈɛdlin] (meglin) adj. honey-eater, bear-like ◇ Ety/369, X/DL

honeycombnîdh [nˈiːð] n. honeycomb ◇ VT/45:38

hookgamp [gˈɑmp] n. hook, claw ◇ Ety/357

hoplaba-* [lˈɑbɑ] v. to hop ← Labadal UT/60This entry is interpolated from Sador's nickname, Labadal, which is rendered as "Hopafoot" in the text

hopeamdir* [ˈɑmdir] n. hope based on reason ◇ MR/320estel* [ˈɛstɛl̡] n. hope, trust, a temper of mind, steady fixed in purpose, and difficult to dissuade and unlikely to fall into despair or abandon its purpose ◇ WJ/318-319, LotR/A(v), MR/320hartha-* [hˈɑrθɑ] v. to hope ← Harthad SD/62harthad* [hˈɑrθɑd] ger. of hartha-, hope ◇ SD/62

hordehoth* [hˈɔθ] n. Pej. host, crowd, horde (nearly always in a bad sense) ◇ Ety/364, S/432

hornrafn* [rˈɑvn] (rhafn) n. wing (horn), extended point at side, etc. ◇ Ety/382, X/RHras* [rˈɑs] (rhass (corr. rhaes)) pl. rais* [rˈɑjs] n. horn (especially on living animal, but also applied to mountains) ◇ Ety/383, LotR/E, S/436, X/RHrasg* [rˈɑsg] (rhasg) n. horn (especially on living animal, but also applied to mountains) ◇ Ety/383, X/RHrom* [rˈɔm] (rhom) n. horn, trumpet ◇ Ety/384, WJ/400, X/RHromru* [rˈɔmru] (rhomru) n. sound of horns ◇ Ety/384, X/RHtarag [tˈɑrɑg] n. 1. horn ○ 2. by ext. steep mountain path ◇ Ety/391till [tˈil̡l] (tild) n. horn, point ◇ Ety/393

horribledeleb [dˈɛlɛb] adj. horrible, abominable, loathsome ◇ Ety/355gortheb (corr. gorthob) * [gˈɔrθɛb] adj. horrible ◇ WJ/415

horrordel [ˈdɛl̡] n. fear, disgust, loathing, horror ◇ Ety/355girith* [gˈiriθ] n. shuddering, horror ◇ Ety/358, S/431gorgor* [gˈɔrgɔr] n. extreme horror ◇ WJ/415gorog* [gˈɔrɔg] n. horror ◇ WJ/415goroth [gˈɔrɔθ] n. horror ◇ Ety/377gorth* [gˈɔrθ] n. horror ◇ WJ/415

horseroch* [rˈɔx] n. Zool. horse, swift horse for riding ◇ Ety/384, S/436, Letters/178, Letters/282, Letters/382

hostgweth [gwˈɛθ] n. 1. manhood ○ 2. by ext. man power, troop of able-bodied men, host, regiment ◇ Ety/398hoth* [hˈɔθ] n. Pej. host, crowd, horde (nearly always in a bad sense) ◇ Ety/364, S/432rim* I [rˈim] (rhim, rhimb) n. crowd, host, great number ◇ Ety/383, S/436, Letters/178, Letters/382, X/RH

hotborn* [bˈɔrn] adj. hot, red ◇ Letters/426-27urui* [ˈuruj] n. and adj. 1. hot ○ 2. Cal. as a noun, the month of august ◇ LotR/D

houndrŷn* [rˈyːn] (rhŷn) n. Zool. "chaser", hound of chase ◇ Ety/384, X/RH

houseadab [ˈɑdɑb] pl. edaib* [ˈɛdɑjb] (edeb) n. building, house ◇ Ety/390, WR/379-80, X/EIcar [kˈɑr] (cardh) n. house, building ◇ Ety/362gobel [gˈɔbɛl̡] n. walled house or village, town ◇ Ety/380nost* [nˈɔst] n. kindred, family, house ◇ PM/360See also nossnothrim* [nˈɔθrim] n. class pl. kindred, family, house ← Nothrim [> Nost] Finarfin PM/360The word was rejected in favor of nost, but it may be interpreted as a valid class plural "those of the house"

householdherth [hˈɛrθ] n. Mil. household, troop under a "hîr" (master, lord) ◇ Ety/364

howlgaul [gˈɑul] n. wolf-howl ◇ Ety/377gawa- [gˈɑwɑ] (gaw-) v. to howl ◇ Ety/377, X/Z

howlinggawad [gˈɑwɑd] ger. of gawa-, howling ◇ Ety/377

hugetaur III [tˈɑur] adj. mighty, vast, overwhelming, huge, awful, high, sublime ◇ Ety/395

humanechil* [ˈɛxil̡] n. 1. follower ○ 2. by ext. human being ◇ WJ/219firen [fˈirɛn] adj. human ◇ Ety/381

hummockgwastar [gwˈɑstɑr] n. hummock ◇ Ety/388, Ety/399

humptump [tˈump] n. hump ◇ Ety/395

huntfara- [fˈɑrɑ] v. to hunt ◈ faro [fˈɑrɔ] v. inf. of fara-, to hunt ◇ Ety/387rui* [rˈuj] (rhui, rhuiw) n. hunt, hunting ◇ Ety/384, X/RH

hunterfaradrim [fɑrˈɑdrim] n. class pl. of feredir, hunters ◇ Ety/387faron [fˈɑrɔn] n. m. hunter ← Elfaron Ety/387faroth* [fˈɑrɔθ] n. (?) hunter, (?) group of hunters ← Taur-en-Faroth S/431, Ety/387feredir [fˈɛrɛdˌir] n. hunter ◇ Ety/387

huntingfarad [fˈɑrɑd] ger. of fara-, hunting ← faradrim Ety/387faras [fˈɑrɑs] n. hunting ◇ Ety/387rui* [rˈuj] (rhui, rhuiw) n. hunt, hunting ◇ Ety/384, X/RH

hurlhad- [hˈɑd] pa. t. hant [hˈɑnt] v. to hurl ◇ Ety/363hedi [hˈɛdi] v. inf. of had-, to hurl ◇ Ety/363

husbandhervenn [hˈɛrvɛn] (herven) n. m. husband ◇ Ety/352, Ety/364, X/ND4

iim* I [ˈim] pron. I ◇ LotR/II:IV, LB/354

iceheleg [hˈɛlɛg] n. ice ◇ Ety/364

icicleaeglos* [ˈɑɛglɔs] n. 1. Bot. snowthorn, a plant like furze (gorse), but larger and with white flowers ○ 2. Geol. icicle (a pendent spear of ice formed by the freezing of dripping water) ◇ UT/417, LotR/Index

icyhelegnenpl. helegninadj. icy ◇ [PJ-Movie]Inscription on Aeglos, Gil-galad's Spear, Official Movie Magazine #3 (source: Gwaith i Phethdain)

ideainc [ˈiŋk] n. guess, idea, notion ◇ Ety/361naw [nˈɑw] pl. noe* [nˈɔɛ] (nui) n. idea ◇ Ety/378, X/Z

ifaeII conj. if ◇ [PJ-Movie]Dialogs: Bruinen Raid II (source: Gwaith i Phethdain). Conceivably reconstructed after Quenya ai-quen "if anybody, whoever" (WJ/372). Highly hypothetical, as it conflicts with ae I

illlhaew* [ɬˈɑɛw] (thlaew, thloew, flaew) adj. sickly, sick, ill ◇ Ety/386, X/OE, X/LH

immortalalfirin* [ˈɑlfirin] n. and adj. 1. immortal ○ 2. Bot. as a noun, name of a flower, bell-like and running through many soft and gentle colours ○ 3. Bot. as a noun, also used for another small white flower ◇ LotR/V:IX, Letters/402, UT/55, UT/303, UT/316, UT/417

impelledhorn [hˈɔrn] adj. driven under compulsion, impelled ◇ Ety/364

impetuousalag [ˈɑlɑg] adj. rushing, impetuous ◇ Ety/348, VT/45:5asgar [ˈɑsgɑr] (ascar) adj. violent, rushing, impetuous ◇ Ety/386gorn I [gˈɔrn] adj. impetuous ◇ Ety/359

impetusgorf [gˈɔrv] n. impetus, vigour ◇ Ety/359

inned* [nɛd] prep. in, of (time, e.g. giving a date) ◇ SD/129-31nedh- [nɛð] pref. in, inside, mid- ◇ Ety/376See also the preposition ned, and the noun ened for a discussion of this formvi* [vi] prep. in ◇ VT/44:21,27

inclinetalad [tˈɑlɑd] n. an incline, slope ◇ Ety/390

inclineddadbenn [dˈɑdbɛnn] (dadben) adv. downhill, inclined, prone ◇ Ety/354, Ety/380, X/ND4

inflorescencegoloth* [gˈɔlɔθ] n. Bot. inflorescence, a head of small flowers ◇ VT/42:18loth* [lˈɔθ] (lhoth) n. Bot. flower, inflorescence, a head of small flowers ◇ Ety/370, LB/354, VT/42:18, X/LHThe noun is collective, a single flower being lotheg

innumerablearnediad [ɑrnˈɛdi.ɑd] (arnœdiad*) adj. innumerable, countless, endless, without reckoning, numberless ◇ Ety/349, Ety/378, S/428aronoded [ɑrˈɔnɔdɛd] adj. innumerable, countless, endless ◇ Ety/378See also arnediad

insecuretalt [tˈɑlt] adj. slipping, falling, insecure ◇ Ety/390

insertnestag- [nˈɛstɑg] pa. t. nestanc [nˈɛstɑŋk] v. to insert, stick in ◇ Ety/388nestegi [nˈɛstɛgi] v. inf. of nestag-, to insert, stick in ◇ Ety/388

insidenedh- [nɛð] pref. in, inside, mid- ◇ Ety/376See also the preposition ned, and the noun ened for a discussion of this form

insteadsennui* [sˈɛnnuj] adj. rather, instead (used as an adverb?) ◇ SD/129-31

insulteitha-* [ˈɛjθɑ] v. 1. to prick with a sharp point, to stab ○ 2. by ext. to treat with scorn, insult ◇ WJ/365eithad* [ˈɛjθɑd] ger. of eitha-, insult ◇ WJ/365

intelligencehannas [hˈɑnnɑs] n. understanding, intelligence ◇ Ety/363

intelligenthand [hˈɑnd] (hann) adj. intelligent ◇ Ety/363, X/ND1

intendthel-* [θˈɛl̡] v. to intend, mean, purpose, resolve, will ◇ WJ/318-319

ironang* [ˈɑŋ] n. iron ◇ Ety/348, S/428, PM/347angren* [ˈɑŋgrɛn] pl. engrin* [ˈɛŋgrin] adj. of iron ◇ Ety/348, S/428

islandtol* [tˈɔl] (toll) pl. tyll [tˈyll] n. island, isle rising with sheer sides from the sea or from a river ◇ Ety/394, S/438

isletol* [tˈɔl] (toll) pl. tyll [tˈyll] n. island, isle rising with sheer sides from the sea or from a river ◇ Ety/394, S/438

isolatedereb* [ˈɛrɛb] pl. erib* [ˈɛrib] adj. isolated, lonely ◇ Ety/356, S/431, UT/422, VT/42:10

itha [hɑ] (hana) pl. hain* [hɑjn] (hein) pron. it ◇ Ety/385, LotR/II:IV, X/EIten* [dɛn] pron. (?)it (as object) ← caro den VT/44:21,25-6

januarynarwain* [nˈɑrwɑjn] n. Cal. january (month) ◇ LotR/D

jawanc [ˈɑŋk] n. jaw, row of teeth ◇ Ety/348, Ety/374carach* [kˈɑrɑx] n. jaw ◇ S/429naew [nˈɑɛw] n. jaw ◇ Ety/374

jerkrinc* [rˈiŋk] (rhinc) n. twitch, jerk, trick, sudden move ◇ Ety/383, X/RHritha-* [rˈiθɑ] v. to jerk, twitch, snarch ◈ ritho* [rˈiθɔ] (rhitho) v. inf. of ritha-, to jerk, twitch, snarch ◇ Ety/383, X/RH

jewelmîr* [mˈiːr] n. jewel, precious thing, treasure ◇ Ety/373, LotR/E, S/434, PM/348, LB/354, RGEO/73mírdan* [mˈiːrdɑn] pl. mírdain* [mˈiːrdɑjn] n. jewel-smith ◇ S/401

journeylend* I [lˈɛnd] (lenn-*) n. journey ← lenn-mbas PM/404, X/ND1

joygell [gˈɛl̡l] n. joy, triumph ◇ Ety/359glass [glˈɑss] (glas) n. joy ◇ Ety/357

joyousmeren [mˈɛrɛn] adj. festive, gay, joyous ◇ Ety/372The word was changed to beren in the Etymologies, but meren would be restored together with mereth

jubilationgellam [gˈɛl̡lɑm] n. jubilation ◇ Ety/359

judgebadhor [bˈɑðr̩] n. judge ◇ Ety/350badhron [bˈɑðrɔn] n. judge ◇ Ety/350

judgementbaudh [bˈɑuð] n. judgement ◇ Ety/350

juicepaich* [pˈɑjx] (peich) n. juice, syrup ◇ Ety/382, X/EIsaw [sˈɑw] pl. soe* [sˈɔɛ] (sui) n. juice ◇ Ety/385, X/Z

juicypihen [pˈihɛn] (pichen) adj. juicy ◇ Ety/382, X/Z

julycerveth* [kˈɛrvɛθ] n. Cal. july (month) ◇ LotR/D

junenórui* [nˈɔːruj] n. and adj. 1. sunny, fiery ○ 2. Cal. as a noun, the month of june ◇ LotR/D

justfael* I [fˈɑɛl] adj. fair minded, just, generous ◇ PM/352

keenlaeg* I [lˈɑɛg] (lhaeg) adj. keen, sharp, acute ◇ Ety/368, X/LH

keepheb-* [hˈɛb] v. to retain, keep, do not give away or release, keep hold of ← *khep VT/41:6hebin* [hˈɛbin] v. 1st of heb-, I keep, I have kept ← ú-chebin LotR/A(v), VT/41:6Because of the mutation triggered by the first person pronominal ending, it is impossible to guess whether the stem of this should be heb-, *hab- or *hob-. The root KHEP listed in VT/41:6 apparently implies that heb- is the correct form

kindmilui [mˈiluj] adj. friendly, loving, kind ◇ Ety/372

kindlenartha- [nˈɑrθɑ] v. to kindle ◈ nartho [nˈɑrθɔ] v. inf. of nartha-, to kindle ◇ VT/45:37

kindlerthoniel* [θˈɔni.ɛl̡] n. f. kindler ← Gilthoniel LotR/II:I, LotR/IV:X, RGEO/72-74

kindrednoss* [nˈɔss] (nos) n. kindred, family, clan ◇ Ety/378, PM/320nost* [nˈɔst] n. kindred, family, house ◇ PM/360See also nossnothrim* [nˈɔθrim] n. class pl. kindred, family, house ← Nothrim [> Nost] Finarfin PM/360The word was rejected in favor of nost, but it may be interpreted as a valid class plural "those of the house"

kingâr [ˈɑːr] n. king (used of a lord or king of a specified region) ◇ Ety/389See also taur Iaran* [ˈɑrɑn] pl. erain* [ˈɛrɑjn] n. king (used of a lord or king of a specified region) ◇ Ety/360, S/428, LotR/II:IV, LotR/VI:VII, SD/129-31, Letters/426taur I [tˈɑur] n. king (only used of the legitimate kings of whole tribes) ◇ Ety/389, Ety/395See also aran. In LotR/IV:IV, Frodo is called Daur, which might be the mutated form of this word

kingdomaranarth* [ˈɑrɑnɑrθ] n. kingdom, "king-holding" ◇ VT/44:22,25In Tolkien's manuscript, this form was rejected in favor of arnadarnad* [ˈɑrnɑd] n. kingdom ◇ VT:44:21,25

kingfisherheledir [hˈɛlɛdˌir] (heledirn) n. Orn. kingfisher (bird) ◇ Ety/363, Ety/386, Ety/394

kingsfoilathelas* [ˈɑθɛlɑs] n. Bot. "kingsfoil", a healing herb brought to Middle-earth by the Númenóreans ◇ LotR/V:VIII

kinsmangwanur [gwˈɑnur] n. 1. a pair of twins ○ 2. brother or kinsman, kinswoman ◇ Ety/378, Ety/392, LotR/A(iv)

kinswomangwanur [gwˈɑnur] n. 1. a pair of twins ○ 2. brother or kinsman, kinswoman ◇ Ety/378, Ety/392, LotR/A(iv)

knifesigil I [sˈigil̡] n. dagger, knife ◇ Ety/385

knobdolt II [dˈɔlt] pl. dylt [dˈylt] n. round knob, boss ◇ Ety/376

knocktamma- [tˈɑmmɑ] v. to knock ◈ tammo (corr. tamno) [tˈɑmmɔ] v. inf. of tamma-, to knock ◇ Ety/390

knotnardh [nˈɑrð] n. knot ◇ Ety/387

knottednorn [nˈɔrn] pl. nyrn* [nˈyrn] adj. 1. twisted, knotted, crabbed, contorted ○ 2. hard ◇ Ety/387

knowledgegûl* [gˈuːl] n. 1. magic lore, long study (being used mostly of secret knowledge, especially such as possessed by artificers who made wonderful things) ○ 2. by ext. perverted or evil knowledge, sorcery, necromancy ◇ Ety/377, S/432, MR/350, WJ/383ist [ˈist] n. lore, knowledge ◇ Ety/361ista- [ˈistɑ] v. to have knowledge ◈ isto [ˈistɔ] v. inf. of ista-, to have knowledge ◇ Ety/361

labourmuda- [mˈudɑ] v. to labour, toil ◈ mudas [mˈudɑs] n. labour, toil ◇ Ety/373The Etymologies list this word as the past tense of the verb mudo, but actually it looks more like a nounmudo [mˈudɔ] v. inf. of muda-, to labour, toil ◇ Ety/373The Etymologies list mudas as the past tense of this this verb, but actually this form looks more like a noun "labour, toil"tass [tˈɑss] (tars) n. labour, task ◇ Ety/391

lackingpen* I [pɛn] prep. without, lacking, -less ← Iarwain ben-adar LotR/II:II

ladybrennil [brˈɛnnil̡] n. f. lady ◇ Ety/351 [dˈiː] n. f. Poet. woman, lady ◇ Ety/352, Ety/354heryn* [hˈɛryn] n. f. lady ← Roheryn S/436hiril [hˈiril̡] n. f. lady ◇ Ety/364rîn* I [rˈiːn] (rhîn, rhien) n. and adj. 1. crowned ○ 2. by ext. as a noun, crowned lady, queen ◇ Ety/393, Ety/389, X/RH

laircaew [kˈɑɛw] n. lair, resting-place ◇ Ety/363torech [tˈɔrɛx] n. lair, hole ◇ WR/202

lakeael* [ˈɑɛl] (oel) pl. aelin* [ˈɑɛlin] (oelin) n. lake, pool, mere ◇ Ety/349, S/427, X/OE* [lˈɔː] n. shallow lake, fenland ◇ UT/263nen* [nˈɛn] pl. nîn* [nˈiːn] n. 1. water (used of a lake, pool or lesser river) ○ 2. by ext. waterland ◇ Ety/376, S/435, UT/457rim* II [rˈim] (rhim, rhimb) n. cold pool or lake (in mountains) ◇ Ety/384, X/RH

lamentnaergon* [nˈɑɛrgɔn] n. woeful lament ◇ PM/362

lamentablenaer* [nˈɑɛr] (noer) adj. sad, lamentable ◇ Ety/375, X/OE

lamentationconath* [kˈɔnɑθ] n. coll. of caun I, 1. many voices ○ 2. by ext. lamentation ◇ PM/361-362nírnaeth [nˈiːrnɑɛθ] n. lamentation ◇ Ety/376

lampcalar* [kˈɑlɑr] n. lamp ← celerdain LotR/V:I, WR/287

lampwrightcalardan* [kɑlˈɑrdɑn] pl. celerdain* [kɛlˈɛrdɑjn] n. lampwright ◇ LotR/V:I, WR/287

landdôr* [dˈɔːr] (dor*) n. land, dwelling-place, region where certain people live ◇ Ety/376, S/430, WJ/413, Letters/417, VT/45:38The form dor in the Etymologies is a misreading, see VT/45. In composition and in toponyms, the word is nevertheless reduced to Dortalath* [tˈɑlɑθ] (dalath) n. 1. flat surface, plane ○ 2. flat land, plain, (wide) valley ← Talath Dirnen UT/465, Ety/353, S/437talf* II [tˈɑlv] n. flat field, flat land ← Nindalf TC/195, LotR/Map

languageannúnaid* [ɑnnˈuːnɑjd] n. Ling. the "Westron" language (one of the names for Common Speech) ◇ PM/316falathren* [fɑlˈɑθrɛn] n. and adj. 1. of the shore ○ 2. Ling. as a noun, Shore-language (one of the names for Common Speech) ◇ Ety/381, PM/32, PM/55lam* II [lˈɑm] n. Ling. language ◇ WJ/394

lastbrona- [brˈɔnɔ] v. to last, to survive ◈ brono [brˈɔnɔ] v. inf. of brona-, to last, to survive ◇ Ety/353dartha- [dˈɑrθɑ] v. to wait, stay, last, endure, remain ◇ Ety/353, VT/45:8medui* [mˈɛduj] adj. last ← na vedui, Arvedui LotR/I:XII, LotR/A(iv)

lastingbronadui [brˈɔnɑduj] adj. enduring, lasting ◇ Ety/353bronwe* [brˈɔnwɛ] n. endurance, lasting quality, faith ◇ Ety/353, SD/62

laterab-* [ɑb] pref. after, later ← Abonnen WJ/387

laughgladha-* [glˈɑðɑ] v. to laugh ← gladh- PM/359

laughterlalaith* [lˈɑlɑjθ] n. laughter ◇ S/406

layglaer [glˈɑɛr] n. long lay, narrative poem ◇ Ety/359Written glær (with ae-ligature) in the Etymologiesglîr [glˈiːr] n. song, poem, lay ◇ Ety/359

leadtegi [tˈɛgi] v. inf. of tog-, to lead, bring ◇ Ety/395tog- [tˈɔg] v. to lead, bring

leafgalenas* [gˈɑlɛnɑs] n. Bot. pipe-weed (leaf) or "westmansweed", a variety of Nicotiana ◇ LotR/V:VIIIlass* [lˈɑss] (lhass) n. leaf ◇ Ety/367, Letters/282, TC/169, X/LH

leaguedaur* [dˈɑur] n. 1. pause, stop ○ 2. by ext. league (about 3 miles) ◇ UT/279, UT/285

leanlhain* II [ɬˈɑjn] (thlein) pl. lhîn* [ɬˈiːn] (thlîn) adj. lean, thin, meagre ◇ Ety/386, X/LH

leapcab-* [kˈɑb] v. to leap ← cabed S/386, WJ/100cabed* [kˈɑbɛd] ger. of cab-, 1. leap ○ 2. by ext. deep gorge ◇ S/386, WJ/100Emended by Tolkien from earlier cabad. This is our sole late example that basic verbs should perhaps form their gerund in -ed, whereas derived verbs are well attested to use -ad (cf. aderthad)

learnedgolwen [gˈɔlwɛn] adj. wise, learned in deep arts ◇ Ety/377istui [ˈistuj] adj. learned ◇ Ety/361

leatherlath* [lˈɑθ] (lhath) n. (?) thong of leather ◇ Ety/368, X/LH

leftcrom [krˈɔm] n. left ◇ Ety/366crum [krˈum] n. left hand ◇ Ety/366crumui [krˈumuj] adj. left-handed ◇ Ety/366hair* [hˈɑjr] (heir) n. and adj. left (hand) ◇ Ety/365, X/EIhargam [hˈɑrgɑm] n. left-handed ◇ Ety/365

lettertêw* [tˈɛːw] pl. tîw* [tˈiːw] n. letter, written sign ◇ Ety/391, WJ/396, LotR/II:IV, LotR/E, Letters/427

levelland* I [lˈɑnd] (lhand) adj. open space, level ◇ Ety/368, X/LH, X/ND1pathu* [pˈɑθu] (pathw) n. level space, sward ◇ Ety/380, X/W

licklav-* [lˈɑv] v. to lick ◈ levi* [lˈɛvi] (lhefi) v. inf. of lav-, to lick ◇ Ety/367, X/LH

lifecuil [kˈujl] n. life ◇ Ety/366

lightcalad* [kˈɑlɑd] ger. light ◇ Ety/362, UT/65gail I [gˈɑjl] n. bright light ◇ Ety/362gal- [gɑl] pref. light ← galvorn, etc.galad* [gˈɑlɑd] n. light, radiance, glittering, reflection (from jewels, glass or polished metal, or water) ◇ VT/45:13, PM/347, Letters/425glaur [glˈɑur] (glor-) n. Theo. golden light (of the golden tree Laurelin) ◇ Ety/358, Ety/368lim* II [lˈim] adj. clear, sparkling, light ◇ WJ/337

likesui* II [sˈuj] prep. as, like ◇ VT/44:21,27

limitgleina-* [glˈɛjnɑ] v. to bound, enclose, limit ◇ VT/42:8, VT/42:28This entry should perhaps read gleinia-, cf. VT/42:28, note 13taeg* [tˈɑɛg] n. boundary, limit, boundary line ◇ WJ/309

linetaeg* [tˈɑɛg] n. boundary, limit, boundary line ◇ WJ/309 [tˈɛː] n. line, way ◇ Ety/391 [tˈiː] n. line, row ◇ Ety/392

lionraw* II [rˈɑw] (rhaw) pl. roe* [rˈɔɛ] (rhui) n. lion ◇ Ety/383, X/RH

listenlasta-* [lˈɑstɑ] v. to listen ◈ lasto* [lˈɑstɔ] v. imp. of lasta-, listen! ◇ LotR/II:IV, RS/463, LB/354lathra-* [lˈɑθrɑ] v. to listen in, eavesdrop ◈ lathrada-* [lˈɑθrɑdɑ] v. to listen in, eavesdrop ◈ lathrado* [lˈɑθrɑdɔ] (lhathrado) v. inf. of lathrada-, to listen in, eavesdrop ◇ Ety/368, X/LHlathro* [lˈɑθrɔ] (lhathro) v. inf. of lathra-, to listen in, eavesdrop ◇ Ety/368, X/LH

listenerlathron* [lˈɑθrɔn] (lhathron) n. hearer, listener, eavesdropper ◇ Ety/368, X/LHlethril* [lˈɛθril] (lhethril) n. f. hearer, listener, eavesdropper ◇ VT/45:26, X/LH

littletithen [tˈiθɛn] pl. tithin [tˈiθin] adj. little, tiny ◇ Ety/394

livecuinar* [kˈujnɑr] v. 3rd pl. of cuina-, (they) live ← i-chuinar Letters/417

loafbasgorn [bˈɑsgɔrn] n. loaf (of bread) ◇ Ety/372, Ety/365

loathingdel [ˈdɛl̡] n. fear, disgust, loathing, horror ◇ Ety/355delos [dˈɛlɔs] (deloth) n. abhorrence, detestation, loathing ◇ Ety/355

loathsomedeleb [dˈɛlɛb] adj. horrible, abominable, loathsome ◇ Ety/355

loderant* [rˈɑnt] n. 1. lode, vein ○ 2. course, riverbed ◇ Ety/383, S/436

loftyarth* [ˈɑrθ] adj. (unknown meaning, perhaps noble, lofty, exalted) ← Arthedain LotRbrand [brˈɑnd] (brann) adj. 1. lofty, noble, fine ○ 2. high (in size) ◇ Ety/351, TAI/150, X/ND1orchal* [ˈɔrxl̩] (orchall, orchel) adj. 1. superior, lofty, eminent ○ 2. tall ◇ Ety/363, Ety/379, WJ/305In his article Probable errors in the Etymologies, Helge Fauskanger lists orchel as a misreading, following Christopher Tolkien's note admitting that the e is uncertain. However, though orchal is attested in WJ/305, it does not necessarily mean that the form orchel is incorrect. It might be constructed by analogy with words such as hathol "axe" (from WJ/234 and the name of a Númenórean, Hatholdir, UT:444), which is also found as hathal (in Hathaldir, name of a companion of Barahir, LR/433, untranslated but conceivably cognate) and hathel (LR/389). Without entering into the details, such words end with a syllabic consonant (as in English "people"), and several vocalizations are apparently possible in Sindarin. The epenthetical vowel is generally o, but it seems that a or e are also allowed. Regarding orchal, its origin is of course different, as it is a compound word where the second element clearly derives from KHAL, but it may be have been assimilated, later, to this class of words by analogy. We may therefore consider that orchel is a perfectly valid dialectal variant

lonelyereb* [ˈɛrɛb] pl. erib* [ˈɛrib] adj. isolated, lonely ◇ Ety/356, S/431, UT/422, VT/42:10

longanann* [ˈɑnɑnn] adv. long, for a long time ◇ LotR/VI:IV, Letters/308and* [ˈɑnd] (ann) adj. long ◇ Ety/348, S/427, X/ND1taen II [tˈɑɛn] adj. long (and thin) ◇ Ety/391

lookthîr* [θˈiːr] n. look, face, expression, countenance ◇ Ety/392, VT/41:10tir- [tˈir] v. to watch, to gaze, look at ◈ tiri [tˈiri] v. inf. of tir-, to watch, to gaze, look at ◇ Ety/394tiria- [tˈiri.ɑ] pa. t. tiriant [tˈiri.ɑnt] v. to watch, to gaze, look at ◇ Ety/394tirio [tˈiri.ɔ] v. inf. of tiria-, to watch, to gaze, look at ◇ Ety/394tiro* [tˈirɔ] v. imp. of tir-, look! ◇ LotR/IV:X, RGEO/72, Letters/278-79, Letters/427

lordbrannon [brˈɑnnɔn] n. m. lord ◇ Ety/351hîr* [hˈiːr] n. m. master, lord ◇ Ety/364, S/432, SD/129-31, Letters/382, LB/354, VT/45:22

loreangol II [ˈɑŋgɔl] n. Arch., Poet. deep lore, magic ◇ Ety/377ist [ˈist] n. lore, knowledge ◇ Ety/361

loudbrui* [brˈuj] adj. loud, noisy ← Bruinen LotR/Index

lovemela- [mˈɛlɑ] pa. t. melant [mˈɛlɑnt] v. to love ◇ VT/45:34meleth [mˈɛlɛθ] n. love ◇ Ety/372melo [mˈɛlɔ] v. inf. of mela-, to love ◇ VT/45:34mîl [mˈiːl] n. love, affection ◇ Ety/372

lovermelethril [mɛlˈɛθril̡] n. f. lover ◇ Ety/372melethron [mɛlˈɛθrɔn] n. m. lover ◇ Ety/372seron* [sˈɛrɔn] n. lover ◇ PM/348

lovingmilui [mˈiluj] adj. friendly, loving, kind ◇ Ety/372

lowtofn [tˈɔvn] adj. lowlying, deep, low ◇ Ety/394

lowlyingtofn [tˈɔvn] adj. lowlying, deep, low ◇ Ety/394

lustmael* II [mˈɑɛl] (moel) n. lust ◇ Ety/373, X/OE

lustfulmaelui* [mˈɑɛluj] (moelui) adj. lustful ◇ Ety/373, X/OE

machinegaud [gˈɑud] n. device, contrivance, machine ◇ Ety/358

magicangol II [ˈɑŋgɔl] n. Arch., Poet. deep lore, magic ◇ Ety/377gûl* [gˈuːl] n. 1. magic lore, long study (being used mostly of secret knowledge, especially such as possessed by artificers who made wonderful things) ○ 2. by ext. perverted or evil knowledge, sorcery, necromancy ◇ Ety/377, S/432, MR/350, WJ/383

magiciangollor [gˈɔllɔr] n. magician ◇ Ety/377

maidelleth* [ˈɛl̡lɛθ] n. f. elf-maid ◇ WJ/148, WJ/256, WJ/363-364iell [jˈɛl̡l] n. f. 1. daughter ○ 2. girl, maid ◇ Ety/385, Ety/400Stated to be an alteration of sell, remodelled after ion "son" (OS *jondo). It was "a change assisted by the loss of s in compounds and patronymics", hence the ending -iel in several feminine wordssell [sˈɛl̡l] n. f. 1. daughter ○ 2. girl, maid (child) ◇ Ety/385

makecaro* [kˈɑrɔ] v. imp. of car-, do! make! ◇ VT/44:21,25echad- [ˈɛxɑd] pa. t. echant* [ˈɛxɑnt] v. to fashion, make ◈ echedi [ˈɛxɛdi] v. inf. of echad-, to fashion, make ◇ Ety/363, LotR/II:IV

makerceredir [kˈɛrɛdˌir] n. doer, maker ◇ Ety/354

makingcared [kˈɑrɛd] ger. of car-, making, doing ← ceredir Ety/354

maleanu* [ˈɑnu] (anw) adj. male ◇ Ety/360, X/WA literal interpretation of the Etymologies would class this word as a noun, but David Salo notes that the punctuation in The Etymologies is not always reliable. Noldorin anw cannot be cognate to the Quenya noun hanu (*3anû) because the final -u would drop. It must rather be cognate to the Quenya adjective hanwa (*3anwâ) attested under the stem INI, where it is also stated that inw, corresponding to Quenya inya "female", has been remodelled after anw. The combination of these two entries, along with the phonological evidences, clearly indicates that anw is actually an adjectivebenn [bˈɛnn] n. m. man, male ◇ Ety/352, VT/45:9

manabonnen* [ɑbˈɔnnɛn] pl. ebœnnin* [ɛbˈɛnnin] n. and adj. 1. born later, born after ○ 2. as a noun, man, one born later than the Elves, a human being (elvish name for men) ◇ WJ/387adan* [ˈɑdɑn] pl. edain* [ˈɛdɑjn] n. man, one of the Second People (elvish name for men) ◇ LotR/A(v), S/427, PM/324, WJ/387, Letters/282adanadar* [ɑdˈɑnɑdɑr] pl. edenedair* [ɛdˈɛnɛdɑjr] n. man, one of the Fathers of Men ◇ MR/373adanath* [ˈɑdɑnɑθ] n. coll. of adan, men ◇ MR/373aphadon* [ˈɑffɑdɔn] pl. ephedyn* [ˈɛffɛdyn] n. 1. follower ○ 2. by ext. man (elvish name for men) ◇ WJ/387aphadrim* [ɑffˈɑdrim] n. class pl. of aphadon, followers, men (elvish name for men) ◇ WJ/387benn [bˈɛnn] n. m. man, male ◇ Ety/352, VT/45:9dîr [dˈiːr] n. m. Arch. man, referring to an adult male (elf, mortal, or of any other speaking race) ◇ Ety/354, Ety/352drû* [drˈuː] pl. drúin* [drˈuː.in] n. wild man, wose, púkel-man ◇ UT/385In PE/11:31, an older Gnomish word drû, drui meant "wood, forest", and in PE/13:142, the early Noldorin word drú was assigned the meaning "dark". Drû pl. Drúin later came to be used for the name of the Woses, with other derivatives (Drúadan, etc.). "Wose" is actually the modernization of an Anglo-Saxon word wasa only found in the compound wudu-wasa "wild man of the woods", cf. UT/385 sq. In the drafts of the "Ride of the Rohirrim" in WR/343-346, the Woses first appear as "the dark men of Eilenach". Though internally said to derive from drughu in their own tongue, Tolkien's choice for the Sindarin name of the Woses was apparently influenced by earlier meanings assigned to this word drúadan* [drˈuːɑdɑn] pl. drúedain* [drˈuːɛdɑjn] n. Pop. wild man, one of the Woses ◇ UT/385dúnadan* [dˈuːnɑdɑn] pl. dúnedain* [dˈuːnɛdɑjn] n. man of the west, Númenórean ◇ LotR/I:XII, WJ/378, S/390

manhoodgweth [gwˈɛθ] n. 1. manhood ○ 2. by ext. man power, troop of able-bodied men, host, regiment ◇ Ety/398

mantlecoll* III [kˈɔll] n. cloak, mantle ← Thingol S/421, MR/385

mapletoss [tˈɔss] n. Bot. bush, low-growing tree (as maple, hawthorn, blackthorn, holly, etc.) ◇ Ety/379, Ety/395

marchgwaeron* [gwˈɑɛrɔn] n. Cal. march (month) ◇ LotR/D

markandaith* [ˈɑndɑjθ] (andeith) n. long-mark, sign used in writing alphabetic tengwar over a vowel, to indicate that it is lengthened. ◇ LotR/E, Ety/391, X/EIglandagol* [glˈɑndɑgɔl] n. boundary mark ◇ VT/42:8tagol* [tˈɑgl̩] n. post, mark ← glandagol VT/42:8, VT/42:28taith* [tˈɑjθ] (teith) n. mark ◇ Ety/391, X/EI

masterherdir* [hˈɛrdir] n. m. master ← i-Cherdir SD/129-31heron [hˈɛrɔn] n. m. master ◇ VT/45:22hîr* [hˈiːr] n. m. master, lord ◇ Ety/364, S/432, SD/129-31, Letters/382, LB/354, VT/45:22ortheri [ˈɔrθɛri] v. inf. of orthor-, to master, conquer ◇ Ety/395orthor- [ˈɔrθɔr] v. to master, conquer

masterytûr [tˈuːr] n. mastery, victory ◇ Ety/395

maximlinnod* [lˈinnɔd] n. 1. (?) a single verse used as a maxim ○ 2. (?) a chant of a certain metrical type, where each (half-)verse is composed of seven syllables ◇ LotR/A(iv)The word is not translated by Tolkien. The first meaning assumes that -od is a singulative affix (cf. filigod). The second meaning is proposed by Carl Hostetter and Patrick Wynne in Tolkien's Legendarium p. 132, based on the metrical characteristics of Gilraen's linnod

maylothron* [lˈɔθrɔn] n. Cal. may (month) ◇ LotR/D

mayorcondir* [kˈɔndir] n. m. mayor ◇ SD/129-31

meenni* [ˈɛnni] pron. to me ◇ VT/41:11See also animnin* [nin] pron. me ◇ LotR/IV:X, RGEO/72

meagrelhain* II [ɬˈɑjn] (thlein) pl. lhîn* [ɬˈiːn] (thlîn) adj. lean, thin, meagre ◇ Ety/386, X/LH

meanfaeg* [fˈɑɛg] (foeg) adj. mean, poor, bad ◇ Ety/387, X/OEthel-* [θˈɛl̡] v. to intend, mean, purpose, resolve, will ◇ WJ/318-319

meaningind [ˈind] (inn) n. inner thought, meaning, heart ◇ Ety/361, X/ND1

meataes [ˈɑɛs] n. cooked food, meat ◇ Ety/349

meetgovad-* [gˈɔvɑd] v. to meet ← mae govannen LotR/I:XII, Letters/308

mereael* [ˈɑɛl] (oel) pl. aelin* [ˈɑɛlin] (oelin) n. lake, pool, mere ◇ Ety/349, S/427, X/OE

merrygelir* [gˈɛlir] n. merry, happy, gay person ◇ SD/129-31

meshrem* I [rˈɛm] n. mesh, net (esp. for catching, hunter's or fisher's net) ◇ LotR/E, VT/42:29

metgovannen* [gɔvˈɑnnɛn] pp. of govad-, met ◇ LotR/I:XII, Letters/308

metalcôl [kˈɔːl] n. gold (metal) ◇ Ety/365raud* [rˈɑud] (rhaud) n. metal ◇ Ety/383, X/RHtinc [tˈiŋk] n. metal ◇ Ety/394

middleened* [ˈɛnɛd] (enedh) n. core, centre, middle ◇ Ety/356, Ety/376, UT/450, Letters/224, VT/41:12,16While the word is written enedh in the Etymologies, it seems that Tolkien considered and reconsidered its form throughout his life. Late rough jottings (c. 1968), as well as the text of letter no. 168 and the fact that the toponym Enedwaith was never changed on the LotR map, seems to imply that ened is the (most) definitive form. See also the possibly related preposition ned, which has been suggested to mean "in" (while again a prefix nedh- is seen in the Etymologies)per- [pɛr] pref. half, divided in middle ◈ perin [pˈɛrin] adj. half, divided in middle ◇ Ety/380

mightybeleg* [bˈɛlɛg] adj. great, mighty ◇ Ety/352, S/428taur III [tˈɑur] adj. mighty, vast, overwhelming, huge, awful, high, sublime ◇ Ety/395

militarydírnaith* [dˈiːrnɑjθ] n. Mil. a military wedge-formation launched over a short distance against an enemy massing but not yet arrayed, or against a defensive formation on open ground ◇ UT/282

minesabar* [sˈɑbɑr] n. delved mine ← Nornhabar, Anghabar WJ/209, WJ/419, S/380The unmutated form is reconstructed from the place name Nornhabar, assuming that the second word is mutated in composition. Though habar as the regular form might be possible as well, in the Qenyaqetsa we find the root SAPA 'dig, excavate' (PE/12:82), so it seems most likely that Tolkien reused this old base, and that the underlying form in those names would indeed be sabar

mirrorcenedril [kɛnˈɛdril̡] n. looking-glass, mirror ◇ TI/184, RS/466

misthîth* [hˈiːθ] (hith) n. mist, fog ◇ Ety/364, S/432hithlain* [hˈiθlɑjn] n. mist-thread, a substance used by the Elves of Lothlórien to make strong ropes ◇ LotR/II:VIII, LotR/Indexmith I [mˈiθ] n. white fog, wet mist ◇ Ety/373

mockingiaew [jˈɑɛw] n. mocking, scorn ◇ Ety/400

moistenlimmida-* [lˈimmidɑ] (lhimmid) pa. t. limmint* [lˈimmint] (lhimmint) v. to moisten ◇ Ety/369, X/LH

moneymirian* [mˈiri.ɑn] n. piece of money, coin used in Gondor → canathPM/45

monsterúan [ˈuː.ɑn] n. monster ◇ Ety/351ulunn* [ˈulunn] (ulund, ulun) n. monster, deformed and hideous creature ◇ Ety/396, X/ND4

monstrousuanui [ˈu.ɑnuj] adj. monstrous, hideous ◇ Ety/351

monthcerveth* [kˈɛrvɛθ] n. Cal. july (month) ◇ LotR/Dgirithron* [girˈiθrɔn] n. Cal. december (month) ◇ LotR/Dgwaeron* [gwˈɑɛrɔn] n. Cal. march (month) ◇ LotR/Dgwirith* [gwˈiriθ] n. Cal. april (month) ◇ LotR/D, SD/129-31hithui* [hˈiθuj] n. and adj. 1. foggy, misty ○ 2. Cal. as a noun, the month of november ◇ LotR/Divanneth* [ivˈɑnnɛθ] n. Cal. september (month) ◇ LotR/Dlothron* [lˈɔθrɔn] n. Cal. may (month) ◇ LotR/Dnarbeleth* [nˈɑrbɛlɛθ] n. Cal. october (month) ◇ LotR/Dnarwain* [nˈɑrwɑjn] n. Cal. january (month) ◇ LotR/Dnínui* [nˈiːnuj] n. and adj. 1. watery ○ 2. Cal. as a noun, the month of february ◇ LotR/Dnórui* [nˈɔːruj] n. and adj. 1. sunny, fiery ○ 2. Cal. as a noun, the month of june ◇ LotR/Durui* [ˈuruj] n. and adj. 1. hot ○ 2. Cal. as a noun, the month of august ◇ LotR/D

mooncúron* [kˈuːrɑn] (cúran) n. the crescent moon ◇ Ety/365, X/Zithil* [ˈiθil̡] n. the moon, lit. 'The Sheen' ◇ Ety/361, Ety/385, Ety/392, LotR/E, LB/354

morningaur* [ˈɑur] n. day, sunlight, morning ◇ Ety/349, S/439See also calan

mortalfair* I [fˈɑjr] (feir*) pl. fîr* [fˈiːr] n. mortal ◇ Ety/381, WJ/387, X/EIfíreb* [fˈiːrɛb] pl. fírib* [fˈiːrib] adj. mortal ◇ WJ/387firiath* [fˈiri.ɑθ] n. coll. of fair I, mortals, human beings ◇ WJ/219, WJ/387fíriel* [fˈiri.ɛl̡] (firiel) n. f. mortal maid ◇ Ety/382, PM/195, PM/232firieth* [fˈiri.ɛθ] n. f. mortal woman ◇ WJ/387firion* [fˈiri.ɔn] n. m. mortal man ◇ WJ/387

mothernana [nˈɑnɑ] n. hypo. mother, mummy ◇ Ety/348, Ety/374naneth [nˈɑnɛθ] n. mother ◇ Ety/348, Ety/374

moundcerin* [kˈɛrin] n. 1. circular enclosure ○ 2. by ext. mound ◇ Ety/365, S/429coron* [kˈɔrɔn] n. 1. globe, ball ○ 2. by ext. mound ◇ Ety/365, S/429cum [kˈum] (cumb) n. mound, heap ◇ Ety/365haudh* [hˈɑuð] n. (burial) mound, grave, tomb ◇ Ety/363-364, S/432, LotR/A(iv)tund [tˈund] (tunn) n. hill, mound ◇ Ety/395, X/ND1

mountamon* [ˈɑmɔn] pl. emyn* [ˈɛmyn] (emuin) n. hill, steep-sided mount ◇ Ety/348, LotR/E

mountainaegas* [ˈɑɛgɑs] (oegas) pl. aegais* [ˈɑɛgɑjs] (oeges) n. mountain peak ◇ Ety/349, X/OEaeglir* [ˈɑɛglir] (oeglir) n. range of mountain peaks ← Hithaeglir LotR, Ety/349, X/OEdôl [dˈɔːl] (dol*) n. 1. head ○ 2. by ext. hill or mountain ◇ Ety/376, S/430orod* [ˈɔrɔd] pl. ered* [ˈɛrɛd] (eryd*, ereid) n. mountain ◇ Ety/379, S/435, Letters/263, TC/178orodrim [ɔrˈɔdrim] n. range of mountains ◇ Ety/379taen I [tˈɑɛn] n. height, summit of high mountain ◇ Ety/389tarag [tˈɑrɑg] n. 1. horn ○ 2. by ext. steep mountain path ◇ Ety/391

mountaineerorodben* [ɔrˈɔdbɛn] pl. œrydbin* [ɛrˈydbin] n. mountaineer, one living in the mountains ◇ WJ/376

mouthethir* I [ˈɛθir] n. mouth of river, estuary ◇ LotR/II:X, Ety/356

moverinc* [rˈiŋk] (rhinc) n. twitch, jerk, trick, sudden move ◇ Ety/383, X/RH

mummynana [nˈɑnɑ] n. hypo. mother, mummy ◇ Ety/348, Ety/374

muscle [tˈuː] n. muscle, sinew, vigour, physical strength ◇ Ety/394

mutatedprestannen [prɛstˈɑnnɛn] pp. of presta-, 1. affected ○ 2. Ling. mutated (of a mutated vowel) ◇ Ety/380

mutationprestanneth [prɛstˈɑnnɛθ] n. Ling. affection of vowels, mutation ◇ Ety/380

mynín* [nˈiːn] adj. my ◇ UT/40, VT/44:22The acute accent in nín has sometimes been regarded as an error for a slanted macron in the manuscript, since all the other attested personal adjectives from Sauron defeated all have a circumflex accent. It was noted though that if the acute accent is confirmed, then this word is probably an enclitic, see HL/73. The acute accent is now confirmed by VT/44

myselfanim* [ˈɑnim] pron. for myself ◇ LotR/A(v)See also enni

nailtaes [tˈɑɛs] n. nail ◇ Ety/390

nakedhell [hˈɛl̡l] adj. naked ◇ Ety/386lanc* I [lˈɑŋk] n. naked ◇ UT/418

nameeneth* [ˈɛnɛθ] n. name ◇ VT/44:21,24essn. name ◇ [PJ-Movie]Inscription on Aeglos, Gil-galad's Spear, Official Movie Magazine #3 (source: Gwaith i Phethdain). Updated from Quenya essë. The correct Sindarin word, eneth, has been published sinceesta-* [ˈɛstɑ] v. to name ← estathar SD/129-31

narratorpethron [pˈɛθrɔn] n. narrator ◇ Ety/366

narrowagor I [ˈɑgr̩] (agr) adj. narrow ◇ Ety/348

neatpuig [pˈujg] adj. clean, tidy, neat ◇ Ety/382

neckiaeth [jˈɑɛθ] n. neck ◇ Ety/400

necklacesigil II [sˈigil̡] n. necklace ← Sigil Elu-naeth WJ/258

necromancygûl* [gˈuːl] n. 1. magic lore, long study (being used mostly of secret knowledge, especially such as possessed by artificers who made wonderful things) ○ 2. by ext. perverted or evil knowledge, sorcery, necromancy ◇ Ety/377, S/432, MR/350, WJ/383morgul* [mˈɔrgul] n. black arts, sorcery, necromancy ◇ Ety/377, S/432, WJ/383, MR/350

needbaur [bˈɑur] n. need ◇ Ety/372boe* [bˈɔɛ] (bui) v. impers. to need ◇ Ety/372, X/Zthang* [θˈɑŋ] n. compulsion, duress, need, oppression ◇ Ety/388, S/438

netgwî [gwˈiː] n. net, web ◇ Ety/398raef* [rˈɑɛv] n. net ◇ VT/42:12rem* I [rˈɛm] n. mesh, net (esp. for catching, hunter's or fisher's net) ◇ LotR/E, VT/42:29

nettedremmen* [rˈɛmmɛn] pl. remmin* [rˈɛmmin] pp. woven, netted, tangled ← galadhremmin LotR/E, LotR/II:I, RGEO/72

nettledraen* II [rˈɑɛn] adj. nettled, enlaced ◇ VT/42:11

neweden [ˈɛdɛn] adj. new, begun again ◇ Ety/349gwain* [gwˈɑjn] pl. gwîn* [gwˈiːn] adj. new ← Narwain (Narvinyë) LotR/D, Cf. Ety/399sain* [sˈɑjn] (sein) pl. sîn [sˈiːn] adj. new ◇ Ety/385, X/EI

newssiniath [sˈini.ɑθ] n. coll. news, tidings ◇ Ety/385

nightdaw [dˈɑw] n. night-time, gloom ◇ Ety/354* [dˈuː] n. nightfall, late evening, night, dimness ◇ Ety/354, S/430, VT/45:9fuin* [fˈujn] n. night, dead of night, gloom, darkness ◇ Ety/354, Ety/382, S/431môr* [mˈɔːr] n. darkness, dark, night ◇ Ety/373, Letters/382tinnu [tˈinnu] (tindu) n. 1. dusk, twilight, early night (without moon) ○ 2. starry twilight ◇ Ety/355, Ety/393, X/ND2

nightfall* [dˈuː] n. nightfall, late evening, night, dimness ◇ Ety/354, S/430, VT/45:9

nightingaledúlinn [dˈuːlinn] (dúlind, dúlin*) n. Orn. nightingale ◇ Ety/354, Ety/369, S/430, X/ND4merilin [mˈɛrilˌin] (mœrilind) n. Orn. nightingale (bird) ◇ Ety/394, X/ND4

nineneder* [nˈɛdɛr] adj. num. nine ◇ Ety/376, VT/42:25

ninthnedrui* [nˈɛdruj] adj. num. ninth ◇ VT/42:10

noal- [ɑl] pref. no, not ◇ Ety/367ú* [ˈuː] pref. no, not (negative prefix or particle) ◇ WJ/369, LotR/A(v)

nobleara-* [ɑrɑ] (ar-*) pref. high, noble, royal ◇ S/428arod* [ˈɑrɔd] adj. noble ◇ PM/363, VT/41:9arphen* [ˈɑrfɛn] pl. erphin* [ˈɛrfin] n. a noble ◇ WJ/376arth* [ˈɑrθ] adj. (unknown meaning, perhaps noble, lofty, exalted) ← Arthedain LotRbrand [brˈɑnd] (brann) adj. 1. lofty, noble, fine ○ 2. high (in size) ◇ Ety/351, TAI/150, X/ND1rodwen* [rˈɔdwɛn] n. high virgin noble ◇ WJ/317

noiseglam* [glˈɑm] (glamm*, glamb*) n. 1. barbarous speech, shouting, confused noise ○ 2. din, uproar, the confused yelling and bellowing of beasts ○ 3. by ext. as a coll. noun, any body of orcs ◇ Ety/358, Ety/377, WJ/390, WJ/416

noisybrui* [brˈuj] adj. loud, noisy ← Bruinen LotR/Index

noosenŷw* [nˈyːw] (hniof) n. noose ◇ Ety/387, X/IU

northforn* [fˈɔrn] n. right, north ◇ Ety/382, UT/426, S/431forod* [fˈɔrɔd] n. north ◇ Ety/382, S/431, LotR/Eforven [fˈɔrvɛn] n. north ◇ Ety/382fuir* [fˈujr] adj. north ◇ VT/42:20

northernforodren [fɔrˈɔdrɛn] adj. northern ◇ Ety/382

northmenforodrim [fɔrˈɔdrim] n. class pl. northmen ◇ Ety/392forodwaith [fɔrˈɔdwɑjθ] (forodweith) n. pl. 1. northmen ○ 2. by ext. lands of the north ◇ Ety/382, Ety/398, X/EI

nosebund [bˈund] (bunn) n. 1. snout, nose ○ 2. by ext. cape (of land) ◇ Ety/372, X/ND2nem [nˈɛm] (nemb) n. Biol. nose ◇ Ety/376

notal- [ɑl] pref. no, not ◇ Ety/367ú* [ˈuː] pref. no, not (negative prefix or particle) ◇ WJ/369, LotR/A(v)

notioninc [ˈiŋk] n. guess, idea, notion ◇ Ety/361

novelsinnarn [sˈinnɑrn] n. novel tale ◇ Ety/385

novemberhithui* [hˈiθuj] n. and adj. 1. foggy, misty ○ 2. Cal. as a noun, the month of november ◇ LotR/D

nowsi* [si] adv. now ◇ LotR/IV:X, LB/354

numbergwanod [gwˈɑnɔd] n. tale, number ◇ Ety/378

numberlessarnediad [ɑrnˈɛdi.ɑd] (arnœdiad*) adj. innumerable, countless, endless, without reckoning, numberless ◇ Ety/349, Ety/378, S/428

numerousrem* II [rˈɛm] (rhem, rhemb) adj. frequent, numerous ◇ Ety/383, X/RH

oakdoron [dˈɔrɔn] pl. deren (dœrœn) n. Bot. oak ◇ Ety/355, VT/45:11

oathgwaedh [gwˈɑɛð] n. bond, troth, compact, oath ◇ Ety/397gwest [gwˈɛst] n. oath ◇ Ety/397

obliqueadlant* [ˈɑdlɑnt] (atlant) adj. oblique, slanting ◇ Ety/390, X/TL

obscuredoll [dˈɔll] (dolt) adj. dark, dusky, obscure ◇ Ety/355, Ety/376, X/LDgwathra-* [gwˈɑθrɑ] v. to overshadow, dim, veil, obscure ◇ VT/42:9hethu* [hˈɛθu] (hethw) adj. foggy, obscure, vague ◇ Ety/364, X/W

obstinatetarlanc [tˈɑrlɑŋk] adj. stiff-necked, obstinate ◇ Ety/390

occasion* [lˈuː] (lhû) n. a time, occasion ◇ Ety/370, X/LH

oceangaearon* [gˈɑɛ.ɑrɔn] (gaeron*) n. great sea, ocean ◇ PM/363, PM/348, RGEO/72-73

octobernarbeleth* [nˈɑrbɛlɛθ] n. Cal. october (month) ◇ LotR/D

odourûl [ˈuːl] n. odour ◇ Ety/378

ofned* [nɛd] prep. in, of (time, e.g. giving a date) ◇ SD/129-31o* I [ɔ] (od*) prep. from, of; preposition (as a proclitic) used in either direction, from or to the point of view of the speaker ◇ Ety/360, WJ/366, WJ/369-70, LotR/II:IV, SD/129-31, RGEO/72According to WJ/366, the preposition "is normally o in all positions, though od appears occasionally before vowels, especially before o-". With a suffixed article, see also uinuin* [ujn] prep. of the ◇ SD/129-31

offego* [ˈɛgɔ] interj. be off! ◇ WJ/365

oldbrûn [brˈuːn] adj. old, that has long endured, or been established, or in use ◇ Ety/353gern [gˈɛrn] adj. worn, old, decripit (used of things only) ◇ Ety/360iaur* [jˈɑur] adj. 1. ancient, old, original ○ 2. older, former ◇ Ety/358, Ety/399, S/433, UT/384ingem [ˈiŋgɛm] adj. old (of person, in mortal sense: decripit, suffering from old age) ◇ Ety/358, Ety/399, Ety/400New word coined by the Elves after meeting with meniphant* [ˈiffɑnt] (ifant) adj. aged, long-lived, old (with no connotation of weakness) ◇ Ety/358, Ety/399, X/PH

olderiaur* [jˈɑur] adj. 1. ancient, old, original ○ 2. older, former ◇ Ety/358, Ety/399, S/433, UT/384

oldestiarwain* [jˈɑrwɑjn] adj. oldest ◇ LotR/II:II

onbo* [bɔ] prep. on ◇ VT/44:21,26erin* [ɛrin] prep. on the ◇ SD/129-31lim* I [lˈim] adv. (?) on ← noro lim LotR/I:XII, RS/196See noro for discussion

oneer- [ɛr] pref. alone, one ◇ VT/42:19min I [mˈin] adj. num. one ◇ Ety/373pen* II [pɛn] pron. one, somebody, anybody ◇ WJ/376Usually enclitic; mutated as ben

openedra-* [ˈɛdrɑ] v. to open ◈ edro* [ˈɛdrɔ] v. imp. of edra-, open! ◇ Ety/357, LotR/II:IVladen* [lˈɑdɛn] (lhaden) pl. ledin* [lˈɛdin] (lhedin) adj. open, cleared ◇ Ety/368, X/LHpanna- I [pˈɑnnɑ] v. to open, to enlarge ◈ panno [pˈɑnnɔ] v. inf. of panna- I, to open, to enlarge ◇ Ety/380

openingdîn II [dˈiːn] n. opening, gap, pass in mountains ◇ Ety/354

oppressbaugla- [bˈɑuglɑ] v. to oppress ◈ bauglo [bˈɑuglɔ] v. inf. of baugla-, to oppress ◇ Ety/372

oppressionthang* [θˈɑŋ] n. compulsion, duress, need, oppression ◇ Ety/388, S/438

oppressivebaug [bˈɑug] adj. tyrannous, cruel, oppressive ◇ Ety/372

oppressorbauglir [bˈɑuglir] n. tyrant, oppressor ◇ Ety/372

oregor* [ˈɛgɔr] conj. or ◇ SD/129-31

orcglam* [glˈɑm] (glamm*, glamb*) n. 1. barbarous speech, shouting, confused noise ○ 2. din, uproar, the confused yelling and bellowing of beasts ○ 3. by ext. as a coll. noun, any body of orcs ◇ Ety/358, Ety/377, WJ/390, WJ/416glamhoth* [glˈɑm.hɔθ] n. class pl. barbaric host of Orcs ◇ Ety/358, Ety/364, Ety/377, UT/39, UT/54, WJ/390glamog* [glˈɑmɔg] n. sing. of glam, an Orc, "a yelling one" ◇ WJ/390orch* [ˈɔrx] pl. yrch* [ˈyrx] (eirch, erch) n. goblin, Orc ◇ Ety/379, LR/406, WJ/390, LotR/II:VI, LotR/F, Letters/178orchoth* [ˈɔrxɔθ] n. class pl. of orch, orcs, as a race ◇ WJ/390urug* [ˈurug] n. orc (rarely used) ◇ WJ/390See also orch

orientamrûn* [ˈɑmruːn] n. east, orient ◇ Ety/348, Ety/384, S/437, LotR/E

ourmín* II [mˈiːn] (min*) adj. our ◇ VT/44:21,22,28

outed- [ɛd] pref. forth, out ◇ Ety/356

outcrycaun* I [kˈɑun] n. outcry, clamor ◇ PM/361-362

outlinecant [kˈɑnt] pl. caint* [kˈɑjnt] n. outline, shape ← morchaint S/432, Ety/362, VT/42:28

overor- [ɔr] pref. above, over ◇ Ety/379or [ɔr] prep. above, over ◇ Ety/379thar-* [θɑr] pref. across, athwart, over, beyond ◇ Ety/388, S/438

overshadowgwathra-* [gwˈɑθrɑ] v. to overshadow, dim, veil, obscure ◇ VT/42:9

overwhelmingtaur III [tˈɑur] adj. mighty, vast, overwhelming, huge, awful, high, sublime ◇ Ety/395

owngarn [gˈɑrn] n. own, property ◇ Ety/360

painnaeg [nˈɑɛg] n. pain ◇ Ety/375naegra-* [nˈɑɛgrɑ] v. to pain ◈ naegro* [nˈɑɛgrɔ] (negro) v. inf. of naegra-, to pain ◇ Ety/375, X/Z

palegael [gˈɑɛl] adj. pale, glimmering ◇ Ety/358maidh [mˈɑjð] (meidh) adj. pale, fallow, fawn ◇ Ety/371, X/EImalu* [mˈɑlu] (malw) adj. fallow, pale ◇ Ety/386, X/Wnimp [nˈimp] (nim-) adj. pale, white ◇ Ety/378thind* [θˈind] (thinn) adj. grey, pale ◇ Ety/392, S/438

palisadecail* [kˈɑjl] n. fence or palisade of spikes and sharp stakes ◇ UT/282

pallorniphred* [nˈifrɛd] (nifred) n. pallor, fear ◇ Ety/378, S/435, X/PH

palmcamlann* [kˈɑmlɑnn] (camland) n. palm of hand ◇ Ety/367, X/ND4talf* I [tˈɑlv] (dalf) n. palm of hand ◇ Ety/353

parentodhril [ˈɔðril̡] n. f. parent ◇ Ety/379odhron [ˈɔðrɔn] n. m. parent ◇ Ety/379

passaglonn* [ˈɑglɔnn] (aglond, aglon) n. defile, pass between high walls ◇ Ety/348, X/ND4cîl [kˈiːl] n. cleft, pass between hills, gorge ◇ Ety/365cirith* [kˈiriθ] n. cleft, high climbing pass, narrow passage cut through earth or rock ◇ S/387, UT/426, TC/181dîn II [dˈiːn] n. opening, gap, pass in mountains ◇ Ety/354

passagependrath [pˈɛndrɑθ] (pendrad) n. passage up or down slope, stairway ◇ Ety/380, X/ND3

pasturenadhor [nˈɑðr̩] n. pasture ◇ Ety/374nadhras [nˈɑðrɑs] n. pasture ◇ Ety/374

pathlond* [lˈɔnd] (lonn*, lhonn) n. 1. narrow path or strait ○ 2. by ext. entrance to harbour, land-locked haven ◇ Ety/348, Ety/370, S/434, UT/450, VT/42:10, X/LH, X/ND1râd [rˈɑːd] n. path, track ◇ Ety/383tarag [tˈɑrɑg] n. 1. horn ○ 2. by ext. steep mountain path ◇ Ety/391

pathwaybâd [bˈɑːd] n. beaten track, pathway ◇ Ety/351

pausedaur* [dˈɑur] n. 1. pause, stop ○ 2. by ext. league (about 3 miles) ◇ UT/279, UT/285post [pˈɔst] n. pause, halt, rest, cessation, respite ◇ Ety/382

peacesîdh [sˈiːð] n. peace ◇ Ety/385

peakaegas* [ˈɑɛgɑs] (oegas) pl. aegais* [ˈɑɛgɑjs] (oeges) n. mountain peak ◇ Ety/349, X/OEaeglir* [ˈɑɛglir] (oeglir) n. range of mountain peaks ← Hithaeglir LotR, Ety/349, X/OEegnas [ˈɛgnɑs] n. 1. sharp point ○ 2. by ext. peak ◇ VT/45:12

pedlarbachor [bˈɑxr̩] n. pedlar ◇ Ety/372

pentegil* [tˈɛgil̡] n. pen ◇ PM/318Sindarized form of Quenya tekil, not known to the Sindar until the coming of the Ñoldor (but see however tegol for a possible dialectal variant)tegol [tˈɛgl̩] (tegl) n. pen ◇ Ety/391It is stated in PM/318 that "tegil was a Sindarized form of Quenya tekil "pen", not known to the Sindar until the coming of the Ñoldor". It must be assumed therefore that tegol was either rejected by Tolkien, or that it may perhaps have been considered as a dialectal variant. For a similar case where both a true Sindarin/Noldorin word and a Sindarized form conceivably coexist, see magol and megil "sword" (it is unlikely that weapons were not known to the Sindar)

penetratingmaeg* [mˈɑɛg] adj. sharp, piercing, penetrating, going deep in something ◇ S/434, WJ/337

peoplegwaith* [gwˈɑjθ] n. 1. troop of able-bodied men, people ○ 2. by ext. region, wilderness ◇ Ety/398

permissiondâf [dˈɑːv] n. permission ◇ Ety/353

pettyniben* [nˈibɛn] pl. nibin* [nˈibin] adj. small, petty ◇ S/435, WJ/388, WJ/408

piercingmaeg* [mˈɑɛg] adj. sharp, piercing, penetrating, going deep in something ◇ S/434, WJ/337

pilgrimrandír* [rˈɑndiːr] (rhandir) n. m. wanderer, pilgrim ◇ Ety/383, VT/42:13, X/RH

pillarthafn [θˈɑvn] n. post, wooden pillar ◇ Ety/387

pillowpesseg [pˈɛssɛg] n. pillow ◇ Ety/366

pimpernelelanor* [ˈɛlɑnɔr] n. Bot. a flower, a kind of enlarged pimpernel bearing golden and silver flowers ◇ LotR/VI:IX, UT/432, Letters/402

pintachol [tˈɑxl̩] (tachl) n. pin, brooch ◇ Ety/389

pinethôn* [θˈɔːn] (thaun) n. Bot. pine-tree ◇ Ety/392, S/438

pinionroval* [rˈɔvɑl] (rhofal) pl. rovail* [rˈɔvɑjl] (rhofel) n. pinion, great wing (of eagle) ← Landroval LotR/VI:IV, Ety/382, X/RH

pipegalenas* [gˈɑlɛnɑs] n. Bot. pipe-weed (leaf) or "westmansweed", a variety of Nicotiana ◇ LotR/V:VIII

pippincordof* [kˈɔrdɔv] n. Bot. pippin (seed of certain fruits, or more probably small red apple) ◇ SD/129-31

pitdath [dˈɑθ] n. hole, pit ◇ Ety/354

pivotpelthaes [pˈɛl̡θɑɛs] n. pivot ◇ Ety/380, Ety/390

placedôr* [dˈɔːr] (dor*) n. land, dwelling-place, region where certain people live ◇ Ety/376, S/430, WJ/413, Letters/417, VT/45:38The form dor in the Etymologies is a misreading, see VT/45. In composition and in toponyms, the word is nevertheless reduced to Dor

plainlad* [lˈɑd] n. plain, valley ◇ S/433talath* [tˈɑlɑθ] (dalath) n. 1. flat surface, plane ○ 2. flat land, plain, (wide) valley ← Talath Dirnen UT/465, Ety/353, S/437

planetalath* [tˈɑlɑθ] (dalath) n. 1. flat surface, plane ○ 2. flat land, plain, (wide) valley ← Talath Dirnen UT/465, Ety/353, S/437

plankpân I [pˈɑːn] pl. pain* [pˈɑjn] (pein) n. plank, fixed board, especially in floor ◇ Ety/380, X/EI

plantaeglos* [ˈɑɛglɔs] n. 1. Bot. snowthorn, a plant like furze (gorse), but larger and with white flowers ○ 2. Geol. icicle (a pendent spear of ice formed by the freezing of dripping water) ◇ UT/417, LotR/Indexgalas [gˈɑlɑs] n. growth, plant ◇ Ety/357seregon* [sˈɛrɛgɔn] n. Bot. "Blood of Stone", a plant of the kind called in English "stonecrop", with deep red flowers, that grew on Amon Rûdh ◇ S/437

platformtalan* [tˈɑlɑn] pl. telain* [tˈɛlɑjn] n. wooden platform (in the trees of Lothlórien where the Galadhrim dwelt) ◇ UT/465, LotR/II:VI

playganna- [gˈɑnnɑ] v. to play a harp ◈ gannada- [gˈɑnnɑdɑ] v. to play a harp ◈ gannado [gˈɑnnɑdɔ] v. inf. of gannada-, to play a harp ◇ Ety/377ganno [gˈɑnnɔ] v. inf. of ganna-, to play a harp ◇ Ety/377telia- [tˈɛli.ɑ] (teilia-) v. to play ◈ telien [tˈɛli.ɛn] (teilien) n. sport, play ◇ Ety/395telio [tˈɛli.ɔ] (teilio) v. inf. of telia-, to play ◇ Ety/395

poemglaer [glˈɑɛr] n. long lay, narrative poem ◇ Ety/359Written glær (with ae-ligature) in the Etymologiesglîr [glˈiːr] n. song, poem, lay ◇ Ety/359

pointaeg* [ˈɑɛg] n. point ← aeglir, aeglos, etc.The adjective oeg "sharp, pointed, piercing" from Ety/349 is perhaps rejected: Tolkien later decided that no cognate of Quenya aica "fell, terrible, dire" was used in Sindarin, "though aeg would have been its form if it had occurred" (PM/347). On the other hand, we have words such as aeglos and aeglir, so there must be a noun aeg "point"ecthel [ˈɛkθɛl̡] (egthel) n. point (of spear) ◇ Ety/388egnas [ˈɛgnɑs] n. 1. sharp point ○ 2. by ext. peak ◇ VT/45:12ment [mˈɛnt] n. point ◇ Ety/373nass [nˈɑss] n. 1. point, (sharp) end ○ 2. angle or corner ◇ Ety/375, VT/45:37nasta- [nˈɑstɑ] v. to prick, point, stick, thrust ◇ Ety/375, VT45:37thela [θˈɛlɑ] n. point (of spear) ◇ Ety/388till [tˈil̡l] (tild) n. horn, point ◇ Ety/393

pointedmegor* [mˈɛgr̩] adj. sharp-pointed ← *megr WJ/337

poisonsaew [sˈɑɛw] n. poison ◇ Ety/385

pollenmâl [mˈɑːl] pl. mail* [mˈɑjl] (meil, mely) n. pollen, yellow powder ◇ Ety/386, X/EI

ponderingidhren [ˈiðrɛn] adj. pondering, wise, thoughtful ◇ Ety/361

poolael* [ˈɑɛl] (oel) pl. aelin* [ˈɑɛlin] (oelin) n. lake, pool, mere ◇ Ety/349, S/427, X/OEboth [bˈɔθ] n. puddle, small pool ◇ Ety/372lîn* [lˈiːn] (lhîn) n. pool ◇ Ety/369, X/LHliniath [lˈini.ɑθ] n. coll. of lîn, pools ← Hithliniath WJ/194loeg* [lˈɔɛg] n. pool ◇ S/407nen* [nˈɛn] pl. nîn* [nˈiːn] n. 1. water (used of a lake, pool or lesser river) ○ 2. by ext. waterland ◇ Ety/376, S/435, UT/457rim* II [rˈim] (rhim, rhimb) n. cold pool or lake (in mountains) ◇ Ety/384, X/RH

poorfaeg* [fˈɑɛg] (foeg) adj. mean, poor, bad ◇ Ety/387, X/OE

poplartulus [tˈulus] pl. tylys [ˈtylys] n. Bot. poplar-tree ◇ Ety/395

posttagol* [tˈɑgl̩] n. post, mark ← glandagol VT/42:8, VT/42:28thafn [θˈɑvn] n. post, wooden pillar ◇ Ety/387

pottercennan [kˈɛnnɑn] n. potter ◇ Ety/390

powdermâl [mˈɑːl] pl. mail* [mˈɑjl] (meil, mely) n. pollen, yellow powder ◇ Ety/386, X/EI

powerbalan* [bˈɑlɑn] pl. belain* [bˈɛlɑjn] (belein, belen) n. Theo. Vala, divine power, divinity ◇ Ety/350, S/439, Letters/427, X/EI

praiseegleria-* [ɛglˈɛri.ɑ] v. to glorify, to praise ◈ eglerio* [ɛglˈɛri.ɔ] v. imp. of egleria-, glorify! praise! ◇ LotR/VI:IV, Letters/308

precipicerhass II [ɹ̥ˈɑss] n. precipice ◇ Ety/363

prickeitha-* [ˈɛjθɑ] v. 1. to prick with a sharp point, to stab ○ 2. by ext. to treat with scorn, insult ◇ WJ/365ercha- [ˈɛrxɑ] v. to prick ◈ ercho [ˈɛrxɔ] v. inf. of ercha-, to prick ◇ Ety/356nasta- [nˈɑstɑ] v. to prick, point, stick, thrust ◇ Ety/375, VT45:37

prickleerch I [ˈɛrx] n. prickle ◇ Ety/356

princecaun* IV [kˈɑun] pl. conin* [kˈɔnin] n. prince, ruler ◇ LotR/VI:IV, Letters/308cund* [kˈund] (cunn) n. Arch. prince ◇ Ety/366, VT/45:24, X/ND1ernil* I [ˈɛrnil̡] pl. ernil* n. prince ◇ LotR/VI:IV, Letters/308, UT/428, RGEO/75

prisonband* [bˈɑnd] (bann) n. duress, prison, custody, safe-keeping ◇ Ety/371, S/428, MR/350, X/ND1gador [gˈɑdr̩] (gadr) n. prison, dungeon ◇ Ety/358

privatesaid* [sˈɑjd] adj. private, separate, not common, excluded ◇ VT/42:20

promontorynaith* [nˈɑjθ] pl. natsai [nˈɑtsɑj] n. any formation or projection tapering to a point: a spearhead, gore, wedge, narrow promontory, triangle ◇ Ety/387, UT/282

pronedadbenn [dˈɑdbɛnn] (dadben) adv. downhill, inclined, prone ◇ Ety/354, Ety/380, X/ND4

proptulu [tˈulu] n. support, prop ◇ Ety/395

propertygarn [gˈɑrn] n. own, property ◇ Ety/360

protectberia- [bˈɛri.ɑ] v. to protect ◈ berio [bˈɛri.ɔ] v. inf. of beria-, to protect ◇ Ety/351

provinceardhon* [ˈɑrðɔn] n. 1. great region, province ○ 2. by ext. world ← Calenardhon S/386, PM/348

puddleboth [bˈɔθ] n. puddle, small pool ◇ Ety/372

puffhwest* [ʍˈɛst] (chwest) n. puff, breath, breeze ◇ Ety/388, X/HW

purposethel-* [θˈɛl̡] v. to intend, mean, purpose, resolve, will ◇ WJ/318-319

quarrelcost [kˈɔst] n. quarrel ◇ Ety/365

quartercanath* [kˈɑnɑθ] n. 'quarter', silver coin used in Gondor, the fourth part of a 'mirian' → mirianPM/45

queenbereth* [bˈɛrɛθ] n. queen, spouse ◇ Ety/351, RGEO/74rîn* I [rˈiːn] (rhîn, rhien) n. and adj. 1. crowned ○ 2. by ext. as a noun, crowned lady, queen ◇ Ety/393, Ety/389, X/RHrîs* [rˈiːs] (rhîs) n. queen ◇ Ety/383, X/RH

quenchluithia-* [lˈujθi.ɑ] v. to quench ← uluithiad SD/62

quenchingluithiad* [lˈujθi.ɑd] ger. of luithia-, quenching ← uluithiad SD/62uluithiad* [ulˈujθi.ɑd] adj. unquenchable, without quenching ◇ SD/62

quitefar [fˈɑr] adj. or adv. sufficient, enough, quite ◇ Ety/381

racenûr II [nˈuːr] n. race ◇ Ety/378

radiancegalad* [gˈɑlɑd] n. light, radiance, glittering, reflection (from jewels, glass or polished metal, or water) ◇ VT/45:13, PM/347, Letters/425glaw [glˈɑw] n. radiance ◇ Ety/362glawar [glˈɑwɑr] n. Theo. sunlight, radiance (of the golden tree Laurelin) ◇ Ety/368, VT/45:15

radiantfaen* [fˈɑɛn] (foen) adj. radiant, white ◇ Ety/381, X/OE

rainross* I [rˈɔss] (rhoss) n. rain ◇ Ety/384, X/RH

rainboweiliant [ˈɛjli.ɑnt] (eilianw, eilian) n. rainbow ◇ Ety/360, Ety/400See ianu and iant for a discussionninniach* [nˈinni.ɑx] n. rainbow ◇ S/387

raiseortha- [ˈɔrθɑ] pa. t. orthant [ˈɔrθɑnt] v. to raise ◇ Ety/379ortho [ˈɔrθɔ] v. inf. of ortha-, to raise ◇ Ety/379

rangelîr* [lˈiːr] (lhîr) n. row, range ◇ Ety/369, X/LH

ransomdanwedh* [dˈɑnwɛð] n. ransom ◇ S/384

rapidlagor* [lˈɑgr̩] (lhagr) adj. swift, rapid ◇ Ety/367, X/LH

ratnâr [nˈɑːr] n. rat ◇ Ety/379

rathersennui* [sˈɛnnuj] adj. rather, instead (used as an adverb?) ◇ SD/129-31

ravencraban* [krˈɑbɑn] pl. crebain* [krˈɛbɑjn] n. kind of crow of large size, raven ◇ LotR/II:III

ravinefalch* [fˈɑlx] n. deep cleft, ravine ← Orfalch Echor UT/468iau II [jˈɑu] n. ravine, cleft, gulf ◇ Ety/400riss* [rˈiss] (rhis, rhess) n. ravine ◇ Ety/384, X/RH

readinesshûr [hˈuːr] n. readiness for action, vigour, fiery spirit ◇ Ety/364

realmardh [ˈɑrð] n. realm, region ◇ Ety/360

reapcritha- [krˈiθɑ] v. to reap ◈ critho [krˈiθɔ] v. inf. of critha-, to reap ◇ Ety/365

rearadel [ɑdɛl̡] prep. behind, in rear (of) ◇ Ety/392tele [tˈɛlɛ] pl. telei [tˈɛlɛj] n. end, rear, hindmost part ◇ Ety/392

reciteglir- [glˈir] v. to sing, trill, to recite a poem ◈ gliri (corr. glin) [glˈiri] v. inf. of glir-, to sing, trill, to recite a poem ◇ Ety/359, Ety/369

reckongenedia-* [gɛnˈɛdi.ɑ] v. to reckon ← genediad SD/129-31gonod- [gˈɔnɔd] v. to count, count up, reckon, sum up ◇ Ety/378, Ety/399

reckoninggenediad* [gɛnˈɛdi.ɑd] ger. of genedia-, 1. reckoning ○ 2. by ext. calendar ◇ SD/129-31

recounttrenar- [trˈɛnɑr] pa. t. trenor [trˈɛnɔr] (trener) v. to recount, to tell to end ◇ Ety/374treneri [trˈɛnɛri] v. inf. of trenar-, to recount, to tell to end ◇ Ety/374

redborn* [bˈɔrn] adj. hot, red ◇ Letters/426-27caran* [kˈɑrɑn] adj. red ◇ Ety/362, S/429, LotR/Ecoll I [kˈɔll] adj. (golden) red ◇ Ety/365, X/LDgaer* II [gˈɑɛr] (goer) adj. red, copper-coloured, ruddy ◇ Ety/358, X/OEnaru [nˈɑru] (narw) adj. red ◇ Ety/374, X/Wruin* [rˈujn] adj. (fiery) red ◇ PM/366

reekosp [ˈɔsp] n. reek, smoke ◇ Ety/396

reflectiongalad* [gˈɑlɑd] n. light, radiance, glittering, reflection (from jewels, glass or polished metal, or water) ◇ VT/45:13, PM/347, Letters/425

refusalavad* [ˈɑvɑd] ger. of ava-, refusal, reluctance ◇ WJ/371

regimentgweth [gwˈɛθ] n. 1. manhood ○ 2. by ext. man power, troop of able-bodied men, host, regiment ◇ Ety/398

regionardh [ˈɑrð] n. realm, region ◇ Ety/360ardhon* [ˈɑrðɔn] n. 1. great region, province ○ 2. by ext. world ← Calenardhon S/386, PM/348dôr* [dˈɔːr] (dor*) n. land, dwelling-place, region where certain people live ◇ Ety/376, S/430, WJ/413, Letters/417, VT/45:38The form dor in the Etymologies is a misreading, see VT/45. In composition and in toponyms, the word is nevertheless reduced to Dorgardh* [gˈɑrð] n. 1. bounded or defined region ○ 2. by ext. world ◇ WJ/402gwaith* [gwˈɑjθ] n. 1. troop of able-bodied men, people ○ 2. by ext. region, wilderness ◇ Ety/398

releaseleithia- [lˈɛjθi.ɑ] (lheitho) v. to release ◇ Ety/368, X/LHleithian* [lˈɛjθi.ɑn] (lheithian) n. release, freeing, release from bondage ◇ Ety/368, S/406, X/LH

reluctanceavad* [ˈɑvɑd] ger. of ava-, refusal, reluctance ◇ WJ/371

remaindar- [dˈɑr] v. to stay, wait, stop, remain ◈ dartha- [dˈɑrθɑ] v. to wait, stay, last, endure, remain ◇ Ety/353, VT/45:8deri [dˈɛri] v. inf. of dar-, to stay, wait, stop, remain ◇ Ety/353

remembrancerîn* II [rˈiːn] n. remembrance ◇ PM/372

remotehae* [hˈɑɛ] adj. far, remote, distant ← Gwahaedir PM/186, VT/45:21haered* [hˈɑɛrɛd] n. remote distance, the remote ← na-chaered LotR/II:I, RGEO/72haeron* [hˈɑɛrɔn] adj. far, remote, distant ◇ PM/273

rendnarcha- [nˈɑrxɑ] v. to rend ◇ Ety/374rista-* [rˈistɑ] v. 1. to cut ○ 2. to rend, rip ◈ risto* [rˈistɔ] (rhisto) v. inf. of rista-, 1. to cut ○ 2. to rend, rip ◇ Ety/384, X/RH

replydangweth* [dˈɑŋgwɛθ] n. answer, reply giving new information ◇ PM/395

reposeîdh* [ˈiːð] n. rest, repose ◇ WJ/403

resolvethel-* [θˈɛl̡] v. to intend, mean, purpose, resolve, will ◇ WJ/318-319

resonanttong [tˈɔŋ] adj. taut, tight (of strings), resonant ◇ Ety/395

respitepost [pˈɔst] n. pause, halt, rest, cessation, respite ◇ Ety/382

responsedambeth* [dˈɑmbɛθ] n. answer, response ◇ PM/395In Tolkien's manuscript, this form was rejected in favor of dangweth, with a slightly different meaning. However, it must be assumed that the word is valid per se

restîdh* [ˈiːð] n. rest, repose ◇ WJ/403post [pˈɔst] n. pause, halt, rest, cessation, respite ◇ Ety/382

retainheb-* [hˈɛb] v. to retain, keep, do not give away or release, keep hold of ← *khep VT/41:6

reunionaderthad* [ɑdˈɛrθɑd] ger. of adertha-, reuniting, reunion ◇ S/409

reuniteadertha-* [ɑdˈɛrθɑ] v. to reunite ← Aderthad S/409

reunitingaderthad* [ɑdˈɛrθɑd] ger. of adertha-, reuniting, reunion ◇ S/409

ridenor-* [nˈɔr] v. 1. to run ○ 2. by ext. to ride ◈ noro* [nˈɔrɔ] v. imp. of nor-, ride! ← noro lim LotR/I:XII, RS/196Untranslated in LotR, but written nora-lim and rendered as "ride on" in RS/196 (though it might not be a literal translation). A verb nor- is attested in the old Gnomish lexicon, PE/11:61, with the meaning "to run, roll"

riderrochon* [rˈɔxɔn] n. (horse) rider ◇ UT/463

ridgeceber* [kˈɛbɛr] pl. cebir* [kˈɛbir] n. stake, spike, stone ridge ◇ Ety/363, LotR/II:VIII, S/437pinnath* [pˈinnɑθ] n. coll. ridges ◇ LotR/Index

rigidtharn [θˈɑrn] adj. sapless, stiff, rigid, withered ◇ Ety/388

ringletlaws* [lˈɑws] (lhaws) n. hair ringlet ◇ Ety/370, X/LHloch* [lˈɔx] (lhoch) n. ringlet ◇ Ety/370, X/LH

riprista-* [rˈistɑ] v. 1. to cut ○ 2. to rend, rip ◈ risto* [rˈistɔ] (rhisto) v. inf. of rista-, 1. to cut ○ 2. to rend, rip ◇ Ety/384, X/RH

riseeria- [ˈɛri.ɑ] v. to rise ◈ erio [ˈɛri.ɔ] v. inf. of eria-, to rise ◇ Ety/379

risingorthad* [ˈɔrθɑd] ger. of ortha-, rising ◇ MR/373

rivercelon [kˈɛlɔn] n. river ← Celon (name) Ety/363duin* [dˈujn] n. (long and large) river ◇ S/430, LotR/F, TC/179ethir* I [ˈɛθir] n. mouth of river, estuary ◇ LotR/II:X, Ety/356nen* [nˈɛn] pl. nîn* [nˈiːn] n. 1. water (used of a lake, pool or lesser river) ○ 2. by ext. waterland ◇ Ety/376, S/435, UT/457sîr* [sˈiːr] n. river ◇ Ety/385, S/437sirion [sˈiri.ɔn] n. great river ← Sirion Ety/385

riverbedrant* [rˈɑnt] n. 1. lode, vein ○ 2. course, riverbed ◇ Ety/383, S/436rath* [rˈɑθ] n. 1. course, riverbed ○ 2. street ◇ Ety/383, LotR/Index

roadmen* II [mˈɛn] n. way, road ◇ UT/281

rockgond* [gˈɔnd] (gonn) n. great stone, rock ◇ Ety/359, S/431, X/ND1

roofortheli [ˈɔrθɛli] v. inf. to roof, screen above ◇ Ety/391rond* [rˈɔnd] (rhond, rhonn) n. 1. cave ○ 2. vaulted or arched roof, as seen from below (and usually not visible from outside), or a (large) hall of chamber so roofed ◇ Ety/384, S/437, WJ/414, X/RH, X/ND1telu [tˈɛlu] n. dome, high roof ◇ Ety/391toba- [tˈɔbɑ] v. to cover, roof over ◈ tobo [tˈɔbɔ] v. inf. of toba-, to cover, roof over ◇ Ety/394

roofingtobas [tˈɔbɑs] n. roofing ◇ Ety/394

rootsolch [sˈɔlx] n. Bot. root (especially as edible) ◇ Ety/388thond* [θˈɔnd] n. root ◇ LotR/E, Letters/178

ropehithlain* [hˈiθlɑjn] n. mist-thread, a substance used by the Elves of Lothlórien to make strong ropes ◇ LotR/II:VIII, LotR/Indexraph* [rˈɑf] n. rope ← Udalraph UT/424

rosemeril* [mˈɛril̡] n. Bot. rose (flower) ◇ SD/129-31

rottenthaw [θˈɑw] adj. corrupt, rotten ◇ Ety/393

roundcorn [kˈɔrn] adj. round, globed ◇ Ety/365

rowlîr* [lˈiːr] (lhîr) n. row, range ◇ Ety/369, X/LH [tˈiː] n. line, row ◇ Ety/392

royalara-* [ɑrɑ] (ar-*) pref. high, noble, royal ◇ S/428arn* [ˈɑrn] adj. royal ← arn(a)gon-ath Letters/427See also arnen

ruddycrann [krˈɑnn] adj. ruddy (of face) ◇ Ety/362gaer* II [gˈɑɛr] (goer) adj. red, copper-coloured, ruddy ◇ Ety/358, X/OEgruin [grˈujn] adj. ruddy ◇ Ety/384

rulercaun* IV [kˈɑun] pl. conin* [kˈɔnin] n. prince, ruler ◇ LotR/VI:IV, Letters/308

rulingconui* [kˈɔnuj] adj. commanding, ruling (?) ← Argonui LotR/A(ii)

runnor-* [nˈɔr] v. 1. to run ○ 2. by ext. to ride

runeangerthas* [ɑŋgˈɛrθɑs] n. Ling. runic alphabet, long rune-rows (extended version of the Cirth) ◇ S/427, LotR/Ecerth* [kˈɛrθ] pl. cirth* [kˈirθ] n. rune ◇ WJ/396, LotR/Ecerthas* [kˈɛrθɑs] n. Ling. runic alphabet, rune-rows ◇ LotR/E

runningcell* [kˈɛl̡l] adj. 1. running ○ 2. by ext. flowing (of water) ← Celduin LotR/Map

rushingalag [ˈɑlɑg] adj. rushing, impetuous ◇ Ety/348, VT/45:5asgar [ˈɑsgɑr] (ascar) adj. violent, rushing, impetuous ◇ Ety/386

rustlinglhoss* [ɬɔˈss] (floss, thloss) n. whisper or rustling sound ◇ Ety/386, X/LHrhoss* II [ɹ̥ˈɔss] (thross) n. whisper or rustling sound ◇ Ety/386, X/RH

saddem [dˈɛm] adj. sad, gloomy ◇ Ety/354No language indication in the Etymologies, but Noldorin from context and phonological evidencenaer* [nˈɑɛr] (noer) adj. sad, lamentable ◇ Ety/375, X/OEnûr* III [nˈuːr] adj. sad ← Núrnen UT/458This word is interpolated from Christopher Tolkien's index to UT. But for a complete discussion, see ETdM/IV:160 §147. The meaning of Núrnen remains highly hypothetical

safeband* [bˈɑnd] (bann) n. duress, prison, custody, safe-keeping ◇ Ety/371, S/428, MR/350, X/ND1

saganarn* [nˈɑrn] pl. nern* [nˈɛrn] n. a tale or a saga, that is told in verse to be spoken and not sung ◇ Ety/374, WJ/313, MR/373, S/412

sailrevia-* [rˈɛvi.ɑ] v. 1. to fly, sail ○ 2. to wander ◈ revio* [rˈɛvi.ɔ] (rhevio (corr. rhenio)) v. inf. of revia-, 1. to fly, sail ○ 2. to wander ◇ Ety/382, X/RH

sailorcirion* [kˈiri.ɔn] n. m. shipman, sailor ← Cirion (name)

salveglaew [glˈɑɛw] n. salve ◇ Ety/369

sanctuaryiaun [jˈɑun] n. holy place, fane, sanctuary ◇ Ety/400

sandlith* [lˈiθ] n. ash, sand, dust ◇ Ety/369, S/434, TC/178

saplesstharn [θˈɑrn] adj. sapless, stiff, rigid, withered ◇ Ety/388

savingedraith* [ˈɛdrɑjθ] n. saving ◇ LotR/II:IV, TI/175

sayped-* [pˈɛd] pa. t. pent* [pˈɛnt] v. to speak, to say ← pedo, arphent LotR/II:IV, TL/21:09pedo* [pˈɛdɔ] v. imp. of ped-, speak! say! ◇ LotR/II:IV, Letters/424

scionion* [jˈɔn] (iond*, ionn) n. m. 1. son ○ 2. by ext. scion, male descendant ◇ Ety/400, MR/373, X/ND1, X/ND2For the second meaning, cf. Hadorion, a Húrin's epithet in WJ/294, Hurinionath referring to the house of Húrin the Steward in PM/202-3,218, and Gil-Galad's epithet Ereinion, cf. also the gloss of the old Qenya cognate yondo "descendant of" in PE/12:106, or the use of the same suffix in later Quenya names such as Isildurioni and Anárioni "Heirs of Isildur (resp. Anárion)" in PM/192,196

scorneitha-* [ˈɛjθɑ] v. 1. to prick with a sharp point, to stab ○ 2. by ext. to treat with scorn, insult ◇ WJ/365iaew [jˈɑɛw] n. mocking, scorn ◇ Ety/400

scratchrhib-* II [ɹ̥ib-] v. to scratch ◈ rhibi* [ɹ̥ˈibi] (thribi) v. inf. of rhib- II, to scratch ◇ Ety/387, X/RH

screenesgal* [ˈɛsgɑl] n. veil, screen, cover that hides ◇ S/431haltha- [hˈɑlθɑ] v. to screen ◇ Ety/386ortheli [ˈɔrθɛli] v. inf. to roof, screen above ◇ Ety/391

seaaear* [ˈɑɛ.ɑr] n. sea ◈ Tolkien changed this word several times, see gaearaearon* [ˈɑɛ.ɑrɔn] n. great sea, ocean ◈ Tolkien changed this word several times, see gaearonaer* I [ˈɑɛr] n. sea ◈ Tolkien changed this word several times, see aear, gaeargaear* [gˈɑɛ.ɑr] (oear) n. sea ◇ Ety/349, PM/363, RGEO/73gaearon* [gˈɑɛ.ɑrɔn] (gaeron*) n. great sea, ocean ◇ PM/363, PM/348, RGEO/72-73gaer* III [gˈɑɛr] (oer) n. sea ◇ Ety/349, S/431, PM/363

seashellhalf [hˈɑlv] n. seashell ◇ Ety/389

seasonechuir* [ˈɛxujr] n. Cal. a season, the beginning of spring ◇ LotR/D, SD/129-31ethuil* [ˈɛθujl] n. Cal. season of spring ◇ LotR/D, SD/129-31firith* [fˈiriθ] n. Cal. season of fading ◇ LotR/Diavas* [jˈɑvɑs] n. Cal. season of autumn ◇ LotR/Dlaer* I [lˈɑɛr] n. Cal. season of summer ◇ LotR/Dlasbelin* [lˈɑsbɛlin] (lhasbelin) n. Cal. season of autumn ◇ Ety/366-367, X/LHrhîw* [ɹ̥ˈiːw] n. Cal. winter season ◇ LotR/D

seaweedgaeruil* [gˈɑɛrujl] (oeruil) n. Bot. seaweed ← gaer PM/363, Ety/396uil [ˈujl] n. Bot. seaweed ◇ Ety/396See also gaeruil

secondedwen* [ˈɛdwɛn] adj. num. second ◇ SD/129-31tadui* [tˈɑduj] adj. num. second ◇ VT/42:10taid* [tˈɑjd] adj. second (in the sense of supporting, second in command) ◇ VT/42:25

secretthurin [θˈurin] adj. secret, hidden ◇ LB/304, Ety/394

seecen- [kˈɛn] v. to see ← cenedril TI/184tíra-* [tˈiːrɑ] v. to see ← tírad SD/129-31tírad* [tˈiːrɑd] ger. of tíra-, to see, for the seing ◇ SD/129-31

seedcordof* [kˈɔrdɔv] n. Bot. pippin (seed of certain fruits, or more probably small red apple) ◇ SD/129-31eredh [ˈɛrɛð] n. seed, germ ◇ Ety/356

seeingcened [kˈɛnɛd] ger. of cen-, seeing, sight ← cenedril TI/184

seemthia- [θˈi.ɑ] v. to appear, seem ◈ thio [θˈi.ɔ] v. inf. of thia-, to seem ◇ Ety/392

seingtírad* [tˈiːrɑd] ger. of tíra-, to see, for the seing ◇ SD/129-31

separatesaid* [sˈɑjd] adj. private, separate, not common, excluded ◇ VT/42:20

septemberivanneth* [ivˈɑnnɛθ] n. Cal. september (month) ◇ LotR/D

serpentlhûg* [ɬˈuːg] n. Zool. snake, serpent ◇ Ety/370, S/434limlug* [lˈimlug] (lhimlug) n. fish-dragon, sea-serpent ◇ Ety/370, X/LH

servebuia- [bˈuj.ɑ] v. to serve, to hold allegiance to ◈ buio [bˈuj.ɔ] v. inf. of buia-, to serve, to hold allegiance to ◇ Ety/353

setpenia- [pˈɛni.ɑ] v. to fix, to set ◈ penio [pˈɛni.ɔ] v. inf. of penia-, to fix, to set ◇ Ety/380

sevenodog* [ˈɔdɔg] adj. num. seven ◇ Ety/379, VT/42:25

seventhodothui* [ˈɔdɔθuj] adj. num. seventh ◇ TI/312, WR/436, VT:42:25See also othuiothui* [ˈɔθuj] adj. num. seventh ◇ VT/42:10,25

shadegwath* [gwˈɑθ] n. 1. shade, shadow, dim light ○ 2. stain ◇ Ety/397, S/432lum* [lˈum] (lhum) n. shade ◇ Ety/370, X/LH

shadowdae* [dˈɑɛ] n. shadow ◇ Ety/354, S/430dúath* [dˈuːɑθ] (dúwath) n. coll. of , 1. darkness, shadow ○ 2. nightshade ◇ Ety/354, S/430guruthos* [gˈuruθɔs] n. the shadow of death, death-horror ← di-nguruthos LotR/IV:X, RGEO/72, Letters/278gwath* [gwˈɑθ] n. 1. shade, shadow, dim light ○ 2. stain ◇ Ety/397, S/432morchant* [mˈɔrxɑnt] pl. morchaint* [mˈɔrxɑjnt] n. shadow (of objects, cast by light), dark shape ◇ S/432, VT/42:9

shadowedhall II [hˈɑll] adj. veiled, hidden, shadowed, shady ◇ Ety/386

shadowygwathren* [gwˈɑθrɛn] pl. gwethrin* [gwˈɛθrin] adj. shadowy, dim ← Ered Wethrin S/432, VT/42:9gwathui* [gwˈɑθuj] adj. shadowy ← Gwathuirim PM/330

shadyhall II [hˈɑll] adj. veiled, hidden, shadowed, shady ◇ Ety/386lumren* [lˈumrɛn] (lhumren) adj. shady ◇ Ety/370, X/LH

shapeauth* II [ˈɑuθ] n. a dim shape, spectral or vague apparition ◇ VT/42:9cant [kˈɑnt] pl. caint* [kˈɑjnt] n. outline, shape ← morchaint S/432, Ety/362, VT/42:28

shapedcadu* [kˈɑdu] (cadw) adj. shaped, formed ◇ Ety/362-363, X/W

shapelycadwor [kˈɑdwr̩] (cadwar) adj. shapely ◇ Ety/363maed* I [mˈɑɛd] adj. shapely ◇ PM/366, VT/41:10

shapingcannas [kˈɑnnɑs] n. shaping ← Dorgannas WJ/192, WJ/206

sharplaeg* I [lˈɑɛg] (lhaeg) adj. keen, sharp, acute ◇ Ety/368, X/LHmaeg* [mˈɑɛg] adj. sharp, piercing, penetrating, going deep in something ◇ S/434, WJ/337megor* [mˈɛgr̩] adj. sharp-pointed ← *megr WJ/337

shehe [hɛ] (hen, hene) pl. hîn [hiːn] pron. she ◇ Ety/385

shieldthand* [θˈɑnd] n. shield ← thangail UT/281-282thangail* [θˈɑŋgɑjl] n. shield-fence, a battle formation of the Dúnedain ◇ UT/281-282

shinesíla- [sˈiːlɑ] v. to shine white

shipcair* [kˈɑjr] (ceir) n. ship ◇ Ety/365, LotR/A(iv), X/EI

shipbuildercírdan* [kˈirdɑn] (cirdan, ceirdan) n. shipbuilder ◇ Ety/365, Ety/390, LotR/VI:IX

shipmancirion* [kˈiri.ɔn] n. m. shipman, sailor ← Cirion (name)

shiretrann* [trˈɑnn] n. shire, administrative district, division of a realm ← i-Drann SD/129-31trannail* [trˈɑnnɑjl] adj. of a shire ← genediad Drannail SD/129-31

shorefalas* [fˈɑlɑs] pl. felais* [fˈɛlɑjs] (feles) n. 1. beach, shore, line of surf ○ 2. as a proper noun, the western coast of Beleriand ◇ Ety/381, S/431, X/EIfalathren* [fɑlˈɑθrɛn] n. and adj. 1. of the shore ○ 2. Ling. as a noun, Shore-language (one of the names for Common Speech) ◇ Ety/381, PM/32, PM/55habad [hˈɑbɑd] pl. hebaid* [hˈɛbɑjd] (hebeid) n. shore ◇ Ety/386, X/EI

shortestent* [ˈɛstɛnt] adj. (very?) short ◇ UT/146, WJ/311, WJ/315See also then and thent. The slash sign in minlamad thent/estent might indicate either variant forms of an adjective, or a sequence of two short verse units, possibly of alliterating half-lines, see Tolkien's Legendarium p. 122then* [θˈɛn] adj. short ◇ VT/42:29See also thent and estentthent* [θˈɛnt] adj. short ◇ Ety/388, UT/146, WJ/311, WJ/315See also then and estent

shortnessthinnas [θˈinnɑs] n. Ling. "shortness" (name of a mark indicating short quality of vowel) ◇ Ety/388

shoutcan-* [kˈɑn] v. to cry out, shout, call ◇ PM/361-362

shoutingglam* [glˈɑm] (glamm*, glamb*) n. 1. barbarous speech, shouting, confused noise ○ 2. din, uproar, the confused yelling and bellowing of beasts ○ 3. by ext. as a coll. noun, any body of orcs ◇ Ety/358, Ety/377, WJ/390, WJ/416

shuddergir- [gˈir] v. to shudder ◈ giri [gˈiri] v. inf. of gir-, to shudder ◇ Ety/358

shudderinggirith* [gˈiriθ] n. shuddering, horror ◇ Ety/358, S/431

sickcaeleb [kˈɑɛlɛb] adj. bedridden, sick ◇ Ety/363lhaew* [ɬˈɑɛw] (thlaew, thloew, flaew) adj. sickly, sick, ill ◇ Ety/386, X/OE, X/LH

sicklecerch [kˈɛrx] n. sickle ◇ Ety/365

sicklygem [gˈɛm] (gemb) adj. sickly ◇ Ety/358lhaew* [ɬˈɑɛw] (thlaew, thloew, flaew) adj. sickly, sick, ill ◇ Ety/386, X/OE, X/LH

sicknesscael [kˈɑɛl] n. lying in bed, sickness ◇ Ety/363lhîw* [ɬˈiːw] (fliw, thliw) n. sickness ◇ Ety/386, X/LHpaw [pˈɑw] n. sickness ◇ Ety/366

sidenef* [nɛv] prep. on this side of ◇ LotR/II:I, RGEO/72

sightcened [kˈɛnɛd] ger. of cen-, seeing, sight ← cenedril TI/184

signandaith* [ˈɑndɑjθ] (andeith) n. long-mark, sign used in writing alphabetic tengwar over a vowel, to indicate that it is lengthened. ◇ LotR/E, Ety/391, X/EIgammas [gˈɑmmɑs] n. Ling. s-sign (special sign used to mark a final -s in Tengwar) ◇ VT/45:14gasdil [gˈɑsdil̡] n. Ling. "stopgap", name of a diacritic sign used to indicate that g had been lenited to zero ◇ Ety/354, Ety/357têw* [tˈɛːw] pl. tîw* [tˈiːw] n. letter, written sign ◇ Ety/391, WJ/396, LotR/II:IV, LotR/E, Letters/427

silencedîn* I [dˈiːn] n. silence ◇ S/430, LB/354Adjectival use seems to be attested in several place names (Amon Dín "Silent Hill", etc.), though an adjective dínen is also attested

silentdínen* [dˈiːnɛn] adj. silent ◇ S/430, WJ/194

silverceleb* [kˈɛlɛb] n. silver ◇ Ety/367, S/429, LotR/E, Letters/426celebren [kɛlˈɛbrɛn] pl. celebrin* [kɛlˈɛbrin] adj. like silver (in hue or worth) ◇ Ety/367, S/429celevon [kˈɛlɛvn̩] (celefn) adj. of silver ◇ Ety/367ithildin* [iθˈil̡din] n. a silver-colored substance, which mirrors only starlight and moonlight ◇ LotR/II:IVmithril* [mˈiθril̡] n. true-silver, a silver-like metal ◇ LotR

simbelmynëuilos* [ˈujlɔs] n. and adj. 1. always white, ever white as snow ○ 2. Bot. as a noun, a small white everlasting flower also called simbelmynë, evermind, alfirin ◇ RGEO/74, Letters/278, UT/55See also alfirin

sinúgarth* [ˈuːgɑrθ] pl. úgerth* [ˈuːgɛrθ] n. bad deed, sin, trespass ◇ VT/44:21,28

sinew [tˈuː] n. muscle, sinew, vigour, physical strength ◇ Ety/394

singglir- [glˈir] v. to sing, trill, to recite a poem ◈ gliri (corr. glin) [glˈiri] v. inf. of glir-, to sing, trill, to recite a poem ◇ Ety/359, Ety/369linna-* [lˈinnɑ] v. to sing ← linnathon LotR/II:Ilinnathon* [lˈinnɑθɔn] v. 1st of linna-, I will sing, I will chant ◇ LotR/II:I, RGEO/72linnon* [lˈinnɔn] v. 1st of linna-, I sing ◇ LB/354

singleerui* [ˈɛruj] adj. 1. single, alone ○ 2. by ext. first (incorrect use by the Gondorians) ◇ TI/312, WR/436, VT/42:10The proper word for first in Sindarin was minuiminai* [mˈinɑj] (minei) adj. single, distinct, unique ◇ Ety/373, X/EI

sistergwathel [gwˈɑθɛl̡] pl. gwethil [gwˈɛθil̡] n. f. sister, associate ◇ Ety/392muinthel [mˈujnθɛl̡] pl. muinthil [mˈujnθil̡] n. f. sister ◇ Ety/392thêl [θˈɛːl] pl. thelei n. f. sister ◇ Ety/392

sithavov. imp. sit! ◇ [PJ-Movie]Dialogs: Council of Elrond (source: Gwaith i Phethdain). Derived from Ety/363 (KHAM), where Christopher Tolkien only lists Q. ham- ("the other derivatives are too chaotic and unclear to present"). Other scholars rather proposed *har- for this verb, on the model of Q. hárar "they sit" (UT/305,317)

sixeneg* [ˈɛnɛg] adj. num. six ◇ Ety/356, VT/42:25

sixthenchui* [ˈɛnxuj] adj. num. sixth ◇ VT/42:25,27

skillcuru [kˈuru] (curw) n. craft, skill ◇ Ety/366, X/W

skilledmaed* II [mˈɑɛd] (moed) adj. handy, skilled ◇ Ety/371, X/OEmaen [mˈɑɛn] adj. skilled, clever ◇ Ety/371

skinflâd* [flˈɑːd] n. skin ← Fladrif LotR/E, TC/169, TC/173

skymenel* [mˈɛnɛl̡] n. sky, high heaven, firmament, the region of the stars ◇ LotR/II:I, LotR/IV:X, LB/354, RGEO/72, VT/44:21,23-24

slaindangen [dˈɑŋgɛn] pp. of dag-, slain ◇ Ety/375

slantadlanna-* [ɑdlˈɑnnɑ] v. to slope, slant ◈ adlanno* [ɑdlˈɑnnɔ] (atlanno) v. inf. of adlanna-, to slope, slant ◇ Ety/390, X/TLpenna-* [pˈɛnnɑ] v. to slant down ◇ LotR/II:I, RGEO/72

slantingadlant* [ˈɑdlɑnt] (atlant) adj. oblique, slanting ◇ Ety/390, X/TL

slavemûl [mˈuːl] n. slave, thrall ◇ Ety/373

slaydag- [dˈɑg] v. to slay ◈ degi [dˈɛgi] v. inf. of dag-, to slay ◇ Ety/375

slayerdagnir* [dˈɑgnir] n. 1. slayer ○ 2. by ext. bane ◇ S/430

slenderfim* [fˈim] adj. slim, slender ← Fimbrethil LotR/Indexlhind* II [ɬˈind] (thlind, thlinn) adj. fine, slender ◇ Ety/386, X/LH, X/ND1nind* [nˈind] (ninn) adj. slender ◇ Ety/378, X/ND1trîw [trˈiːw] adj. fine, slender ◇ Ety/392

slimfim* [fˈim] adj. slim, slender ← Fimbrethil LotR/Index

slinghadlath [hˈɑdlɑθ] (haglath) n. sling ◇ Ety/363, Ety/368, X/TL

slippingtalt [tˈɑlt] adj. slipping, falling, insecure ◇ Ety/390

slopeadlanna-* [ɑdlˈɑnnɑ] v. to slope, slant ◈ adlanno* [ɑdlˈɑnnɔ] (atlanno) v. inf. of adlanna-, to slope, slant ◇ Ety/390, X/TLtalad [tˈɑlɑd] n. an incline, slope ◇ Ety/390

slopingadlann* [ˈɑdlɑnn] (atland) adj. sloping, tilted ◇ Ety/390, X/TL, X/ND4

slotrein* I [rˈɛjn] (rhein, rhœin) n. slot, spoor, track, footprint ◇ Ety/384, X/RH

smallniben* [nˈibɛn] pl. nibin* [nˈibin] adj. small, petty ◇ S/435, WJ/388, WJ/408

smithmírdan* [mˈiːrdɑn] pl. mírdain* [mˈiːrdɑjn] n. jewel-smith ◇ S/401

smokeosp [ˈɔsp] n. reek, smoke ◇ Ety/396

smoothpath [pˈɑθ] adj. smooth ◇ Ety/380

snakelhûg* [ɬˈuːg] n. Zool. snake, serpent ◇ Ety/370, S/434lŷg (corr. lyg) * [lˈyːg] n. Zool. snake ◇ LotR/E

snarchritha-* [rˈiθɑ] v. to jerk, twitch, snarch ◈ ritho* [rˈiθɔ] (rhitho) v. inf. of ritha-, to jerk, twitch, snarch ◇ Ety/383, X/RH

snoutbund [bˈund] (bunn) n. 1. snout, nose ○ 2. by ext. cape (of land) ◇ Ety/372, X/ND2

snowgloss* [glˈɔss] adj. snow-white, dazzling-white ◇ Ety/359, RGEO/70, VT/42:18loss* [lˈɔss] n. snow (especially fallen or long-lying snow) ◇ S/434, VT/42:18, RGEO/70

snowdropnínim [nˈiːnim] n. Bot. snowdrop (flower) ◇ Ety/367niphredil* [nˈifrɛdil̡] (nifredil) n. Bot. a pale winter flower, snowdrop ◇ Ety/376, Ety/378, LotR/II:VI, Letters/402, X/PH

snowthornaeglos* [ˈɑɛglɔs] n. 1. Bot. snowthorn, a plant like furze (gorse), but larger and with white flowers ○ 2. Geol. icicle (a pendent spear of ice formed by the freezing of dripping water) ◇ UT/417, LotR/Index

snowylossen* [lˈɔssɛn] adj. snowy ◇ RGEO/70

soapglûdh (corr. glúdh) [glˈuːð] n. soap ◇ Ety/369

sockettaew [tˈɑɛw] n. holder, socket, hasp, clasp, staple ◇ Ety/390

softmoe [mˈɔɛ] adj. soft ◇ Ety/371

soilcef [kˈɛv] pl. ceif [kˈɛjv] n. soil ◇ Ety/363gwatha- [gwˈɑθɑ] v. to soil, stain ◈ gwatho [gwˈɑθɔ] v. inf. of gwatha-, to soil, stain ◇ Ety/397maw [mˈɑw] (hmaes) n. soil, stain ◇ Ety/386

soiledgwaur [gwˈɑur] n. soiled, dirty ◇ Ety/397

soldierdaug [dˈɑug] n. warrior, soldier (chiefly used of orcs) ◇ Ety/375

soletellen [tˈɛl̡lɛn] (tellein, tellœin) n. sole of foot ◇ Ety/384, Ety/390

sombredûr* [dˈuːr] pl. duir* [dˈujr] adj. dark, sombre ◇ Ety/354, S/430, UT/434

somebodypen* II [pɛn] pron. one, somebody, anybody ◇ WJ/376Usually enclitic; mutated as ben

sonion* [jˈɔn] (iond*, ionn) n. m. 1. son ○ 2. by ext. scion, male descendant ◇ Ety/400, MR/373, X/ND1, X/ND2For the second meaning, cf. Hadorion, a Húrin's epithet in WJ/294, Hurinionath referring to the house of Húrin the Steward in PM/202-3,218, and Gil-Galad's epithet Ereinion, cf. also the gloss of the old Qenya cognate yondo "descendant of" in PE/12:106, or the use of the same suffix in later Quenya names such as Isildurioni and Anárioni "Heirs of Isildur (resp. Anárion)" in PM/192,196iôn* [jˈɔːn] n. son ◇ WJ/337ionnath* [jˈɔnnɑθ] n. coll. of ion, all the sons ◇ SD/129-31

songaerlinn* [ˈɑɛrlinn] n. (unknown meaning, perhaps a song about the sea, or possibly holy song) ◇ RGEO/70, X/ND4glîr [glˈiːr] n. song, poem, lay ◇ Ety/359laer* II [lˈɑɛr] n. song ← Laer Cú Beleg S/406

sorcerygûl* [gˈuːl] n. 1. magic lore, long study (being used mostly of secret knowledge, especially such as possessed by artificers who made wonderful things) ○ 2. by ext. perverted or evil knowledge, sorcery, necromancy ◇ Ety/377, S/432, MR/350, WJ/383guldur* [gˈuldur] n. (dark) sorcery ◈ morgul* [mˈɔrgul] n. black arts, sorcery, necromancy ◇ Ety/377, S/432, WJ/383, MR/350

soundnella- [nˈɛl̡lɑ] v. to sound bells ◇ Ety/379romru* [rˈɔmru] (rhomru) n. sound of horns ◇ Ety/384, X/RH* [rˈuː] (rhû) n. Arch., Poet. loud-sound, trumpet-sound ◇ Ety/384, X/RH

soupsalph* [sˈɑlf] (salf) n. broth, liquid food, soup ◇ Ety/385, X/PH

sourcecelu* [kˈɛlu] (celw) n. spring, source ◇ Ety/363, X/W

southharad* [hˈɑrɑd] n. south ◇ Ety/365, S/432, LotR/E

southerndúven [dˈuːvɛn] pl. dúvin [dˈuːvin] adj. southern(?) ◇ Ety/376, VT/45:38haradren [hɑrˈɑdrɛn] adj. southern ◇ Ety/365harn I [hˈɑrn] adj. southern ◇ Ety/365

southernersharadrim* [hɑrˈɑdrim] n. class pl. southerners, "southrons" ◇ LotR

southronsharadrim* [hɑrˈɑdrim] n. class pl. southerners, "southrons" ◇ LotR

sowredhi* [rˈɛði] (rhedhi) v. inf. to sow ◇ Ety/383, X/RH

spaceland* I [lˈɑnd] (lhand) adj. open space, level ◇ Ety/368, X/LH, X/ND1pathu* [pˈɑθu] (pathw) n. level space, sward ◇ Ety/380, X/W

sparkgîl (corr. geil) [gˈiːl] (gil*) pl. geil (corr. gîl) (gail*) n. star, bright spark ◇ Ety/358, LotR/E, S/431, RGEO/73, X/EIgildin [gˈil̡din] n. silver spark ◇ Ety/393tint [tˈint] n. spark ◇ Ety/393tinu* [tˈinu] (tinw) n. spark, small star ◇ Ety/393, X/W

sparklinglim* II [lˈim] adj. clear, sparkling, light ◇ WJ/337míriel* [mˈiːri.ɛl̡] part. sparkling like a jewel ◇ RGEO/64, LotR/II:I

speakped-* [pˈɛd] pa. t. pent* [pˈɛnt] v. to speak, to say ← pedo, arphent LotR/II:IV, TL/21:09pedo* [pˈɛdɔ] v. imp. of ped-, speak! say! ◇ LotR/II:IV, Letters/424

spearecthel [ˈɛkθɛl̡] (egthel) n. point (of spear) ◇ Ety/388hador* [hˈɑdr̩] n. thrower (of spears and darts) ◇ Ety/363, WJ/234hadron [hˈɑdrɔn] n. m. thrower (of spears and darts) ◇ Ety/363thela [θˈɛlɑ] n. point (of spear) ◇ Ety/388

spearheadnaith* [nˈɑjθ] pl. natsai [nˈɑtsɑj] n. any formation or projection tapering to a point: a spearhead, gore, wedge, narrow promontory, triangle ◇ Ety/387, UT/282

spearpointaith [ˈɑjθ] n. spearpoint ◇ Ety/355

speechglam* [glˈɑm] (glamm*, glamb*) n. 1. barbarous speech, shouting, confused noise ○ 2. din, uproar, the confused yelling and bellowing of beasts ○ 3. by ext. as a coll. noun, any body of orcs ◇ Ety/358, Ety/377, WJ/390, WJ/416

speedhortha- [hˈɔrθɑ] v. to urge on, speed ◇ Ety/364

spelllûth* [lˈuːθ] (lhûth) n. spell, charm ◇ Ety/370, X/LH

spiderlhing* [ɬˈiŋ] (thling) n. spider, spider's web, cobweb ◇ Ety/386, X/LHlhingril* [ɬˈiŋgril̡] (thlingril) n. spider ◇ Ety/386, X/LHungol* [ˈuŋgl̩] n. spider ◇ Ety/366, WR/202, LotR

spikecaraes [kˈɑrɑɛs] n. jagged hedge of spikes ← Helcharaes Ety/362carag [kˈɑrɑg] n. spike, tooth of rock ◇ Ety/362ceber* [kˈɛbɛr] pl. cebir* [kˈɛbir] n. stake, spike, stone ridge ◇ Ety/363, LotR/II:VIII, S/437

spindriftgwing* [gwˈiŋ] n. 1. spindrift, flying spray ○ 2. foam (properly a flying spume or spindrift blown off wavetops) ◇ Ety/398, PM/392

spineech [ˈɛx] n. spine ◇ Ety/355, VT/45:12The Etymologies as published gloss this word as "spear", but the correct reading is provided in VT/45. See also egnas

spiritfaer* [fˈɑɛr] n. spirit ◇ MR/349mân [mˈɑːn] n. departed spirit ◇ Ety/371

spitpuia- [pˈuj.ɑ] v. to spit ◈ puio [pˈuj.ɔ] v. inf. of puia-, to spit ◇ Ety/382

splendourclaur [klˈɑur] n. Poet. splendour, glory ◇ Ety/362

splitthanc* [θˈɑŋk] adj. cleft, split, forked ← Orthanc S/415, Ety/388

spongehwand [ʍˈɑnd] (chwand, chwann) n. sponge, fungus ◇ Ety/388, X/ND1, X/HW

spoorrein* I [rˈɛjn] (rhein, rhœin) n. slot, spoor, track, footprint ◇ Ety/384, X/RH

sporttelien [tˈɛli.ɛn] (teilien) n. sport, play ◇ Ety/395

spotpeg [pˈɛg] n. small spot, dot ◇ Ety/382sad* [sˈɑd] n. limited area naturally or artificially defined, a place, spot ◇ UT/425, VT/42:20sad* [sˈɑd] n. limited area naturally or artificially defined, a place, spot ◇ UT/425, VT/42:20

spousebereth* [bˈɛrɛθ] n. queen, spouse ◇ Ety/351, RGEO/74

spraygwing* [gwˈiŋ] n. 1. spindrift, flying spray ○ 2. foam (properly a flying spume or spindrift blown off wavetops) ◇ Ety/398, PM/392

spreadpelia- [pˈɛli.ɑ] v. to spread ◈ pelio [pˈɛli.ɔ] v. inf. of pelia-, to spread ◇ Ety/380

springcelu* [kˈɛlu] (celw) n. spring, source ◇ Ety/363, X/Wechuir* [ˈɛxujr] n. Cal. a season, the beginning of spring ◇ LotR/D, SD/129-31eithel* [ˈɛjθɛl̡] pl. eithil* [ˈɛjθil̡] n. spring, issue of water, well ◇ Ety/363, S/430, S/433, WJ/85, TC/187ethuil* [ˈɛθujl] n. Cal. season of spring ◇ LotR/D, SD/129-31tuia- [tˈuj.ɑ] v. 1. to sprout, spring ○ 2. to swell ◈ tuio [tˈuj.ɔ] v. inf. of tuia-, 1. to sprout, spring ○ 2. to swell ◇ Ety/394-395

sprouttuia- [tˈuj.ɑ] v. 1. to sprout, spring ○ 2. to swell ◈ tuio [tˈuj.ɔ] v. inf. of tuia-, 1. to sprout, spring ○ 2. to swell ◇ Ety/394-395tuiw [tˈujw] (tui) n. Bot. a sprout, bud ◇ Ety/395

spyethir* II [ˈɛθir] n. spy ◇ S/379, UT/418

stabeitha-* [ˈɛjθɑ] v. 1. to prick with a sharp point, to stab ○ 2. by ext. to treat with scorn, insult ◇ WJ/365

staingwass [gwˈɑss] n. stain ◇ Ety/397gwath* [gwˈɑθ] n. 1. shade, shadow, dim light ○ 2. stain ◇ Ety/397, S/432gwatha- [gwˈɑθɑ] v. to soil, stain ◈ gwatho [gwˈɑθɔ] v. inf. of gwatha-, to soil, stain ◇ Ety/397mael I [mˈɑɛl] (hmael) n. and adj. 1. stain ○ 2. stained ◇ Ety/386maw [mˈɑw] (hmaes) n. soil, stain ◇ Ety/386

stainedgwaen* [gwˈɑɛn] adj. stained ← Agarwaen S/378mael I [mˈɑɛl] (hmael) n. and adj. 1. stain ○ 2. stained ◇ Ety/386

stairwaypendrath [pˈɛndrɑθ] (pendrad) n. passage up or down slope, stairway ◇ Ety/380, X/ND3

stakeceber* [kˈɛbɛr] pl. cebir* [kˈɛbir] n. stake, spike, stone ridge ◇ Ety/363, LotR/II:VIII, S/437

stalwartthala [θˈɑlɑ] adj. stalwart, steady, firm ◇ Ety/388tolog [tˈɔlɔg] adj. stalwart, trusty ◇ Ety/395

stapletaew [tˈɑɛw] n. holder, socket, hasp, clasp, staple ◇ Ety/390

starêl* [ˈɛːl] pl. elin* [ˈɛlin] n. Arch., Poet. star (little used except in verses) ◇ WJ/363, MR/373, RGEO/73, Letters/281elenath* [ˈɛlɛnɑθ] n. coll. of êl, starry host, all the host of the stars of heaven ◇ LotR/II:I, RGEO/73-75, WJ/363gîl (corr. geil) [gˈiːl] (gil*) pl. geil (corr. gîl) (gail*) n. star, bright spark ◇ Ety/358, LotR/E, S/431, RGEO/73, X/EIgiliath [gˈili.ɑθ] n. coll. of gîl, all the host of stars ◇ Ety/358tinu* [tˈinu] (tinw) n. spark, small star ◇ Ety/393, X/W

starlightgilgalad [gˈil̡.gɑlɑd] n. starlight ◇ Ety/358

starryelenath* [ˈɛlɛnɑθ] n. coll. of êl, starry host, all the host of the stars of heaven ◇ LotR/II:I, RGEO/73-75, WJ/363

staydar- [dˈɑr] v. to stay, wait, stop, remain ◈ dartha- [dˈɑrθɑ] v. to wait, stay, last, endure, remain ◇ Ety/353, VT/45:8deri [dˈɛri] v. inf. of dar-, to stay, wait, stop, remain ◇ Ety/353dortha- [dˈɔrθɑ] v. to dwell, stay ◈ dortho [dˈɔrθɔ] v. inf. of dortha-, to dwell, stay ◇ Ety/376

stayingavorn* [ˈɑvɔrn] adj. staying, fast ← Baravorn Hamfast, SD/129-31

steadfasthim I [hˈim] adj. 1. steadfast, abiding ○ 2. as an adverb, continually ◇ Ety/364

steadythala [θˈɑlɑ] adj. stalwart, steady, firm ◇ Ety/388

steepbaradh [bˈɑrɑð] adj. steep ◇ Ety/351

stemtelch [tˈɛl̡x] pl. tilch [tˈil̡x] n. stem ◇ Ety/391

stenchangol I [ˈɑŋgɔl] n. stench ◇ Ety/378thû [θˈuː] n. stench ◇ Ety/393

sticknasta- [nˈɑstɑ] v. to prick, point, stick, thrust ◇ Ety/375, VT45:37nestag- [nˈɛstɑg] pa. t. nestanc [nˈɛstɑŋk] v. to insert, stick in ◇ Ety/388nestegi [nˈɛstɛgi] v. inf. of nestag-, to insert, stick in ◇ Ety/388

stickyhîw [hˈiːw] adj. sticky, viscous ◇ Ety/364

stiffdorn* [dˈɔrn] adj. stiff, tough ◇ WJ/413tara [tˈɑrɑ] (tar-) adj. tough, stiff ◇ Ety/390tharn [θˈɑrn] adj. sapless, stiff, rigid, withered ◇ Ety/388

stiffnesstarias [tˈɑri.ɑs] n. stiffness, toughness, difficulty ◇ Ety/390

stirruptalraph* [tˈɑlrɑf] n. stirrup ← Udalraph UT/424

stoneedhelharn* [ɛðˈɛl̡hɑrn] n. elf-stone ◇ SD/128-129gond* [gˈɔnd] (gonn) n. great stone, rock ◇ Ety/359, S/431, X/ND1gondrafn [gˈɔndrɑvn] n. hewn stone ◇ Ety/354gondram [gˈɔndrɑm] n. hewn stone ◇ Ety/354gondren* [gˈɔndrɛn] adj. (made) of stone ← Toll-ondren TI/268, TI/287sarn* [sˈɑrn] n. 1. stone as a material ○ 2. small stone ◇ Ety/385, S/437, UT/463, VT/42:11Sern in UT/463 is a misprint, see VT/42:11

stopdar- [dˈɑr] v. to stay, wait, stop, remain ◈ daro* [dˈɑrɔ] v. imp. of dar-, halt! stop! ◇ Ety/353, LotR/II:VIdaur* [dˈɑur] n. 1. pause, stop ○ 2. by ext. league (about 3 miles) ◇ UT/279, UT/285deri [dˈɛri] v. inf. of dar-, to stay, wait, stop, remain ◇ Ety/353dilia- [dˈili.ɑ] pa. t. diliant [dˈili.ɑnt] v. to stop up ◇ Ety/354, VT/45:9dilio [dˈili.ɔ] v. inf. of dilia-, to stop up ◇ Ety/354

stopgapgasdil [gˈɑsdil̡] n. Ling. "stopgap", name of a diacritic sign used to indicate that g had been lenited to zero ◇ Ety/354, Ety/357

stoppedtafnen* [tˈɑvnɛn] adj. closed, blocked, stopped ← uidavnen WR/341Normalized to tafnen, as for lefnui

stopperdîl [dˈiːl] n. stopper, stopping, stuffing ◇ Ety/354

stoppingdîl [dˈiːl] n. stopper, stopping, stuffing ◇ Ety/354

stormalagos [ˈɑlɑgɔs] n. storm of wind ◇ Ety/348

straighttaer [tˈɑɛr] adj. straight ◇ Ety/392Written tær (with ae-ligature) in the Etymologiestîr [tˈiːr] adj. straight, right ◇ Ety/391

straitlond* [lˈɔnd] (lonn*, lhonn) n. 1. narrow path or strait ○ 2. by ext. entrance to harbour, land-locked haven ◇ Ety/348, Ety/370, S/434, UT/450, VT/42:10, X/LH, X/ND1

straymista- [mˈistɑ] v. to stray ◈ misto [mˈistɔ] v. inf. of mista-, to stray ◇ Ety/373renia-* [rˈɛni.ɑ] v. to stray ◈ renio* [rˈɛni.ɔ] (rhenio) v. inf. of renia-, to stray ◇ Ety/383, X/RH

strayingmistad* [mˈistɑd] (mistrad) n. straying, error ◇ Ety/373, X/Z

streetothrad [ˈɔθrɑd] (ostrad) n. street ◇ Ety/383, X/Zrath* [rˈɑθ] n. 1. course, riverbed ○ 2. street ◇ Ety/383, LotR/Index

strengthbellas [bˈɛl̡lɑs] n. bodily strength ◇ Ety/352 [tˈuː] n. muscle, sinew, vigour, physical strength ◇ Ety/394

strokedram* [drˈɑm] (dramm, dramb) n. heavy stroke, a blow (of axe, etc.) ◇ Ety/354, X/MBhast [hˈɑst] n. axe-stroke ◇ Ety/389

strongbell* [bˈɛl̡l] (belt) adj. strong in body ◇ Ety/352, X/LD

strongholdost* [ˈɔst] n. 1. city, town with wall round ○ 2. fortress or stronghold, made or strenghtened by art ◇ Ety/379, S/435, WJ/414othronn* [ˈɔθrɔnn] (othrond*) n. fortress or city in underground caves, underground stronghold ◇ Ety/379, Ety/384, WJ/414, X/ND4

studygûl* [gˈuːl] n. 1. magic lore, long study (being used mostly of secret knowledge, especially such as possessed by artificers who made wonderful things) ○ 2. by ext. perverted or evil knowledge, sorcery, necromancy ◇ Ety/377, S/432, MR/350, WJ/383

stuffingdîl [dˈiːl] n. stopper, stopping, stuffing ◇ Ety/354

stuntnuitha-* [nˈujθɑ] v. to stunt, to prevent from coming to completion, stop short, not allow to continue ◇ WJ/413

sublimetaur III [tˈɑur] adj. mighty, vast, overwhelming, huge, awful, high, sublime ◇ Ety/395

suddenbragol* [brˈɑgɔl] adj. sudden ◇ S/429bregol [brˈɛgɔl] adj. violent, sudden, fierce ◇ Ety/352, Ety/373

suddennessbreged [brˈɛgɛd] n. violence, suddenness ◇ Ety/352

sufficientfar [fˈɑr] adj. or adv. sufficient, enough, quite ◇ Ety/381

sumgonod- [gˈɔnɔd] v. to count, count up, reckon, sum up ◇ Ety/378, Ety/399

summerlaer* I [lˈɑɛr] n. Cal. season of summer ◇ LotR/D

summittaen I [tˈɑɛn] n. height, summit of high mountain ◇ Ety/389

summontoltha- [tˈɔlθɑ] v. to fetch, to summon, make come ◈ toltho [tˈɔlθɔ] v. inf. of toltha-, to fetch, to summon, make come ◇ Ety/395

sunAnor* [ˈɑnɔr] n. sun ◇ Ety/348

sunlightaur* [ˈɑur] n. day, sunlight, morning ◇ Ety/349, S/439See also calanglawar [glˈɑwɑr] n. Theo. sunlight, radiance (of the golden tree Laurelin) ◇ Ety/368, VT/45:15

sunnynórui* [nˈɔːruj] n. and adj. 1. sunny, fiery ○ 2. Cal. as a noun, the month of june ◇ LotR/D

sunsetannûn* [ˈɑnnuːn] n. west, sunset ◇ Ety/376, S/428, LotR/VI:IV, LotR/E, LB/354, Letters/308

superiororchal* [ˈɔrxl̩] (orchall, orchel) adj. 1. superior, lofty, eminent ○ 2. tall ◇ Ety/363, Ety/379, WJ/305In his article Probable errors in the Etymologies, Helge Fauskanger lists orchel as a misreading, following Christopher Tolkien's note admitting that the e is uncertain. However, though orchal is attested in WJ/305, it does not necessarily mean that the form orchel is incorrect. It might be constructed by analogy with words such as hathol "axe" (from WJ/234 and the name of a Númenórean, Hatholdir, UT:444), which is also found as hathal (in Hathaldir, name of a companion of Barahir, LR/433, untranslated but conceivably cognate) and hathel (LR/389). Without entering into the details, such words end with a syllabic consonant (as in English "people"), and several vocalizations are apparently possible in Sindarin. The epenthetical vowel is generally o, but it seems that a or e are also allowed. Regarding orchal, its origin is of course different, as it is a compound word where the second element clearly derives from KHAL, but it may be have been assimilated, later, to this class of words by analogy. We may therefore consider that orchel is a perfectly valid dialectal variant

supporttulu [tˈulu] n. support, prop ◇ Ety/395

surfacepalath [pˈɑlɑθ] n. surface ◇ Ety/380talath* [tˈɑlɑθ] (dalath) n. 1. flat surface, plane ○ 2. flat land, plain, (wide) valley ← Talath Dirnen UT/465, Ety/353, S/437

survivalbronad [brˈɔnɑd] ger. of brona-, survival ← bronadui Ety/353

survivebrona- [brˈɔnɔ] v. to last, to survive ◈ brono [brˈɔnɔ] v. inf. of brona-, to last, to survive ◇ Ety/353

swallowtuilinn [tˈujlinn] (tuilind, tuilin) n. Orn. swallow (bird) ◇ Ety/395, X/ND4

swampedloen* [lˈɔɛn] adj. soaking wet, swamped ◇ VT/42:10

swanalph* [ˈɑlf] (alf) pl. eilph* [ˈɛjlf] n. Orn. swan ◇ Ety/348, S/427, LotR/E, VT/42:7, X/PH

swardpathu* [pˈɑθu] (pathw) n. level space, sward ◇ Ety/380, X/Wsâdh* [sˈɑːð] n. sward, turf ◇ VT/42:20

swartbaran* [bˈɑrɑn] n. brown, swart, dark brown, golden brown, yellow brown ◇ Ety/351, LotR/F, TC/179donn [dˈɔnn] adj. swart, swarthy ◇ Ety/355, X/ND1

swarthydonn [dˈɔnn] adj. swart, swarthy ◇ Ety/355, X/ND1

sweargwesta- [gwˈɛstɑ] v. to swear ◈ gwesto [gwˈɛstɔ] v. inf. of gwesta-, to swear ◇ Ety/397

sweetlend* II [lˈɛnd] (lhend) adj. tuneful, sweet ◇ Ety/369, X/LH, X/ND1melui* [mˈɛluj] adj. sweet ◇ LotR/V:VIII, VT/42:18This word only occurs in the place name Imloth Melui, a vale where roses grew

swelltuia- [tˈuj.ɑ] v. 1. to sprout, spring ○ 2. to swell ◈ tuio [tˈuj.ɔ] v. inf. of tuia-, 1. to sprout, spring ○ 2. to swell ◇ Ety/394-395

swiftceleg* [kˈɛlɛg] adj. swift, agile, hasty ◇ Ety/366, PM/353, VT/41:10lagor* [lˈɑgr̩] (lhagr) adj. swift, rapid ◇ Ety/367, X/LH

swoopingthôr II [θˈɔːr] adj. swooping, leaping down ◇ Ety/393

swordcrist [krˈist] n. cleaver, sword ◇ Ety/365lang* [lˈɑŋ] (lhang) n. cutlass, sword ◇ Ety/367, X/LHmagol [mˈɑgl̩] (magl) n. sword ◇ Ety/371The word megil (q.v.), probably introduced by the Ñoldor, was also usedmegil* [mˈɛgil̡] n. sword ◇ Ety/371The word was struck out in the Etymologies, but is well attested in late compounds such as Mormegil or Arvegil (with regular mutation). It is conceivably the Sindarinized form of Quenya makil, coexisting with magol (see tegil and tegol for a similar case)

swordsmanmagor* [mˈɑgr̩] n. swordsman ← Menelvagor LotR/E, WJ/234

syruppaich* [pˈɑjx] (peich) n. juice, syrup ◇ Ety/382, X/EI

talegwanod [gwˈɑnɔd] n. tale, number ◇ Ety/378narn* [nˈɑrn] pl. nern* [nˈɛrn] n. a tale or a saga, that is told in verse to be spoken and not sung ◇ Ety/374, WJ/313, MR/373, S/412pent II [pˈɛnt] n. tale ◇ Ety/366sinnarn [sˈinnɑrn] n. novel tale ◇ Ety/385trenarn [trˈɛnɑrn] n. account, tale ◇ Ety/374

tallorchal* [ˈɔrxl̩] (orchall, orchel) adj. 1. superior, lofty, eminent ○ 2. tall ◇ Ety/363, Ety/379, WJ/305In his article Probable errors in the Etymologies, Helge Fauskanger lists orchel as a misreading, following Christopher Tolkien's note admitting that the e is uncertain. However, though orchal is attested in WJ/305, it does not necessarily mean that the form orchel is incorrect. It might be constructed by analogy with words such as hathol "axe" (from WJ/234 and the name of a Númenórean, Hatholdir, UT:444), which is also found as hathal (in Hathaldir, name of a companion of Barahir, LR/433, untranslated but conceivably cognate) and hathel (LR/389). Without entering into the details, such words end with a syllabic consonant (as in English "people"), and several vocalizations are apparently possible in Sindarin. The epenthetical vowel is generally o, but it seems that a or e are also allowed. Regarding orchal, its origin is of course different, as it is a compound word where the second element clearly derives from KHAL, but it may be have been assimilated, later, to this class of words by analogy. We may therefore consider that orchel is a perfectly valid dialectal varianttond [tˈɔnd] (tonn) adj. tall ◇ Ety/395, X/ND1

tangledremmen* [rˈɛmmɛn] pl. remmin* [rˈɛmmin] pp. woven, netted, tangled ← galadhremmin LotR/E, LotR/II:I, RGEO/72

tasktass [tˈɑss] (tars) n. labour, task ◇ Ety/391

tauttong [tˈɔŋ] adj. taut, tight (of strings), resonant ◇ Ety/395

tearnîn II [nˈiːn] n. tear ◇ ETY/376nîr [nˈiːr] n. tear, weeping ◇ Ety/376

tearfulnîd [nˈiːd] adj. damp, wet, tearful ◇ Ety/376níniel (corr. niniel) [nˈiːni.ɛl̡] adj. tearful ◇ Ety/376

telltrenar- [trˈɛnɑr] pa. t. trenor [trˈɛnɔr] (trener) v. to recount, to tell to end ◇ Ety/374treneri [trˈɛnɛri] v. inf. of trenar-, to recount, to tell to end ◇ Ety/374

temptationúthaes* [ˈuːθɑɛs] n. inducement to do wrong, temptation ◇ VT/44:30

tencaer [kˈɑɛr] adj. num. ten ◇ Ety/363See also paepae* [pˈɑɛ] adj. num. ten ◇ VT/42:25See also caer

tenthpaenui* [pˈɑɛnuj] adj. num. tenth ◇ VT/42:25

terrifygruitha-* [grˈujθɑ] v. to terrify ◇ WJ/415

terrifyinggoeol* [gˈɔɛ.ɔl] adj. dreadful, terrifying ◇ PM/363

terrorgoe* [gˈɔɛ] n. terror, great fear ◇ PM/363groga-* [grˈɔgɑ] v. to feel terror ◇ WJ/415

thatchtaus [tˈɑus] n. thatch ◇ Ety/395

thei* [i] pl. in* [in] art. and pron. 1. the ○ 2. who ◇ Ety/361, SD/129-31, Letters/308, Letters/417

theele* [lɛ] pron. to thee (reverential) ◇ LotR/II:I, LotR/IV:X, RGEO/72-73, Letters/278, LB/354

themti* [ti] pron. them ← i gohenam di ai VT/44:21,30

thereennas* [ˈɛnnɑs] adv. there, in that place ◇ SD/129-31

thicktûg [tˈuːg] adj. thick, fat ◇ Ety/394

thinlhain* II [ɬˈɑjn] (thlein) pl. lhîn* [ɬˈiːn] (thlîn) adj. lean, thin, meagre ◇ Ety/386, X/LHtaen II [tˈɑɛn] adj. long (and thin) ◇ Ety/391

thingbach [bˈɑx] n. article (for exchange), ware, thing ◇ Ety/372nad [nˈɑd] n. thing ◇ Ety/374

thirdnail* [nˈɑjl] (neil) adj. num. third ◇ VT/42:25nelui* [nˈɛluj] adj. num. third ◇ VT/42:25

thirstyfaug [fˈɑug] n. thirsty ◇ Ety/381

thirtiethnelchaenen* [nɛl̡xˈɑɛnɛn] adj. num. thirtieth ◇ SD/129-31

thissen* [sɛn] pl. sin* [sin] adj. this ← i thiw hin LotR/II:IVThis demonstrative adjective is probably enclitic. It has been suggested that this possibility could perhaps explain why the mutated form of tîw on the Doors of Durin is thiw instead of the expected thîw, see HL/69

thonglath* [lˈɑθ] (lhath) n. (?) thong of leather ◇ Ety/368, X/LH

thornêg [ˈɛːg] n. thorn ◇ Ety/355ereg* [ˈɛrɛg] pl. erig [ˈɛrig] n. Bot. holly-tree, thorn ◇ Ety/356, S/431

thoughtind [ˈind] (inn) n. inner thought, meaning, heart ◇ Ety/361, X/ND1nauth [nˈɑuθ] n. thought ◇ Ety/378

thoughtfulidhren [ˈiðrɛn] adj. pondering, wise, thoughtful ◇ Ety/361

thoughtfulnessidhor* [ˈiðr̩] (idher) n. thoughtfulness ◇ Ety/361, X/Z

thousandmeneg* [mˈɛnɛg] adj. num. thousand ← Menegroth "thousand caves" S/409

thrallmûl [mˈuːl] n. slave, thrall ◇ Ety/373

threadhithlain* [hˈiθlɑjn] n. mist-thread, a substance used by the Elves of Lothlórien to make strong ropes ◇ LotR/II:VIII, LotR/Indexlain* II [lˈɑjn] n. thread ← hithlain LotR/II:VIII, LotR/Indexlhê* [ɬˈɛː] (thlê) n. fine thread, spider filament ◇ Ety/386, X/LH

threenêl* II [nˈɛːl] adj. num. three ◇ VT/42:25See also neledneled [nˈɛlɛd] (neledh) adj. num. three ◇ Ety/376, TAI150

thresholdfen* [fˈɛn] (fend, fenn) n. door, threshold ◇ Ety/381, LotR/V:IV, WR/341, X/ND1

throatlanc* II [lˈɑŋk] (lhanc) n. throat ◇ Ety/367, X/LH

throughgodref [gˈɔdrɛv] (godrebh) adv. through together ◇ TAI/150tre- [trɛ] (tri) pref. through (but denoting completeness when prefixed to verbs, cf. English idioms like "talk something through") ◇ Ety/392trî [trˈiː] prep. through ◇ Ety/392

throwerhador* [hˈɑdr̩] n. thrower (of spears and darts) ◇ Ety/363, WJ/234hadron [hˈɑdrɔn] n. m. thrower (of spears and darts) ◇ Ety/363

thrustnasta- [nˈɑstɑ] v. to prick, point, stick, thrust ◇ Ety/375, VT45:37

thylín* [lˈiːn] (lin*) adj. thy (reverential) ◇ VT/44:21,24

tidingssiniath [sˈini.ɑθ] n. coll. news, tidings ◇ Ety/385

tidypuig [pˈujg] adj. clean, tidy, neat ◇ Ety/382

tienod-* [nˈɔd] (nud-) v. to tie, bind ◇ Ety/378, X/Ztaetha- [tˈɑɛθɑ] v. to fasten, tie ◈ taetho [tˈɑɛθɔ] v. inf. of taetha-, to fasten, tie ◇ Ety/389

tighttong [tˈɔŋ] adj. taut, tight (of strings), resonant ◇ Ety/395

tiltedadlann* [ˈɑdlɑnn] (atland) adj. sloping, tilted ◇ Ety/390, X/TL, X/ND4

timeanann* [ˈɑnɑnn] adv. long, for a long time ◇ LotR/VI:IV, Letters/308* [lˈuː] (lhû) n. a time, occasion ◇ Ety/370, X/LH

tinypigen [pˈigɛn] adj. tiny ◇ Ety/382tithen [tˈiθɛn] pl. tithin [tˈiθin] adj. little, tiny ◇ Ety/394

toan* [ɑn] prep. to, towards, for ◇ LotR/II:IV, UT/39, SD/129-31With suffixed article and elision in aglar'ni Pheriannathheltha- (corr. helta) [hˈɛl̡θɑ] v. to strip ◇ Ety/386The form helta- in the Etymologies is either a misprint or a misreading, unless the word is actually meant to be Quenya (and in that case, a Q is missing before the entry). Its Sindarin cognate would anyway still be heltha-na* [nɑ] prep. 1. with, by (also used as a genitive sign) ○ 2. to, towards, at ◇ Ety/374, LotR/I:XIIo* I [ɔ] (od*) prep. from, of; preposition (as a proclitic) used in either direction, from or to the point of view of the speaker ◇ Ety/360, WJ/366, WJ/369-70, LotR/II:IV, SD/129-31, RGEO/72According to WJ/366, the preposition "is normally o in all positions, though od appears occasionally before vowels, especially before o-". With a suffixed article, see also uin

todaysír* [sˈiːr] adv. today ◇ VT/44:21,27

togethergo- [gɔ] pref. together ◇ Ety/399, WJ/367godref [gˈɔdrɛv] (godrebh) adv. through together ◇ TAI/150gwa-* [gwɑ] pref. Arch. together (only in old compounds, the living form is go-) ◇ Ety/399, WJ/367

toilmuda- [mˈudɑ] v. to labour, toil ◈ mudas [mˈudɑs] n. labour, toil ◇ Ety/373The Etymologies list this word as the past tense of the verb mudo, but actually it looks more like a nounmudo [mˈudɔ] v. inf. of muda-, to labour, toil ◇ Ety/373The Etymologies list mudas as the past tense of this this verb, but actually this form looks more like a noun "labour, toil"

tombhaudh* [hˈɑuð] n. (burial) mound, grave, tomb ◇ Ety/363-364, S/432, LotR/A(iv)

tonguelam* I [lˈɑm] (lhamb, lham) n. physical tongue ◇ Ety/367, WJ/394, X/LH

toothanc [ˈɑŋk] n. jaw, row of teeth ◇ Ety/348, Ety/374carag [kˈɑrɑg] n. spike, tooth of rock ◇ Ety/362carch* [kˈɑrx] n. tooth, fang ◇ Ety/362, S/429nêl I [nˈɛːl] (neleg) pl. nelig* [nˈɛlig] n. tooth ◇ Ety/376, WR/113

topcaw [kˈɑw] n. top ◇ Ety/362

tormentbaul [bˈɑul] n. torment ◇ Ety/377

torrentoll [ˈɔld] (old) n. torrent, mountain-stream ◇ Ety/396thórod [θˈɔːrɔd] n. torrent ◇ Ety/393

toughdorn* [dˈɔrn] adj. stiff, tough ◇ WJ/413tara [tˈɑrɑ] (tar-) adj. tough, stiff ◇ Ety/390

toughnesstarias [tˈɑri.ɑs] n. stiffness, toughness, difficulty ◇ Ety/390

towardsan* [ɑn] prep. to, towards, for ◇ LotR/II:IV, UT/39, SD/129-31With suffixed article and elision in aglar'ni Pheriannathna* [nɑ] prep. 1. with, by (also used as a genitive sign) ○ 2. to, towards, at ◇ Ety/374, LotR/I:XII

towerbarad* II [bˈɑrɑd] pl. beraid* [bˈɛrɑjd] n. tower, fortress ◇ Ety/351, S/428, LotR/Bminas* [mˈinɑs] (minnas) n. 1. tower ○ 2. by ext. fort, city with a citadel and central watch-tower ◇ Ety/373, S/434, VT/42:24mindon [mˈindɔn] n. 1. isolated hill, especially a hill with a watch tower ○ 2. by ext. tower ◇ Ety/373, Ety/395

towngobel [gˈɔbɛl̡] n. walled house or village, town ◇ Ety/380ost* [ˈɔst] n. 1. city, town with wall round ○ 2. fortress or stronghold, made or strenghtened by art ◇ Ety/379, S/435, WJ/414

trackbâd [bˈɑːd] n. beaten track, pathway ◇ Ety/351râd [rˈɑːd] n. path, track ◇ Ety/383rein* I [rˈɛjn] (rhein, rhœin) n. slot, spoor, track, footprint ◇ Ety/384, X/RH

tradebanga- [bˈɑŋgɑ] v. to trade ◇ Ety/372

tramplebatha- [bˈɑθɑ] v. to trample ◈ batho [bˈɑθɔ] v. inf. of batha-, to trample ◇ Ety/352

traverseathrada- [ˈɑθrɑdɑ] v. to cross, traverse ◈ athrado [ˈɑθrɑdɔ] v. inf. of athrada-, to cross, traverse ◇ Ety/383trevad- [trˈɛvɑd] pa. t. trevant [trˈɛvɑnt] v. to traverse ◇ Ety/352trevedi [trˈɛvɛdi] v. inf. of trevad-, to traverse ◇ Ety/352

treasuremîr* [mˈiːr] n. jewel, precious thing, treasure ◇ Ety/373, LotR/E, S/434, PM/348, LB/354, RGEO/73

treatygowest [gˈɔwɛst] n. contract, compact, treaty ◇ Ety/399

treebrethil* I [brˈɛθil̡] (brethel) pl. brethil* n. Bot. beech, beech-tree, silver birch ◇ Ety/352, Ety/376, S/429ereg* [ˈɛrɛg] pl. erig [ˈɛrig] n. Bot. holly-tree, thorn ◇ Ety/356, S/431eregdos [ɛrˈɛgdɔs] n. Bot. holly, holly-tree ◇ Ety/356, Ety/379, Ety/395fêr [fˈɛːr] pl. ferin [fˈɛrin] n. Bot. beech-tree ◇ Ety/352, Ety/381galadh* [gˈɑlɑð] n. tree ◇ Ety/357, S/427, LotR/E, LB/354, RGEO/73, Letters/426lalf [lˈɑlv] pl. lelf [lˈɛl̡v] n. Bot. elm-tree ◇ Ety/348lalorn* [lˈɑlɔrn] (lhalorn) n. Bot. elm-tree ◇ Ety/367, X/LHlalven [lˈɑlvɛn] pl. lelvin [lˈɛl̡vin] n. Bot. elm-tree ◇ Ety/348lalwen* [lˈɑlwɛn] (lhalwen) pl. lelwin [lˈɛl̡win] n. Bot. elm-tree ◇ Ety/367, X/LHlebethron* [lɛbˈɛθrɔn] n. Bot. a tree - its black wood was used by the woodwrights of Gondor ◇ LotR/IV:VII, LotR/VI:V, WR/176In the original manuscript, one of the earlier (rejected) form of this name was lebendron. Didier Willis proposed the etymology lebed+doron "finger-oak", actually a real tree name (Finger Oak or Quercus digitata)mallorn* [mˈɑllɔrn] pl. mellyrn* [mˈɛl̡lyrn] n. Bot. golden tree of Lothlórien ◇ S/435, LotR/II:IVorn* [ˈɔrn] pl. yrn [ˈyrn] n. Bot. (any large) tree ◇ Ety/379, S/435, Letters/426tathar* [tˈɑθr̩] (tathor) n. Bot. willow-tree ◇ Ety/391, S/438thôn* [θˈɔːn] (thaun) n. Bot. pine-tree ◇ Ety/392, S/438toss [tˈɔss] n. Bot. bush, low-growing tree (as maple, hawthorn, blackthorn, holly, etc.) ◇ Ety/379, Ety/395tulus [tˈulus] pl. tylys [ˈtylys] n. Bot. poplar-tree ◇ Ety/395

trespassúgarth* [ˈuːgɑrθ] pl. úgerth* [ˈuːgɛrθ] n. bad deed, sin, trespass ◇ VT/44:21,28

tressfîn* [fˈiːn] (find*, finn-*) n. a tress ◇ PM/361-362

tressurecathrae* [kˈɑθrɑɛ] n. tressure, net for combining the hair ◇ VT/42:12

trianglenaith* [nˈɑjθ] pl. natsai [nˈɑtsɑj] n. any formation or projection tapering to a point: a spearhead, gore, wedge, narrow promontory, triangle ◇ Ety/387, UT/282nelthil [nˈɛl̡θil] n. triangle ◇ Ety/376, Ety/393

trickrinc* [rˈiŋk] (rhinc) n. twitch, jerk, trick, sudden move ◇ Ety/383, X/RH

trillglir- [glˈir] v. to sing, trill, to recite a poem ◈ gliri (corr. glin) [glˈiri] v. inf. of glir-, to sing, trill, to recite a poem ◇ Ety/359, Ety/369

triumphgell [gˈɛl̡l] n. joy, triumph ◇ Ety/359

triumphantgellui [gˈɛl̡luj] adj. triumphant ◇ Ety/359

trolltorog* [tˈɔrɔg] n. troll ◇ LotR/F

troopgwaith* [gwˈɑjθ] n. 1. troop of able-bodied men, people ○ 2. by ext. region, wilderness ◇ Ety/398gweth [gwˈɛθ] n. 1. manhood ○ 2. by ext. man power, troop of able-bodied men, host, regiment ◇ Ety/398herth [hˈɛrθ] n. Mil. household, troop under a "hîr" (master, lord) ◇ Ety/364

trothgwaedh [gwˈɑɛð] n. bond, troth, compact, oath ◇ Ety/397

troublepresta- [prˈɛstɑ] v. to affect, trouble, disturb ◈ presto [prˈɛstɔ] v. inf. of presta-, to affect, trouble, disturb ◇ Ety/380trasta- [trˈɑstɑ] v. to harass, trouble ◇ Ety/391

truethenid [θˈɛnid] adj. firm, true, abiding ◇ Ety/388thenin [θˈɛnin] adj. firm, true, abiding ◇ Ety/388

trumpetrom* [rˈɔm] (rhom) n. horn, trumpet ◇ Ety/384, WJ/400, X/RH* [rˈuː] (rhû) n. Arch., Poet. loud-sound, trumpet-sound ◇ Ety/384, X/RH

trustestel* [ˈɛstɛl̡] n. hope, trust, a temper of mind, steady fixed in purpose, and difficult to dissuade and unlikely to fall into despair or abandon its purpose ◇ WJ/318-319, LotR/A(v), MR/320

trustytolog [tˈɔlɔg] adj. stalwart, trusty ◇ Ety/395

tunelind* [lˈind] (lhind, lhinn) n. air, tune ◇ Ety/369, X/LH, X/ND1

tunefullend* II [lˈɛnd] (lhend) adj. tuneful, sweet ◇ Ety/369, X/LH, X/ND1

turfsâdh* [sˈɑːð] n. sward, turf ◇ VT/42:20

twilighttinnu [tˈinnu] (tindu) n. 1. dusk, twilight, early night (without moon) ○ 2. starry twilight ◇ Ety/355, Ety/393, X/ND2uial* [ˈuj.ɑl] n. twilight ◇ Ety/400, S/439, LotR/D

twingwanûn* [gwˈɑnuːn] n. a pair of twins ◇ WJ/367gwanunig* [gwˈɑnunig] n. sing. of gwanûn, a twin (one of a pair of twins) ◇ WJ/367gwanur [gwˈɑnur] n. 1. a pair of twins ○ 2. brother or kinsman, kinswoman ◇ Ety/378, Ety/392, LotR/A(iv)gwenyn* [gwˈɛnyn] n. pl. twins ◇ PM/353, PM/365

twirlhwinia-* [ʍˈini.ɑ] v. to twirl, whirl, eddy ◈ hwinio* [ʍˈini.ɔ] (chwinio) v. inf. of hwinia-, to twirl, whirl, eddy ◇ Ety/388

twirlinghwind* [ʍˈind] (chwind, chwinn) adj. twirling, whirling ◇ Ety/388, X/ND1, X/HW

twistednorn [nˈɔrn] pl. nyrn* [nˈyrn] adj. 1. twisted, knotted, crabbed, contorted ○ 2. hard ◇ Ety/387

twitchrinc* [rˈiŋk] (rhinc) n. twitch, jerk, trick, sudden move ◇ Ety/383, X/RHritha-* [rˈiθɑ] v. to jerk, twitch, snarch ◈ ritho* [rˈiθɔ] (rhitho) v. inf. of ritha-, to jerk, twitch, snarch ◇ Ety/383, X/RH

twotâd* [tˈɑːd] (tad*) adj. num. two ◇ Ety/349, Ety/391, WJ/388, VT/42:25-27

tyrannousbaug [bˈɑug] adj. tyrannous, cruel, oppressive ◇ Ety/372

tyrantbauglir [bˈɑuglir] n. tyrant, oppressor ◇ Ety/372

underdi-* [di] pref. beneath, under ← di-nguruthos LotR/IV:X, RGEO/72, Letters/278, VT/45:37The only known usage of this word is as prefix, but VT/45:37 lists it as a unitary word dinu* [nu] (no) prep. under ◇ Ety/378, etc.With suffixed article, see also nuinnuin* [nujn] prep. under the ◇ Ety/378, etc.

understandhenia- [hˈɛni.ɑ] v. to understand ◈ henio [hˈɛni.ɔ] v. inf. of henia-, to understand ◇ Ety/363

understandinghannas [hˈɑnnɑs] n. understanding, intelligence ◇ Ety/363

unionerthad* [ˈɛrθɑd] ger. of ertha-, union, uniting ← Aderthad S/409

uniqueminai* [mˈinɑj] (minei) adj. single, distinct, unique ◇ Ety/373, X/EI

uniteertha-* [ˈɛrθɑ] v. to unite ← Aderthad S/409

unitingerthad* [ˈɛrθɑd] ger. of ertha-, union, uniting ← Aderthad S/409

unquenchableuluithiad* [ulˈujθi.ɑd] adj. unquenchable, without quenching ◇ SD/62

upam I [ɑm] prep. 1. up, upwards ○ 2. upon ◇ Ety/348

uphillambenn [ˈɑmbɛnn] (ambend, amben) adv. uphill, sloping upwards ◇ Ety/348, Ety/380, X/ND3, X/ND4

uponam I [ɑm] prep. 1. up, upwards ○ 2. upon ◇ Ety/348

uproarglam* [glˈɑm] (glamm*, glamb*) n. 1. barbarous speech, shouting, confused noise ○ 2. din, uproar, the confused yelling and bellowing of beasts ○ 3. by ext. as a coll. noun, any body of orcs ◇ Ety/358, Ety/377, WJ/390, WJ/416

upwardsam I [ɑm] prep. 1. up, upwards ○ 2. upon ◇ Ety/348ambenn [ˈɑmbɛnn] (ambend, amben) adv. uphill, sloping upwards ◇ Ety/348, Ety/380, X/ND3, X/ND4

urgehortha- [hˈɔrθɑ] v. to urge on, speed ◇ Ety/364

usammen* [ˈɑmmɛn] pron. of us, for us, toward us ◇ LotR/II:IV, LB/354, VT/44:21,27men* I [mˈɛn] pron. us ← ammen LotR/II:IV, LB/354mín* I [mˈiːn] pron. us ◇ VT/44:21,28

useiuith [jˈujθ] n. use ◇ Ety/400iuitha- [jˈujθɑ] v. to employ, to use ◈ iuitho [jˈujθɔ] v. inf. of iuitha-, to employ, to use ◇ Ety/400The gloss was hardly legible. Christopher Tolkien reads 'to enjoy' but the meaning 'to employ' is much more probable (cf. iuith)

usefulmaer [mˈɑɛr] adj. useful, fit, good (of things) ◇ Ety/371

vaguehethu* [hˈɛθu] (hethw) adj. foggy, obscure, vague ◇ Ety/364, X/W

valeim* II [ˈim] (imm, imb) n. dell, deep vale ← imlad, imloth, imrath, VT/45:18

valleyimlad* [ˈimlɑd] n. narrow valley with steep sides, deep valley ◇ S/433, LotR/Index, VT/45:18imloth* [ˈimlɔθ] n. flower-valley ◇ LotR/V:VIII, VT/42:18This word only occurs in the place name Imloth Melui, a vale where roses grewimrath* [ˈimrɑθ] n. long narrow valley with a road or watercourse running through it lengthwise ◇ UT/465lad* [lˈɑd] n. plain, valley ◇ S/433nan* [nˈɑn] (nand*, nann) n. 1. wide grassland, land at foot of hills with many streams ○ 2. by ext. valley ◇ Ety/374, S/435, Letters/308, VT/45:36, X/ND1tum* [tˈum] n. deep valley, under or among hills ◇ Ety/394, S/438

valourcaun II [kˈɑun] n. valour ◇ Ety/362gorn* II [gˈɔrn] n. valor ← Aragorn PM/xii

vassalbôr (corr. bór) [bˈɔːr] pl. bŷr (corr. býr) [bˈyːr] (berein, beren) n. steadfast, trusty man, faithful vassal ◇ Ety/353bŷr* I [bˈyːr] (bior, beor) n. follower, vassal ◇ Ety/352, X/IU

vasttaur III [tˈɑur] adj. mighty, vast, overwhelming, huge, awful, high, sublime ◇ Ety/395

veilesgal* [ˈɛsgɑl] n. veil, screen, cover that hides ◇ S/431fân* [fˈɑːn] n. 1. veil ○ 2. by ext. cloud (applied to clouds, floating as veils over the blue sky or the sun or moon, or resting on hills) ◇ RGEO/74gwathra-* [gwˈɑθrɑ] v. to overshadow, dim, veil, obscure ◇ VT/42:9

veiledhall II [hˈɑll] adj. veiled, hidden, shadowed, shady ◇ Ety/386

veinrant* [rˈɑnt] n. 1. lode, vein ○ 2. course, riverbed ◇ Ety/383, S/436

vengeanceacharn* [ˈɑxɑrn] n. vengeance ◇ WJ/254, WJ/301

verseann-thennath* [ˈɑnn.θˈɛnnɑθ] n. pl. a verse mode, lit. "long-shorts" (alternance of long and short vowels, or rather alternance of long and short verse units, possibly of masculine and feminine rhymes) ◇ LotR/I:XIThe word is not translated by Tolkien. Refer to Tolkien's Legendarium p. 115 for a discussion of its probable meaninglinnod* [lˈinnɔd] n. 1. (?) a single verse used as a maxim ○ 2. (?) a chant of a certain metrical type, where each (half-)verse is composed of seven syllables ◇ LotR/A(iv)The word is not translated by Tolkien. The first meaning assumes that -od is a singulative affix (cf. filigod). The second meaning is proposed by Carl Hostetter and Patrick Wynne in Tolkien's Legendarium p. 132, based on the metrical characteristics of Gilraen's linnod

vesselcalph* [kˈɑlf] (calf) n. water-vessel ◇ Ety/362, X/PHylf* II [ˈylv] n. drinking-vessel ◇ WJ/416

victorytûr [tˈuːr] n. mastery, victory ◇ Ety/395

vigilancetirith* [tˈiriθ] n. watch, guard (abstract noun), vigilance ◇ Ety/394, S/437, Letters/158, VT/42:11

vigourgorf [gˈɔrv] n. impetus, vigour ◇ Ety/359hûr [hˈuːr] n. readiness for action, vigour, fiery spirit ◇ Ety/364 [tˈuː] n. muscle, sinew, vigour, physical strength ◇ Ety/394

villagegobel [gˈɔbɛl̡] n. walled house or village, town ◇ Ety/380

vinegwin* [gwˈin] n. wine, vine ← Dorwinion LotR/Map, LB/11,26,17,112, LR/334,338, H/IXThe wine of Dor-Winion occurs in the Lay of the children of Húrin and the place located either in the "burning South" in the first version, or probably east of the Blue Mountains in the second. Then we have Dorwinion as a meadow-land in Tol Eressëa at the end of the Quenta Silmarillion. It reappears in The Hobbit, and was finally placed North-West of the Sea of Rhûn in the decorated map by Pauline Baynes (see HL/115-117 for discussion). The meaning of this name is unknown and has been largely discussed. What do we have indeed in this "Winion", or rather gwinion since the initial w- must come from lenition? According to Christopher Tolkien, the Lay was begun c. 1918 and was composed during his father's stay at Leeds, a date meaning that the word can be Gnomish, possibly Early Noldorin, or in an indigenous language of Beleriand. In Gnomish and later in Doriathrin and Ilkorin there is a genitive plural ending -ion which may very well be contained in this word. Then we would segment gwin-ion "of gwin". The context calls for "wine", "vine" or something similar. It can hardly be a coincidence that gwin is precisely the Welsh word for "wine", a loan from the Latin vinum, as the English "wine" itself

violencebreged [brˈɛgɛd] n. violence, suddenness ◇ Ety/352

violentasgar [ˈɑsgɑr] (ascar) adj. violent, rushing, impetuous ◇ Ety/386bregol [brˈɛgɔl] adj. violent, sudden, fierce ◇ Ety/352, Ety/373

virginrodwen* [rˈɔdwɛn] n. high virgin noble ◇ WJ/317

virginitygweneth [gwˈɛnɛθ] n. virginity ◇ Ety/398

viscoushîw [hˈiːw] adj. sticky, viscous ◇ Ety/364

voiceslamath* [lˈɑmɑθ] n. coll. of lam I, echoing voices ◇ PM/349

voidcofn [kˈɔvn] (caun) adj. empty, void ◇ Ety/366gaw [gˈɑw] n. void ◇ Ety/358* [jˈɑː] (ia) n. 1. gulf ○ 2. abyss, void ◇ Ety/400, S/432, Letters/383

wainrach* [rˈɑx] pl. raich* [rˈɑjx] n. wain ← Gondraich UT/465

waitdar- [dˈɑr] v. to stay, wait, stop, remain ◈ dartha- [dˈɑrθɑ] v. to wait, stay, last, endure, remain ◇ Ety/353, VT/45:8deri [dˈɛri] v. inf. of dar-, to stay, wait, stop, remain ◇ Ety/353

walkpada-* [pˈɑdɑ] v. to walk ← Aphadon (*ap-pata), Tharbad (*thara-pata) WJ/387, S/438

wallram* [rˈɑm] (rham, rhamb) n. wall ◇ Ety/382, S/436, X/RH

wanderrevia-* [rˈɛvi.ɑ] v. 1. to fly, sail ○ 2. to wander ◈ revio* [rˈɛvi.ɔ] (rhevio (corr. rhenio)) v. inf. of revia-, 1. to fly, sail ○ 2. to wander ◇ Ety/382, X/RH

wandererrandír* [rˈɑndiːr] (rhandir) n. m. wanderer, pilgrim ◇ Ety/383, VT/42:13, X/RH

wanderingmist [mˈist] n. error, wandering ◇ Ety/373rain* II [rˈɑjn] (rein II) n. erratic wandering ◇ VT/42:13

warauth I [ˈɑuθ] n. war, battle ◇ Ety/365, Ety/379

warebach [bˈɑx] n. article (for exchange), ware, thing ◇ Ety/372

warmlaug* [lˈɑug] (lhaug) adj. warm ◇ Ety/368, X/LH

warriordaug [dˈɑug] n. warrior, soldier (chiefly used of orcs) ◇ Ety/375maethor [mˈɑɛθr̩] n. warrior ◇ Ety/371

wasteeru [ˈɛru] n. waste, desert ◇ Ety/356

watchtir- [tˈir] v. to watch, to gaze, look at ◈ tiri [tˈiri] v. inf. of tir-, to watch, to gaze, look at ◇ Ety/394tiria- [tˈiri.ɑ] pa. t. tiriant [tˈiri.ɑnt] v. to watch, to gaze, look at ◇ Ety/394tirio [tˈiri.ɔ] v. inf. of tiria-, to watch, to gaze, look at ◇ Ety/394tirith* [tˈiriθ] n. watch, guard (abstract noun), vigilance ◇ Ety/394, S/437, Letters/158, VT/42:11

watchertirn [tˈirn] n. watcher ← heledirn Ety/394

waternen* [nˈɛn] pl. nîn* [nˈiːn] n. 1. water (used of a lake, pool or lesser river) ○ 2. by ext. waterland ◇ Ety/376, S/435, UT/457

waterfalllanthir* [lˈɑnθir] n. waterfall ◇ S/406, PM/349

waterlandnen* [nˈɛn] pl. nîn* [nˈiːn] n. 1. water (used of a lake, pool or lesser river) ○ 2. by ext. waterland ◇ Ety/376, S/435, UT/457

waterynend [nˈɛnd] (nenn) adj. watery ◇ Ety/376, X/ND1nîn* III [nˈiːn] adj. wet, watery ← Nindalf TC/195, S/435nínui* [nˈiːnuj] n. and adj. 1. watery ○ 2. Cal. as a noun, the month of february ◇ LotR/D

wayathrad* [ˈɑθrɑd] pl. ethraid* [ˈɛθrɑjd] n. (river-)crossing, ford, way ◇ Ety/349, Ety/383, UT/437men* II [mˈɛn] n. way, road ◇ UT/281othlonn* [ˈɔθlɔnn] (othlond, othlon) n. paved way ◇ Ety/370, X/ND4pâd* [pˈɑːd] n. way ← Aphadon (*ap-pata), Tharbad (*thara-pata) WJ/387, S/438rada- [rˈɑdɑ] v. to make a way, find a way ◈ rado [rˈɑdɔ] v. inf. of rada-, to make a way, find a way ◇ Ety/383 [tˈɛː] n. line, way ◇ Ety/391tharbad* [θˈɑrbɑd] n. cross-way ◇ S/438

weavernathron [nˈɑθrɔn] n. weaver, webster ◇ Ety/375

webgwî [gwˈiː] n. net, web ◇ Ety/398lhing* [ɬˈiŋ] (thling) n. spider, spider's web, cobweb ◇ Ety/386, X/LHnath [nˈɑθ] n. web ◇ Ety/375

websternathron [nˈɑθrɔn] n. weaver, webster ◇ Ety/375

wedgenaith* [nˈɑjθ] pl. natsai [nˈɑtsɑj] n. any formation or projection tapering to a point: a spearhead, gore, wedge, narrow promontory, triangle ◇ Ety/387, UT/282

weedgalenas* [gˈɑlɛnɑs] n. Bot. pipe-weed (leaf) or "westmansweed", a variety of Nicotiana ◇ LotR/V:VIII

weepingnîr [nˈiːr] n. tear, weeping ◇ Ety/376

welleithel* [ˈɛjθɛl̡] pl. eithil* [ˈɛjθil̡] n. spring, issue of water, well ◇ Ety/363, S/430, S/433, WJ/85, TC/187mae* [mˈɑɛ] adv. well ◇ LotR/I:XII, Letters/308

werewolfgaur [gˈɑur] n. werewolf ◇ Ety/377gaurhoth* [gˈɑur.hɔθ] n. class pl. of gaur, group of werewolves ◇ LotR/II:IV

westannûn* [ˈɑnnuːn] n. west, sunset ◇ Ety/376, S/428, LotR/VI:IV, LotR/E, LB/354, Letters/308dûn* [dˈuːn] n. west ◇ Ety/376, S/428, LotR/E-F

westernannui* [ˈɑnnuj] adj. western ◇ SD/129-31

westmansweedgalenas* [gˈɑlɛnɑs] n. Bot. pipe-weed (leaf) or "westmansweed", a variety of Nicotiana ◇ LotR/V:VIII

westronannúnaid* [ɑnnˈuːnɑjd] n. Ling. the "Westron" language (one of the names for Common Speech) ◇ PM/316

wetlimp* [lˈimp] (lhimp) adj. wet ◇ Ety/369, X/LHloen* [lˈɔɛn] adj. soaking wet, swamped ◇ VT/42:10mesg [mˈɛsg] (mesc) adj. wet ◇ Ety/373nîd [nˈiːd] adj. damp, wet, tearful ◇ Ety/376nîn* III [nˈiːn] adj. wet, watery ← Nindalf TC/195, S/435

whatman* [mɑn] pron. what? (?) ◇ TL/21:09

whenir* [ˈir] conj. when(?) ◇ LB/354This word is not translated. It could be related to Quenya íre "when". Some scholars also consider that it could be the form taken by the article i before a vowel, on a pattern similar to ah. To this respect, it might be interesting to note the ir was the allative/dative form of the article in the old Gnomish lexixon, PE/11:9

whirlhwinia-* [ʍˈini.ɑ] v. to twirl, whirl, eddy ◈ hwinio* [ʍˈini.ɔ] (chwinio) v. inf. of hwinia-, to twirl, whirl, eddy ◇ Ety/388

whirlinghwind* [ʍˈind] (chwind, chwinn) adj. twirling, whirling ◇ Ety/388, X/ND1, X/HWhwiniol* [ʍˈini.ɔl] (chwiniol) part. of hwinia-, whirling, giddy, fantastic ◇ Ety/388

whisperlhoss* [ɬɔˈss] (floss, thloss) n. whisper or rustling sound ◇ Ety/386, X/LHrhoss* II [ɹ̥ˈɔss] (thross) n. whisper or rustling sound ◇ Ety/386, X/RH

whitebrassen [brˈɑssɛn] adj. white-hot ◇ Ety/351faen* [fˈɑɛn] (foen) adj. radiant, white ◇ Ety/381, X/OEfain* [fˈɑjn] (fein) adj. white ◇ Ety/387, WR/288, X/EIglân* I [glˈɑːn] adj. bright, shining white ← Curunír 'Lân UT/390The word is deduced from its mutated form, but it is worth mentioning that a stem GALÁN "bright", with glan "daylight" and later "clear" as derivative, is listed in the Etymologies (not included in the published text), see VT/45:13. Most of the words meaning "white" in the Indo-Eureopean languages come from the original notion of "brightness", e.g. Greek leukós "white" is cognate with Latin lucere "to shine", lux "light". This association of sense is also found in Gnomish, PE11:39 (glan "clean, pure", from "bright" originally) and in Early Noldorin (PE13:144, glann "clean"). The similarity with Welsh glan (where the vowel, incidentally, is long, which is concealed by Welsh orthographic convention) is also strikinggloss* [glˈɔss] adj. snow-white, dazzling-white ◇ Ety/359, RGEO/70, VT/42:18nimp [nˈimp] (nim-) adj. pale, white ◇ Ety/378silivren* [silˈivrɛn] adj. (white) glittering ◇ LotR/II:I, RGEO/72uilos* [ˈujlɔs] n. and adj. 1. always white, ever white as snow ○ 2. Bot. as a noun, a small white everlasting flower also called simbelmynë, evermind, alfirin ◇ RGEO/74, Letters/278, UT/55See also alfirin

whitennimmida- [nˈimmidɑ] (nimmid) pa. t. nimmint [nˈimmint] v. to whiten ◇ Ety/378, X/Z

whoai* II [ɑj] pron. for those who ◇ VT/44:21,30i* [i] pl. in* [in] art. and pron. 1. the ○ 2. who ◇ Ety/361, SD/129-31, Letters/308, Letters/417

wideland* II [lˈɑnd] (lhand, lhann) adj. wide, broad ← Landroval LotR/VI:IV, Ety/367, X/LH, X/ND1pann II [pˈɑnn] adj. wide ◇ Ety/380ûr II [ˈuːr] n. wide ◇ Ety/396

wieldtortha- [tˈɔrθɑ] v. to wield, control ◈ tortho [tˈɔrθɔ] v. inf. of tortha-, to wield, control ◇ Ety/395

wifebess* [bˈɛss] n. f. 1. (young) woman ○ 2. wife ◇ Ety/352, SD/129-31hervess [hˈɛrvɛs] (herves) n. f. wife ◇ Ety/352, Ety/364

wildbrêg (corr. brerg) [brˈɛːg] adj. wild, fierce ◇ Ety/373rhavan* [ɹ̥ˈɑvɑn] pl. rhevain* [ɹ̥ˈɛvɑjn] n. wild man ◇ WJ/219rhovan* [ɹ̥ˈɔvɑn] adj. wild ← Rhovanion LotR/Map

wildernessgwaith* [gwˈɑjθ] n. 1. troop of able-bodied men, people ○ 2. by ext. region, wilderness ◇ Ety/398rhaw II [ɹ̥ˈɑw] n. wilderness ◇ Ety/382, X/RH

willinnas* [ˈinnɑs] n. will ◇ VT/44:21,26

willowtathar* [tˈɑθr̩] (tathor) n. Bot. willow-tree ◇ Ety/391, S/438tathren* [tˈɑθrɛn] adj. of willow, having willows ◇ Ety/391, S/438

wilycoru* [kˈɔru] (corw) adj. cunning, wily ◇ Ety/366, X/W

windgwaew [gwˈɑɛw] n. wind ◈ sûl* I [sˈuːl] n. wind ◇ S/437

windowhenneth* [hˈɛnnɛθ] n. window ◇ S/428

windygwaeren* [gwˈɑɛrɛn] adj. windy ◇ VT/42:15

winegwin* [gwˈin] n. wine, vine ← Dorwinion LotR/Map, LB/11,26,17,112, LR/334,338, H/IXThe wine of Dor-Winion occurs in the Lay of the children of Húrin and the place located either in the "burning South" in the first version, or probably east of the Blue Mountains in the second. Then we have Dorwinion as a meadow-land in Tol Eressëa at the end of the Quenta Silmarillion. It reappears in The Hobbit, and was finally placed North-West of the Sea of Rhûn in the decorated map by Pauline Baynes (see HL/115-117 for discussion). The meaning of this name is unknown and has been largely discussed. What do we have indeed in this "Winion", or rather gwinion since the initial w- must come from lenition? According to Christopher Tolkien, the Lay was begun c. 1918 and was composed during his father's stay at Leeds, a date meaning that the word can be Gnomish, possibly Early Noldorin, or in an indigenous language of Beleriand. In Gnomish and later in Doriathrin and Ilkorin there is a genitive plural ending -ion which may very well be contained in this word. Then we would segment gwin-ion "of gwin". The context calls for "wine", "vine" or something similar. It can hardly be a coincidence that gwin is precisely the Welsh word for "wine", a loan from the Latin vinum, as the English "wine" itself

wingrafn* [rˈɑvn] (rhafn) n. wing (horn), extended point at side, etc. ◇ Ety/382, X/RHroval* [rˈɔvɑl] (rhofal) pl. rovail* [rˈɔvɑjl] (rhofel) n. pinion, great wing (of eagle) ← Landroval LotR/VI:IV, Ety/382, X/RH

winterrhîw* [ɹ̥ˈiːw] n. Cal. winter season ◇ LotR/D

wisegoll [gˈɔll] adj. wise ◇ Ety/377golwen [gˈɔlwɛn] adj. wise, learned in deep arts ◇ Ety/377idhren [ˈiðrɛn] adj. pondering, wise, thoughtful ◇ Ety/361sael* [sˈɑɛl] adj. wise ← Saelon WJ/233, MR/305, SD/129-31

wishiest [jˈɛst] n. wish ◇ Ety/400

withah* [ɑh] prep. and conj. and, with ◇ MR/329The title Athrabeth Finrod ah Andreth is translated as "converse of Finrod and Andreth", but some scholars actually believe this word to be unrelated with the conjunction a I, ar "and", and they render it as "with". Other scholars consider that "and" and "with" (in the comitative sense) are not exclusive of each other, and regard ah as the form taken by this conjunction before a vowel. That a, ar and ah are etymologically related has finally been confirmed in VT43:29-30. Compare also with Welsh, where the coordination "and" also takes different forms whether it occurs before a vowel or a consonant (respectively ac and a). In written Welsh, a often triggers the aspirate mutation: bara a chaws "bread and cheese". This usage is seldom applied in colloquial Welsh (Modern Welsh §510)an- [ɑn] pref. with, by ◇ Ety/374na* [nɑ] prep. 1. with, by (also used as a genitive sign) ○ 2. to, towards, at ◇ Ety/374, LotR/I:XII

witheredtharn [θˈɑrn] adj. sapless, stiff, rigid, withered ◇ Ety/388

witheringpeleth* [pˈɛlɛθ] n. fading, withering ← Narbeleth LotR/Dpelin [pˈɛlin] n. fading, withering ← Lhasbelin Ety/366

withoutar- I [ɑr] pref. 1. Arch. etym. beside ○ 2. by ext. without ◇ Ety/349pen* I [pɛn] prep. without, lacking, -less ← Iarwain ben-adar LotR/II:II

wizardcurunír* [kˈurunˌiːr] (curunir) n. m. wizard ◇ Ety/366, LotR/III:VIII, LotR/Bithron* [ˈiθrɔn] pl. ithryn* [ˈiθryn] n. wizard ◇ UT/448, Letters/448

woenaeth* [nˈɑɛθ] n. 1. biting ○ 2. by ext. woe (gets senses of gnashing teeth in grief) ← Elu-naeth WJ/258, Ety/374-375

wolfdraug* [drˈɑug] n. Zool. wolf ◇ Ety/354, S/430garaf [gˈɑrɑv] n. wolf ◇ Ety/377gaul [gˈɑul] n. wolf-howl ◇ Ety/377gaurwaith* [gˈɑur.wɑjθ] n. wolf-men ◇ UT/85, UT/90

womanadaneth* [ˈɑdɑnɛθ] n. f. (mortal) woman ◇ MR/349arwen* [ˈɑrwɛn] n. f. noble woman ← Arwen (name) LotRbess* [bˈɛss] n. f. 1. (young) woman ○ 2. wife ◇ Ety/352, SD/129-31dess [dˈɛss] n. f. young woman ◇ Ety/375 [dˈiː] n. f. Poet. woman, lady ◇ Ety/352, Ety/354

wooderyn* [ˈɛryn] n. wood ◇ UT/436, LotR/Bglad* [glˈɑd] n. wood ← Methed-en-Glad UT/452taur* II [tˈɑur] n. great wood, forest ◇ Ety/391, S/420, S/438tawar* [tˈɑwɑr] n. 1. wood (as a material) ○ 2. by ext. great wood, forest ← Tawar-in-Drúedain UT/467, Ety/391

woodentawaren [tˈɑwɑrɛn] pl. tewerin [tˈɛwɛrin] adj. wooden ◇ Ety/391

woodpeckertavor [tˈɑvr̩] (tavr, tafr) n. Orn. woodpecker (bird) ◇ Ety/390

wooltaw [tˈɑw] adj. of wool, woollen ◇ Ety/394

woollentaw [tˈɑw] adj. of wool, woollen ◇ Ety/394

wordpeth* [pˈɛθ] n. word ◇ Ety/366, LotR/II:IV, RS/463

worldardhon* [ˈɑrðɔn] n. 1. great region, province ○ 2. by ext. world ← Calenardhon S/386, PM/348gardh* [gˈɑrð] n. 1. bounded or defined region ○ 2. by ext. world ◇ WJ/402

worngern [gˈɛrn] adj. worn, old, decripit (used of things only) ◇ Ety/360

wosedrû* [drˈuː] pl. drúin* [drˈuː.in] n. wild man, wose, púkel-man ◇ UT/385In PE/11:31, an older Gnomish word drû, drui meant "wood, forest", and in PE/13:142, the early Noldorin word drú was assigned the meaning "dark". Drû pl. Drúin later came to be used for the name of the Woses, with other derivatives (Drúadan, etc.). "Wose" is actually the modernization of an Anglo-Saxon word wasa only found in the compound wudu-wasa "wild man of the woods", cf. UT/385 sq. In the drafts of the "Ride of the Rohirrim" in WR/343-346, the Woses first appear as "the dark men of Eilenach". Though internally said to derive from drughu in their own tongue, Tolkien's choice for the Sindarin name of the Woses was apparently influenced by earlier meanings assigned to this word drúadan* [drˈuːɑdɑn] pl. drúedain* [drˈuːɛdɑjn] n. Pop. wild man, one of the Woses ◇ UT/385drúath* [drˈuːɑθ] n. coll. of drû, Pop. the people of the Drû (q.v.), the Woses ◇ UT/385

woundharna- [hˈɑrnɑ] v. to wound ◈ harno [hˈɑrnɔ] v. inf. of harna-, to wound ◇ Ety/386haru* [hˈɑru] (harw) n. wound ◇ Ety/386, X/W

woundedharn II [hˈɑrn] adj. wounded ◇ Ety/386

wovenremmen* [rˈɛmmɛn] pl. remmin* [rˈɛmmin] pp. woven, netted, tangled ← galadhremmin LotR/E, LotR/II:I, RGEO/72

wreath* [rˈiː] (rhî) n. crown, wreath, garland ◇ Ety/383, PM/347, X/RH

wrightthavron [θˈɑvrɔn] n. carpenter, wright, builder ◇ Ety/388

writeteitha- [tˈɛjθɑ] pa. t. teithant [tˈɛjθɑnt] v. to write ◇ LotR/II:IVteitho [tˈɛjθɔ] v. inf. of teitha-, to write ◇ Ety/391

wrongneitha-* [nˈɛjθɑ] v. to wrong, to deprive ← Neithan UT/456raeg* [rˈɑɛg] (rhoeg) adj. crooked, bent, wrong ◇ Ety/383, X/OE, X/RHúthaes* [ˈuːθɑɛs] n. inducement to do wrong, temptation ◇ VT/44:30

wrongedneithan* [nˈɛjθɑn] adj. deprived, wronged ◇ UT/456

yardsant* [sˈɑnt] n. garden, field, yard, or other place in private ownership whether enclosed or not ◇ VT/42:20

yearennin I [ˈɛnnin] n. Valian year ◇ Ety/400idhrinn* [ˈiðrinn] (idhrind, idhrin) n. year ◇ Ety/383, Ety/400, X/ND4în II [ˈiːn] n. year ◇ Ety/400penninor [pˈɛnninɔr] (penninar) n. Cal. last day of the year ◇ Ety/400, X/Z

yellingglam* [glˈɑm] (glamm*, glamb*) n. 1. barbarous speech, shouting, confused noise ○ 2. din, uproar, the confused yelling and bellowing of beasts ○ 3. by ext. as a coll. noun, any body of orcs ◇ Ety/358, Ety/377, WJ/390, WJ/416

yellowmalen [mˈɑlɛn] pl. melin [mˈɛlin] adj. yellow ◇ Ety/386

yokeianu* [jˈɑnu] (ianw) n. (?) yoke ◇ Ety/400, X/WIt originally meant "bridge" in the Etymologies, but was apparently switched with iant

youngneth [nˈɛθ] adj. young ◇ Ety/377

youthnîth [nˈiːθ] n. youth ◇ Ety/377