Description
Title

James W. Bright's Glossary of the Anglo-Saxon Language: a machine readable transcription

Directed by Sean Crist for the Germanic Lexicon Project

Converted to TEI P4 XML by Didier Willis

Edition

Edition 0.3b

First TEI P4X edition

4156 entries.

Publication

2005, Didier Willis

Availability

Status: free.

This material is available free of charge and free of copyright or other intellectual property encumbrance.

You are welcome to copy this document, repost it, modify it, incorporate it into other works, etc. There are no restrictions. The only request is that you give due credit to the Germanic Lexicon Project for digitizing the data.

Notes

The following individuals hand-typed the respective pages of the glossary:

pp. 241-251: Sean Crist

pp. 252-281: Steven Krise

pp. 282-283: Sean Crist

pp. 284-295: Sharon Goetz

pp. 296-305: Steve Gadd

pp. 306-319: Hoyt Greeson

pp. 320-329: Jonathon Kirkby

pp. 330-335: Steven Krise

pp. 336-355: Ruth Coy

pp. 356-361: Steven Krise

pp. 362-367: Hoyt Greeson

pp. 368-373: R. Michael Tugwell

pp. 374-379: Diana C. Briscoe

pp. 380-385: Sarah Love

Source

An Anglo-Saxon Reader by James W. Bright (1912).

The glossary comprises pages 241-385 of the text.

Encoding
Project declaration

Core file encoded manually in XML by a group of volunteers.

Sean Crist tried performing OCR on the glossary, but the results were so degraded that he considered them to be unusable. OCR did not seem to be an option at that time, so Sean decided to recruit volunteers to type the text. He wrote to the ANSAX-L mailing list and then snail mailed xeroxed pages to the volunteers. Then he regularized the character encoding and reassambled the submissions into a single online document. This strategy worked splendidly. A hearty thanks to these volunteers for making this reference available to all!

The original text distinguished e-with-hook from plain e, and o-with-hook from plain o. Volunteers were told to ignore this etymological distinction and just type e and o. Likewise, the original glossary contained page references back to the main text; since it would be a lot of work to work to key, volunteers were told to skip the page numbers.

After reassembling the typed text, Sean wrote a Perl script to parse the glossary and output an XML version to show the structure of the document.

Minor validation has been done on some of the fields. It would still be good to spell check the definition fields with a modern English spell checker, check the Old English forms against a corpus of Old English, etc. None of these steps have been taken yet; it is therefore nearly certain that there are undetected errors in this glossary.

(Source: <http://www.ling.upenn.edu/~kurisuto/germanic/oe_bright_about.html>)

Didier Willis converted the original XML to TEI P4:

- Edition 0.1a: First automated conversion using XSLT style-sheets.

- Edition 0.2a: Several minor typographic changes to the original XML (checked vs. the scanned text in case of doubt).

- Edition 0.3a: Expanded parts of speech (partial); Pages 241-244, 260 and 380 checked and corrected vs. the scanned text.

- Edition 0.3b: Expanded parts of speech (continue); Pages 245-246, 271-275 checked and corrected vs. the scanned text, minor corrections elsewhere.

XHTML version automatically generated from the XML (TEI) source using XSLT.

XSL-FO version automatically generated from the XHTML version using XSLT.

PDF version automatically generated from the XSL-FO version using PassiveTeX.

Correction

Status: low.

This version has not been checked vs. the original text for all pages.

XML file validated with Richard Tobin's RXP software, for conformance to a subset of the TEI P4 DTD.

XHTML version validated with Richard Tobin's RXP software, for compliance with XHTML 1.0 Transitional.

The XSL-FO version is not validated.


(Page 241)

A

ā (ō, oo) adv. aye, ever, always

ǣ (ǣw) f. law ◈ dat. sg. ǣGer Ehe

abbod m. abbot ◈ gen. sg. abbodesLat abbātem

abbudisse f. abbess ◈ gen. sg. abbudissanLat abbētissa

ā-bēodan (pret. sg. -bēad, pret. pl. -budon, perf. part. -boden) (2) enjoin, announce

ā-beran (pret. sg. -bær, pret. pl. -bǣron, perf. part. -boren) (4) bear, endure

ā-bīdan (pret. sg. -bād, pret. pl. -bidon, perf. part. -biden) (1) abide, remain

ā-bisgian (-bysgian) (W.II) engage, occupy ◈ perf. part. ābisgod (-ad) ◇ bysig

ā-bisgung f. occupation

āblendan (W.I) make blind, darken ◈ perf. part. āblendpl. āblendeGer blenden

ā-blinnan (pret. sg. -blann, pret. pl. -blunnon, perf. part. -blunnen) (3) cease ◈ 3rd sg. ablinð<be-linnan cf. līðe

ā-brecan (pret. sg. -bræc, pret. pl. -brǣcon, perf. part. -brocen) (4) break down, destroy

ā-bregdan (pret. sg. -brægd, pret. pl. -brugdon, perf. part. -brogden) (3) 1. (intr.) smite ○ 2. (trans.) withdraw ◈ imp. 2nd sg. ābregd

ā-brēoðan (pret. sg. -brēað, pret. pl. -bruðon, perf. part. -broðen) (2) 1. (trans.) frustrate, ruin ○ 2. (intr.) fail, perish ◈ opt. 3rd sg. ābrēoðe

ā-bȳwan (W.I) prepare, equip, adorn ◈ perf. part. pl. ābȳwdebūan

ac (ah) conj. but

ā-cennan (W.I) beget, bring forth ◈ perf. part. ācennedsg. ācendanpl. ācende

Achāia f. Achaia

ā-cōlian (W.II) become cool ◈ perf. part. ācōlad

(Page 242)

ācsian (āhsian, āxian, āscian) (W.II) ask ◈ 1st sg. ācsige2nd sg. āhsast3rd sg. āscað1st pl. ācsiað (āhsiað) ◈ pret. 3rd sg. āxode (āhsode) ◈ 3rd pl. āxodon (ācsedon)

ā-cweccan (W.I) shake (trans. and intr.)pret. 3rd sg. ācwehte

ā-cwelan (pret. sg. -cwæl, pret. pl. -cwǣlon, perf. part. -cwolen) (4) die ◈ pret. opt. 3rd sg. ācwǣle

ā-cwellan (W.I) kill ◈ imp. 2nd sg. ācwel2nd pl. ācwellaðpret. 3rd sg. ācwældeperf. part. ācwealdcwelan

ā-cweðan (pret. sg. -cwæð, pret. pl. -cwǣdon, perf. part. -cweden) (5) speak ◈ 3rd sg. ācwið

ā-cȳþan (W.I) reveal, proclaim ◇ cūð

ād m. fire, funeral pile ◈ dat. sg. ādeacc. sg. ādinst. sg. ādeOHG eit, Gr αἶθοσ

ād-lēg m. flame of the pyre

ā-dīlegian (-dȳlegian) (W.II) blot out, obliterate ◈ pret. 3rd sg. ādīlegodeperf. part. pl. -dȳlegodeGer tilgen

ādl f. (n.) disease ◈ gen. sg. ādleacc. pl. ādla

ādlig adj. diseased, sick ◈ n. ādliga

ā-drǣfan (W.I) drive away, expel ◈ pret. 3rd sg. ādrǣfde3rd pl. -don

ǣdre adv. forthwith, quickly

ā-drēogan (pret. sg. -drēah, pret. pl. -drugon, perf. part. -drogen) (2) endure, experience, practice

ā-drīfan (pret. sg. -drāf, pret. pl. -drifon, perf. part. -drifen) (1) drive away ◈ 3rd sg. ādrīfðperf. part. pl. ādrifene

ā-dwǣscan (W.I) quench, extinguish ◈ pret. 3rd sg. ādwǣscte

ā-dȳdan (W.I) put to death ◈ pret. 3rd sg. ādȳddedēad

ā-dȳlegian → ā-dīlegian

ā-ebbian (W.II) ebb away, recede ◈ perf. part. āhebbad

ā-fandian (W.II) make trial of, experience ◈ perf. part. sg. āfandode

ā-faran (pret. sg. -fōr, pret. pl. -fōron, perf. part. -faren) (6) go, march

ā-fǣran (W.I) make afraid, terrify ◈ perf. part. āfǣred

ǣ-fæstnes f. piety ◈ dat. sg. ǣfestnisse

ā-feallan (pret. sg. -fēoll, pret. pl. -fēollon, perf. part. -feallen) (R.) fall ◈ pres. part. āfeallende3rd sg. āfielðopt. 3rd sg. āfealle

ā-fēdan (W.I) feed, sustain ◈ 3rd sg. āfēdeðpret. 3rd sg. āfēdde

ǣfen n. evening ◈ dat. sg. ǣfenne

ǣfen-giefl n. evening repast, supper

æfest (æfst) f. n. disfavor, envy, malice ◇ æf-ēst, OHG abunst

ǣ-fest → ǣw-fæst

ǣ-festnes → ǣ-fæstnes

(Page 243)

ā-flēon (pret. sg. -flēah, pret. pl. -flugon, perf. part. -flogen) (2) 1. (intr.) fly ○ 2. (trans.) fly from ◈ 3rd sg. āflȳhð

ā-flīgan (W.I) put to flight ◈ pret. 2nd pl. āflīgdonperf. part. pl. āflīgdeflēon

ā-flȳman (W.I) cause to flee, drive out ◈ pret. 3rd sg. āflȳmdeflēam

ā-forhtian (W.II) frighten ◈ perf. part. pl. āforhtode

ǣfre adv. ever

æftan adv. from behind, behind

æfter prep. (with dat.) 1. after (time and place) ; æfter ðissum after this (adv.) ; æfter ðæm thereafter (adv.)2. along (place) ○ 3. according to ○ 4. adv afterwards

æfter-fyligan (W.III) follow after ◈ pres. part. pl. -fyligende (with dat.)dat. sg. -fylgende successor ◈ opt. 3rd sg. -fylige (intr.)

æfter-genga m. successor ◈ nom. pl. -gengan

ā-fyllan (W.I) fill ◈ perf. part. āfylledfull

ā-fyllan (W.I) cause to fall, destroy ◇ feallan

ā-fyrhtan (W.I) frighten ◈ perf. part. ( adj. ) pl. āfyrhte

ā-fyrran (W.I) remove, take away ◈ 3rd sg. āfyrð (āfyrreþ) ◈ opt. 3rd sg. āfyrreperf. part. āfyrredfeorr

ā-fȳsan (W.I) 1. (intr.) hasten forth ○ 2. (trans.) incite to go ◈ perf. part. āfȳsedfūs

ǣg n. egg ◈ dat. sg. ǣge

āgan (PP.) possess ◈ ger. āgenne1st sg. āhopt. 3rd sg. āgepret. 3rd sg. āhteMod own

ā-gān (pret. sg. -ēode, perf. part. -gān) go ◈ perf. part. pl. āgāne

agēn → ongēan

āgen ( perf. part. ) adj. own ◈ dat. sg. āgnumacc. sg. āgen (āgenne) ◈ gen. pl. āgenraāgan

ā-gēotan (pret. sg. -gēat, pret. pl. -guton, perf. part. -goten) (2) pour, shed ◈ pres. part. āgēotendeGer giessen

ā-gētan (W.I) injure, kill ◈ perf. part. āgēted

ā-gifan (-giefan, -gyfan) (pret. sg. -geaf, pret. pl. -gēafon, perf. part. -gifen) (5) give, relinquish, return ◈ pret. 3rd sg. āgefpret. opt. 3rd pl. āgēafen

ǣg-hwā pron. each, every ◈ gen. sg. ǣghwǣs adv, in every respect, entirely

ǣg-hwǣr adv. everywhere

ǣg-hwæðer (ǣgðer, āðer) 1. pron, each (one of two or more) ◈ nom. sg. ǣgðergen. sg. ǣgðresdat. sg. ǣgðrumacc. sg. ǣgþerne2. conj. ; ǣg-hwæþer ge ... ge both ... and ; ǣgðer ge ... ge both ... and ; āðer oððe ... oððe either ... or

(Page 244)

ǣg-hwilc pron. each

ǣg-hwonan adv. from all sides, on all sides

āglǣca (ǣglǣca) m. monster, fiend ◈ nom. pl. āglǣcanGoth aglaiti

āgnian (W.II) possess, assume as one's own ◈ 3rd pl. āgniaðāgen

ǣgðer → ǣg-hwæðer

ā-gyldan (-gieldan) (pret. sg. -geald, pret. pl. -guldon, perf. part. -golden) (3) 1. repay, requite ○ 2. punish

ā-gyltan (W.I) offend, sin ◈ opt. 3rd pl. āgyltenpret. 1st pl. āgyltonperf. part. āgylt

ah (ac) conj. but

ā-hebbad → ā-ebbian

ā-hebban (pret. sg. -hōf, pret. pl. -hōfon, perf. part. -hafen) (6) heave, life, raise, exalt ◈ 2nd pl. āhebbeimp. 2nd pl. āhebbaðopt. 3rd pl. āhebban

ā-hōn (pret. sg. -hēng, pret. pl. -hēngon, perf. part. -hangen) (R.) hang (trans.)imp. 2nd sg. āhōhpret. 2nd sg. āhēnge

ā-hreddan (W.I) save, deliver, rescue ◈ ger. āhredenne1st sg. āhreddeopt. 3rd sg. āhreddepret. 3rd sg. āhredde3rd pl. -don

ā-hrēosan (pret. sg. -hrēas, pret. pl. -hruron, perf. part. -hroren) (2) fall ◈ opt. 3rd sg. āhrēose

āhsian → ācsian

ǣht f. possession, property ◈ acc. pl. ǣhtaāgan

ǣht-ge-strēon n. possession, riches

ā-hȳdan (W.I) hide ◈ perf. part. āhȳded

ā-īdligan (W.I) profane ◇ īdel

ā-lǣdan (W.I) 1. (trans.) lead, conduct ◈ 3rd sg. ālǣdeð (ālæt) ◈ imp. 2nd sg. ālǣdperf. part. ālǣddnom. pl. ālǣdde2. (intr.) proceed, grow ◈ pret. opt. 3rd sg. ālǣde

ǣlan WI trans and intrans kindle, burn ◈ 3rd sg. ǣleðperf. part. ǣled

ǣlc pron subst and adj each, any ◈ gen. sg. ǣlcesdat. sg. ǣlcum (ǣlcon, ǣlcere) ◈ acc. sg. ǣlcinst. sg. ǣlce

ælde (ielde, ylde) m. pl. men ◈ gen. pl. ældaeald

aldor → ealdor

aldor-monn (ealdor-) m. chief, magistrate ◈ gen. sg. -monnesnom. pl. -men

ā-lecgan (W.I) lay down, allay, overcome, refute ◈ 3rd pl. ālecgaðpret. 3rd sg. ālēde3rd pl. ālēdonperf. part. ālēdlicgan

(Page 245)

ǣled m. fire

ā-lēfan → ā-lȳfan

ā-lēogan (pret. sg. -lēah, pret. pl. -lugon, perf. part. -logen) (2) lie, deny (with dat. of pers. and acc. of thing)3rd sg. ālīhð

æl-fremed → el-fremed

æl-gylden adj. of pure gold ◈ acc. pl. -gyldene

all → eall

ælmes-georn adj. liberal of alms, charitable ◈ nom. pl. -georne

ælmesse f. alms ◈ dat. sg. almyssanacc. sg. ælmessan(Gr) Lat eleēmosyna

æl-mihtig adj. almighty ◈ ns(?) ælmehtigagen. sg. ælmehtigandat. sg. ælmihtegum

æl-þēodig → el-þēodig

æl-þēodisc → el-þēodisc

ā-lybban (W.III) live

ālȳfan (-lēfan) (W.I) allow, permit, grant (with dat. of pers. and acc. of thing)perf. part. ālȳfed (ālēfed)

ā-lȳsan (W.I) loosen, release, ransom ◈ pret. 3rd sg. ālȳsde (ālēsde) ◈ perf. part. pl. ālȳsede

amang → on-ge-mong

ambor m. measure ◈ gen. pl. ambraGer Eimer

ambyre adj. favorable ◈ acc. sg. ambyrne<and-byre

ā-merian (W.I) free from dross, purify, refine ◈ perf. part. pl. āmerede

ā-metan (5) measure, estimate

ā-myrran (W.I) mar, destroy, hinder ◈ pret. 3rd sg. āmyrde

an → unnan

ān num. adj. 1. (indef art), one, certain one ◈ nom. sg. āndat. sg. ānum (ānre) ◈ acc. sg. ǣnne (ānne, ān) ◈ gen. pl. ānra ; on ān right on, continuously ; ānra gehwæs of each one ○ 2. alone ◈ nom. sg. ānaacc. sg. ānneacc. pl. āna (ān) ; þæt ān only that

an-be-stingan (3) thrust in, insert ◈ perf. part. pl. -stungnan

an-bīdan → on-bīdan

and (ond) conj. and

anda m. zeal, indignation, malice, injury ◈ dat. sg. andanGer ahnden

and-bidian (W.II) wait ◈ pret. opt. 1st sg. -bidode

an-dēfn f. fitting amount, proportion ◈ dat. sg. andēfnedafenian

andetnis f. confession ◈ acc. sg. -nysse

andettan (ondettan) (W.I) confess, acknowledge ◈ pres. part. ondettende1st sg. andette (ondette) ◈ imp. 2nd pl. andettaðand-hātan

and-fenge adj. acceptable ◇ fōn

and-giet (-git) n. intelligence, reason, sense, meaning ◈ gen. sg. andgitesdat. sg. andgieteacc. sg. andgit (ondgit)

(Page 246)

and-gitfull adj. intelligent

and-gitfullīce adv. intelligibly ◈ supl. -gitfullīcost

and-lang adj. continuous, entire ◈ acc. sg. -langne

and-leofen (-lifen) f. living, food, sustenance ◈ dat. sg. -leofne

an-drǣden → on-drǣden

Andred m. the 'Weald' (the great forest in Kent and Sussex)

and-swarian → ond-swarian

and-swaru (ond-) f. answer ◈ acc. sg. -sware

and-weard adj. present ◈ gen. sg. andweardandat. sg. -werdandat. pl. -werdum (ondweardum)

and-wlita m. countenance, appearance ◈ gen. sg. -wlitanwlītan; Ger Antlitz

and-wyrdan (W.I) answer ◈ pret. 1st sg. andwyrde

ān-faldnes (-fealdnes) adj. unity, simplicity ◈ gen. sg. -nesse

ān-feald adj. one-fold, single, unmixed, superior ◈ dat. sg. ānfealdan

ān-fealdlīce adv. in the singular number

ān-for-lǣtan (pret. sg. -lēt, pret. pl. -lēton, perf. part. -lǣten) (R.) leave, abandon ◈ 1st pl. -aþpret. opt. 3rd sg. ānforlēte

Angel n. Anglen (Denmark) ◈ dat. sg. Angle

Angel-cynne (Ongel-) n. Angle kin, English people, England ◈ dat. sg. -cynneacc. sg. -cynn (-cyn, Ongelcyn)

an-ge-weald (=an-weald) power, dominion

an-ginn → on-ginn

Angle m. pl. the Angles, Anglicans, English

an-grīslīc adj. grisly, hideous, horrible

ān-grȳsenlīce (-grīsenlīce) adv. hideously

ān-haga (-hoga) m. solitary, recluse, wanderer ◈ acc. sg. ānhagan

anhangen → on-hōn

ānig adj. only ◈ nom. sg. ānga

ǣnig pron. adj. any ◈ dat. sg. ǣnegumacc. sg. ǣnig (ǣnigne)

an-līc → on-līc

ǣn-līc adj. unique, peerless, excellent

ān-līcnes → on-līcnes

ān-līpig (ǣn-līpig, ān-lēpe) adj. single, individual ◈ acc. sg. ān-lēpnenom. pl. ǣnlīpige

ān-mēdla (on-) m. arrogance ◈ nom. pl. -mēdlanmōd

ān-mōdlīce adv. unanimously

ān-mōdnes f. unanimity ◈ acc. sg. -nesse

ān-nis f. unity ◈ acc. sg. -nysse

ān-rǣd (on-) adj. resolute

(Page 247)

ān-rǣdnis f. constancy ◈ dat. sg. -nysse

an-settan (W.I) put upon, impose

ān-streces (gen) adv continuously

an-sund → on-sund

an-sundnis → on-sundnis

an-sȳn → on-sīen

Ante-crȳst m. Antichrist ◈ gen. sg. -crȳsted

an-ðrǣce → on-ðrǣce

ān-weald → on-weald

apostol m. apostle ◈ gen. sg. apostolesdat. sg. apostoleacc. sg. apostolnom. pl. apostolīgen. pl. apostolaacc. pl. apostolas

apostolīc adj. apostolic ◈ dat. sg. -līcanacc. sg. -līce

æppel m. apple ◈ gen. sg. æplesacc. sg. æppel

æpplian (W.II) make into the form of apples, emboss ◈ perf. part. sg. æpplede

Apulder m. Appledore ◈ dat. sg. Apuldre

ār m. 1. honor, favor, mercy ◈ gen. sg. āre2. property, possessions ◈ acc. sg. āreGer Ehre

ār m. messenger ◈ gen. sg. āresGoth airus

ār f. oar ◈ gen. pl. āra

ǣr comp. adj. former, preceding ◈ acc. pl. ǣrransupl. nom. sg. ǣreste

ǣr 1. comp. adv. earlier, formerly, before ◈ comp. ǣrorsupl. ǣrest2. conj. ere, before that (usually followed by the opt) ○ 3. prep. (with dat.) before (time)

ā-rǣd adj. inexorable

ā-rǣdan (W.I) read

ā-rǣfnan (-refnan) (W.I) perform, endure ◈ imp. 2nd sg. āræfn (ārefna) ◈ pret. 1st sg. āræfnede

ā-ræfnian (W.II) endure ◈ 1st sg. āræfnie

ā-rǣman (W.I) arise ◈ pret. 3rd sg. āræmde

ā-rǣran (W.I) raise, erect, build ◈ pres. part. ārǣrende2nd sg. ārǣrstopt. 3rd sg. ārǣrepret. 3rd sg. ārǣrde3rd pl. -donrīsan

ærce-bisceop (arce-) m. archbishop ◈ dat. sg. -biscepe

ǣr-dæg m. former day

ā-reccean (W.I) expound, translate, recount ◈ inf. āreccan

ā-redian (W.II) arrange ◈ 3rd sg. āredað

ǣren adj. made of brass, brazen ◈ acc. sg. ǣrneacc. pl. ǣrenanār, Goth ais

ǣrende n. errand, message

ǣrend-fæst adj. bound on an errand

ǣrend-ge-writ n. message, letter ◈ acc. sg. ārend-

(Page 248)

ǣrend-raca (-wreca) m. messenger ◈ dat. sg. -racandat. pl. -wrecum

ār-fæst honorable, virtuous, merciful ◈ nom. sg. -fæsta

ār-fæastnis f. virtue ◈ dat. sg. -nisse

ār-hwæt adj. eager for glory ◈ nom. pl. -hwate

ārian (W.II) 1. honor, show favor ◈ 3rd sg. ārað2. desist, cease ◈ imp. 2nd sg. āra

ā-rīsan (pret. sg. -rās, pret. pl. -rison, perf. part. -risen) (1) arise ◈ 3rd sg. ārīseþimp. 2nd sg. ārīs2nd pl. ārīsaðopt. 2nd sg. ārīse2nd pl. ārīson

ǣrīst m. f. n. resurrection ◈ gen. sg. ǣrīstesacc. sg. ǣrīste

ār-lēas adj. dishonorable, wicked ◈ dat. sg. -lēasrenom. pl. -lēasan

arn → yrnan

ærnan (W.I) cause to run; ride, gallop ◈ 3rd pl. ærnaðpret. 3rd pl. ærndonyrnan

ǣrne-merigen m. early morning

ārodlīce adv. quickly, vigourously

ǣr-wacol adj. early awake

ār-wurð (-weorð) worthy of honor, venerable ◈ acc. sg. āwurðne

ār-wurðian (-weorðian) (W.II) honor ◈ pret. 3rd sg. ārwurðne

ār-wurðlīce adv. honorable, reverentially

ār-wurðnis f. reverence, honor ◈ dat. sg. -nysse

ǣs n. food, prey, carrion ◈ gen. sg. ǣsesGer Aas

ā-sāwan (R.) sow ◈ perf. part. āsāwen

æsc m. 1. ash, spear ◈ gen. pl. asca2. boat, ship (of Danish ships) ◈ acc. pl. æscas

asce (axe) f. ashes

ā-sceacan (pret. sg. -scōc (-scēoc), pret. pl. -scōcon (-scēocon), perf. part. -sceacen) (6) shake ◈ pres. part. āsceacende3rd sg. āscæceðpret. 3rd sg. āscēoc

æsc-here m. (ash-) spear-army, ship-army

æsc-holt n. spear-shaft

āscian → ācsian

ā-scīnan (pret. sg. -scān, pret. pl. -scinon, perf. part. -scinen) (1) shine

ā-scūfan (pret. sg. -scēaf, pret. pl. -scufon, perf. part. -scofen) (2) shove, push

ā-scȳran (W.I) make clear, transparent ◈ perf. part. āscȳredscīr

ā-secgan (W.III) say, relate ◈ pret. 3rd pl. āsǣdon

ā-sendan (W.I) send ◈ pret. 2nd sg. āsendest3rd sg. āsendeperf. part. āsend

ā-settan (W.I) set, place, transport oneself, go ◈ opt. 3rd sg. āsettepret. 3rd pl. āsettanperf. part. āsettsittan

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ā-singan (3) sing ◈ pret. 3rd sg. āsong

ā-sittan (pret. sg. -sæt, pret. pl. -sǣton, perf. part. -seten) (5) sit fast, ground (of ships)

ā-slēan (6) strike, cut off ◈ perf. part. āslagen

ā-smiþan (W.II) forge, work ◈ perf. part. āsmiþod

ā-spendan (W.I) spend, expend ◈ pret. 3rd sg. āspendeperf. part. āspended

ǣ-spring n. spring of water, fountain ◈ dat. sg. ǣspringe

ā-springan (3) spring up, spread ◈ pret. 3rd sg. āsprang3rd pl. āsprungen

ā-standan (6) stand ◈ 3rd pl. āstandaþ

æstel m. book-mark ◇ Lat hastula

ā-stellan (W.I) set up, restore, establish ◈ 3rd sg. āstelleðpret 3 asg āstealde

ā-sterian → ā-styrian

ā-stīgan (pret. sg. -stāg (-stāh), pret. pl. -stigon, perf. part. -stigen) (1) ascend, mount (trans. and intr.) spring up, enter or leave a ship, go ◈ 3rd sg. āstīhðimp. 2nd sg. āstīg2nd pl. āstīgaðpret. 3rd sg. āstāg (āstāh)

ā-stingan (3) pierce ◈ pret. 3rd pl. āstungon

ā-streccan (W.I) stretch, extend, prostrate ◈ opt. 3rd sg. āstreccepret. 3rd sg. āstrehteperf. part. āstreht

ā-styrian (-sterian) (W.I) stir, agitate, move (trans.)3rd sg. āstereðperf. part. pl. āsterede (āstyrode) (W.II)

ā-sundrian (W.II) separate (trans.)perf. part. asundradpl. asyndrode

a-sundron (-sundran) adv. asunder, apart, privately

ā-swebban (W.I) put to sleep, quiet ◈ perf. part. āswefedpl. -edeswefan

ā-syndrode → ā-sundrian

æt pret w dat 1. at, in (time, place, circumstance) ○ 2. of, from (w verbs of asking, receiving, taking, buying)

ǣt m. f. 1. anything to be eaten, food ◈ gen. sg. ǣtes2. the act of eating ◈ dat. sg. ǣteetan

æt-bregdan (pret. sg. -brægd (-brǣd), pret. pl. -brugdon (-brūdon), perf. part. -brogden (-broden)) (3) take away, deprive, release ◈ pret. 3rd sg. ætbrǣdperf. part. ætbrōdenpl. -brōdene

æt-ēawed → æt-ēowian

ā-tellan (W.I) tell, relate ◈ pret. 3rd pl. ātealdon

ā-tēon (pret. sg. -tēah, pret. pl. -tugon, perf. part. -togen) (2) draw ◈ 3rd sg. ātȳhðopt. 3rd sg. ātēopres. opt. 3rd sg. ātuge

ā-tēorian (W.II) become exhausted, fail ◈ perf. part. ātēorod

æt-ēowian (W.II) appear (intr.) show, manifest (trans.)ger. ætēowennepret. 1st sg. ætēowde3rd sg. ætēowodeperf. part. ætēawedpl. ætēowde (ætēowode) ◇ Goth at-augjan

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æt-foran prep. (with dat.) before

æt-gædere adv. together

æt-lūtian (W.II) lurk out of sight, hide ◈ pret. 3rd sg. -lūtodecf. Mod loiter

ā-tredan (5) tread ◈ pret. 3rd sg. ātræd

æt-somne adv. together

æt-standan (6) stand, remain ◈ pret. 3rd sg. ætstōd

āttor (ātor) n. poison ◈ inst. sg. ātreGer Eiter

āttor-bǣre adj. poisonous ◈ acc. sg. -bǣran

ǣttren (ǣtren) adj. poisonous ◈ nom. sg. ǣtterneacc. pl. ǣttrynne

æt-wītan () (pret. sg. -wāt, pret. pl. -witon, perf. part. -witen) (1) twit, reproach (with dat.)cf. ed-wīt

æt-ȳwan (-īwan) (W.I) (→ æt-ēowian), appear (intr.) show, manifest (trans.)3rd sg. ǣtȳweðimp. 2nd sg. ætȳwpret. 3rd sg. ætȳwde (ātīwde)

āð m. oath ◈ acc. pl. āðasGer Eid

æðel-boren ( perf. part. ) adj. of noble birth ◈ dat. sg. -borenre

æðel-borennis f. nobleness of birth ◈ acc. sg. -nysse

æðele adj. noble, excellent ◈ dat. sg. æðelumacc. sg. æðelanacc. pl. æðelesupl. nom. sg. æðelastGer edel

æðele adv. nobly

æðeling m. noble, prince ◈ gen. sg. æðelinges

æðellīce adv. nobly

æþelnes f. nobility

æþelo f. nobility

æðel-stenc m. excellent fragrance ◈ gen. pl. -stenca

æðel-tungol n. m. noble star ◈ gen. pl. -tungla

ā-þenian (W.II) stretch out ◈ pret. 3rd sg. āþendeGer dehnen

āðer → ǣg-hwæðer

ā-ðindan (pret. sg. -ðond, pret. pl. -ðundon, perf. part. -ðunden) (3) swell, puff up

ā-ðīstrian (W.II) become dark, obscured ◈ 3rd pl. āðīstriaðperf. part. pl. āðīstrodeðeostru

Aþulfing (= Æþelwulfing) m. son of Æthelwulf

ā-þwēan (6) wash ◈ pret. 3rd sg. āþwōh

ǣw → ǣ

ā-wæcnan awake (intr.)pret. 3rd sg. āwōc

ā-wǣgan (W.I) annul

ā-weccan (W.I) awake, arouse, incite ◈ opt. 3rd sg. āweccepret. 3rd sg. āweahtepret. opt. 3rd sg. āwehte3rd pl. āwehtonperf. part. āweaht (āwreht) ◈ pl. āwehte

ā-wēdan (W.I) rage ◈ pret. 3rd sg. āwēddewōd

a-weg → weg

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ā-wegan (5) carry

ā-wendan (W.I) turn, direct, change, translate ◈ pret. 1st sg. āwendeperf. part. āwend

ā-weorpan (-wurpan) (pret. sg. -wearp, pret. pl. -wurpon, perf. part. -worpen) (3) cast, overthrow, reject

ā-wēstan (W.I) lay waste, destroy ◈ perf. part. pl. āwēste

ǣw-fæst (ǣ-fæst) adj. law-observing, pious ◈ nom. sg. ǣwfasð (ǣfest) ◈ acc. pl. ǣfestesupl. nom. pl. ǣwfæstoste

ā-wiht pron. aught, anything

ǣwisc-mōd adj. ashamed, abashed ◈ nom. pl. -mōdeGoth aiwiski

ā-wōc → ā-wæcnan

ā-wreht → ā-weccan

ā-wrītan (pret. sg. -wrāt, pret. pl. -writon, perf. part. -writen) (1) write, compose ◈ 1st sg. āwrīteperf. part. pl. āwritene

ā-wunian (W.II) abide, continue

ā-wyrdan (W.I) destroy ◈ opt. 3rd sg. āwyrde

ā-wyrgan (W.I) curse ◈ perf. part. pl. āwyrigedanwearg

āxian → āscian

ā-ȳdlian (W.II) annul ◈ perf. part. pl. āȳdlodeīdel

B

bæc n. back ; acc. sg. under bæc backwards ; ofer bæc backwards

bæc-bord n. left side of a ship, larboard ◇ Ger Backbord, Fr babord

bǣl n. fire, funeral pyre ◈ gen. sg. bǣlesinst. sg. bǣleacc. sg. bǣlON bāl

bǣl-fȳr n. bale-fire, funeral or sacrificial fire

bǣl-þracu f. violence of fire ◈ dat. sg. -þræce

bām → bēgen

bān n. bone ◈ dat. sg. bāneacc. sg. bānnom. pl. bān

bana m. murderer ◈ dat. sg. bananMod bane

bān-fæt n. (bone-vessel) body ◈ acc. pl. -fatu

bǣr f. bier ◈ acc. sg. bǣreberan

Bardan-īg f. Bardney (Lincolnshire)

bærnan (W.I) burn (trans.)

Basingas m. pl. Basing (Hants) ◈ dat. pl. -engum

basu adj. purple (crimson)

bǣtan (W.I) bridle

bæð n. bath, font

baþian (W.II) bathe

be (, big) prep w dat inst; adv 1. (nearness) by, near, along, on ; be ēasten (with dat.) east of ; be westan (with dat.) west of ; be norþan (with dat.) north of ○ 2. (metaph. proximity) by, with, according to, concerning ; bī wrīte copy ; be þām by that ; by þȳ by that ; be fullan fully, perfectly ; be ðām concerning this ; bī ðȳs ilcan

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bēacen n. beacon (the sun) ◈ gen. sg. bēacnes