Core file encoded manually in XML by a group of volunteers.
Sean Crist tried performing OCR on the glossary, but the results were so degraded that he considered them to be unusable. OCR did not seem to be an option at that time, so Sean decided to recruit volunteers to type the text. He wrote to the ANSAX-L mailing list and then snail mailed xeroxed pages to the volunteers. Then he regularized the character encoding and reassambled the submissions into a single online document. This strategy worked splendidly. A hearty thanks to these volunteers for making this reference available to all!
The original text distinguished e-with-hook from plain e, and o-with-hook from plain o. Volunteers were told to ignore this etymological distinction and just type e and o. Likewise, the original glossary contained page references back to the main text; since it would be a lot of work to work to key, volunteers were told to skip the page numbers.
After reassembling the typed text, Sean wrote a Perl script to parse the glossary and output an XML version to show the structure of the document.
Minor validation has been done on some of the fields. It would still be good to spell check the definition fields with a modern English spell checker, check the Old English forms against a corpus of Old English, etc. None of these steps have been taken yet; it is therefore nearly certain that there are undetected errors in this glossary.
(Source: <http://www.ling.upenn.edu/~kurisuto/germanic/oe_bright_about.html>)
Didier Willis converted the original XML to TEI P4:
- Edition 0.1a: First automated conversion using XSLT style-sheets.
- Edition 0.2a: Several minor typographic changes to the original XML (checked vs. the scanned text in case of doubt).
- Edition 0.3a: Expanded parts of speech (partial); Pages 241-244, 260 and 380 checked and corrected vs. the scanned text.
- Edition 0.3b: Expanded parts of speech (continue); Pages 245-246, 271-275 checked and corrected vs. the scanned text, minor corrections elsewhere.
XHTML version automatically generated from the XML (TEI) source using XSLT.
XSL-FO version automatically generated from the XHTML version using XSLT.
PDF version automatically generated from the XSL-FO version using PassiveTeX.
Status: low.
This version has not been checked vs. the original text for all pages.
XML file validated with Richard Tobin's RXP software, for conformance to a subset of the TEI P4 DTD.
XHTML version validated with Richard Tobin's RXP software, for compliance with XHTML 1.0 Transitional.
The XSL-FO version is not validated.
(Page 241)
ā (ō, oo) adv. aye, ever, always
ǣ (ǣw) f. law ◈ dat. sg. ǣ ◇ Ger Ehe
abbod m. abbot ◈ gen. sg. abbodes ◇ Lat abbātem
abbudisse f. abbess ◈ gen. sg. abbudissan ◇ Lat abbētissa
ā-bēodan (pret. sg. -bēad, pret. pl. -budon, perf. part. -boden) (2) enjoin, announce
ā-beran (pret. sg. -bær, pret. pl. -bǣron, perf. part. -boren) (4) bear, endure
ā-bīdan (pret. sg. -bād, pret. pl. -bidon, perf. part. -biden) (1) abide, remain
ā-bisgian (-bysgian) (W.II) engage, occupy ◈ perf. part. ābisgod (-ad) ◇ bysig
ā-bisgung f. occupation
āblendan (W.I) make blind, darken ◈ perf. part. āblend ◈ pl. āblende ◇ Ger blenden
ā-blinnan (pret. sg. -blann, pret. pl. -blunnon, perf. part. -blunnen) (3) cease ◈ 3rd sg. ablinð ◇ <be-linnan cf. līðe
ā-brecan (pret. sg. -bræc, pret. pl. -brǣcon, perf. part. -brocen) (4) break down, destroy
ā-bregdan (pret. sg. -brægd, pret. pl. -brugdon, perf. part. -brogden) (3) 1. (intr.) smite ○ 2. (trans.) withdraw ◈ imp. 2nd sg. ābregd
ā-brēoðan (pret. sg. -brēað, pret. pl. -bruðon, perf. part. -broðen) (2) 1. (trans.) frustrate, ruin ○ 2. (intr.) fail, perish ◈ opt. 3rd sg. ābrēoðe
ā-bȳwan (W.I) prepare, equip, adorn ◈ perf. part. pl. ābȳwde ◇ būan
ac (ah) conj. but
ā-cennan (W.I) beget, bring forth ◈ perf. part. ācenned ◈ sg. ācendan ◈ pl. ācende
Achāia f. Achaia
ā-cōlian (W.II) become cool ◈ perf. part. ācōlad
(Page 242)
ācsian (āhsian, āxian, āscian) (W.II) ask ◈ 1st sg. ācsige ◈ 2nd sg. āhsast ◈ 3rd sg. āscað ◈ 1st pl. ācsiað (āhsiað) ◈ pret. 3rd sg. āxode (āhsode) ◈ 3rd pl. āxodon (ācsedon)
ā-cweccan (W.I) shake (trans. and intr.) ◈ pret. 3rd sg. ācwehte
ā-cwelan (pret. sg. -cwæl, pret. pl. -cwǣlon, perf. part. -cwolen) (4) die ◈ pret. opt. 3rd sg. ācwǣle
ā-cwellan (W.I) kill ◈ imp. 2nd sg. ācwel ◈ 2nd pl. ācwellað ◈ pret. 3rd sg. ācwælde ◈ perf. part. ācweald ◇ cwelan
ā-cweðan (pret. sg. -cwæð, pret. pl. -cwǣdon, perf. part. -cweden) (5) speak ◈ 3rd sg. ācwið
ā-cȳþan (W.I) reveal, proclaim ◇ cūð
ād m. fire, funeral pile ◈ dat. sg. āde ◈ acc. sg. ād ◈ inst. sg. āde ◇ OHG eit, Gr αἶθοσ
ād-lēg m. flame of the pyre
ā-dīlegian (-dȳlegian) (W.II) blot out, obliterate ◈ pret. 3rd sg. ādīlegode ◈ perf. part. pl. -dȳlegode ◇ Ger tilgen
ādl f. (n.) disease ◈ gen. sg. ādle ◈ acc. pl. ādla
ādlig adj. diseased, sick ◈ n. ādliga
ā-drǣfan (W.I) drive away, expel ◈ pret. 3rd sg. ādrǣfde ◈ 3rd pl. -don
ǣdre adv. forthwith, quickly
ā-drēogan (pret. sg. -drēah, pret. pl. -drugon, perf. part. -drogen) (2) endure, experience, practice
ā-drīfan (pret. sg. -drāf, pret. pl. -drifon, perf. part. -drifen) (1) drive away ◈ 3rd sg. ādrīfð ◈ perf. part. pl. ādrifene
ā-dwǣscan (W.I) quench, extinguish ◈ pret. 3rd sg. ādwǣscte
ā-dȳdan (W.I) put to death ◈ pret. 3rd sg. ādȳdde ◇ dēad
ā-dȳlegian → ā-dīlegian
ā-ebbian (W.II) ebb away, recede ◈ perf. part. āhebbad
ā-fandian (W.II) make trial of, experience ◈ perf. part. sg. āfandode
ā-faran (pret. sg. -fōr, pret. pl. -fōron, perf. part. -faren) (6) go, march
ā-fǣran (W.I) make afraid, terrify ◈ perf. part. āfǣred
ǣ-fæstnes f. piety ◈ dat. sg. ǣfestnisse
ā-feallan (pret. sg. -fēoll, pret. pl. -fēollon, perf. part. -feallen) (R.) fall ◈ pres. part. āfeallende ◈ 3rd sg. āfielð ◈ opt. 3rd sg. āfealle
ā-fēdan (W.I) feed, sustain ◈ 3rd sg. āfēdeð ◈ pret. 3rd sg. āfēdde
ǣfen n. evening ◈ dat. sg. ǣfenne
ǣfen-giefl n. evening repast, supper
æfest (æfst) f. n. disfavor, envy, malice ◇ æf-ēst, OHG abunst
ǣ-fest → ǣw-fæst
ǣ-festnes → ǣ-fæstnes
(Page 243)
ā-flēon (pret. sg. -flēah, pret. pl. -flugon, perf. part. -flogen) (2) 1. (intr.) fly ○ 2. (trans.) fly from ◈ 3rd sg. āflȳhð
ā-flīgan (W.I) put to flight ◈ pret. 2nd pl. āflīgdon ◈ perf. part. pl. āflīgde ◇ flēon
ā-flȳman (W.I) cause to flee, drive out ◈ pret. 3rd sg. āflȳmde ◇ flēam
ā-forhtian (W.II) frighten ◈ perf. part. pl. āforhtode
ǣfre adv. ever
æftan adv. from behind, behind
æfter prep. (with dat.) 1. after (time and place) ; æfter ðissum after this (adv.) ; æfter ðæm thereafter (adv.) ○ 2. along (place) ○ 3. according to ○ 4. adv afterwards
æfter-fyligan (W.III) follow after ◈ pres. part. pl. -fyligende (with dat.) ◈ dat. sg. -fylgende successor ◈ opt. 3rd sg. -fylige (intr.)
æfter-genga m. successor ◈ nom. pl. -gengan
ā-fyllan (W.I) fill ◈ perf. part. āfylled ◇ full
ā-fyllan (W.I) cause to fall, destroy ◇ feallan
ā-fyrhtan (W.I) frighten ◈ perf. part. ( adj. ) pl. āfyrhte
ā-fyrran (W.I) remove, take away ◈ 3rd sg. āfyrð (āfyrreþ) ◈ opt. 3rd sg. āfyrre ◈ perf. part. āfyrred ◇ feorr
ā-fȳsan (W.I) 1. (intr.) hasten forth ○ 2. (trans.) incite to go ◈ perf. part. āfȳsed ◇ fūs
ǣg n. egg ◈ dat. sg. ǣge
āgan (PP.) possess ◈ ger. āgenne ◈ 1st sg. āh ◈ opt. 3rd sg. āge ◈ pret. 3rd sg. āhte ◇ Mod own
ā-gān (pret. sg. -ēode, perf. part. -gān) go ◈ perf. part. pl. āgāne
agēn → ongēan
āgen ( perf. part. ) adj. own ◈ dat. sg. āgnum ◈ acc. sg. āgen (āgenne) ◈ gen. pl. āgenra ◇ āgan
ā-gēotan (pret. sg. -gēat, pret. pl. -guton, perf. part. -goten) (2) pour, shed ◈ pres. part. āgēotende ◇ Ger giessen
ā-gētan (W.I) injure, kill ◈ perf. part. āgēted
ā-gifan (-giefan, -gyfan) (pret. sg. -geaf, pret. pl. -gēafon, perf. part. -gifen) (5) give, relinquish, return ◈ pret. 3rd sg. āgef ◈ pret. opt. 3rd pl. āgēafen
ǣg-hwā pron. each, every ◈ gen. sg. ǣghwǣs adv, in every respect, entirely
ǣg-hwǣr adv. everywhere
ǣg-hwæðer (ǣgðer, āðer) 1. pron, each (one of two or more) ◈ nom. sg. ǣgðer ◈ gen. sg. ǣgðres ◈ dat. sg. ǣgðrum ◈ acc. sg. ǣgþerne ○ 2. conj. ; ǣg-hwæþer ge ... ge both ... and ; ǣgðer ge ... ge both ... and ; āðer oððe ... oððe either ... or
(Page 244)
ǣg-hwilc pron. each
ǣg-hwonan adv. from all sides, on all sides
āglǣca (ǣglǣca) m. monster, fiend ◈ nom. pl. āglǣcan ◇ Goth aglaiti
āgnian (W.II) possess, assume as one's own ◈ 3rd pl. āgniað ◇ āgen
ǣgðer → ǣg-hwæðer
ā-gyldan (-gieldan) (pret. sg. -geald, pret. pl. -guldon, perf. part. -golden) (3) 1. repay, requite ○ 2. punish
ā-gyltan (W.I) offend, sin ◈ opt. 3rd pl. āgylten ◈ pret. 1st pl. āgylton ◈ perf. part. āgylt
ah (ac) conj. but
ā-hebbad → ā-ebbian
ā-hebban (pret. sg. -hōf, pret. pl. -hōfon, perf. part. -hafen) (6) heave, life, raise, exalt ◈ 2nd pl. āhebbe ◈ imp. 2nd pl. āhebbað ◈ opt. 3rd pl. āhebban
ā-hōn (pret. sg. -hēng, pret. pl. -hēngon, perf. part. -hangen) (R.) hang (trans.) ◈ imp. 2nd sg. āhōh ◈ pret. 2nd sg. āhēnge
ā-hreddan (W.I) save, deliver, rescue ◈ ger. āhredenne ◈ 1st sg. āhredde ◈ opt. 3rd sg. āhredde ◈ pret. 3rd sg. āhredde ◈ 3rd pl. -don
ā-hrēosan (pret. sg. -hrēas, pret. pl. -hruron, perf. part. -hroren) (2) fall ◈ opt. 3rd sg. āhrēose
āhsian → ācsian
ǣht f. possession, property ◈ acc. pl. ǣhta ◇ āgan
ǣht-ge-strēon n. possession, riches
ā-hȳdan (W.I) hide ◈ perf. part. āhȳded
ā-īdligan (W.I) profane ◇ īdel
ā-lǣdan (W.I) 1. (trans.) lead, conduct ◈ 3rd sg. ālǣdeð (ālæt) ◈ imp. 2nd sg. ālǣd ◈ perf. part. ālǣdd ◈ nom. pl. ālǣdde ○ 2. (intr.) proceed, grow ◈ pret. opt. 3rd sg. ālǣde
ǣlan WI trans and intrans kindle, burn ◈ 3rd sg. ǣleð ◈ perf. part. ǣled
ǣlc pron subst and adj each, any ◈ gen. sg. ǣlces ◈ dat. sg. ǣlcum (ǣlcon, ǣlcere) ◈ acc. sg. ǣlc ◈ inst. sg. ǣlce
ælde (ielde, ylde) m. pl. men ◈ gen. pl. ælda ◇ eald
aldor → ealdor
aldor-monn (ealdor-) m. chief, magistrate ◈ gen. sg. -monnes ◈ nom. pl. -men
ā-lecgan (W.I) lay down, allay, overcome, refute ◈ 3rd pl. ālecgað ◈ pret. 3rd sg. ālēde ◈ 3rd pl. ālēdon ◈ perf. part. ālēd ◇ licgan
(Page 245)
ǣled m. fire
ā-lēfan → ā-lȳfan
ā-lēogan (pret. sg. -lēah, pret. pl. -lugon, perf. part. -logen) (2) lie, deny (with dat. of pers. and acc. of thing) ◈ 3rd sg. ālīhð
æl-fremed → el-fremed
æl-gylden adj. of pure gold ◈ acc. pl. -gyldene
all → eall
ælmes-georn adj. liberal of alms, charitable ◈ nom. pl. -georne
ælmesse f. alms ◈ dat. sg. almyssan ◈ acc. sg. ælmessan ◇ (Gr) Lat eleēmosyna
æl-mihtig adj. almighty ◈ ns(?) ælmehtiga ◈ gen. sg. ælmehtigan ◈ dat. sg. ælmihtegum
æl-þēodig → el-þēodig
æl-þēodisc → el-þēodisc
ā-lybban (W.III) live
ālȳfan (-lēfan) (W.I) allow, permit, grant (with dat. of pers. and acc. of thing) ◈ perf. part. ālȳfed (ālēfed)
ā-lȳsan (W.I) loosen, release, ransom ◈ pret. 3rd sg. ālȳsde (ālēsde) ◈ perf. part. pl. ālȳsede
amang → on-ge-mong
ambor m. measure ◈ gen. pl. ambra ◇ Ger Eimer
ambyre adj. favorable ◈ acc. sg. ambyrne ◇ <and-byre
ā-merian (W.I) free from dross, purify, refine ◈ perf. part. pl. āmerede
ā-metan (5) measure, estimate
ā-myrran (W.I) mar, destroy, hinder ◈ pret. 3rd sg. āmyrde
an → unnan
ān num. adj. 1. (indef art), one, certain one ◈ nom. sg. ān ◈ dat. sg. ānum (ānre) ◈ acc. sg. ǣnne (ānne, ān) ◈ gen. pl. ānra ; on ān right on, continuously ; ānra gehwæs of each one ○ 2. alone ◈ nom. sg. āna ◈ acc. sg. ānne ◈ acc. pl. āna (ān) ; þæt ān only that
an-be-stingan (3) thrust in, insert ◈ perf. part. pl. -stungnan
an-bīdan → on-bīdan
and (ond) conj. and
anda m. zeal, indignation, malice, injury ◈ dat. sg. andan ◇ Ger ahnden
and-bidian (W.II) wait ◈ pret. opt. 1st sg. -bidode
an-dēfn f. fitting amount, proportion ◈ dat. sg. andēfne ◇ dafenian
andetnis f. confession ◈ acc. sg. -nysse
andettan (ondettan) (W.I) confess, acknowledge ◈ pres. part. ondettende ◈ 1st sg. andette (ondette) ◈ imp. 2nd pl. andettað ◇ and-hātan
and-fenge adj. acceptable ◇ fōn
and-giet (-git) n. intelligence, reason, sense, meaning ◈ gen. sg. andgites ◈ dat. sg. andgiete ◈ acc. sg. andgit (ondgit)
(Page 246)
and-gitfull adj. intelligent
and-gitfullīce adv. intelligibly ◈ supl. -gitfullīcost
and-lang adj. continuous, entire ◈ acc. sg. -langne
and-leofen (-lifen) f. living, food, sustenance ◈ dat. sg. -leofne
an-drǣden → on-drǣden
Andred m. the 'Weald' (the great forest in Kent and Sussex)
and-swarian → ond-swarian
and-swaru (ond-) f. answer ◈ acc. sg. -sware
and-weard adj. present ◈ gen. sg. andweardan ◈ dat. sg. -werdan ◈ dat. pl. -werdum (ondweardum)
and-wlita m. countenance, appearance ◈ gen. sg. -wlitan ◇ wlītan; Ger Antlitz
and-wyrdan (W.I) answer ◈ pret. 1st sg. andwyrde
ān-faldnes (-fealdnes) adj. unity, simplicity ◈ gen. sg. -nesse
ān-feald adj. one-fold, single, unmixed, superior ◈ dat. sg. ānfealdan
ān-fealdlīce adv. in the singular number
ān-for-lǣtan (pret. sg. -lēt, pret. pl. -lēton, perf. part. -lǣten) (R.) leave, abandon ◈ 1st pl. -aþ ◈ pret. opt. 3rd sg. ānforlēte
Angel n. Anglen (Denmark) ◈ dat. sg. Angle
Angel-cynne (Ongel-) n. Angle kin, English people, England ◈ dat. sg. -cynne ◈ acc. sg. -cynn (-cyn, Ongelcyn)
an-ge-weald (=an-weald) power, dominion
an-ginn → on-ginn
Angle m. pl. the Angles, Anglicans, English
an-grīslīc adj. grisly, hideous, horrible
ān-grȳsenlīce (-grīsenlīce) adv. hideously
ān-haga (-hoga) m. solitary, recluse, wanderer ◈ acc. sg. ānhagan
anhangen → on-hōn
ānig adj. only ◈ nom. sg. ānga
ǣnig pron. adj. any ◈ dat. sg. ǣnegum ◈ acc. sg. ǣnig (ǣnigne)
an-līc → on-līc
ǣn-līc adj. unique, peerless, excellent
ān-līcnes → on-līcnes
ān-līpig (ǣn-līpig, ān-lēpe) adj. single, individual ◈ acc. sg. ān-lēpne ◈ nom. pl. ǣnlīpige
ān-mēdla (on-) m. arrogance ◈ nom. pl. -mēdlan ◇ mōd
ān-mōdlīce adv. unanimously
ān-mōdnes f. unanimity ◈ acc. sg. -nesse
ān-nis f. unity ◈ acc. sg. -nysse
ān-rǣd (on-) adj. resolute
(Page 247)
ān-rǣdnis f. constancy ◈ dat. sg. -nysse
an-settan (W.I) put upon, impose
ān-streces (gen) adv continuously
an-sund → on-sund
an-sundnis → on-sundnis
an-sȳn → on-sīen
Ante-crȳst m. Antichrist ◈ gen. sg. -crȳsted
an-ðrǣce → on-ðrǣce
ān-weald → on-weald
apostol m. apostle ◈ gen. sg. apostoles ◈ dat. sg. apostole ◈ acc. sg. apostol ◈ nom. pl. apostolī ◈ gen. pl. apostola ◈ acc. pl. apostolas
apostolīc adj. apostolic ◈ dat. sg. -līcan ◈ acc. sg. -līce
æppel m. apple ◈ gen. sg. æples ◈ acc. sg. æppel
æpplian (W.II) make into the form of apples, emboss ◈ perf. part. sg. æpplede
Apulder m. Appledore ◈ dat. sg. Apuldre
ār m. 1. honor, favor, mercy ◈ gen. sg. āre ○ 2. property, possessions ◈ acc. sg. āre ◇ Ger Ehre
ār m. messenger ◈ gen. sg. āres ◇ Goth airus
ār f. oar ◈ gen. pl. āra
ǣr comp. adj. former, preceding ◈ acc. pl. ǣrran ◈ supl. nom. sg. ǣreste
ǣr 1. comp. adv. earlier, formerly, before ◈ comp. ǣror ◈ supl. ǣrest ○ 2. conj. ere, before that (usually followed by the opt) ○ 3. prep. (with dat.) before (time)
ā-rǣd adj. inexorable
ā-rǣdan (W.I) read
ā-rǣfnan (-refnan) (W.I) perform, endure ◈ imp. 2nd sg. āræfn (ārefna) ◈ pret. 1st sg. āræfnede
ā-ræfnian (W.II) endure ◈ 1st sg. āræfnie
ā-rǣman (W.I) arise ◈ pret. 3rd sg. āræmde
ā-rǣran (W.I) raise, erect, build ◈ pres. part. ārǣrende ◈ 2nd sg. ārǣrst ◈ opt. 3rd sg. ārǣre ◈ pret. 3rd sg. ārǣrde ◈ 3rd pl. -don ◇ rīsan
ærce-bisceop (arce-) m. archbishop ◈ dat. sg. -biscepe
ǣr-dæg m. former day
ā-reccean (W.I) expound, translate, recount ◈ inf. āreccan
ā-redian (W.II) arrange ◈ 3rd sg. āredað
ǣren adj. made of brass, brazen ◈ acc. sg. ǣrne ◈ acc. pl. ǣrenan ◇ ār, Goth ais
ǣrende n. errand, message
ǣrend-fæst adj. bound on an errand
ǣrend-ge-writ n. message, letter ◈ acc. sg. ārend-
(Page 248)
ǣrend-raca (-wreca) m. messenger ◈ dat. sg. -racan ◈ dat. pl. -wrecum
ār-fæst honorable, virtuous, merciful ◈ nom. sg. -fæsta
ār-fæastnis f. virtue ◈ dat. sg. -nisse
ār-hwæt adj. eager for glory ◈ nom. pl. -hwate
ārian (W.II) 1. honor, show favor ◈ 3rd sg. ārað ○ 2. desist, cease ◈ imp. 2nd sg. āra
ā-rīsan (pret. sg. -rās, pret. pl. -rison, perf. part. -risen) (1) arise ◈ 3rd sg. ārīseþ ◈ imp. 2nd sg. ārīs ◈ 2nd pl. ārīsað ◈ opt. 2nd sg. ārīse ◈ 2nd pl. ārīson
ǣrīst m. f. n. resurrection ◈ gen. sg. ǣrīstes ◈ acc. sg. ǣrīste
ār-lēas adj. dishonorable, wicked ◈ dat. sg. -lēasre ◈ nom. pl. -lēasan
arn → yrnan
ærnan (W.I) cause to run; ride, gallop ◈ 3rd pl. ærnað ◈ pret. 3rd pl. ærndon ◇ yrnan
ǣrne-merigen m. early morning
ārodlīce adv. quickly, vigourously
ǣr-wacol adj. early awake
ār-wurð (-weorð) worthy of honor, venerable ◈ acc. sg. āwurðne
ār-wurðian (-weorðian) (W.II) honor ◈ pret. 3rd sg. ārwurðne
ār-wurðlīce adv. honorable, reverentially
ār-wurðnis f. reverence, honor ◈ dat. sg. -nysse
ǣs n. food, prey, carrion ◈ gen. sg. ǣses ◇ Ger Aas
ā-sāwan (R.) sow ◈ perf. part. āsāwen
æsc m. 1. ash, spear ◈ gen. pl. asca ○ 2. boat, ship (of Danish ships) ◈ acc. pl. æscas
asce (axe) f. ashes
ā-sceacan (pret. sg. -scōc (-scēoc), pret. pl. -scōcon (-scēocon), perf. part. -sceacen) (6) shake ◈ pres. part. āsceacende ◈ 3rd sg. āscæceð ◈ pret. 3rd sg. āscēoc
æsc-here m. (ash-) spear-army, ship-army
æsc-holt n. spear-shaft
āscian → ācsian
ā-scīnan (pret. sg. -scān, pret. pl. -scinon, perf. part. -scinen) (1) shine
ā-scūfan (pret. sg. -scēaf, pret. pl. -scufon, perf. part. -scofen) (2) shove, push
ā-scȳran (W.I) make clear, transparent ◈ perf. part. āscȳred ◇ scīr
ā-secgan (W.III) say, relate ◈ pret. 3rd pl. āsǣdon
ā-sendan (W.I) send ◈ pret. 2nd sg. āsendest ◈ 3rd sg. āsende ◈ perf. part. āsend
ā-settan (W.I) set, place, transport oneself, go ◈ opt. 3rd sg. āsette ◈ pret. 3rd pl. āsettan ◈ perf. part. āsett ◇ sittan
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ā-singan (3) sing ◈ pret. 3rd sg. āsong
ā-sittan (pret. sg. -sæt, pret. pl. -sǣton, perf. part. -seten) (5) sit fast, ground (of ships)
ā-slēan (6) strike, cut off ◈ perf. part. āslagen
ā-smiþan (W.II) forge, work ◈ perf. part. āsmiþod
ā-spendan (W.I) spend, expend ◈ pret. 3rd sg. āspende ◈ perf. part. āspended
ǣ-spring n. spring of water, fountain ◈ dat. sg. ǣspringe
ā-springan (3) spring up, spread ◈ pret. 3rd sg. āsprang ◈ 3rd pl. āsprungen
ā-standan (6) stand ◈ 3rd pl. āstandaþ
æstel m. book-mark ◇ Lat hastula
ā-stellan (W.I) set up, restore, establish ◈ 3rd sg. āstelleð ◈ pret 3 asg āstealde
ā-sterian → ā-styrian
ā-stīgan (pret. sg. -stāg (-stāh), pret. pl. -stigon, perf. part. -stigen) (1) ascend, mount (trans. and intr.) spring up, enter or leave a ship, go ◈ 3rd sg. āstīhð ◈ imp. 2nd sg. āstīg ◈ 2nd pl. āstīgað ◈ pret. 3rd sg. āstāg (āstāh)
ā-stingan (3) pierce ◈ pret. 3rd pl. āstungon
ā-streccan (W.I) stretch, extend, prostrate ◈ opt. 3rd sg. āstrecce ◈ pret. 3rd sg. āstrehte ◈ perf. part. āstreht
ā-styrian (-sterian) (W.I) stir, agitate, move (trans.) ◈ 3rd sg. āstereð ◈ perf. part. pl. āsterede (āstyrode) (W.II)
ā-sundrian (W.II) separate (trans.) ◈ perf. part. asundrad ◈ pl. asyndrode
a-sundron (-sundran) adv. asunder, apart, privately
ā-swebban (W.I) put to sleep, quiet ◈ perf. part. āswefed ◈ pl. -ede ◇ swefan
ā-syndrode → ā-sundrian
æt pret w dat 1. at, in (time, place, circumstance) ○ 2. of, from (w verbs of asking, receiving, taking, buying)
ǣt m. f. 1. anything to be eaten, food ◈ gen. sg. ǣtes ○ 2. the act of eating ◈ dat. sg. ǣte ◇ etan
æt-bregdan (pret. sg. -brægd (-brǣd), pret. pl. -brugdon (-brūdon), perf. part. -brogden (-broden)) (3) take away, deprive, release ◈ pret. 3rd sg. ætbrǣd ◈ perf. part. ætbrōden ◈ pl. -brōdene
æt-ēawed → æt-ēowian
ā-tellan (W.I) tell, relate ◈ pret. 3rd pl. ātealdon
ā-tēon (pret. sg. -tēah, pret. pl. -tugon, perf. part. -togen) (2) draw ◈ 3rd sg. ātȳhð ◈ opt. 3rd sg. ātēo ◈ pres. opt. 3rd sg. ātuge
ā-tēorian (W.II) become exhausted, fail ◈ perf. part. ātēorod
æt-ēowian (W.II) appear (intr.) show, manifest (trans.) ◈ ger. ætēowenne ◈ pret. 1st sg. ætēowde ◈ 3rd sg. ætēowode ◈ perf. part. ætēawed ◈ pl. ætēowde (ætēowode) ◇ Goth at-augjan
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æt-foran prep. (with dat.) before
æt-gædere adv. together
æt-lūtian (W.II) lurk out of sight, hide ◈ pret. 3rd sg. -lūtode ◇ cf. Mod loiter
ā-tredan (5) tread ◈ pret. 3rd sg. ātræd
æt-somne adv. together
æt-standan (6) stand, remain ◈ pret. 3rd sg. ætstōd
āttor (ātor) n. poison ◈ inst. sg. ātre ◇ Ger Eiter
āttor-bǣre adj. poisonous ◈ acc. sg. -bǣran
ǣttren (ǣtren) adj. poisonous ◈ nom. sg. ǣtterne ◈ acc. pl. ǣttrynne
æt-wītan (oð) (pret. sg. -wāt, pret. pl. -witon, perf. part. -witen) (1) twit, reproach (with dat.) ◇ cf. ed-wīt
æt-ȳwan (-īwan) (W.I) (→ æt-ēowian), appear (intr.) show, manifest (trans.) ◈ 3rd sg. ǣtȳweð ◈ imp. 2nd sg. ætȳw ◈ pret. 3rd sg. ætȳwde (ātīwde)
āð m. oath ◈ acc. pl. āðas ◇ Ger Eid
æðel-boren ( perf. part. ) adj. of noble birth ◈ dat. sg. -borenre
æðel-borennis f. nobleness of birth ◈ acc. sg. -nysse
æðele adj. noble, excellent ◈ dat. sg. æðelum ◈ acc. sg. æðelan ◈ acc. pl. æðele ◈ supl. nom. sg. æðelast ◇ Ger edel
æðele adv. nobly
æðeling m. noble, prince ◈ gen. sg. æðelinges
æðellīce adv. nobly
æþelnes f. nobility
æþelo f. nobility
æðel-stenc m. excellent fragrance ◈ gen. pl. -stenca
æðel-tungol n. m. noble star ◈ gen. pl. -tungla
ā-þenian (W.II) stretch out ◈ pret. 3rd sg. āþende ◇ Ger dehnen
āðer → ǣg-hwæðer
ā-ðindan (pret. sg. -ðond, pret. pl. -ðundon, perf. part. -ðunden) (3) swell, puff up
ā-ðīstrian (W.II) become dark, obscured ◈ 3rd pl. āðīstriað ◈ perf. part. pl. āðīstrode ◇ ðeostru
Aþulfing (= Æþelwulfing) m. son of Æthelwulf
ā-þwēan (6) wash ◈ pret. 3rd sg. āþwōh
ǣw → ǣ
ā-wæcnan awake (intr.) ◈ pret. 3rd sg. āwōc
ā-wǣgan (W.I) annul
ā-weccan (W.I) awake, arouse, incite ◈ opt. 3rd sg. āwecce ◈ pret. 3rd sg. āweahte ◈ pret. opt. 3rd sg. āwehte ◈ 3rd pl. āwehton ◈ perf. part. āweaht (āwreht) ◈ pl. āwehte
ā-wēdan (W.I) rage ◈ pret. 3rd sg. āwēdde ◇ wōd
a-weg → weg
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ā-wegan (5) carry
ā-wendan (W.I) turn, direct, change, translate ◈ pret. 1st sg. āwende ◈ perf. part. āwend
ā-weorpan (-wurpan) (pret. sg. -wearp, pret. pl. -wurpon, perf. part. -worpen) (3) cast, overthrow, reject
ā-wēstan (W.I) lay waste, destroy ◈ perf. part. pl. āwēste
ǣw-fæst (ǣ-fæst) adj. law-observing, pious ◈ nom. sg. ǣwfasð (ǣfest) ◈ acc. pl. ǣfeste ◈ supl. nom. pl. ǣwfæstoste
ā-wiht pron. aught, anything
ǣwisc-mōd adj. ashamed, abashed ◈ nom. pl. -mōde ◇ Goth aiwiski
ā-wōc → ā-wæcnan
ā-wreht → ā-weccan
ā-wrītan (pret. sg. -wrāt, pret. pl. -writon, perf. part. -writen) (1) write, compose ◈ 1st sg. āwrīte ◈ perf. part. pl. āwritene
ā-wunian (W.II) abide, continue
ā-wyrdan (W.I) destroy ◈ opt. 3rd sg. āwyrde
ā-wyrgan (W.I) curse ◈ perf. part. pl. āwyrigedan ◇ wearg
āxian → āscian
ā-ȳdlian (W.II) annul ◈ perf. part. pl. āȳdlode ◇ īdel
bæc n. back ; acc. sg. under bæc backwards ; ofer bæc backwards
bæc-bord n. left side of a ship, larboard ◇ Ger Backbord, Fr babord
bǣl n. fire, funeral pyre ◈ gen. sg. bǣles ◈ inst. sg. bǣle ◈ acc. sg. bǣl ◇ ON bāl
bǣl-fȳr n. bale-fire, funeral or sacrificial fire
bǣl-þracu f. violence of fire ◈ dat. sg. -þræce
bām → bēgen
bān n. bone ◈ dat. sg. bāne ◈ acc. sg. bān ◈ nom. pl. bān
bana m. murderer ◈ dat. sg. banan ◇ Mod bane
bān-fæt n. (bone-vessel) body ◈ acc. pl. -fatu
bǣr f. bier ◈ acc. sg. bǣre ◇ beran
Bardan-īg f. Bardney (Lincolnshire)
bærnan (W.I) burn (trans.)
Basingas m. pl. Basing (Hants) ◈ dat. pl. -engum
basu adj. purple (crimson)
bǣtan (W.I) bridle
bæð n. bath, font
baþian (W.II) bathe
be (bī, big) prep w dat inst; adv 1. (nearness) by, near, along, on ; be ēasten (with dat.) east of ; be westan (with dat.) west of ; be norþan (with dat.) north of ○ 2. (metaph. proximity) by, with, according to, concerning ; bī wrīte copy ; be þām by that ; by þȳ by that ; be fullan fully, perfectly ; be ðām concerning this ; bī ðȳs ilcan
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bēacen n. beacon (the sun) ◈ gen. sg. bēacnes