Hiswelókë's Sindarin dictionary

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Description

Title

Hiswelókë's Sindarin dictionary

Compiled, edited and annotated by Didier Willis

Edition

Edition 1.9.1

Lexicon 0.9952

547 entries.

819 word forms (65 deduced, 62 normalized, 0 coined) in unique entries.

Publication

1999-2008, Didier Willis and The Sindarin Dictionary Project

Availability

Status: free.

License: This material may be distributed only subject to the terms and conditions set forth in the Creative Commons Attribution, Non-Commercial, Share-Alike License, version 2.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.0/).

Additional limitation of scope: Sindarin, as one of the languages invented by J.R.R. Tolkien, is his artistic and intellectual property. The editor does not claim any intellectual property on the Sindarin language itself and, as a whole, on this dictionary, beyond the editorial annotations, the arrangement of entries and the encyclopaedic discussions or interpretations appended to these entries. The above-mentioned license applies to such elements only.

J.R.R. Tolkien's texts and books are copyrighted by the Tolkien Estate and/or Tolkien's publishers. As of yet, this material is not approved by the Tolkien Estate or Tolkien's publishers, and is henceforth an unauthorized Sindarin dictionary. This material is however provided under the editor's assumption that compiling, arranging, analyzing, normalizing and annotating entries in order to produce a dictionary for a language, even if it is an invented one, does not violate the copyright of the inventor.

Shall any third party include this material in a derived work, under the above-mentioned license or under any other applicable license, the editor will not be liable for possible infringement of copyright on the derived work. Every derived use of this material is left under the sole responsability of the third party.

Notwithstanding, this material is neither a verbatim reproduction of information from Tolkien's published works, nor a simple rearrangement of such information in a different order. Many entries are deduced from indirect evidences (such as compounds, inflected forms, etc.) or are normalized according to our current knowledge of the Sindarin phonology and morphology. As a consequence, some deductions, as presented by the editor or by other contributors to the dictionary, might actually prove incorrect or inaccurate when new information is published.

Any violation of copyright regarding yet unpublished texts by J.R.R. Tolkien is unintended. The compiler does not have any access to hitherto unpublished texts. Would it be the case, such texts would not be used in the dictionary. Therefore, this dictionary only contains entries based on published texts, either from direct attestations or based on deductions and conclusions drawn from these texts by careful comparisons.

Notes

The editor would like to thank all the persons who made this work possible. This dictionary would not have existed without the efforts of many other peoples. Lisa Star (editor of Tyalië Tyelelliéva) and Helge Kåre Fauskanger (webmaster of Ardalambion) gave me precious advices and encouragements at the very beginning of the project. David Salo sent me his own lexicons and kindly answered some of my questions about them. Cédric Fockeu (webmaster of J.R.R. Tolkien en Version Française) offered his technical skill in scripting languages, as well as disk space to host the original on-line search engine. My thanks are also addressed to Ryszard Derdzinski, Dorothea Salo, B. Philip Jonsson, Sébastien Mallet and the members of the ELFLING mailing-list, for their support during the early phases of this long project; and later to Jim Allan (editor and co-author of An Introduction to Elvish), Bertrand Bellet, Carl Hostetter (editor of Vinyar Tengwar), Per Lindberg (from Mellonath Daeron), Elena Liria, Emanuele Vicentini, Patrick Wynne and all the other members of the Sindarin dictionary discussion group for their contributions and continual feedback, with a special mention for Javier Lorenzo for all the corrections he sent to the mailing-list.

The Dragon Flame application would not have existed without Benjamin Babut. Likewise, this revised edition of the dictionary would not have seen the light without Benjamin's work and enthousiasm for Dragon Flame and its set of related tools. I am also indebt to Sylvain Veyrié and Thomas Deniau for having ported Dragon Flame to other operating systems.

The German translation of this dictionary is based on the initial work of Christian Buzek, with further help and lots of improvements by Florian Dombach (Das Sindarin Lexikon) and other readers. Benjamin Babut and David Giraudeau contributed to the French translation. We also thank Stéphane Landais for all his corrections.

Last but not least, this work is dedicated to Christopher Tolkien and to the Vinyar Tengwar & Parma Eldalamberon editorial staffs, whose efforts to publish J.R.R. Tolkien's linguistic papers have made such a dictionary possible.

Source

This dictionary is based on J.R.R. Tolkien's works, extended with etymological notes, phonetics and other information.

Sindarin is the language of the Grey Elves, invented by J.R.R. Tolkien and exemplified in his masterful epic story The Lord of the Rings.

This work aims at being a complete Sindarin and Noldorin dictionary, addressing not only Tolkien's fans wishing to understand the elvish sentences from The Lord of the Rings or to build simple sentences in Sindarin, but also scholars wanting to study Sindarin for what it is: the complex linguistic invention of a philology professor, and also a beautiful piece of art.

The Sindarin dictionary project began on October 23, 1999, and is still under development. By no mean shall this version be regarded as definitive. The editor is all too well aware that the dictionary is not as perfect or complete as it might be. Nevertheless, it seems better to encourage the study of Sindarin by the provision of a working dictionary rather than delay the publication perhaps for years, until the editor's ideals are satisfied — a condition which might never be attained.

Encoding

Project declaration

Dictionary compiled and adapted from various sources.

Core file encoded manually in XML (TEI P4).

XHTML version automatically generated from the XML (TEI) source using XSLT.

XSL-FO version automatically generated from the XHTML version using XSLT.

PDF version automatically generated from the XSL-FO version using PassiveTeX.

Sampling

Phonetics are transcribed using the X-SAMPA scheme for representing the IPA in 7-bit ASCII encoding.

Hypothetical words, either interpreted, reconstructed or deduced from mutated forms, are all marked as deduced.

Phonetics and special delimiters are rendered in Unicode (UTF-8) in the XHTML version. The Lucida Sans Unicode font is assumed, for the document to display correctly, as well a browser supporting Unicode.

Phonetics are rendered in IPA in the PDF version. Some symbols used as delimiters are rendered with glyphs available to the typesetter, and might differ from the XHTML version.

Correction

Status: high.

This document has been extensively checked, although a few casual errors or typos may still remain.

XML file validated with Richard Tobin's RXP software, for conformance to a subset of the TEI P4 DTD.

XHTML version validated with Richard Tobin's RXP software, for compliance with XHTML 1.0 Transitional.

The XSL-FO version is not validated.

Interpretation

Probable errors in the sources have been corrected and marked with the <corr> tag.

In the XHTML version, corrections are rendered using a specific markup (misreadings, etc.).

1. The Physical World in Its Larger Aspects

1.1 World

ardhon S. [ˈɑrðɔn] n. augm. of ardh, 1. Geog. great region, province ○ 2. by ext., world ← Calenardhon S/386, PM/348

gardh S. [gˈɑrð] n. 1. Geog. bounded or defined region ○ 2. by ext., world ◇ WJ/402

1.21 Earth, Land

amar N. [ˈɑmɑr] (ambar N.) n. earth ◇ Ety/372

†cae I *S. [kˈɑɛ] (coe N.) n. earth ◇ Ety/363, X/OE ◈ This word is indeclinable, according to the Etymologies

ceven S. [kˈɛvɛn] n. Earth ◇ VT/44:21,27

1.212 Earth = Ground, Soil

cef N. [kˈɛv] pl. ceif N. [kˈɛjv] n. soil ◇ Ety/363

1.213 Dust

ast N. [ˈɑst] n. dust ◇ Ety/349

lith S., N. [lˈiθ] n. ash, sand, dust ◇ Ety/369, S/434, TC/178

1.215 Sand

lith S., N. [lˈiθ] n. ash, sand, dust ◇ Ety/369, S/434, TC/178

1.22 Mountain; Hill

aeglir S. [ˈɑɛglir] (oeglir N.) n. Geog. range of mountain peaks ← Hithaeglir LotR, Ety/349, X/OE

amon S., N. [ˈɑmɔn] pl. emyn S., N. [ˈɛmyn] (emuin N.) n. Geog. hill, steep-sided mount ◇ Ety/348, LotR/E, RC/334

dôl N. [dˈɔːl] (dol S.) n. 1. head ○ 2. Geog. by ext., hill or mountain ◇ Ety/376, S/430, RC/268

*menniath N. [m'ɛnni.ɑθ] n. coll. of ment, 1. many points ○ 2. Geog. by ext., range of mountains ← Mornvenniath TI/124, Lambengolmor/799

mindon N. [mˈindɔn] n. 1. Geog. isolated hill, especially a hill with a watch tower ○ 2. by ext., tower ◇ Ety/373, Ety/395

orod S., N. [ˈɔrɔd] pl. ered S., N. [ˈɛrɛd] (eryd S., N., ereid N.) n. Geog. mountain ◇ Ety/379, S/435, Letters/263, TC/178, RC/621

orodrim N. [ɔrˈɔdrim] n. class pl. of orod, Geog. range of mountains ◇ Ety/379

tund N. [tˈund] (tunn N.) n. Geog. hill, mound ◇ Ety/395, X/ND1

1.24 Valley

im II S., N. [ˈim] (imm N., imb N.) n. Arch. Geog. dell, deep vale ← imlad, imloth, imrath, imrad, VT/45:18, VT/47:14 ◈ This word only survived in compounds (due to the clash with im I)

imlad S., N. [ˈimlɑd] n. Geog. deep valley, narrow valley with steep sides (but a flat habitable bottom) ◇ S/433, LotR/Index, VT/45:18, VT/47:14, RC/234,482

imloth S. [ˈimlɔθ] n. Geog. flower-valley, flowery vale ◇ LotR/V:VIII, VT/42:18, RC/582 ◈ This word only occurs in the place name Imloth Melui, a vale where roses grew

imrad S. [ˈimrɑd] n. Geog. a path or pass (between mountains, hills or trackless forest) ◇ VT/47:14

imrath S. [ˈimrɑθ] n. Geog. long narrow valley with a road or watercourse running through it lengthwise ◇ UT/465, RC/558

lad S. [lˈɑd] n. Geog. plain, valley ◇ S/433

nan S. [nˈɑn] (nand S., N., nann N.) n. 1. Geog. wide grassland, land at foot of hills with many streams ○ 2. by ext., valley ◇ Ety/374, S/435, Letters/308, VT/45:36, X/ND1

talath S. [tˈɑlɑθ] (dalath N.) n. 1. flat surface, plane ○ 2. Geog. flat land, plain, (wide) valley ← Talath Dirnen UT/465, Ety/353, S/437

tum S., N. [tˈum] n. deep valley, under or among hills ◇ Ety/394, S/438

1.25 Island

tol S. [tˈɔl] (toll N.) pl. tyll N. [tˈyll] n. Geog. island, (steep) isle rising with sheer sides from the sea or from a river ◇ Ety/394, S/438, VT/47:13, RC/333-334

1.27 Shore

esgar N. [ˈɛsgɑr] n. Geog. shore ◇ VT/46:14

falas S., N. [fˈɑlɑs] pl. †felais *S. [fˈɛlɑjs] (feles N.) n. 1. Geog. beach, wave-beaten shore, line of surf ○ 2. Geog. as a proper noun, the western coast of Beleriand ◇ Ety/381, S/431, RC/18, X/EI

faur N. [fˈɑur] n. Geog. beach, shore ◇ VT/46:15

1.31 Water

nen S., N. [nˈɛn] pl. nîn S., N. [nˈiːn] n. 1. water (used of a lake, pool or lesser river) ○ 2. Geog. by ext., waterland ◇ Ety/376, S/435, UT/457, RC/327-328

1.32 Sea

aear S. [ˈɑɛ.ɑr] n. Geog. sea ◈ Tolkien changed this word several times, see gaear

aearon S. [ˈɑɛ.ɑrɔn] n. augm. of aear, Geog. great sea, ocean ◈ Tolkien changed this word several times, see gaearon

aer I S. [ˈɑɛr] n. Geog. sea ◈ Tolkien changed this word several times, see aear, gaear

gaear S. [gˈɑɛ.ɑr] (oear N.) n. Geog. sea ◇ Ety/349, PM/363, RGEO/73

gaearon S. [gˈɑɛ.ɑrɔn] (gaeron S.) n. augm. of gaear, Geog. great sea, ocean ◇ PM/363, PM/348, RGEO/72-73

gaer III S. [gˈɑɛr] (oer N.) n. Geog. sea ◇ Ety/349, S/431, PM/363

1.33 Lake

†ael *S. [ˈɑɛl] (oel N.) pl. aelin S. [ˈɑɛlin] (oelin N.) n. Geog. lake, pool, mere ◇ Ety/349, S/427, X/OE

lô S. [lˈɔː] n. Geog. shallow lake, fenland ◇ UT/263, VT/42:8-10

nen S., N. [nˈɛn] pl. nîn S., N. [nˈiːn] n. 1. water (used of a lake, pool or lesser river) ○ 2. Geog. by ext., waterland ◇ Ety/376, S/435, UT/457, RC/327-328

†rim II *S. [rˈim] (rhim N., rhimb N.) n. Geog. cold pool or lake (in mountains) ◇ Ety/384, X/RH

1.34 Gulf, Bay

côf S. [kˈɔːv] n. Geog. bay ◇ VT/42:15

hûb N. [hˈuːb] n. Geog. haven, harbour, small land-locked bay ◇ Ety/364

1.36 River; Stream; Brook

celon N. [kˈɛlɔn] n. Geog. river ← Celon (name) Ety/363

duin S. [dˈujn] n. Geog. (long and large) river (having strong current) ◇ S/430, LotR/F, TC/179, VT/48:24

nen S., N. [nˈɛn] pl. nîn S., N. [nˈiːn] n. 1. water (used of a lake, pool or lesser river) ○ 2. Geog. by ext., waterland ◇ Ety/376, S/435, UT/457, RC/327-328

oll N. [ˈɔld] (old N.) n. Geog. torrent, mountain-stream ◇ Ety/396

sîr S., N. [sˈiːr] n. Geog. river ◇ Ety/385, S/437, RC/384

sirion I N. [sˈiri.ɔn] n. augm. of sîr, Geog. great river ← Sirion Ety/385

1.37 Spring; Well

†celu *S. [kˈɛlu] (celw N.) n. spring, source ◇ Ety/363, X/W

eithel S., N. [ˈɛjθɛl̡] pl. eithil S. [ˈɛjθil̡] n. issue of water, spring, well ◇ Ety/363, S/430, S/433, WJ/85, TC/187

1.41 Woods, Forest

eryn S. [ˈɛryn] n. wood ◇ UT/436, LotR/B

glad S. [glˈɑd] n. wood ← Methed-en-Glad UT/452

taur II S., N. [tˈɑur] n. great wood, forest ◇ Ety/391, S/420, S/438

tawar S., N. [tˈɑwɑr] n. 1. wood (as a material) ○ 2. by ext., great wood, forest ← Tawar-in-Drúedain UT/467, Ety/391

1.42 Tree

galadh S., N. [gˈɑlɑð] n. Bot. tree ◇ Ety/357, S/427, LotR/E, LB/354, RGEO/73, Letters/426

orn S., N. [ˈɔrn] pl. yrn N. [ˈyrn] n. Bot. (any large) tree ◇ Ety/379, S/435, Letters/426

1.43 Wood

tawar S., N. [tˈɑwɑr] n. 1. wood (as a material) ○ 2. by ext., great wood, forest ← Tawar-in-Drúedain UT/467, Ety/391

1.44 Stone; Rock

gond S. [gˈɔnd] (gonn N.) n. great stone, rock ◇ Ety/359, S/431, X/ND1

sarn S., N. [sˈɑrn] n. 1. stone (as a material) ○ 2. small stone ◇ Ety/385, S/437, UT/463, VT/42:11, RC/327 ◈ Sern in UT/463 is a misprint, see VT/42:11

1.46 Cave

fela N. [fˈɛlɑ] pl. fili N. [fˈili] n. cave ◇ Ety/381

gath N. [gˈɑθ] n. cavern ◇ Ety/358

gathrod N. [gˈɑθrɔd] n. cave ◇ Ety/358

groth S. [grˈɔθ] n. 1. cave, tunnel, large excavation ○ 2. delving, underground dwelling ◇ WJ/415, S/431, VT/46:12

rond S. [rˈɔnd] (rhond N., rhonn N.) n. 1. cave roof ○ 2. vaulted or arched roof, as seen from below (and usually not visible from outside), or a (large) hall of chamber so roofed ◇ Ety/384, VT/46:12, S/437, WJ/414, X/RH, X/ND1

1.51 Sky, Heavens

menel S. [mˈɛnɛl̡] n. sky, high heaven, firmament, the region of the stars ◇ LotR/II:I, LotR/IV:X, LB/354, RGEO/72, VT/44:21,23-24

1.52 Sun

Anor S., N. [ˈɑnɔr] n. Astron. sun ◇ Ety/348, RC/232

1.53 Moon

†cúron *S. [kˈuːrɑn] (cúran N.) n. Astron. the crescent Moon ◇ Ety/365, X/Z

cýron S. [kˈiːrɔn] (cýrawn S.) n. Astron. new moon ◇ VT/48:7

ithil S., N. [ˈiθil̡] n. Astron. the (full) Moon, lit. 'The Sheen' ◇ Ety/361, Ety/385, Ety/392, LotR/E, LB/354, RC/232

1.54 Star

êl S. [ˈɛːl] pl. elin S. [ˈɛlin] n. Arch., Poet. Astron. star (little used except in verses) ◇ WJ/363, MR/373, RGEO/73, Letters/281

geil N. [gˈɛjl] pl. gîl N. n. Astron. star, bright spark ◇ Ety/358, VT/45:15 ⇒ Cf. gil

gil S. [gˈil] Astron. star, bright spark ◇ LotR/E, S/431, RGEO/73 ◈ In The Etymologies (Ety/358, corrected by VT/45:15), this word was given as geil, plural gîl. However, later in LotR/E and RGEO/73, Tolkien seems to consider gil as a singular (with no hints in the sources of what the plural would be, besides the collective plural giliath)

†tinu *S. [tˈinu] (tinw N.) n. Astron. spark, small star ◇ Ety/393, X/W

1.61 Light (noun)

calad S., N. [kˈɑlɑd] ger. light ◇ Ety/362, UT/65

gail N. [gˈɑjl] n. bright light ◇ Ety/362

gal- N. [gɑl] pref. light ← galvorn, etc.

galad S. [gˈɑlɑd] n. light, radiance, glittering, reflection (from jewels, glass or polished metal, or water) ◇ VT/45:13, PM/347, Letters/425

glaur N. [glˈɑur] (glor- N.) n. Theo. golden light (of the golden tree Laurelin) ◇ Ety/358, Ety/368

1.62 Darkness

dúath S., N. [dˈuːɑθ] (dúwath N.) n. coll. of dû, 1. darkness, shadow ○ 2. nightshade ◇ Ety/354, S/430

fuin S., N. [fˈujn] n. night, dead of night, gloom, darkness ◇ Ety/354, Ety/382, S/431

môr S., N. [mˈɔːr] n. darkness, dark, night ◇ Ety/373, Letters/382

1.622 Dark, Murky

doll N. [dˈɔll] (dolt N.) adj. dark, dusky, obscure ◇ Ety/355, Ety/376, Tengwestie/20031207

dúath S., N. [dˈuːɑθ] (dúwath N.) n. coll. of dû, 1. darkness, shadow ○ 2. nightshade ◇ Ety/354, S/430

dûr S., N. [dˈuːr] pl. duir S. [dˈujr] adj. dark, sombre ◇ Ety/354, S/430, UT/434

morn S., N. [mˈɔrn] pl. myrn S. [mˈyrn] adj. black, dark ◇ Ety/373, Letters/382, Letters/427, WJ/368, WR/113, UT/65

1.63 Shade

dae S., N. [dˈɑɛ] n. shadow ◇ Ety/354, S/430

gwath S., N. [gwˈɑθ] n. 1. shade, shadow, dim light ○ 2. stain ◇ Ety/397, S/432

†lum *S. [lˈum] (lhum N.) n. shade ◇ Ety/370, X/LH

*morchant S. [mˈɔrxɑnt] pl. morchaint S. [mˈɔrxɑjnt] n. shadow (of objects, cast by light), dark shape ◇ S/432, VT/42:9

1.71 Air

†gwelu *S. [gwˈɛlu] (gwelw N.) n. air (as substance) ◇ Ety/398, X/W

gwelwen N. [gwˈɛl̡wɛn] n. air, lower air (distinct from the upper air of the stars, or the outer) ◇ Ety/398

gwilith N. [gwˈiliθ] n. air (as a region) ◇ Ety/398

1.72 Wind

gwaew N. [gwˈɑɛw] n. wind ◇ Ety/387

sûl I S. [sˈuːl] n. wind ◇ S/437

1.722 Storm

alagos N. [ˈɑlɑgɔs] n. storm of wind ◇ Ety/348

1.723 Breeze

†hwest *S. [ʍˈɛst] (chwest N.) n. puff, breath, breeze ◇ Ety/388, X/HW

1.73 Cloud

fain S. [fˈɑjn] (fein N.) n. and adj. 1. white ○ 2. as a noun, cloud ◇ Ety/387, WR/288, RC/268, VT/46:15, X/EI ⇒ Cf. faun, fân

fân S. [fˈɑːn] n. 1. veil ○ 2. by ext., cloud (applied to clouds, floating as veils over the blue sky or the sun or moon, or resting on hills) ◇ RGEO/74 ⇒ Cf. faun, fain

faun N. [fˈɑun] n. cloud ◇ Ety/387, VT/46:15 ⇒ Cf. fain, fân

1.74 Mist (Fog, Haze)

hîth S. [hˈiːθ] (hith N.) n. mist, fog ◇ Ety/364, S/432

†hithu *S. [hˈiθu] (hithw N.) n. fog ◇ Ety/364, X/W

mith I N. [mˈiθ] n. white fog, wet mist ◇ Ety/373

1.75 Rain (noun)

†ross I *S. [rˈɔss] (rhoss N.) n. rain ◇ Ety/384, X/RH

1.752 Rainbow

†eiliant *S. [ˈɛjli.ɑnt] (eilianw N., eilian N.) n. rainbow ◇ Ety/360, Ety/400 ◈ See ianu and iant for a discussion

ninniach S. [nˈinni.ɑx] n. rainbow ◇ S/387

1.76 Snow (noun)

loss S. [lˈɔss] n. snow (especially fallen or long-lying snow) ◇ S/434, VT/42:18, RGEO/70

1.77 Ice

heleg N. [hˈɛlɛg] n. ice ◇ Ety/364

1.81 Fire

naur S., N. [nˈɑur] n. 1. flame ○ 2. fire ◇ Ety/374, S/435, LotR/II:IV

ûr I N. [ˈuːr] n. fire, heat ◇ Ety/396

1.82 Flame (noun)

†lach *S. [lˈɑx] (lhach N.) n. (leaping) flame ◇ S/433, X/LH

naur S., N. [nˈɑur] n. 1. flame ○ 2. fire ◇ Ety/374, S/435, LotR/II:IV

1.83 Smoke (noun)

osp N. [ˈɔsp] n. reek, smoke ◇ Ety/396

1.84 Ashes

lith S., N. [lˈiθ] n. ash, sand, dust ◇ Ety/369, S/434, TC/178

1.86 Light (verb), Kindle

*lacha- S. [lˈɑxɑ] v. to flame

*nartha- N. [nˈɑrθɑ] inf. nartho N. [nˈɑrθɔ] v. to kindle ◇ VT/45:37

2. Mankind: Sex, Age, Family Relationship

2.21 Man² (vs. Woman)

benn N. [bˈɛnn] n. m. man, male ◇ Ety/352, VT/45:9

dîr N. [dˈiːr] n. m. Arch. man, referring to an adult male (elf, mortal, or of any other speaking race) ◇ Ety/354, Ety/352

2.22 Woman

bess S., N. [bˈɛss] n. f. 1. (young) woman ○ 2. wife ◇ Ety/352, SD/129-31

dess N. [dˈɛss] n. f. young woman ◇ Ety/375

dî N. [dˈiː] n. f. Poet. woman, lady ◇ Ety/352, Ety/354

2.26 Girl

iell N. [jˈɛl̡l] n. f. 1. daughter ○ 2. girl, maid ◇ Ety/385, Ety/400 ◈ Stated to be an alteration of sell, remodelled after ion "son" (OS *jondo). It was "a change assisted by the loss of s in compounds and patronymics", hence the ending -iel in several feminine words

neth II S. [nˈɛθ] n. f. 1. hypo. of nîth II sister ○ 2. girl (in her teens, approaching the adult) ◇ VT/47:14-16,33, VT/48:6

sell N. [sˈɛl̡l] n. f. 1. daughter ○ 2. girl, maid (child) ◇ Ety/385

2.31 Husband

hervenn N. [hˈɛrvɛn] (herven N.) n. m. husband ◇ Ety/352, Ety/364, X/ND4

2.32 Wife

bess S., N. [bˈɛss] n. f. 1. (young) woman ○ 2. wife ◇ Ety/352, SD/129-31

hervess N. [hˈɛrvɛs] (herves N.) n. f. wife ◇ Ety/352, Ety/364

2.35 Father

ada N. [ˈɑdɑ] n. m. hypo. of adar, father, daddy ◇ Ety/349

adar S., N. [ˈɑdɑr] pl. edair S. [ˈɛdɑjr] (eder N., edeir N.) n. m. father ◇ Ety/349, PM/324, MR/373, LotR/II:II, VT/44:21-22, X/EI

2.36 Mother

emel S. [ˈɛmɛl] (emmel S.) n. f. mother ◇ Emeldir S/155, VT/48:17

emil N. [ˈɛmil] n. f. Poet. mother ◇ VT/45:5

nana N. [nˈɑnɑ] n. hypo. mother, mummy ◇ Ety/348, Ety/374

naneth N. [nˈɑnɛθ] n. mother ◇ Ety/348, Ety/374

2.37 Parents

odhril N. [ˈɔðril̡] n. f. parent ◇ Ety/379

odhron N. [ˈɔðrɔn] n. m. parent ◇ Ety/379

2.41 Son

ion S. [jˈɔn] (†iond *S., ionn N.) n. m. 1. son ○ 2. by ext., scion, male descendant ◇ Ety/400, MR/373, X/ND1, X/ND2 ◈ For the second meaning, cf. Hadorion, a Húrin's epithet in WJ/294, Hurinionath referring to the house of Húrin the Steward in PM/202-3,218, and Gil-Galad's epithet Ereinion, cf. also the gloss of the old Qenya cognate yondo "descendant of" in PE/12:106, or the use of the same suffix in later Quenya names such as Isildurioni and Anárioni "Heirs of Isildur (resp. Anárion)" in PM/192,196

iôn S. [jˈɔːn] n. son ◇ WJ/337

2.42 Daughter

sell N. [sˈɛl̡l] n. f. 1. daughter ○ 2. girl, maid (child) ◇ Ety/385

2.43 Child (Son or Daughter)

hên II S. [hˈɛːn] pl. hîn S. [hˈiːn] n. child (mostly used as a prefix in patronymics or metronymics) ◇ WJ/403

2.44 Brother

hanar S. [hˈɑnɑr] n. m. brother ◇ VT/47:14

hawn S. [hˈɑwn] n. m. Arch. brother ◇ VT/47:14 ⇒ Cf. hanar

muindor N. [mˈujndɔr] pl. muindyr N. [mˈujndyr] n. m. brother ◇ Ety/394

tôr N. [tˈɔːr] pl. †teryn *S. [tˈɛryn] (terein N.) n. m. Arch. brother ◇ Ety/394, X/Z ◈ The word muindor is more usual

2.45 Sister

muinthel N. [mˈujnθɛl̡] pl. muinthil N. [mˈujnθil̡] n. f. sister ◇ Ety/392

neth II S. [nˈɛθ] n. f. 1. hypo. of nîth II sister ○ 2. girl (in her teens, approaching the adult) ◇ VT/47:14-16,33, VT/48:6

nîth II S. [nˈiːθ] n. f. sister ◇ VT/47:14

thêl N. [θˈɛːl] pl. thelei N. n. f. sister ◇ Ety/392

2.82 Family

noss S., N. [nˈɔss] (nos N.) n. kindred, family, clan ◇ Ety/378, PM/320

nost S. [nˈɔst] n. kindred, family, house ◇ PM/360 ⇒ Cf. noss

nothlir N. [nˈɔθlir] n. family line (esp. as family tree, genealogical tree) ◇ WR/234, WR/237, WR/309

3. Animals

3.11 Animal

lavan S. [lˈɑvɑn] pl. levain S. [lˈɛvɑjn] n. Zool. animal (usually applied to four-footed beasts, and never to reptiles or birds) ◇ WJ/388, WJ/416

*tad-dal S. [tˈɑd.dɑl] pl. tad-dail S. [tˈɑd.dɑjl] n. and adj. Zool. biped, two-legged animal ◇ WJ/388

3.12 Male (adj.)

†anu *S. [ˈɑnu] (anw N.) adj. male ◇ Ety/360, X/W ◈ A literal interpretation of the Etymologies would class this word as a noun, but David Salo notes that the punctuation in The Etymologies is not always reliable. Noldorin anw cannot be cognate to the Quenya noun hanu (*3anû) because the final -u would drop. It must rather be cognate to the Quenya adjective hanwa (*3anwâ) attested under the stem INI, where it is also stated that inw, corresponding to Quenya inya "female", has been remodelled after anw. The combination of these two entries, along with the phonological evidences, clearly indicates that anw is actually an adjective

3.13 Female

†inu *S. [ˈinu] (inw N.) adj. female ◇ Ety/361, X/W

3.17 Pasture (noun)

nadhor N. [nˈɑðr̩] n. pasture ◇ Ety/374

nadhras N. [nˈɑðrɑs] n. abst. of nadhor, pasture ◇ Ety/374

3.21 Bull

mund S. [mˈund] n. Zool. bull ◇ Letters/422-423

3.41 Horse (Generic)

lobor N. [lˈɔbr̩] n. Zool. horse ◇ VT/45:28 ⇒ Cf. roch

roch S., N. [rˈɔx] n. Zool. horse, swift horse for riding ◇ Ety/384, S/436, Letters/178, Letters/282, Letters/382

3.61 Dog

hû N. [hˈuː] n. Zool. dog ◇ Ety/364

†rŷn *S. [rˈyːn] (rhŷn N.) n. Zool. "chaser", hound of chase ◇ Ety/384, X/RH

3.64 Bird

aew S., N. [ˈɑɛw] n. Orn. (small) bird ◇ Ety/348, S/434

fileg N. [fˈilɛg] pl. filig N. [fˈilig] n. Orn. small bird ◇ Ety/381

3.65 Fish

hâl N. [hˈɑːl] n. Zool. fish ◇ VT/45:20 ⇒ Cf. lim III

†lim III *S. [lˈim] (lhim N., lhimb N.) n. Zool. fish ◇ Ety/369, X/LH ⇒ Cf. hâl

3.71 Wolf

draug S., N. [drˈɑug] n. Zool. wolf ◇ Ety/354, S/430

garaf N. [gˈɑrɑv] n. Zool. wolf ◇ Ety/377

3.72 Lion

†raw II *S. [rˈɑw] (rhaw N.) pl. †roe *S. [rˈɔɛ] (rhui N.) n. Zool. lion ◇ Ety/383, X/RH

3.73 Bear

brôg N. [brˈɔːg] n. Zool. bear ◇ Ety/374

graw S. [grˈɑw] n. Zool. bear ◇ VT/47:12

†medli *S. [mˈɛdli] (megli N.) n. Zool. bear ◇ Ety/369, Ety/371, X/DL

3.74 Fox

rusc S. [rˈusk] n. Zool. fox ◇ VT/41:10

3.75 Deer

aras S. [ˈɑrɑs] n. Zool. deer ◇ WJ/156-157

3.77 Elephant

annabon N. [ˈɑnnɑbɔn] (andabon N.) n. Zool. elephant ◇ Ety/372, X/ND2

3.79 Hunt (vb.)

*fara- N. [fˈɑrɑ] inf. faro N. [fˈɑrɔ] v. to hunt ◇ Ety/387

3.84 Worm

lhûg S., N. [ɬˈuːg] n. Zool. snake, serpent ◇ Ety/370, S/434

lŷg (corr. lyg) S. [lˈyːg] n. Zool. snake ◇ LotR/E

3.84 Snake

lhûg S., N. [ɬˈuːg] n. Zool. snake, serpent ◇ Ety/370, S/434

lŷg (corr. lyg) S. [lˈyːg] n. Zool. snake ◇ LotR/E

3.85 Swan

alph S. [ˈɑlf] (alf N.) pl. eilph S. [ˈɛjlf] n. Orn. swan ◇ Ety/348, S/427, LotR/E, VT/42:6-7, X/PH

3.91 Animals - other

cabor N. [kˈɑbr̩] (cabr N.) n. Zool. frog ◇ Ety/362

gwilwileth N. [gwˈil̡wilɛθ] n. Zool. butterfly ◇ Ety/398

ungol S., N. [ˈuŋgl̩] n. Zool. spider ◇ Ety/366, WR/202, LotR, RC/490

4. Parts of the Body; Bodily Functions and Conditions

4.13 Flesh

rhaw IV S. [ɹ̥ˈɑw] n. flesh, body ◇ MR/350, VT/47:12

4.14 Hair

fast N. [fˈɑst] n. shaggy hair ◇ Ety/381

finnel N. [fˈinnɛl̡] (findel N.) n. (braided) hair ◇ Ety/387, X/ND2

4.142 Beard

fang N. [fˈɑŋ] n. beard ◇ Ety/387

4.15 Blood

*agar S. [ˈɑgɑr] n. blood ← Agarwaen S/378

iâr N. [jˈɑːr] n. blood ◇ Ety/400

sereg S. [sˈɛrɛg] n. blood ◇ S/437

4.17 Horn

ras S. [rˈɑs] (rhas N.) pl. rais S. [rˈɑjs] n. horn (especially on living animal, but also applied to mountains) ◇ Ety/383, VT/46:10, LotR/E, S/436, X/RH ◈ The form rhaes in the Etymologies is a misreading according to VT/46:10

†rasg *S. [rˈɑsg] (rhasg N.) n. horn (especially on living animal, but also applied to mountains) ◇ Ety/383, X/RH

tarag N. [tˈɑrɑg] n. 1. horn ○ 2. by ext., steep mountain peak ◇ Ety/391, VT/46:17

4.20 Head

dôl N. [dˈɔːl] (dol S.) n. 1. head ○ 2. Geog. by ext., hill or mountain ◇ Ety/376, S/430, RC/268

4.204 Face

thîr S., N. [θˈiːr] n. look, face, expression, countenance ◇ Ety/392, VT/41:10

4.207 Jaw

anc N. [ˈɑŋk] n. Biol. jaw, row of teeth ◇ Ety/348, Ety/374

carach S. [kˈɑrɑx] n. Biol. jaw, row of teeth ◇ S/429, RC/607

naew N. [nˈɑɛw] n. Biol. jaw ◇ Ety/374

4.21 Eye

hen II S. [hˈɛn] (†hend *S., henn S., hên N.) pl. †hin *S. [hˈin] (hîn N.) n. Biol. eye ◇ Ety/364, LotR/II:IX, WR/128, X/ND1

4.212 Sharpeyed

maecheneb S. [mˈɑɛxɛnɛb] adj. sharp-eyed ◇ WJ/337

4.22 Ear

lhaw S., N. [ɬˈɑw] n. pl. Biol. ears (referring to one person's pair of ears only) ◇ Ety/368, LotR/II:IX

lhewig N. [ɬˈɛwig] n. sing. of lhaw, Biol. ear ◇ Ety/368, LotR/II:IX

4.23 Nose

bund N. [bˈund] (bunn N.) n. 1. Biol. snout, nose ○ 2. Geog. by ext., cape (of land) ◇ Ety/372, X/ND2

nem N. [nˈɛm] (nemb N.) n. Biol. nose ◇ Ety/376

4.26 Tongue

lam I S. [lˈɑm] (lhamb N., lham N.) n. Biol. physical tongue ◇ Ety/367, WJ/394, X/LH

4.27 Tooth

carch S., N. [kˈɑrx] n. Biol. tooth, fang ◇ Ety/362, S/429

*nagol N. [nˈɑgl̩] n. Biol. tooth ← naglath WR/122

nêl I N. [nˈɛːl] (neleg N.) pl. nelig S. [nˈɛlig] n. Biol. tooth ◇ Ety/376, WR/113, VT/46:3

4.28 Neck

achad S. [ˈɑxɑd] n. Biol. neck (properly referring only to the bony vertebral part not including the throat) ◇ RC/537

4.29 Throat

†lanc II *S. [lˈɑŋk] (lhanc N.) n. Biol. throat ◇ Ety/367, X/LH

4.33 Hand

cam S., N. [kˈɑm] (camb N., camm N.) n. Biol. hand ◇ Ety/361, Ety/371, S/429

†camlann *S. [kˈɑmlɑnn] (camland N.) n. Biol. palm of hand ◇ Ety/367, X/ND4

crum N. [krˈum] n. left hand ◇ Ety/366

dond S. [dˈɔnd] (donn S.) n. Biol. fist, hand (especially in punching) ◇ VT/47:23

†fair II *S. [fˈɑjr] (feir N., fœir N.) n. right (hand) ◇ Ety/382, VT/46:10

forvo S. [fˈɔrvɔ] n. 1. right hand ○ 2. by ext., right side ◇ VT/47:6

†hair *S. [hˈɑjr] (heir N.) n. and adj. left (hand) ◇ Ety/365, X/EI

harvo S. [hˈɑrvɔ] n. 1. left hand ○ 2. by ext., left side ◇ VT/47:6

mâb S. [mˈɑːb] (mab- S.) n. Biol. a hand-full, complete hand (with all five fingers) ◇ Ety/371, VT/45:32, VT/47:6-7

maw I S. [mˈɑw] n. Biol. Arch. hand ◇ VT/47:6

paur S., N. [pˈɑur] n. Biol. fist (often used to mean "hand", its chief use was in reference of the tighly closed hand, as in using an implement or a craft-tool, rather than to the fist used in punching) ◇ Ety/366, S/429, PM/179, PM/318, VT/47:8

plad S. [plˈɑd] n. Biol. palm, flat of the hand, hand held upwards or forwards, flat and tensed (with fingers and thumb closed or spread) ◇ VT/47:9

†talf I *S. [tˈɑlv] (dalf N.) n. Biol. palm of hand ◇ Ety/353

4.34 Finger

lebed S. [lˈɛbɛd] (lhebed N.) pl. lebid S. [lˈɛbid] n. Biol. finger ◇ Ety/368, X/LH, VT/47:23-24,27 ◈ Tolkien later seems to have replaced this form by leber

leber S. [lˈɛbɛr] pl. lebir S. [lˈɛbir] n. Biol. finger ◇ VT/47:10,23-24, VT/48:5

4.342 Thumb

atheg S. [ˈɑθɛg] n. m. dim. of adar, 1. "litte father" ○ 2. Biol. thumb (Elvish play-name used by and taught to children) ◇ VT/48:6,17

nawb S. [nˈɑwb] n. Biol. thumb ◇ VT/48:5

4.37 Foot

pôd N. [pˈɔːd] pl. pŷd N. [pˈyːd] n. Biol. animal's foot ◇ Ety/382

tâl N. [tˈɑːl] pl. tail S. [tˈɑjl] (teil N.) n. Biol. foot ← tad-dail WJ/388, Ety/390, S/429, S/437, X/EI

tellen N. [tˈɛl̡lɛn] (tellein N., tellœin N.) n. Biol. sole of foot ◇ Ety/384, Ety/390, VT/46:12

4.392 Wing

*roval S. [rˈɔvɑl] (rhofal N.) pl. †rovail *S. [rˈɔvɑjl] (rhofel N.) n. Biol. pinion, great wing (of eagle) ← Landroval LotR/VI:IV, Ety/382, X/RH

4.44 Heart

hûn N. [hˈuːn] n. Biol. heart (physical) ◇ Ety/364

4.51 Breathe; Breath

*thuia- N. [θˈuj.ɑ] inf. thuio N. [θˈuj.ɔ] v. to breathe ◇ Ety/393

thûl N. [θˈuːl] n. breath ◇ Ety/393

4.56 Spit (vb.)

*puia- N. [pˈuj.ɑ] inf. puio N. [pˈuj.ɔ] v. to spit ◇ Ety/382

4.58 Bite (vb.)

nag- N. [nˈɑg] v. to bite ◇ Ety/374

4.62 Dream (noun)

ôl N. [ˈɔːl] pl. elei N. n. dream ◇ Ety/370, Ety/379

4.74 Live; Living; Life

*cuia- S. [kˈuj.ɑ] v. to live ← cuio LotR/VI:IV, Letters/308

4.75 Die; Dead; Death

*gwanna- N. [gwˈɑnnɑ] inf. gwanno N. [gwˈɑnnɔ] v. to depart, die ◇ Ety/397

4.77 Corpse

daen N. [dˈɑɛn] n. corpse ◇ Ety/375

4.79 Grave

haudh S., N. [hˈɑuð] n. (burial) mound, grave, tomb ◇ Ety/363-364, S/432, LotR/A(iv)

sarch S. [sˈɑrx] n. grave ◇ UT/463

4.81 Strong, Mighty, Powerful

beleg S., N. [bˈɛlɛg] adj. great, mighty ◇ Ety/352, S/428

belt N. [bˈɛlt] adj. strong in body ◇ Ety/352, Tengwestie/20031207

4.84 Sick; Sickness

cael N. [kˈɑɛl] n. lying in bed, sickness ◇ Ety/363

caeleb N. [kˈɑɛlɛb] adj. bedridden, sick ◇ Ety/363

gem N. [gˈɛm] (gemb N.) adj. sickly ◇ Ety/358

†lhaew II *S. [ɬˈɑɛw] (thlaew N., thloew N., flaew N.) adj. sickly, sick, ill ◇ Ety/386, X/OE, X/LH

†lhîw *S. [ɬˈiːw] (fliw N., thliw N.) n. sickness ◇ Ety/386, X/LH

paw N. [pˈɑw] n. sickness ◇ Ety/366

4.85 Wound (noun, vb.), Wounded (adj.)

harn II N. [hˈɑrn] adj. wounded ◇ Ety/386

*harna- N. [hˈɑrnɑ] inf. harno N. [hˈɑrnɔ] v. to wound ◇ Ety/386

†haru *S. [hˈɑru] (harw N.) n. wound ◇ Ety/386, X/W

4.86 Cure, Heal

*nesta- N. [nˈɛstɑ] v. to heal ← nestad WR/379-380

nestad N. [nˈɛstɑd] ger. of nesta-, healing ◇ WR/379-80

*nestadren N. [nɛstˈɑdrɛn] pl. nestedrin (corr. nestedriu) N. [nɛstˈɛdrin] adj. healing ◇ WR/380

4.89 Poison (noun)

saew N. [sˈɑɛw] n. poison ◇ Ety/385

4.91 Tired, Weary

†lom *S. [lˈɔm] (lhom N.) adj. weary ◇ VT/45:29, X/LH

4.93 Bald

rûdh S. [rˈuːð] adj. bald ◇ S/379, WJ/187

4.98 Drunk

sogannen (corr. sogennen) N. [sɔgˈɑnnɛn] pp. of sog-, drunk ◇ Ety/388

4.99 Naked, Bare

hell N. [hˈɛl̡l] adj. naked ◇ Ety/386

lanc I S. [lˈɑŋk] n. naked ◇ UT/418

5. Food and Drink; Cooking and Utensils

5.11 Eat

*mad- N. [mˈɑd] inf. medi N. [mˈɛdi] v. to eat ◇ Ety/371

5.12 Food

aes N. [ˈɑɛs] n. cooked food, meat ◇ Ety/349

5.13 Drink (vb.)

*sog- N. [sˈɔg] inf. sogo N. [sˈɔgɔ] pa. t. sogant N. [sˈɔgɑnt] (sunc N.) v. to drink ◇ Ety/388, VT/46:16

5.151 Thirsty

faug N. [fˈɑug] adj. thirsty ◇ Ety/381

5.51 Bread

*bass S. [bˈɑss] n. bread ← besain, besoneth, imbas PM/404-405, VT/44:21 ◈ In the Etymologies, the word for "bread" is given as bast, Quenya masta, but it seems that Tolkien later changed his mind and updated the word to bass, as shown in Quenya massánie, Sindarin besain, besoneth "bread-giver", and in the mutated form (i)mbas (apparently prefixed with the article). These latter Sindarin forms are however dubious, as we would rather have expected bessain (as a regular cognate of Quenya massánie) and bassoneth (without i-affection), and possibly a different mutation pattern after the article

bast N. [bˈɑst] n. bread ◇ Ety/372 ⇒ Cf. bass

5.52 Cake

aes N. [ˈɑɛs] n. cooked food, meat ◇ Ety/349

cram S., N. [krˈɑm] (cramb N.) n. cake of compressed flour or meal (often containing honey and milk) ◇ Ety/365, LotR/II:VIII

5.64 Soup, Broth

†salph *S. [sˈɑlf] (salff N.) n. broth, liquid food, soup ◇ Ety/385, VT/46:12, X/PH ◈ The form salf in the Etymologies is a misreading, see VT/45:12

5.84 Honey

glî N. [glˈiː] n. honey ◇ Ety/369

nîdh N. [nˈiːð] n. honeycomb ◇ VT/45:38

6. Clothing; Personal Adornment and Care

6.11 Clothe, Dress

hab- N. [hˈɑb] v. to clothe ◇ Ety/363

hamma- N. [hˈɑmmɑ] v. to clothe ◇ Ety/363, VT/45:21 ◈ The form hamnia- in the Etymologies is a misreading according to VT/45:21

6.12 Clothing, Clothes

hammad N. [hˈɑmmɑd] ger. of hamma-, clothing ◇ Ety/363

6.28 Fur

heleth N. [hˈɛlɛθ] n. fur, fur-coat ◇ Ety/386

helf N. [hˈɛl̡v] n. fur ◇ Ety/386

6.41 Cloak

*coll III S. [kˈɔll] n. cloak, mantle ← Thingol S/421, MR/385

6.51 Shoe

habad N. [hˈɑbɑd] pl. †hebaid *S. [hˈɛbɑjd] (hebeid N.) n. shoe ◇ Ety/386, VT/Errata, X/EI ◈ The meaning "shore" in Ety/386 should actually read "shoe", see VT/Errata and Lambengolmor/735. Compare also with Early Qenya hyapa (PE/13:41) and Gnomish habin (PE/11:47), both glossed as "shoe"

6.55 Hat; Cap

carab S. [kˈɑrɑb] n. hat ◇ WJ/187

6.57 Belt, Girdle

lest S. [lˈɛst] n. girdle ◇ WJ/333, WJ/225, WJ/228

6.59 Veil

fân S. [fˈɑːn] n. 1. veil ○ 2. by ext., cloud (applied to clouds, floating as veils over the blue sky or the sun or moon, or resting on hills) ◇ RGEO/74 ⇒ Cf. faun, fain

6.72 Jewel

mîr S., N. [mˈiːr] n. jewel, precious thing, treasure ◇ Ety/373, LotR/E, S/434, PM/348, LB/354, RGEO/73

6.75 Necklace

sigil II N. [sˈigil̡] n. necklace ← Sigil Elu-naeth WJ/258

6.95 Soap

glûdh N. [glˈuːð] n. soap ◇ Ety/369

6.96 Mirror

cenedril N. [kɛnˈɛdril̡] n. looking-glass, mirror ◇ TI/184, RS/466

7. Dwelling, House, Furniture

7.11 Dwell

*dortha- N. [dˈɔrθɑ] inf. dortho N. [dˈɔrθɔ] v. to dwell, stay ◇ Ety/376

7.12 House

adab N. [ˈɑdɑb] pl. †edaib *S. [ˈɛdɑjb] (edeb N.) n. building, house ◇ Ety/390, WR/379-80, X/EI

bar S. [bˈɑr] pl. bair S. [bˈɑjr] n. 1. dwelling, home ○ 2. by ext., inhabited land ◇ S/428, WR/379-80, SD/129-31

car N. [kˈɑr] (cardh N.) n. house, building ◇ Ety/362

7.15 Yard, Court

†pand *S. [pˈɑnd] (pann N.) n. courtyard ◇ Ety/380, X/ND1

sant S. [sˈɑnt] n. garden, field, yard (or other place in private ownership whether enclosed or not) ◇ VT/42:20

7.16 Cave

7.21 Room

*sam S. [sˈɑm] n. chamber ← Sammath LotR/VI:III, S/435

7.22 Door; Gate

annon S., N. [ˈɑnnɔn] pl. ennyn S., N. [ˈɛnnyn] n. augm. great door or gate ◇ Ety/348, S/428, LotR/II:IV, TAI/150

fen S. [fˈɛn] (fend N., fenn N.) n. door, threshold ◇ Ety/381, LotR/V:IV, WR/341, RC/550, X/ND1

fennas S. [fˈɛnnɑs] n. abst. of fen, doorway, gateway ◇ LotR/II:IV, RS/463, RGEO/75

7.25 Window

henneth S. [hˈɛnnɛθ] n. window ◇ S/428

7.26 Floor

panas N. [pˈɑnɑs] n. abst. of pân I, floor ◇ Ety/380

talaf N. [tˈɑlɑv] pl. †telaif *S. [tˈɛlɑjv] (teleif N.) n. ground, floor ◇ Ety/390, X/EI

7.27 Wall

ram S. [rˈɑm] (rham N., rhamb N.) n. wall ◇ Ety/382, S/436, X/RH

rammas S. [rˈɑmmɑs] n. abst. of ram, (great) wall ◇ LotR/V:I, LotR/Index

7.28 Roof

telu N. [tˈɛlu] n. dome, high roof ◇ Ety/391

tobas N. [tˈɔbɑs] n. abst. of toba-, roofing, roof ◇ Ety/394, VT/46:19

7.42 Bed

haust N. [hˈɑust] n. bed ◇ Ety/364

7.43 Chair

ham N. [hˈɑm] n. (?) chair ◇ VT/45:20

7.45 Lamp

calar S. [kˈɑlɑr] n. (portable) lamp ← celerdain LotR/V:I, WR/287, RC/523

8. Agriculture, Vegetation

8.12 Field (for Cultivation)

rîdh N. [rˈiːð] n. sown field, acre ◇ Ety/383, VT/46:11

8.13 Garden

sant S. [sˈɑnt] n. garden, field, yard (or other place in private ownership whether enclosed or not) ◇ VT/42:20

8.31 Sow; Seed

cordof S. [kˈɔrdɔv] n. Bot. pippin (seed of certain fruits, or more probably small red apple) ◇ SD/129-31

eredh N. [ˈɛrɛð] n. Bot. seed, germ ◇ Ety/356

8.33 Sickle; Scythe

cerch N. [kˈɛrx] n. sickle ◇ Ety/365

8.42 Grain (Generic = British Corn)

iau I N. [jˈɑu] pl. iui N. [jˈuj] n. Bot. corn ◇ Ety/399

8.51 Grass

thâr N. [θˈɑːr] n. Bot. stiff grass ◇ Ety/388

8.53 Plant

galas N. [gˈɑlɑs] n. abst. of gala-, Bot. growth, plant ◇ Ety/357

8.54 Root

solch N. [sˈɔlx] n. Bot. root (especially as edible) ◇ Ety/388

thond S. [θˈɔnd] n. Bot. root ◇ LotR/E, Letters/178

8.55 Branch

golf N. [gˈɔlv] n. Bot. branch ◇ Ety/359

8.56 Leaf

lass S. [lˈɑss] (lhass N.) n. Bot. leaf ◇ Ety/367, Letters/282, TC/169, X/LH

8.57 Flower

elloth S. [ˈɛl̡lɔθ] n. sing. of loth, Bot. (single) flower ◇ VT/42:18

goloth S. [gˈɔlɔθ] n. Bot. inflorescence, a head of small flowers ◇ VT/42:18 ⇒ Cf. gwaloth

gwaloth N. [gwˈɑlɔθ] n. Bot. blossom, collection of flowers ◇ Ety/370, VT/45:29 ◈ This form replaced deleted goloth in the manuscript of The Etymologies, see VT/45:29. The deleted form is however also later attested in VT/42:18 ⇒ Cf. goloth

loth S. [lˈɔθ] (lhoth N.) n. Bot. flower, inflorescence, a head of sm