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1. pos
Prototype: pos
Selection axis: //entry[gramGrp/pos]
1.1. article
Template: article
Expansion pattern: //entry[contains(gramGrp/pos, 'art.')]
en S. [ɛn] art. of the (genitival article) ◇ LotR/VI:IV, Letters/308 ◇ i+na (?)
i S., N. [i] pl. in S., N. [in] art. and pron. rel. 1. the ○ 2. who ◇ Ety/361, SD/129-31, Letters/308, Letters/417
1.2. noun
Template: noun
Expansion rule: $noun ::= //entry[starts-with(gramGrp/pos, 'n.')]
1.2.1. gender
Prototype: gender
Selection axis: $noun[gramGrp/gen]
1.2.1.1. masculine
Template: masculine
Expansion pattern: $noun[gramGrp/gen = 'm.']
ada N. [ˈɑdɑ] n. m. hypo. of adar, father, daddy ◇ Ety/349
adar S., N. [ˈɑdɑr] pl. edair S. [ˈɛdɑjr] (eder N., edeir N.) n. m. father ◇ Ety/349, PM/324, MR/373, LotR/II:II, VT/44:21-22, X/EI
atheg S. [ˈɑθɛg] n. m. dim. of adar, 1. "litte father" ○ 2. Biol. thumb (Elvish play-name used by and taught to children) ◇ VT/48:6,17
benn N. [bˈɛnn] n. m. man, male ◇ Ety/352, VT/45:9 ◇ "husband"
brannon N. [brˈɑnnɔn] n. m. lord ◇ Ety/351
*cirion S. [kˈiri.ɔn] n. m. shipman, sailor ← Cirion (name)
condir S. [kˈɔndir] n. m. mayor ◇ SD/129-31 ◇ caun+dîr
curunír S. [kˈurunˌiːr] (curunir N.) n. m. man of craft, wizard ◇ Ety/366, LotR/III:VIII, LotR/B, VT/45:24 ◇ curu+dîr "man of skill"
dîr N. [dˈiːr] n. m. Arch. man, referring to an adult male (elf, mortal, or of any other speaking race) ◇ Ety/354, Ety/352
ellon S. [ˈɛl̡lɔn] n. m. elf ◇ WJ/363-364
erchamon S. n. m. one-handed man ◇ VT/47:7, X/Z
*faron N. [fˈɑrɔn] n. m. hunter ← Elfaron Ety/387
firion S. [fˈiri.ɔn] n. m. mortal man ◇ WJ/387
gwador N. [gwˈɑdɔr] pl. gwedeir N. n. m. brother (especially used of those not brothers by blood, but sworn brothers or associates) ◇ Ety/394
hadron N. [hˈɑdrɔn] n. m. Mil. thrower (of spears and darts) ◇ Ety/363
hanar S. [hˈɑnɑr] n. m. brother ◇ VT/47:14
hawn S. [hˈɑwn] n. m. Arch. brother ◇ VT/47:14 ⇒ Cf. hanar
*herdir S. [hˈɛrdir] n. m. master ← i-Cherdir SD/129-31 ◇ hîr+dîr
heron N. [hˈɛrɔn] n. m. master ◇ VT/45:22
hervenn N. [hˈɛrvɛn] (herven N.) n. m. husband ◇ Ety/352, Ety/364, X/ND4 ◇ hîr+benn
hîr S., N. [hˈiːr] n. m. master, lord ◇ Ety/364, S/432, SD/129-31, Letters/382, LB/354, VT/45:22
honeg S. [hˈɔnɛg] n. m. dim. of hawn, 1. "litte brother" ○ 2. Biol. middle finger (Elvish play-name used by and taught to children) ◇ VT/48:6,16-17 ◈ Given as honig in VT/47:14, but see VT/48:17 n. 13 for discussion ⇒ Cf. toleg
ion S. [jˈɔn] (ionn N.) n. m. 1. son ○ 2. by ext., scion, male descendant ◇ Ety/400, MR/373, X/ND1, X/ND2 ◈ For the second meaning, cf. Hadorion, a Húrin's epithet in WJ/294, Hurinionath referring to the house of Húrin the Steward in PM/202-3,218, and Gil-Galad's epithet Ereinion, cf. also the gloss of the old Qenya cognate yondo "descendant of" in PE/12:106, or the use of the same suffix in later Quenya names such as Isildurioni and Anárioni "Heirs of Isildur (resp. Anárion)" in PM/192,196
meldir N. [mˈɛl̡dir] n. m. friend ◇ Ety/372 ◇ mell+dîr
melethron N. [mɛlˈɛθrɔn] n. m. lover ◇ Ety/372
muindor N. [mˈujndɔr] pl. muindyr N. [mˈujndyr] n. m. brother ◇ Ety/394 ◇ muin+tôr
odhron N. [ˈɔðrɔn] n. m. parent ◇ Ety/379
randír S. [rˈɑndiːr] (rhandir N.) n. m. wanderer, pilgrim ◇ Ety/383, VT/42:13, X/RH
tôr N. [tˈɔːr] pl. terein N. n. m. Arch. brother ◇ Ety/394, X/Z ◈ The word muindor is more usual
1.2.1.2. feminine
Template: feminine
Expansion pattern: $noun[gramGrp/gen = 'f.']
adaneth S. [ˈɑdɑnɛθ] n. f. (mortal) woman ◇ MR/349 ◇ adan+-eth
*arwen S. [ˈɑrwɛn] n. f. noble woman ← Arwen (name) LotR ◇ ar-+gwend
besoneth S. n. f. bread-giver ◇ PM/404-405, X/Z ◈ See bass for a discussion regarding this word ◇ bass+oneth
bereth S., N. [bˈɛrɛθ] n. f. queen, spouse ◇ Ety/351, RGEO/74
bess S., N. [bˈɛss] n. f. 1. (young) woman ○ 2. wife ◇ Ety/352, SD/129-31
besain S. n. f. bread-giver ◇ PM/404-405, X/Z ◈ See bass for a discussion regarding this word
brennil N. [brˈɛnnil̡] n. f. lady ◇ Ety/351
dess N. [dˈɛss] n. f. young woman ◇ Ety/375
dî N. [dˈiː] n. f. Poet. woman, lady ◇ Ety/352, Ety/354
dîs N. [dˈiːs] n. f. bride ◇ Ety/352, Ety/375
elleth S. [ˈɛl̡lɛθ] n. f. elf-maid ◇ WJ/148, WJ/256, WJ/363-364
emel S. [ˈɛmɛl] (emmel S.) n. f. mother ◇ Emeldir S/155, VT/48:17
emig S. [ˈɛmig] n. f. dim. of emel, 1. "litte mother" ○ 2. Biol. index finger (Elvish play-name used by and taught to children) ◇ VT/48:6,17
emil N. [ˈɛmil] n. f. Poet. mother ◇ VT/45:5
fíriel S. [fˈiri.ɛl̡] (firiel N.) n. f. mortal maid ◇ Ety/382, PM/195, PM/232
firieth S. [fˈiri.ɛθ] n. f. mortal woman ◇ WJ/387 ◇ fair+-eth (PHIR)
gwathel N. [gwˈɑθɛl̡] pl. gwethil N. [gwˈɛθil̡] n. f. sister, associate ◇ Ety/392
gwend N. [gwˈɛnd] (gwenn N.) n. f. maiden ◇ Ety/398, X/ND1
hervess N. [hˈɛrvɛs] (herves N.) n. f. wife ◇ Ety/352, Ety/364 ◇ hîr+bess
*heryn S. [hˈɛryn] n. f. lady ← Roheryn S/436 ◇ hîr+dî
hiril N. [hˈiril̡] n. f. lady ◇ Ety/364
iell N. [jˈɛl̡l] n. f. 1. daughter ○ 2. girl, maid ◇ Ety/385, Ety/400 ◈ Stated to be an alteration of sell, remodelled after ion "son" (OS *jondo). It was "a change assisted by the loss of s in compounds and patronymics", hence the ending -iel in several feminine words
lhethril N. n. f. hearer, listener, eavesdropper ◇ VT/45:26, X/LH
meldis N. [mˈɛl̡dis] n. f. friend ◇ Ety/372 ◇ mell+dîs
melethril N. [mɛlˈɛθril̡] n. f. lover ◇ Ety/372
muinthel N. [mˈujnθɛl̡] pl. muinthil N. [mˈujnθil̡] n. f. sister ◇ Ety/392 ◇ muin+thêl
neth S. [nˈɛθ] n. f. 1. hypo. of nîth sister ○ 2. girl (in her teens, approaching the adult) ◇ VT/47:14-16,33, VT/48:6
nethig S. [nˈɛθig] n. f. dim. of neth, 1. "litte sister" ○ 2. Biol. ring finger (Elvish play-name used by and taught to children) ◇ VT/47:14, VT/47:38-39, VT/48:6,17 ◈ First given in the manuscript as netheg in VT/47:14-15, but see especially VT/48:17 n. 13 for discussion
nîth S. [nˈiːθ] n. f. sister ◇ VT/47:14
odhril N. [ˈɔðril̡] n. f. parent ◇ Ety/379
*oneth S. [ˈɔnɛθ] n. f. giver ← besoneth PM/404-05
rhîs N. n. f. queen ◇ Ety/383, X/RH
sell N. [sˈɛl̡l] n. f. 1. daughter ○ 2. girl, maid (child) ◇ Ety/385
thêl N. [θˈɛːl] pl. thelei N. n. f. sister ◇ Ety/392
*toniel S. [tˈɔni.ɛl̡] n. f. kindler ← Gilthoniel LotR/II:I, LotR/IV:X, RGEO/72-74
1.2.2. register
Prototype: register
Selection axis: $noun[gramGrp/usg[@type = 'reg']]
1.2.2.1. abstract
Template: abstract
Expansion pattern: $noun[gramGrp/usg[@type = 'reg'] = 'abst.']
oegas N. pl. oeges N. n. abst. of aeg, Geog. mountain peak ◇ Ety/349, X/OE
bellas N. [bˈɛl̡lɑs] n. abst. of belt, bodily strength ◇ Ety/352
bregolas N. [brˈɛgɔlɑs] n. abst. of bregol, fierceness ◇ Ety/352
*cannas N. [kˈɑnnɑs] n. abst. of cant, shaping ← Dorgannas WJ/192, WJ/206
certhas S. [kˈɛrθɑs] n. abst. of certh, Ling. runic alphabet, rune-rows ◇ LotR/E ◇ certh+-as
faras N. [fˈɑrɑs] n. abst. of fara-, hunting ◇ Ety/387
fennas S. [fˈɛnnɑs] n. abst. of fen, doorway, gateway ◇ LotR/II:IV, RS/463, RGEO/75
galas N. [gˈɑlɑs] n. abst. of gala-, Bot. growth, plant ◇ Ety/357
gammas N. [gˈɑmmɑs] n. abst. of gamp, Ling. s-sign (special sign used to mark a final -s in Tengwar) ◇ VT/45:14
gonathras N. [gɔnˈɑθrɑs] n. abst. of gonathra-, entanglement ◇ Ety/375
hannas N. [hˈɑnnɑs] n. abst. of hand, understanding, intelligence ◇ Ety/363
hobas N. [hˈɔbɑs] n. abst. of hûb, harbourage ◇ Ety/364
iavas S. [jˈɑvɑs] n. abst. of iau, Cal. season of autumn ◇ LotR/D
ínias N. [ˈiːni.ɑs] n. abst. of în, annals ◇ Ety/400
innas S. [ˈinnɑs] n. abst. of ind, will ◇ VT/44:21,26
lammas S. [lˈɑmmɑs] (lhammas N.) n. abst. of lam, Ling. account of tongues ◇ LR/167, WJ/206, WJ/393, X/LH
maenas N. [mˈɑɛnɑs] n. abst. of maen, craft ◇ Ety/371
minas S. [mˈinɑs] (minnas N.) n. abst. 1. tower ○ 2. by ext., fort, city with a citadel and central watch-tower ◇ Ety/373, S/434, VT/42:24
moeas N. [mˈɔɛ.ɑs] n. abst. of moe, dough ◇ Ety/371
nadhras N. [nˈɑðrɑs] n. abst. of nadhor, pasture ◇ Ety/374
ovras N. [ˈɔvrɑs] n. abst. of ovor, crowd, heap. ◇ Ety/396
panas N. [pˈɑnɑs] n. abst. of pân, floor ◇ Ety/380
pennas N. [pˈɛnnɑs] n. abst. of pent, history, historical account ◇ Ety/366, WJ/192, WJ/206
rammas S. [rˈɑmmɑs] n. abst. of ram, (great) wall ◇ LotR/V:I, LotR/Index
sarnas N. [sˈɑrnɑs] n. abst. of sarn, cairn, pile of stones ◇ LR/406
sennas S. [sˈɛnnɑs] n. abst. of send, guesthouse ◇ RC/523 ◇ "resting place", from *send, *senn (SED) ?
tarias N. [tˈɑri.ɑs] n. abst. stiffness, toughness, difficulty ◇ Ety/390
thamas N. [θˈɑmɑs] (thambas N.) n. abst. of tham, great hall ◇ Ety/387
thinnas N. [θˈinnɑs] n. abst. of thent, Ling. lit. "shortness" (name of a mark indicating short quality of vowel) ◇ Ety/388
tobas N. [tˈɔbɑs] n. abst. of toba-, roofing, roof ◇ Ety/394, VT/46:19
1.2.2.2. diminutive
Template: diminutive
Expansion pattern: $noun[gramGrp/usg[@type = 'reg'] = 'dim.']
atheg S. [ˈɑθɛg] n. m. dim. of adar, 1. "litte father" ○ 2. Biol. thumb (Elvish play-name used by and taught to children) ◇ VT/48:6,17
emig S. [ˈɛmig] n. f. dim. of emel, 1. "litte mother" ○ 2. Biol. index finger (Elvish play-name used by and taught to children) ◇ VT/48:6,17
gwinig S. [gwˈinig] n. dim. 1. "litte baby" ○ 2. Biol. little finger (Elvish play-name used by and taught to children) ◇ VT/48:6,16-17
honeg S. [hˈɔnɛg] n. m. dim. of hawn, 1. "litte brother" ○ 2. Biol. middle finger (Elvish play-name used by and taught to children) ◇ VT/48:6,16-17 ◈ Given as honig in VT/47:14, but see VT/48:17 n. 13 for discussion ⇒ Cf. toleg
lebig S. [lˈɛbig] n. dim. Biol. little finger ◇ VT/48:5,15 ⇒ Cf. niged
naugol N. [nˈɑugl̩] (naugl N.) pl. nauglin S. [nˈauglin] n. dim. of naug, dwarf ◇ Ety/375
nethig S. [nˈɛθig] n. f. dim. of neth, 1. "litte sister" ○ 2. Biol. ring finger (Elvish play-name used by and taught to children) ◇ VT/47:14, VT/47:38-39, VT/48:6,17 ◈ First given in the manuscript as netheg in VT/47:14-15, but see especially VT/48:17 n. 13 for discussion
nogotheg S. [nˈɔgɔθɛg] n. dim. of nogoth, Pop. lit. "dwarflet", a name of the Petty-Dwarves ◇ WJ/388
toleg S. [tˈɔlɛg] (tolch S.) n. dim. 1. (?) "litte prominent one" ○ 2. Biol. middle finger (Elvish play-name used by and taught to children) ◇ VT/48:6,16-17 ⇒ Cf. honeg
1.2.2.3. augmentative
Template: augmentative
Expansion pattern: $noun[gramGrp/usg[@type = 'reg'] = 'augm.']
aearon S. [ˈɑɛ.ɑrɔn] n. augm. of aear, Geog. great sea, ocean ◈ Tolkien changed this word several times, see gaearon
annon S., N. [ˈɑnnɔn] pl. ennyn S., N. [ˈɛnnyn] n. augm. great door or gate ◇ Ety/348, S/428, LotR/II:IV, TAI/150
ardhon S. [ˈɑrðɔn] n. augm. of ardh, 1. Geog. great region, province ○ 2. by ext., world ← Calenardhon S/386, PM/348
gaearon S. [gˈɑɛ.ɑrɔn] (gaeron S.) n. augm. of gaear, Geog. great sea, ocean ◇ PM/363, PM/348, RGEO/72-73
mirion N. [mˈiri.ɔn] pl. miruin N. [mˈirujn] n. augm. of mîr, Theo. great jewel, Silmaril ◇ Ety/373 ⇒ Cf. golovir, silevril
sirion N. [sˈiri.ɔn] n. augm. of sîr, Geog. great river ← Sirion Ety/385
1.2.2.4. hypocoristic
Template: hypocoristic
Expansion pattern: $noun[gramGrp/usg[@type = 'reg'] = 'hypo.']
ada N. [ˈɑdɑ] n. m. hypo. of adar, father, daddy ◇ Ety/349
nana N. [nˈɑnɑ] n. hypo. mother, mummy ◇ Ety/348, Ety/374
1.2.3. number
Prototype: number
Selection axis: $noun[gramGrp/number]
1.2.3.1. singulative
Template: singulative
Expansion pattern: $noun[gramGrp/number = 'sing.']
elloth S. [ˈɛl̡lɔθ] n. sing. of loth, Bot. (single) flower ◇ VT/42:18 ◇ er- + loth
filigod N. [fˈiligɔd] n. sing. of fileg, Orn. small bird ◇ Ety/381
glamog S. [glˈɑmɔg] n. sing. of glam, Pop. an Orc, "a yelling one" ◇ WJ/390
gwanunig S. [gwˈɑnunig] n. sing. of gwanûn, a twin (one of a pair of twins) ◇ WJ/367
lhewig N. [ɬˈɛwig] n. sing. of lhaw, Biol. ear ◇ Ety/368, LotR/II:IX ◇ lhaw+-ig
lotheg S. [lˈɔθɛg] n. sing. of loth, Bot. (single) flower ◇ VT/42:18 ◇ loth + -eg
lothod N. [lˈɔθɔd] (lhothod N.) n. sing. of loth, Bot. (single) flower ◇ VT/45:29, X/LH ⇒ Cf. lotheg
1.2.3.2. class plural
Template: class plural
Expansion pattern: $noun[gramGrp/number = 'class pl.']
anfangrim S. [ɑnfˈɑŋgrim] n. class pl. of anfang, Pop. the Longbeards (a tribe of Dwarves) ◇ WJ/322 ◇ anfang+rim
aphadrim S. [ɑffˈɑdrim] n. class pl. of aphadon, Pop. followers, men (elvish name for men) ◇ WJ/387 ◇ aphad-+rim
danwaith S. [dˈɑnwɑjθ] n. class pl. Pop. the Nandor (a tribe of Elves) ◇ WJ/385 ◇ dan+gwaith
denwaith S. [dˈɛnwɑjθ] n. class pl. Pop. the Nandor (a tribe of Elves), the people of Denwe ◇ WJ/385 ◇ Den(we)+gwaith
dornhoth S. [dˈɔrn.hɔθ] n. class pl. of dorn, Pop. the Dwarves, lit. "the Thrawn Folk" ◇ WJ/388 ◇ dorn+hoth
drúwaith S. [drˈuːwɑjθ] n. class pl. of drû, the wilderness of the Drû-men (q.v.) ◇ UT/385 ◇ drû+gwaith
egladhrim S. [ɛglˈɑðrim] n. class pl. of eglan, Pop. "The Forsaken", Elves of the Falathrim ◇ WJ/189, WJ/365, WJ/379 ◇ eglan+rim
falathrim S. [fɑlˈɑθrim] n. class pl. of falas, people of the Falas ◇ WJ/378 ◇ falas+rim ⇒ Cf. eglath, egladhrim
faradrim N. [fɑrˈɑdrim] n. class pl. of feredir, hunters ◇ Ety/387 ◇ farad+rim
forodrim N. [fɔrˈɔdrim] n. class pl. of forod, Pop. Northmen ◇ Ety/392 ◇ forod+rim
forodwaith N. [fɔrˈɔdwɑjθ] (forodweith N.) n. class pl. of forod, 1. Pop. Northmen ○ 2. by ext., the lands of the North ◇ Ety/382, Ety/398, X/EI ◇ forod+gwaith
galadhrim S. [gɑlˈɑðrim] n. class pl. of galadh, Pop. Elves of Lothlórien ◇ LotR ◇ galadh+rim "people of the trees"
gaurhoth S. [gˈɑur.hɔθ] n. class pl. of gaur, group of werewolves ◇ LotR/II:IV ◇ gaur+hoth "wolf-host"
gaurwaith S. [gˈɑur.wɑjθ] n. class pl. of gaur, wolf-men ◇ UT/85, UT/90 ◇ gaur+gwaith
glamhoth S., N. [glˈɑm.hɔθ] n. class pl. of glam, Pop. barbaric host of Orcs ◇ Ety/358, Ety/364, Ety/377, UT/39, UT/54, WJ/390 ◇ glam+hoth "the dinhorde, the yelling horde"
gódhellim S. [gɔːðˈɛl̡lim] n. class pl. of gódhel, Pop. "Deep Elves" or "Gnomes", the Wise Folk ◇ WJ/364 ◇ gódhel+rim
golodhrim S., N. [gɔlˈɔðrim] n. class pl. of golodh, Pop. Deep Elves, Gnomes ◇ Ety/377, WJ/323 ◇ golodh+rim
*gorthrim S. [gˈɔrθrim] n. class pl. of gorth, the dead ← [Raith >] Fui 'Ngorthrim RC/526
gwathuirim S. [gwɑθˈujrim] n. class pl. of gwathui, Pop. The Dunlendings or People of Dunland ◇ PM/330 ◇ gwathui+rim "shadowy people"
hadhodrim S. [hɑðˈɔdrim] n. class pl. of hadhod, Pop. the Dwarves (as a race) ◇ WJ/388 ◇ hadhod+rim
haradrim S. [hɑrˈɑdrim] n. class pl. of harad, Pop. southerners, "Southrons" ◇ LotR ◇ harad+rim
iathrim S. [jˈɑθrim] n. class pl. of iâth, Pop. Elves of Doriath ◇ WJ/378 ◇ iâth+rim
laegrim S. [lˈɑɛgrim] (laegeldrim S.) n. class pl. of laegel, Pop. the people of the Green Elves ◇ WJ/385 ◇ laegel+rim
Lossoth S. [lˈɔssɔθ] n. class pl. of loss, the Snowmen ◇ LotR/A, RGEO/70 ◇ loss+hoth
naugrim S. [nˈɑugrim] n. class pl. of naug, Pop. Dwarves ◇ WJ/388 ◇ naug+rim
nogothrim S. [nɔgˈɔθrim] n. class pl. of nogoth, Pop. Dwarf-folk ◇ RGEO/75, UT/318, WJ/388 ◇ nogoth+rim
nornwaith S. [nˈɔrn.wɑjθ] n. class pl. of norn, Pop. the Dwarves ◇ MR/93, MR/106 ◇ norn+gwaith
nothrim S. [nˈɔθrim] n. class pl. of nost, kindred, family, house ← Nothrim [> Nost] Finarfin PM/360 ◈ The word was rejected in favor of nost, but it may be interpreted as a valid class plural "those of the house" ◇ noss/nost + rim
ódhellim S. [ɔːðˈɛl̡lim] n. class pl. of ódhel, Pop. Deep Elves or Gnomes, the Wise Folk ◇ WJ/364 ◇ ódhel+rim
onodrim S. [ɔnˈɔdrim] n. class pl. of onod, Pop. the Ents, as a race ◇ Letters/224, TC/165 ◇ onod+rim
orchoth S. [ˈɔrxɔθ] n. class pl. of orch, Pop. the Orcs (as a race) ◇ WJ/390 ◇ orch+hoth
orodrim N. [ɔrˈɔdrim] n. class pl. of orod, Geog. range of mountains ◇ Ety/379 ◇ orod+rim
rochirrim S. [rɔxˈirrim] n. class pl. of rochir, horse-lords, the people of Rohan ◇ LotR, etc. ◇ rochir+rim
tawarwaith S. [tɑwˈɑrwɑjθ] n. class pl. of tawar, Pop. Silvan elves ◇ UT/256 ◇ tawar+gwaith "forest-elves"
telerrim S. [tɛlˈɛrrim] n. class pl. of teler, Pop. the Teleri, a tribe of Elves ◇ PM/385 ◇ teler+rim
1.2.3.3. collective
Template: collective
Expansion pattern: $noun[gramGrp/number = 'coll.']
adanath S. [ˈɑdɑnɑθ] n. coll. of adan, men ◇ MR/373
conath S. [kˈɔnɑθ] n. coll. of caun, 1. many voices ○ 2. by ext., lamentation ◇ PM/361-362
dagorath S. [dˈɑgɔrɑθ] n. coll. of dagor, all the battles ◇ UT/395-396
drúath S. [drˈuːɑθ] n. coll. of drû, Pop. the people of the Drû, the Woses ◇ UT/385
dúath S., N. [dˈuːɑθ] (dúwath N.) n. coll. of dû, 1. darkness, shadow ○ 2. nightshade ◇ Ety/354, S/430 ◇ Either the collective plural of dû, or a compound dû+gwath "night shade" (hence dúwath)
eglath S. [ˈɛglɑθ] n. coll. of egol, Pop. "The Forsaken", Elves of the Falathrim ◇ WJ/189, WJ/344 ⇒ Cf. egladhrim
elenath S. [ˈɛlɛnɑθ] n. coll. of êl, starry host, all the host of the stars of heaven ◇ LotR/II:I, RGEO/73-75, WJ/363
ennorath S. [ˈɛnnɔrɑθ] n. coll. of ennor, central lands, middle-earth ◇ LotR/E, LotR/II:I, RGEO/72-75
firiath S. [fˈiri.ɑθ] n. coll. of feir, mortals, human beings ◇ WJ/219, WJ/387
giliath S., N. [gˈili.ɑθ] n. coll. of gil/geil, all the host of stars ◇ Ety/358, RC/232
ionnath S. [jˈɔnnɑθ] n. coll. of ion, all the sons ◇ SD/129-31
lamath S. [lˈɑmɑθ] n. coll. of lam, echoing voices ◇ PM/349
*liniath N. [lˈini.ɑθ] n. coll. of lhîn, pools ← Hithliniath WJ/194
lonnath S. [lˈɔnnɑθ] n. coll. of lond, havens ◇ WR/294, WR/370
*menniath N. [m'ɛnni.ɑθ] n. coll. of ment, 1. many points ○ 2. Geog. by ext., range of mountains ← Mornvenniath TI/124, Lambengolmor/799
naglath N. [nˈɑglɑθ] n. coll. of nagol, Biol. the teeth ◇ WR/122
penneth S. [pˈɛnnɛθ] n. coll. of pend, ridges, group of downs ◇ RC/525 ⇒ Cf. pinnath
periannath S. [pˌɛri.ˈɑnnɑθ] n. coll. of perian, Pop. the Hobbits, Halflings ◇ LotR/VI:IV, LotR/E-F, RGEO/75, Letters/308
pinnath S. [pˈinnɑθ] n. coll. of pend, ridges, group of downs ◇ LotR/Index, RC/525 ◇ Formed from the plural pinn ⇒ Cf. penneth
sammath S. [sˈɑmmɑθ] n. coll. of sam, chambers ◇ LotR/VI:III, S/435
sellath S. [sˈɛl̡lɑθ] n. coll. of sell, all the daughters ◇ SD/129-31
siniath N. [sˈini.ɑθ] n. coll. news, tidings ◇ Ety/385
thoronath S. [θˈɔrɔnɑθ] n. coll. of thoron, eagles ◇ S/387, S/438
1.2.3.4. dual
Template: dual
Expansion pattern: $noun[gramGrp/number = 'dual pl.']
*galadhad S. [gˈɑlɑðɑd] n. dual pl. of galadh, Theo. the Two Trees of Valinor ← Orgaladhad LotR/D
hent N. [hˈɛnt] n. dual pl. of hen, Biol. the two eyes (referring to one person's eyes) ◇ VT/45:22
nobad S. [nˈɔbɑd] n. dual pl. of nawb, Biol. the pair of fingers composed of the thumb and the index (grouped together as in the act of picking something) ◇ VT/48:5,16 ⇒ Cf. nawb, lebdas
samarad S. [sˈɑmɑrɑd] n. dual pl. of sammar, two neighbours ◇ VT/48:20
1.3. derivative
Template: derivative
Expansion pattern: //entry[gramGrp/pos = 'der.']
*erchion N. [ˈɛrxi.ɔn] der. pl. of orch ← Annerchion TI/114
eregion S., N. [ɛrˈɛgi.ɔn] der. pl. of ereg ← Eregion Ety/356, LotR, UT
galadhon S. [gˈɑlɑðɔn] der. pl. of galadh ← Caras Galadhon LotR/II:VII, LotR/F, UT/425
*gilion S. [gˈili.ɔn] der. pl. of gil ← Orgilion LotR/D
*gwethion N. [gwˈɛθi.ɔn] der. pl. of gwath ← Eredwethion TI/345, Ety/379, Ety/397
*gwinion S., N. [gwˈini.ɔn] der. pl. of gwîn ← Dorwinion LotR/Map, LB/11,26,17,112, LR/334,338, H/IX
*ningloron S. [nˈiŋglɔrɔn] der. pl. of ninglor ← Loeg Ningloron UT/281, UT/450
rhovanion S. [ɹ̥ɔvˈɑni.ɔn] der. pl. of rhovan ← Rhovanion LotR/Map
*sirion S. [siri.ɔn] der. pl. of sîr ← Nanduhirion LotR
*thonion S., N. [θɔni.ɔn] der. pl. of thôn ← Dorthonion S/390, S/438, Ety/392
1.4. gerund
Template: gerund
Expansion pattern: //entry[gramGrp/pos = 'ger.']
aderthad S. [ɑdˈɛrθɑd] ger. of adertha-, reuniting, reunion ◇ S/409 ◇ OS *atertʰata
avad S. [ˈɑvɑd] ger. of ava-, refusal, reluctance ◇ WJ/371
*bronad N. [brˈɔnɑd] ger. of brona-, survival ← bronadui Ety/353
cabed S. [kˈɑbɛd] ger. of cab-, 1. leap ○ 2. by ext., deep gorge ◇ S/386, WJ/100 ◈ Emended by Tolkien from earlier cabad. This is our sole late example that basic verbs should perhaps form their gerund in -ed, whereas derived verbs are well attested to use -ad (cf. aderthad)
calad S., N. [kˈɑlɑd] ger. light ◇ Ety/362, UT/65
*cared N. [kˈɑrɛd] ger. of car-, making, doing ← ceredir Ety/354
*cened N. [kˈɛnɛd] ger. of cen-, seeing, sight ← cenedril TI/184
*edlothiad (corr. edlothiand) S. [ɛdlˈɔθi.ɑd] ger. of edlothia-, blossoming, flowering ← edlothiand WR/293 ◈ Actually, edlothiand might be a misreading, according to David Salo who checked the original manuscript at Marquette and reported that his reading was unmistakably edlothiad
eithad S. [ˈɛjθɑd] ger. of eitha-, insult ◇ WJ/365
*erthad S. [ˈɛrθɑd] ger. of ertha-, union, uniting ← Aderthad S/409
*farad N. [fˈɑrɑd] ger. of fara-, hunting ← faradrim Ety/387
gawad N. [gˈɑwɑd] ger. of gaw-, howling ◇ Ety/377
genediad S. [gɛnˈɛdi.ɑd] ger. of genedia-, 1. reckoning ○ 2. by ext., calendar ◇ SD/129-31
hammad N. [hˈɑmmɑd] ger. of hamma-, clothing ◇ Ety/363
harthad S. [hˈɑrθɑd] ger. of hartha-, hope ◇ SD/62
heniad N. [hˈɛni.ɑd] ger. of henia-, understanding, intelligence ◇ VT/45:21
*luithiad S. [lˈujθi.ɑd] ger. of luithia-, quenching ← uluithiad SD/62
nestad N. [nˈɛstɑd] ger. of nesta-, healing ◇ WR/379-80
orthad S. [ˈɔrθɑd] ger. of ortha-, rising ◇ MR/373
suilad S. [sˈujlɑd] ger. of suila-, greeting ◇ SD/129-31
suilannad S. [sujlˈɑnnɑd] ger. of suilanna-, greeting, giving of greetings ◇ SD/129-31
tírad S. [tˈiːrɑd] ger. of tíra-, to see, for the seing ◇ SD/129-31
1.5. conjunction
Template: conjunction
Expansion pattern: //entry[gramGrp/pos = 'conj.']
a S. [ɑ] (ar S.) conj. and ◇ LotR/II:IV, LotR/VI:IV, S/428, SD/129-31, LB/354, Letters/308 ◈ See ah for the form that this conjunction might take before a vowel
egor S. [ˈɛgɔr] conj. or ◇ SD/129-31
ir S. [ˈir] conj. (?) when ◇ LB/354 ◈ This word is not translated. It could be related to Quenya íre "when". Some scholars also consider that it could be the form taken by the article i before a vowel, on a pattern similar to ah. To this respect, it might be interesting to note the ir was the allative/dative form of the article in the old Gnomish lexicon, PE/11:9
sui S. [sˈuj] conj. as, like ◇ VT/44:21,27
1.6. preposition
Template: preposition
Expansion pattern: //entry[gramGrp/pos = 'prep.']
adel N. [ɑdɛl̡] prep. behind, in rear (of) ◇ Ety/392
am N. [ɑm] prep. up, upwards, upon ◇ Ety/348
an S. [ɑn] prep. to, towards, for ◇ LotR/II:IV, UT/39, SD/129-31 ◈ With suffixed article and elision in aglar'ni Pheriannath
athan S. [ɑθɑn] prep. beyond ◇ SD/62
ben S. [bɛn] prep. according to the, in the ◇ SD/129-31 ◇ OS *be, with suffixed article (?)
bo S. [bɔ] prep. on ◇ VT/44:21,26
dan S. [dɑn] prep. 1. against ○ 2. etym. back ◇ LotR/II:IV
erin S. [ɛrin] prep. on the ◇ SD/129-31 ◇ or+i, MS *œrin
mîn S. [mˈiːn] (min- S.) prep. (in) between (referring to a gap, space, barrier or anything intervening between two other things) ← Minhiriath LotR/Map, VT/47:11,14
na S., N. [nɑ] prep. 1. with, by (also used as a genitive sign) ○ 2. to, towards, at ◇ Ety/374, LotR/I:XII
ned S. [nɛd] prep. (uncertain meaning) in, of (about time, e.g. giving a date) ◇ SD/129-31 ◈ [Another possible interpretation: "another, one more" (related to Q. net(e)), VT/47:40]
nef S. [nɛv] prep. on this side of ◇ LotR/II:I, RGEO/72
nu S., N. [nu] (no N.) prep. under ◇ Ety/378, etc. ◈ With suffixed article, see also nuin
nuin S., N. [nujn] prep. under the ◇ Ety/378, etc. ◇ nu+i
o S., N. [ɔ] (od S.) prep. from, of (preposition (as a proclitic) used in either direction, from or to the point of view of the speaker) ◇ Ety/360, WJ/366, WJ/369-70, LotR/II:IV, SD/129-31, RGEO/72 ◈ According to WJ/366, the preposition "is normally o in all positions, though od appears occasionally before vowels, especially before o-". With a suffixed article, see also uin
o N. [ɔ] prep. about, concerning ◇ Ety/378 ◈ The Etymologies state that h- is prefixed to the word following this preposition, when it begins with a vowel: o Hedhil "concerning the Elves". Some scholars consider that this rule is not valid in Sindarin, but that the preposition would perhaps become oh in such a case (hence oh Edhil, to be compared with ah in Athrabeth Finrod ah Andreth)
or N. [ɔr] prep. above, over ◇ Ety/379
*pen S. [pɛn] prep. without, lacking, -less ← Iarwain ben-adar LotR/II:II
trî N. [trˈiː] prep. through ◇ Ety/392
uin S. [ujn] prep. of the ◇ SD/129-31 ◇ o+i
vi S. [vi] prep. in ◇ VT/44:21,27
1.7. adverb
Template: adverb
Expansion pattern: //entry[gramGrp/pos = 'adv.']
ambenn N. [ˈɑmbɛnn] (ambend N., amben N.) adv. uphill, sloping upwards ◇ Ety/348, Ety/380, X/ND3, X/ND4 ◇ am+pend
anann S. [ˈɑnɑnn] adv. long, for a long time ◇ LotR/VI:IV, Letters/308 ◇ an+and, OS *ananda
dad N. [dˈɑd] adv. down, downwards ◇ Ety/354
dadbenn N. [dˈɑdbɛnn] (dadben N.) adv. 1. downhill, inclined ○ 2. by ext., inclined, prone (to do something) ◇ Ety/354, Ety/380, VT/46:8, X/ND4 ◇ dad+pend
edregol S. [ˈɛdrɛgl̩] adv. in especial ◇ SD/129-31
ennas S. [ˈɛnnɑs] adv. there, in that place ◇ SD/129-31
godrebh N. adv. through together ◇ TAI/150 ◇ go-+tre-+be, OS *wotrebe, CE *wo-tere-be (?)
io N. [jɔ] (ia N.) adv. ago ◇ Ety/399
lim S. [lˈim] adv. swift, swiftly ← noro lim LotR/I:XII, RS/196, RC/195 ◈ Untranslated in LotR, but written nora-lim and rendered as "ride on" in RS/196 (not a literal translation) and later translated as "run swift" in RC/195. Before the latter was published (confirming the exact translation of this adverb), Helios de Rosario Martinez had provided a thorough analysis of this word in his article "Musings on Limlight" (Tengwestie/20050107)
mae S. [mˈɑɛ] adv. well ◇ LotR/I:XII, Letters/308
palan- S. [pˈɑlɑn] adv. afar, abroad, far and wide ◇ LotR/II:I, LotR/IV:X, RGEO/72-74 ◇ Q palan
sennui S. [sˈɛnnuj] adv. (?) rather, (?) instead (used as an adverb?) ◇ SD/129-31
si S. [si] adv. now ◇ LotR/IV:X, LB/354
sí S. [sˈiː] adv. here ◇ LotR/II:I, RGEO/72
sír S. [sˈiːr] adv. today ◇ VT/44:21,27
1.8. adjective
Template: adjective
Expansion rule: $adjective ::= //entry[contains(gramGrp/pos, 'adj.')]
1.8.1. subc
Prototype: subc
Selection axis: $adjective[gramGrp/subc]
1.8.1.1. possessive
Template: possessive
Expansion pattern: $adjective[gramGrp/subc = 'poss.']
în S. [ˈiːn] adj. poss. 3rd his (referring to the subject) ◇ SD/129-31
lín S. [lˈiːn] (lin S.) adj. poss. 2nd thy (reverential) ◇ VT/44:21,24
mín S. [mˈiːn] (min S.) adj. poss. 1st pl. our ◇ VT/44:21,22,28
nín S. [nˈiːn] adj. poss. 1st my ◇ UT/40, VT/44:22 ◈ The acute accent in nín has sometimes been regarded as an error for a slanted macron in the manuscript, since all the other attested personal adjectives from Sauron defeated all have a circumflex accent. It was however noted that if the acute accent is confirmed, then this word is probably an enclitic, see HL/73. The acute accent is now confirmed by VT/44
*tîn S. [tˈiːn] adj. poss. 3rd his ← bess dîn SD/129-31
1.8.1.2. demonstrative
Template: demonstrative
Expansion pattern: $adjective[gramGrp/subc = 'dem.']
*sen S. [sɛn] pl. *sin S. [sin] adj. dem. this ← i thiw hin LotR/II:IV ◈ This demonstrative adjective is probably enclitic. We have suggested that this possibility could perhaps explain why the mutated form of tîw on the Doors of Durin is thiw instead of the expected thîw, see HL/69
1.8.2. adjnum
Prototype: adjnum
Selection axis: $adjective[gramGrp/pos]
1.8.2.1. num
Template: num
Expansion rule: $num ::= $adjective[contains(gramGrp/pos, 'num.')]
1.8.2.1.1. subc
Prototype: subc
Selection axis: $num[gramGrp/subc]
1.8.2.1.1.1. cardinal
Template: cardinal
Expansion pattern: $num[gramGrp/subc = 'card.']
caer N. [kˈɑɛr] adj. num. card. ten ◇ Ety/363 ⇒ Cf. cae, pae
canad S., N. [kˈɑnɑd] (∗canath N.) adj. num. card. four ◇ Ety/362, VT/42:24,25, VT/48:6, VT/46:3
eneg S., N. [ˈɛnɛg] adj. num. card. six ◇ Ety/356, VT/42:25,31, VT/48:6,8
leben S. [lˈɛbɛn] (lheben N.) adj. num. card. five ◇ Ety/368, TAI/150, VT/42:24-25, VT/47:10, VT/47:24, VT/48:6, X/LH
*meneg S. [mˈɛnɛg] adj. num. card. thousand ← Menegroth "thousand caves" S/409
mîn S. [mˈiːn] (min S., N. [mˈin]) adj. num. card. one (first of a series) ◇ Ety/373, VT/42:24-25, VT/48:6
minib S. [mˈinib] adj. num. card. eleven ◇ VT/48:6-8
neder S., N. [nˈɛdɛr] adj. num. card. nine ◇ Ety/376, VT/42:25, VT/48:6, PE/17:95
nêl S. [nˈɛːl] adj. num. card. three ◇ VT/42:25 ⇒ Cf. neled
neled S., N. [nˈɛlɛd] (neledh S., N.) adj. num. card. three ◇ Ety/376, TAI150, VT/48:6
odog S., N. [ˈɔdɔg] (odo S.) adj. num. card. seven ◇ Ety/379, VT/42:25, VT/47:42, VT/48:6, PE/17:95
pae S. [pˈɑɛ] adj. num. card. ten ◇ VT/42:25, VT/48:6 ⇒ Cf. cae, caer
tâd S., N. [tˈɑːd] (tad S., N.) adj. num. card. two ◇ Ety/349, Ety/391, WJ/388, VT/42:25-27, VT/48:6
toloth N. [tˈɔlɔθ] (tolodh S.) adj. num. card. eight ◇ Ety/394, VT/42:25, VT/42:31, VT/48:6 ◈ Tolkien emended toloth to tolodh, cf. VT/42:31 (and also VT/48:6). If we are to follow him, a word such as tolothen would be incorrect, unless the two forms coexisted
ýneg S. [ˈyːnɛg] (yneg S., yneb S., inib S.) adj. num. card. twelve ◇ VT/47:41, VT/48:6,8,12 ◇ Dual of *enek "six", CE yûneke, Q. yunke, T. yûnece
cae S. [kˈɑɛ] (caen- S.) adj. num. card. ten ◇ PE/17:95 ⇒ Cf. caer, pae
∗mimp S. [mˈimp] adj. num. card. eleven ◇ PE/17:95 ⇒ Cf. minib
∗imp S. [ˈimp] adj. num. card. twelve ◇ PE/17:95 ⇒ Cf. ýneg
1.8.2.1.1.2. ordinal
Template: ordinal
Expansion pattern: $num[gramGrp/subc = 'ord.']
canthui S. [kˈɑnθuj] (Arch. cantui S., Arch. canhui S.) adj. num. ord. fourth ◇ VT/42:10, VT/42:25,27
edwen S. [ˈɛdwɛn] adj. num. ord. second ◇ SD/129-31
enchui S. [ˈɛnxuj] (∗enegui S., Arch. encui S.) adj. num. ord. sixth ◇ VT/42:10,25,28
enecthui S. [ɛnˈɛkθuj] adj. num. ord. sixth ◇ VT/42:25 ⇒ Cf. enchui
lefnui S. [lˈɛvnuj] (lhefneg N.) adj. num. ord. fifth ◇ WR/436, VT/42:25, TI/312
main S. [m'ɑjn] (mein S.) adj. num. ord. first, (only in the sense of) prime, chief, pre-eminent ◇ VT/42:10, VT/42:25
minui S. [mˈinuj] adj. num. ord. first ◇ VT/42:10, VT/42:25
nail S. [nˈɑjl] (neil S.) adj. num. ord. third ◇ VT/42:25
nedrui S. [nˈɛdruj] adj. num. ord. ninth ◇ VT/42:25
nelchaenen S. [nɛl̡xˈɑɛnɛn] adj. num. ord. thirtieth ◇ SD/129-131
nelui S. [nˈɛluj] adj. num. ord. third ◇ VT/42:25
ochui S. [ˈɔxuj] adj. num. ord. seventh ◇ VT/47:42
odothui S. [ˈɔdɔθuj] adj. num. ord. seventh ◇ TI/312, WR/436, VT/42:25 ⇒ Cf. othui
othui S. [ˈɔθuj] adj. num. ord. seventh ◇ VT/42:10,25
paenui S. [pˈɑɛnuj] adj. num. ord. tenth ◇ VT/42:25
tadui S. [tˈɑduj] adj. num. ord. second ◇ VT/42:25
tollui S. [tˈɔɬuj] (Arch. tolhui S., Arch. tolthui S.) adj. num. ord. eighth ◇ VT/42:25, VT/42:27, VT/47:32, VT/42:10, Tengwestie/20031207 ⇒ Cf. tolothen
tolothen S. [tˈɔlɔθɛn] adj. num. ord. eighth ← erin dolothen SD/129-31 ⇒ Cf. tollui
*caenen S. [kˈɑɛnɛn] adj. num. ord. tenth ← nelchaenen SD/129-131 ⇒ Cf. paenui, caenui
∗caenui S. [kˈɑɛnuj] adj. num. ord. tenth ◇ VT/42:10 ⇒ Cf. paenui, caenen
∗tadeg S. [tˈɑdɛg] adj. num. ord. second ◇ VT/42:10 ⇒ Cf. tadui, edwen
∗neleg S. [nˈɛlɛg] adj. num. ord. third ◇ VT/42:10 ⇒ Cf. nail, nelui
nerthui S. [nˈɛrθuj] adj. num. ord. ninth ◇ VT/42:10 ⇒ Cf. nedrui
1.8.2.1.1.3. quantity
Template: quantity
Expansion pattern: $num[gramGrp/subc = 'quant.']
edaid S. [ˈɛdɑjd] adj. num. quant. double ◇ VT/42:26-27
tadol N. [tˈɑdɔl] adj. num. quant. double ◇ Ety/391
1.9. pronoun
Template: pronoun
Expansion pattern: //entry[contains(gramGrp/pos, 'pron.')]
ai S. [ɑj] pron. rel. for those who ◇ VT/44:21,30
ammen S. [ˈɑmmɛn] pron. 1st pl. of us, for us, toward us ◇ LotR/II:IV, LB/354, VT/44:21,27 ◇ an+men
anim S. [ˈɑnim] pron. 1st for myself ◇ LotR/A(v) ◇ an+im ⇒ Cf. enni
e S. [ɛ] pron. 3rd he ◇ SD/129-31 ◈ The meaning "he" is deduced from the apparent function of this word in the so-called "King's Letter", but it also seems possible to interpret it as "indeed" (as in Q. e, LR/63, VT/45:11), used here in a way of formal address expressing the wishes or the will of the King
enni S. [ˈɛnni] pron. 1st to me ◇ VT/41:11 ◇ an+ni ⇒ Cf. enni
ha N. [hɑ] (hana N.) pl. hain S. [hɑjn] (hein N.) pron. 3rd it ◇ Ety/385, LotR/II:IV, X/EI
he N. [hɛ] (hen N., hene N.) pl. hîn N. [hiːn] pron. 3rd f. she ◇ Ety/385
ho N. [hɔ] (hon N., hono N.) pl. huin N. pron. 3rd m. he ◇ Ety/385, X/Z
i S., N. [i] pl. in S., N. [in] art. and pron. rel. 1. the ○ 2. who ◇ Ety/361, SD/129-31, Letters/308, Letters/417
im S. [ˈim] pron. 1st I ◇ LotR/II:IV, LB/354, VT/47:14,37-38 ◈ In late writings (see esp. VT/47:37-38), Tolkien reinterpreted this form as a reflexive pronoun (= "self").
le S. [lɛ] pron. 2nd to thee (reverential) ◇ LotR/II:I, LotR/IV:X, RGEO/72-73, Letters/278, LB/354
man S. [mɑn] pron. (?) what? ◇ TL/21:09
men S., N. [mˈɛn] pron. 1st pl. us ← ammen LotR/II:IV, LB/354, tiro men VT/45:37
mín S. [mˈiːn] pron. us ◇ VT/44:21,28
nin S. [nin] pron. me ◇ LotR/IV:X, RGEO/72
pen S. [pɛn] pron. one, somebody, anybody ◇ WJ/376 ◈ Usually enclitic and mutated as ben
*ten S. [dɛn] pron. (?) it (as object) ← caro den VT/44:21,25-6
*ti S. [ti] pron. them ← i gohenam di ai VT/44:21,30
1.10. auxiliary
Template: auxiliary
Expansion pattern: //entry[gramGrp/pos = 'aux.']
ava- S. [ˈɑvɑ] aux. will not
1.11. verb
Template: verb
Expansion rule: $verb ::= //entry[gramGrp/pos = 'v.']
1.11.1. bad code hack
Prototype: bad code hack
Selection axis: $verb[not(gramGrp/tns) and not(gramGrp/mood)]
1.11.1.1. stem (infinive, past tense)
Template: stem (infinive, past tense)
Expansion pattern: $verb[not(gramGrp/tns) and not(gramGrp/mood)]
*adertha- S. [ɑdˈɛrθɑ] v. to reunite ← Aderthad S/409 ◇ ad- + ertʰa- "to make one again", OS *atertʰa-
*atlanna- N. inf. atlanno N. v. to slope, slant ◇ Ety/390, X/TL
*adleg- N. [ˈɑdlɛg] inf. adlegi N. [ˈɑdlɛgi] pa. t. adlenc N. [ˈɑdlɛŋk] v. Arch., Poet. to loose, let loose, release ◇ VT/45:27
*anglenna- S. [ɑŋglˈɛnnɑ] v. to approach ← anglennatha SD/129-31 ◇ an+*glenna-, OS *añglenna-, CE *angledna-
aníra- S. [ɑnˈiːrɑ] v. to desire ◇ SD/129-31 ◇ an+*íra- or *níra- (?) OS *anîra-
*anna- N. [ˈɑnnɑ] inf. anno N. [ˈɑnnɔ] v. to give ◇ Ety/348
aphad- S. [ˈɑffɑd] v. to follow ◇ WJ/387 ◈ In WJ/387, the verbal stem is given as aphad-, and the etymology as *ap-pata. If we follow the latter, the verb should perhaps read aphada- ◇ ab-+pad- "to walk behind, on a track or path"
*athrada- N. [ˈɑθrɑdɑ] inf. athrado N. [ˈɑθrɑdɔ] v. to cross, traverse ◇ Ety/383 ◇ ath-+rada-
awartha- N. [ɑwˈɑrθɑ] v. to forsake, abandon ◇ Ety/397
banga- N. [bˈɑŋgɑ] v. to trade ◇ Ety/372
*bartha- N. [bˈɑrθɑ] inf. bartho N. [bˈɑrθɔ] v. to doom ◇ Ety/372
*batha- N. [bˈɑθɑ] inf. batho N. [bˈɑθɔ] v. to trample ◇ Ety/352
*baugla- N. [bˈɑuglɑ] inf. bauglo N. [bˈɑuglɔ] v. to oppress ◇ Ety/372
*beria- N. [bˈɛri.ɑ] inf. berio N. [bˈɛri.ɔ] v. to protect ◇ Ety/351
*bertha- N. [bˈɛrθɑ] inf. bertho N. [bˈɛrθɔ] v. to dare ◇ Ety/352
*blab- N. [blˈɑb] inf. blebi N. [blˈɛbi] v. to beat, batter, flap (wings, etc.) ◇ Ety/380
boda- S. [bˈɔdɑ] v. to ban, prohibit ◇ WJ/372
*breitha- N. [brˈɛjθɑ] inf. breitho N. [brˈɛjθɔ] v. to break out suddenly ◇ Ety/352
*brenia- N. [brˈɛni.ɑ] inf. brenio N. [brˈɛni.ɔ] v. to endure ◇ Ety/353, VT/45:7 ◈ The form bronio in the Etymologies is a misreading according to VT/45:7
*brona- N. [brˈɔnɑ] inf. brono N. [brˈɔnɔ] v. to last, to survive ◇ Ety/353
*buia- N. [bˈuj.ɑ] inf. buio N. [bˈuj.ɔ] v. to serve, to hold allegiance to ◇ Ety/353
*cab- S. [kˈɑb] v. to leap ← cabed S/386, WJ/100
can- S. [kˈɑn] v. to cry out, shout, call ◇ PM/361-362
*car- S. [kˈɑr] irreg. pa. t. agor S. [ˈɑgɔr] v. to do ← avo garo WJ/371, WJ/415
*cen- N. [kˈɛn] v. to see ← cenedril TI/184
*critha- N. [krˈiθɑ] inf. critho N. [krˈiθɔ] v. to reap ◇ Ety/365
*cuia- S. [kˈuj.ɑ] v. to live ← cuio LotR/VI:IV, Letters/308
*cuina- N. [kˈujnɑ] inf. cuino N. [kˈujnɔ] v. to be alive ◇ Ety/366
*dag- N. [dˈɑg] inf. degi N. [dˈɛgi] pa. t. danc N. [dˈɑŋk] (degant N.) v. to slay ◇ Ety/375, VT/45:37
*dagra- N. [dˈɑgrɑ] inf. dagro N. [dˈɑgrɔ] v. to battle ◇ Ety/375
damma- N. [dˈɑmmɑ] pa. t. dammant N. [dˈɑmmant] v. to hammer ◇ Ety/375, VT/45:37 ◈ It was long considered that damna-, dammint in the Etymologies might have been misreadings. VT/45:37 confirms this, though the exact reading actually remains rather uncertain
dant- N. v. to fall ◇ Ety/354, X/Z ◈ Written dant- in the Etymologies
*dar- N. [dˈɑr] inf. deri N. [dˈɛri] v. to stay, wait, stop, remain ◇ Ety/353
dartha- N. [dˈɑrθɑ] v. to wait, stay, last, endure, remain ◇ Ety/353, VT/45:8
delia- N. [dˈɛli.ɑ] inf. delio N. [dˈɛli.ɔ] (dœlio N.) v. to conceal ◇ Ety/355
díhena- S. [dˈiːhɛnɑ] v. to forgive (with matter forgiven as object?) ◇ VT/44:29 ⇒ Cf. gohena-
*dilia- N. [dˈili.ɑ] inf. dilio N. [dˈili.ɔ] pa. t. diliant N. [dˈili.ɑnt] v. to stop up ◇ Ety/354, VT/45:9
doltha- N. [dˈɔlθɑ] pa. t. Arch. daul N. [dˈɑul] v. to conceal ◇ Ety/355
*dortha- N. [dˈɔrθɑ] inf. dortho N. [dˈɔrθɔ] v. to dwell, stay ◇ Ety/376
*draf- N. [drˈɑv] inf. dravo N. [drˈɑvɔ] pa. t. drammen N. [drˈɑmmɛn] (dravant N., Arch. dramp N.) v. to hew ◇ Ety/354, VT/45:8
*drega- S. [drˈɛgɑ] v. to flee ◈ Only the imperative drego is attested. Therefore, the verb may also be dreg- (inf. dregi)
*dringa- N. [drˈiŋgɑ] inf. dringo N. [drˈiŋgɔ] v. to beat (with a hammer, etc.) ◇ Ety/355
*echad- N. [ˈɛxɑd] inf. echedi N. [ˈɛxɛdi] pa. t. echant S., N. [ˈɛxɑnt] v. to fashion, make ◇ Ety/363, LotR/II:IV